Hokkienadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈhɒkɪɛn/, U.S.

/ˈhɑkiˌɛn/,

/ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/

Forms: 1800s Hok-Këèn, 1800s Hok-Këen, 1800s Hok-Keen, 1800s Hokken, 1800s– Hok-kien, 1800s– Hokkien, 1900s– Hokkian.

Origin: A borrowing from Amoy. Etymon: Amoy hok kian.

Etymology: < Amoy hok kian.

A. adj. (attributive).

1. Of, relating to, or designating a dialect of Southern Min traditionally spoken in south-eastern China, and now one of the major Chinese dialects of Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and the Philippines. Cf. Min adj.³ and n.⁵The northern and southern varieties of Hokkien together with Amoy form the subdialect Xiamen.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Sino-Tibetan > [adjective] > of Chinese > of dialects of

Hokkien1832

Amoy1844

Cantonese1857

Hakka1881

Wu1908

Szechuanese1918

wenyan1936

Hunanese1937

Gan1943

Min1959

Yi1960

Teochew1970

yüeh1978

1832 W. H. Medhurst (title) A dictionary of the Hok-Këèn dialect of the Chinese language.

1841 J. Legge (title) A lexilogus of the English, Malay, and Chinese languages; comprehending the vernacular idioms of the last in the Hok-Keen and Canton dialects.

1893 R. Wallaschek Primitive Music vi. 185 In the native Hokken (Fo-kieen) pronouncing dictionaries, the Chinese characters are divided into eight classes to correspond with the number of tones.

1952 ‘Han Suyin’ Many-splendoured Thing vii. 178 François shouted encouragement to the fishermen in French, and John Tam translated into Hokkien dialect.

2001 H. Chappell Chinese Grammar iii. 63 Evidence for the verbal origin of this marker can be found in a Spanish manuscript describing the grammar of a Southern Min or Hokkien dialect of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.

2. Of, relating to, or designating a member of a Chinese people traditionally inhabiting south-eastern China who speak a dialect of Southern Min, or their culture or cuisine.

ΚΠ

1892 Times 8 July 7/6 Mr. Evans calls my attention to the traffic in Hokkien girls brought down and sold as household servants, and fears that they are virtually kept in a state of slavery.

1969 R. C. Bell Board & Table Games (ed. 2) II. vi. 105 This popular Hokkien game for four players is played with a set of thirty-two Chinese dominoes.

1993 R. J. Antony et al. Secret Societies Reconsidered iv. 98 The colonial power felt more closely allied to the Hokkien mercantile community than to the Teochew traders and planters.

2004 Evening Standard (Nexis) 12 July 36 Also worth noting are the Nyonya fried rice and the ‘hawker’ meal-in-a-bowl dishes, such as the Penang Assam Laksa and the Hokkien Prawn Mee soup.

B. n.

1. The Hokkien dialect of Southern Min.

ΚΠ

1865 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 13 32 The mandarin word..becomes pak in Hok-Këen.

1957 M. Freedman Chinese Family & Marriage in Singapore 9 Of all the so-called Chinese dialects in use in Singapore Hokkien was the most common.

1970 R. Bruce Teach Yourself Cantonese 1 Hokkien is the speech of the Amoy and other places in South Fukien.

2003 N.Y. Times 10 Aug. 7/4 Sitting through a three-hour movie, in Mandarin and Hokkien with subtitles, seemed more likely a chore than a pleasure.

2. A member of the Hokkien people.

ΚΠ

1895 Geogr. Jrnl. 3 290 The Chinese [in Singapore] are principally Tinchus or Taichus..; other clans or provinces are represented in the following order: Hokkiens, Kehs, and Macaos.

1927 R. J. H. Sidney In Brit. Malaya To-day 144 A Hok-kien and a Teo-chew had a quarrel.

1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 1 Sept. a17 I had to speak Hokkien..because the majority of them were adult Hokkiens.

2003 New Straits Times (Malaysia) 21 Sept. 8 The Hokkiens have always been resourceful and entrepreneurial and since China's changed economic policy, Xiamen is a success story.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hokkien
释义	Hokkienadj.n. Brit. /ˈhɒkɪɛn/, U.S. /ˈhɑkiˌɛn/, /ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/ Forms: 1800s Hok-Këèn, 1800s Hok-Këen, 1800s Hok-Keen, 1800s Hokken, 1800s– Hok-kien, 1800s– Hokkien, 1900s– Hokkian. Origin: A borrowing from Amoy. Etymon: Amoy hok kian. Etymology: < Amoy hok kian. A. adj. (attributive). 1. Of, relating to, or designating a dialect of Southern Min traditionally spoken in south-eastern China, and now one of the major Chinese dialects of Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and the Philippines. Cf. Min adj.³ and n.⁵The northern and southern varieties of Hokkien together with Amoy form the subdialect Xiamen. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Sino-Tibetan > [adjective] > of Chinese > of dialects of Hokkien1832 Amoy1844 Cantonese1857 Hakka1881 Wu1908 Szechuanese1918 wenyan1936 Hunanese1937 Gan1943 Min1959 Yi1960 Teochew1970 yüeh1978 1832 W. H. Medhurst (title) A dictionary of the Hok-Këèn dialect of the Chinese language. 1841 J. Legge (title) A lexilogus of the English, Malay, and Chinese languages; comprehending the vernacular idioms of the last in the Hok-Keen and Canton dialects. 1893 R. Wallaschek Primitive Music vi. 185 In the native Hokken (Fo-kieen) pronouncing dictionaries, the Chinese characters are divided into eight classes to correspond with the number of tones. 1952 ‘Han Suyin’ Many-splendoured Thing vii. 178 François shouted encouragement to the fishermen in French, and John Tam translated into Hokkien dialect. 2001 H. Chappell Chinese Grammar iii. 63 Evidence for the verbal origin of this marker can be found in a Spanish manuscript describing the grammar of a Southern Min or Hokkien dialect of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. 2. Of, relating to, or designating a member of a Chinese people traditionally inhabiting south-eastern China who speak a dialect of Southern Min, or their culture or cuisine. ΚΠ 1892 Times 8 July 7/6 Mr. Evans calls my attention to the traffic in Hokkien girls brought down and sold as household servants, and fears that they are virtually kept in a state of slavery. 1969 R. C. Bell Board & Table Games (ed. 2) II. vi. 105 This popular Hokkien game for four players is played with a set of thirty-two Chinese dominoes. 1993 R. J. Antony et al. Secret Societies Reconsidered iv. 98 The colonial power felt more closely allied to the Hokkien mercantile community than to the Teochew traders and planters. 2004 Evening Standard (Nexis) 12 July 36 Also worth noting are the Nyonya fried rice and the ‘hawker’ meal-in-a-bowl dishes, such as the Penang Assam Laksa and the Hokkien Prawn Mee soup. B. n. 1. The Hokkien dialect of Southern Min. ΚΠ 1865 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 13 32 The mandarin word..becomes pak in Hok-Këen. 1957 M. Freedman Chinese Family & Marriage in Singapore 9 Of all the so-called Chinese dialects in use in Singapore Hokkien was the most common. 1970 R. Bruce Teach Yourself Cantonese 1 Hokkien is the speech of the Amoy and other places in South Fukien. 2003 N.Y. Times 10 Aug. 7/4 Sitting through a three-hour movie, in Mandarin and Hokkien with subtitles, seemed more likely a chore than a pleasure. 2. A member of the Hokkien people. ΚΠ 1895 Geogr. Jrnl. 3 290 The Chinese [in Singapore] are principally Tinchus or Taichus..; other clans or provinces are represented in the following order: Hokkiens, Kehs, and Macaos. 1927 R. J. H. Sidney In Brit. Malaya To-day 144 A Hok-kien and a Teo-chew had a quarrel. 1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 1 Sept. a17 I had to speak Hokkien..because the majority of them were adult Hokkiens. 2003 New Straits Times (Malaysia) 21 Sept. 8 The Hokkiens have always been resourceful and entrepreneurial and since China's changed economic policy, Xiamen is a success story. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1832
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