hollyhockn.

Brit.

/ˈhɒlɪhɒk/, U.S.

/ˈhɑliˌhɑk/

Forms: Middle English holihoc, Middle English–1600s holihocke, Middle English holyhokke, holy hokke, 1500s holioke, hollihoke, holyoke, holyocke, hollyhocke, hollyoke, 1500s–1600s hollihocke, hollioke, holyhocke, 1600s holliock, hollioak, holyhock, hollyoak, 1600s–1700s holyhock, 1700s holyoak, holy-oak, ? 1800s holly-oak, 1600s– holly-hock, 1700s– hollyhock.

Etymology: < holy adj. + hock n.¹ mallow: evidently of hagiological origin; compare the Welsh name hocys bendigaid, which appears to translate a medieval Latin *malva benedicta. Another name was caulis Sancti Cuthberti, ‘Seynt Cutberts-cole’: see Alphita 61 s.v. Euiscus, 110 s.v. Malua. The guess that ‘the hollyhock was doubtless so called from being brought from the Holy Land’ has been offered in ignorance of the history of the word.

†1. originally. The Marsh Mallow, Althæa officinalis (in medieval Latin ibiscum malva, bis malva, Old French vie mauve, French guimauve, Spanish malvavisco). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > marshmallow

marshmalloweOE

hollyhocka1300

wymalvea1300

white mallowa1400

vimauea1425

mallow1483

marish mallow1548

water mallow1548

mucilage mallow1578

moorish mallow1597

wymote1597

shrub mallow1640

guimauve1812

a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 556/24 Althea, i. ymalue, i. holihoc.

a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 43 Wimave, i. holi hocke.

a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 10 Altea, i. holihocke.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 56 Take malowe leues..& þe rote of holihocke [B. holy hokke].

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 243/2 Holy hokke, or wylde malowe.., altea, malviscus.

c1465 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 4 Alta malua..gall. wymalue, anglice holyhokke.

1538 W. Turner Libellus de re Herbaria at Althea Altheam aliqui ebiscum, siue ibiscum nominant, officinæ maluam bismaluam nostrates, Holy oke.

1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. clxxiii. 489 An oyntment made of holy-hoxe, or sea-mallowes.

1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry ii. xxv. 149 Annoint her feet with the juyce of the Hearb Holyhocke.

2. Now, The plant Althæa rosea, of the same genus as the preceding, a native of China and southern Europe, having a very tall and stout stem bearing numerous large flowers on very short stalks; many varieties, with flowers of different tints of red, purple, yellow, and white, are cultivated in gardens.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > mallow flowers > hollyhock

French mallowa1500

garden mallow1526

hollyhock1548

rose mallow1633

mallow1707

poppy mallow1861

sidalcea1882

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. E.ij^v Malua hortensis is of two kindes. The one is called alone in greeke Malache in englishe Holyhoke, and of thys sort is the iagged mallowe. [He distinguishes it from ‘Althea and Hibiscus..in englishe marrishe Mallowe’.]

1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. B viij By thys description it is playne that our comon holyoke is not Althea.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 40^v Holiokes, red, white and carnacions.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §510 This Experiment of seuerall Colours, comming vp from one Seed, would bee tried also in..Poppy and Hollyoke [1677 Hollyoak].

a1637 B. Jonson Pans Anniv. 36 in Wks. (1640) III Bright Crowne-imperiall, Kings-speare, Holy-hocks.

1641 True Char. Untrue Bishop 10 Who weareth..a fine holliock for the knot of his girdle.

1700 tr. A. Cowley 6 Bks. Plants iv. 89 in 2nd & 3rd Pts. Wks. (new ed.) The Holihock disdains the common size Of Herbs, and like a Tree do's proudly rise.

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 282 Sow Pinks,..Holyoaks, annual Stocks.

1766 C. Anstey New Bath Guide xi. iv. 76 Like a Holy-Hock, noble, majestic, and tall.

1830 Ld. Tennyson Spirit Haunts (song) ii. 68 Heavily hangs the hollyhock, Heavily hangs the tiger-lily.

figurative.1897 V. Hunt Unkist, Unkind! (ed. 2) ii. 24 It takes a great bouncing hollyhock of a woman to look well here, not a white lily, as they call me in town.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

hollyhock blossom n.

hollyhock root n.

ΚΠ

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxviii. 193 The decoction of hollihocke roots.

C2.

hollyhock disease n. = hollyhock rust n.; also, blight caused by the parasitic fungus Colletotrichum malvarum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with flowers

white rust1677

white rust1815

hollyhock fungus1883

hollyhock disease1898

hollyhock rust1899

ray blight1907

tulip fire1931

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > causing disease in plants > Puccinia

Puccinia1800

hollyhock fungus1883

hollyhock disease1898

hollyhock rust1899

1865 Gardeners' Chron. 2 Sept. 817/2 We have received..some information with respect to a Disease with which Hollyhocks are affected to such a degree as almost to preclude their cultivation.]

1898 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 6) 389/1 Owing to the Hollyhock disease it is often a better plan to abandon the named kinds increased from cuttings and resort to seedlings only for stock.

1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) II. 1006/1 Hollyhock disease is not seen in the neighbourhood of industrial towns.

hollyhock fungus n. a fungus, Puccinia malvacearum, parasitic on the hollyhock.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with flowers

white rust1677

white rust1815

hollyhock fungus1883

hollyhock disease1898

hollyhock rust1899

ray blight1907

tulip fire1931

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > causing disease in plants > Puccinia

Puccinia1800

hollyhock fungus1883

hollyhock disease1898

hollyhock rust1899

1883 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden 13/2 The Hollyhock Fungus (Puccinia malvacearum)..is..destructive to the Hollyhock.

hollyhock-rose n. an American species of club-moss, Selaginella lepidophylla, also called resurrection-plant.

hollyhock rust n. hollyhock fungus or the disease caused by this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with flowers

white rust1677

white rust1815

hollyhock fungus1883

hollyhock disease1898

hollyhock rust1899

ray blight1907

tulip fire1931

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > causing disease in plants > Puccinia

Puccinia1800

hollyhock fungus1883

hollyhock disease1898

hollyhock rust1899

1899 G. Massee Text-bk. Plant Dis. 252 Hollyhock rust.

1910 T. W. Sanders Garden Foes 227 Hollyhock Rust (Puccinia malvacearum). At one time this fungoid disease played great havoc with the hollyhock.

1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) II. 1005/2 The onset of Hollyhock rust..led to its almost complete disappearance as a florists' flower.

hollyhock-tree n. a malvaceous tree, Hibiscus splendens, found in Australia.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hollyhock
释义	hollyhockn. Brit. /ˈhɒlɪhɒk/, U.S. /ˈhɑliˌhɑk/ Forms: Middle English holihoc, Middle English–1600s holihocke, Middle English holyhokke, holy hokke, 1500s holioke, hollihoke, holyoke, holyocke, hollyhocke, hollyoke, 1500s–1600s hollihocke, hollioke, holyhocke, 1600s holliock, hollioak, holyhock, hollyoak, 1600s–1700s holyhock, 1700s holyoak, holy-oak, ? 1800s holly-oak, 1600s– holly-hock, 1700s– hollyhock. Etymology: < holy adj. + hock n.¹ mallow: evidently of hagiological origin; compare the Welsh name hocys bendigaid, which appears to translate a medieval Latin malva benedicta. Another name was caulis Sancti Cuthberti, ‘Seynt Cutberts-cole’: see Alphita* 61 s.v. Euiscus, 110 s.v. Malua. The guess that ‘the hollyhock was doubtless so called from being brought from the Holy Land’ has been offered in ignorance of the history of the word. †1. originally. The Marsh Mallow, Althæa officinalis (in medieval Latin ibiscum malva, bis malva, Old French vie mauve, French guimauve, Spanish malvavisco). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > marshmallow marshmalloweOE hollyhocka1300 wymalvea1300 white mallowa1400 vimauea1425 mallow1483 marish mallow1548 water mallow1548 mucilage mallow1578 moorish mallow1597 wymote1597 shrub mallow1640 guimauve1812 a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 556/24 Althea, i. ymalue, i. holihoc. a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 43 Wimave, i. holi hocke. a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 10 Altea, i. holihocke. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 56 Take malowe leues..& þe rote of holihocke [B. holy hokke]. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 243/2 Holy hokke, or wylde malowe.., altea, malviscus. c1465 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 4 Alta malua..gall. wymalue, anglice holyhokke. 1538 W. Turner Libellus de re Herbaria at Althea Altheam aliqui ebiscum, siue ibiscum nominant, officinæ maluam bismaluam nostrates, Holy oke. 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. clxxiii. 489 An oyntment made of holy-hoxe, or sea-mallowes. 1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry ii. xxv. 149 Annoint her feet with the juyce of the Hearb Holyhocke. 2. Now, The plant Althæa rosea, of the same genus as the preceding, a native of China and southern Europe, having a very tall and stout stem bearing numerous large flowers on very short stalks; many varieties, with flowers of different tints of red, purple, yellow, and white, are cultivated in gardens. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > mallow flowers > hollyhock French mallowa1500 garden mallow1526 hollyhock1548 rose mallow1633 mallow1707 poppy mallow1861 sidalcea1882 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. E.ij^v Malua hortensis is of two kindes. The one is called alone in greeke Malache in englishe Holyhoke, and of thys sort is the iagged mallowe. [He distinguishes it from ‘Althea and Hibiscus..in englishe marrishe Mallowe’.] 1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. B viij By thys description it is playne that our comon holyoke is not Althea. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 40^v Holiokes, red, white and carnacions. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §510 This Experiment of seuerall Colours, comming vp from one Seed, would bee tried also in..Poppy and Hollyoke [1677 Hollyoak]. a1637 B. Jonson Pans Anniv. 36 in Wks. (1640) III Bright Crowne-imperiall, Kings-speare, Holy-hocks. 1641 True Char. Untrue Bishop 10 Who weareth..a fine holliock for the knot of his girdle. 1700 tr. A. Cowley 6 Bks. Plants iv. 89 in 2nd & 3rd Pts. Wks. (new ed.) The Holihock disdains the common size Of Herbs, and like a Tree do's proudly rise. 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 282 Sow Pinks,..Holyoaks, annual Stocks. 1766 C. Anstey New Bath Guide xi. iv. 76 Like a Holy-Hock, noble, majestic, and tall. 1830 Ld. Tennyson Spirit Haunts (song) ii. 68 Heavily hangs the hollyhock, Heavily hangs the tiger-lily. figurative.1897 V. Hunt Unkist, Unkind! (ed. 2) ii. 24 It takes a great bouncing hollyhock of a woman to look well here, not a white lily, as they call me in town. Compounds C1. General attributive. hollyhock blossom n. hollyhock root n. ΚΠ 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxviii. 193 The decoction of hollihocke roots. C2. hollyhock disease n. = hollyhock rust n.; also, blight caused by the parasitic fungus Colletotrichum malvarum. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with flowers white rust1677 white rust1815 hollyhock fungus1883 hollyhock disease1898 hollyhock rust1899 ray blight1907 tulip fire1931 the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > causing disease in plants > Puccinia Puccinia1800 hollyhock fungus1883 hollyhock disease1898 hollyhock rust1899 1865 Gardeners' Chron. 2 Sept. 817/2 We have received..some information with respect to a Disease with which Hollyhocks are affected to such a degree as almost to preclude their cultivation.] 1898 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 6) 389/1 Owing to the Hollyhock disease it is often a better plan to abandon the named kinds increased from cuttings and resort to seedlings only for stock. 1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) II. 1006/1 Hollyhock disease is not seen in the neighbourhood of industrial towns. hollyhock fungus n. a fungus, Puccinia malvacearum, parasitic on the hollyhock. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with flowers white rust1677 white rust1815 hollyhock fungus1883 hollyhock disease1898 hollyhock rust1899 ray blight1907 tulip fire1931 the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > causing disease in plants > Puccinia Puccinia1800 hollyhock fungus1883 hollyhock disease1898 hollyhock rust1899 1883 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden 13/2 The Hollyhock Fungus (Puccinia malvacearum)..is..destructive to the Hollyhock. hollyhock-rose n. an American species of club-moss, Selaginella lepidophylla, also called resurrection-plant. hollyhock rust n. hollyhock fungus or the disease caused by this. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with flowers white rust1677 white rust1815 hollyhock fungus1883 hollyhock disease1898 hollyhock rust1899 ray blight1907 tulip fire1931 the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > causing disease in plants > Puccinia Puccinia1800 hollyhock fungus1883 hollyhock disease1898 hollyhock rust1899 1899 G. Massee Text-bk. Plant Dis. 252 Hollyhock rust. 1910 T. W. Sanders Garden Foes 227 Hollyhock Rust (Puccinia malvacearum). At one time this fungoid disease played great havoc with the hollyhock. 1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) II. 1005/2 The onset of Hollyhock rust..led to its almost complete disappearance as a florists' flower. hollyhock-tree n. a malvaceous tree, Hibiscus splendens, found in Australia. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1300
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