hormonen.
/ˈhɔːməʊn/, U.S. /ˈhɔrˌmoʊn/ Physiology.
1.
a. Any of numerous organic compounds that are secreted into the body fluids of an animal, particularly the bloodstream, by a specific group of cells and regulate some specific physiological activity of other cells; (also) any synthetic compound having such an effect.
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the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > hormone > [noun]
hormone1905
sirenin1958
1905 E. H. Starling in Lancet 5 Aug. 340/1 These chemical messengers, however, or ‘hormones’..as we might call them.
1906 E. H. Starling Recent Adv. Physiol. Digest. 75 The first products of digestion act on the pyloric mucous membrane, and produce in this membrane a substance which is absorbed into the blood stream, and carried to all the glands of the stomach, where it acts as a specific excitant of their secretory activity. This substance may be called the gastric secretin or gastric hormone.
1924 T. B. Robertson Princ. Biochem. (ed. 2) xx. 579 Such catalyzers being distributed by the circulation and operating as growth-hormones.
1930 R. A. Fisher Genetical Theory Nat. Selection 131 The investigation of the influence of the sex hormones has shown how genetic modifications of the whole species can be made to manifest themselves in one sex only.
1931 Wiesner & Marshall in Q. Jrnl. Exper. Physiol. XXI. 147 (title) The Gonadotropic Hormones (ρ-Factors).
1951 A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics xxvi. 581 The estrogenic hormones are responsible for certain secondary sex characteristics in the female, such as the plumage markings of some birds.
1955 Sci. News Let. 24 Sept. 198/3 Hormones are chemicals made by the adrenal, sex, pituitary and other body glands.
1959 A. C. Guyton Function Human Body i. 11 Adrenocortical hormones secreted by the two adrenal cortices..control the passage of proteins, salts, and perhaps other substances through the cell walls.
1967 Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia (ed. 25) 1277/2 Synthetic sex hormones have usually been developed from the basic steroid structure of the naturally occurring testosterone.
1968 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. xxv. 40/1 Insulin is a powerful hormone whose actions affect the structure and function of every organ in the body.
1969 Times 16 June 3/8 Testosterone..is the chief of the male sex hormones known as androgens.
1970 W. B. Yapp Introd. Animal Physiol. (ed. 3) ii. 59 The acid of the gastric juice is secreted under the action of gastrin, a hormone secreted and liberated into the blood by the stomach wall..when it is mechanically stimulated.
b. Restricted to those compounds that have a stimulating (rather than an inhibiting) effect (cf. chalone n.). Now rare.
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the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > hormone > [noun] > stimulating
secretin1902
hormone1914
MSH1953
GnRH1973
1914 E. A. Schäfer Introd. Study Endocrine Glands i. 11 Effects are either in the direction of excitation, in which case the endocrine substances producing them..would come under the expression ‘hormones’, or in the direction of restraint and inhibition, in which case they may be termed restraining or inhibiting autacoids and be classed as ‘chalones’. And the action of an autacoid may be described as hormonic or chalonic, according to the kind of effect it produces.
1955 J. T. Lewis & O. T. Lewis tr. B. A. Houssay Human Physiol. (ed. 2) li. 561 The word ‘hormone’ is used also for substances that do not excite activity but rather inhibit it. According to Sharpey-Schafer, the term ‘autocoid’ would be appropriate for all chemical messengers; ‘hormone’ for chemical messengers that stimulate activity; and ‘chalone’ for those which inhibit it. This terminology has not been generally adopted.
2. Any of numerous organic compounds produced by plants which regulate growth and other physiological activities; (also) any synthetic compound having such an effect.
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the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > hormone > [noun] > in plants
hormone1911
wound hormone1921
plant hormone1932
phytohormone1933
auxin1934
heteroauxin1935
florigen1936
traumatic acid1939
abscisin1961
zeatin1963
cytokinin1965
antheridiol1967
abscisic acid1968
oogoniol1975
1911 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. C ii. 642 When exposed to the action of hormones the leaf of Aucuba japonica becomes..black.
1917 Bot. Gaz. 63 50 In other plants the hypothetical geotropic substance might be associated with the shoot-forming hormone.
1927 Biol. Abstr. 1 244/2 Growth hormone of Zea coleoptile tips.
1951 Jrnl. Chem. Education 28 113 We now use plant hormones to propagate plants, prevent preharvest drop of apples,..and defoliate plants without killing the stems.
1952 B. S. Meyer & D. B. Anderson Plant Physiol. (ed. 2) xxviii. 555 Other terms commonly used to designate plant hormones are phytohormones, growth hormones, growth substances, and growth regulators.
1960 Biol. Abstr. 35 4920/1 The action of synthetic plant hormones on pathogenic fungi was studied.
1966 R. M. Devlin Plant Physiol. xxii. 532 Bud dormancy in woody species may be regulated by some balance or ratio between a dormancy-inducing hormone and gibberellins.
1968 Y. Vardar (title) Transport of plant hormones.
1970 P. F. Wareing & I. D. J. Phillips Control of Growth & Differentiation in Plants iv. 62 Whereas the effects of most animal hormones are rather specific, a plant hormone can elicit a wide range of responses depending upon the type of organ or tissue in which it is acting.
1970 H. E. Street & H. Öpik Physiol. Flowering Plants xi. 232 The sepals (and sometimes also the petals) synthesize auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin and export these hormones to the developing fruit.
Compounds
C1. General attributive.
a.
hormone activity n.
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1936 Discovery Nov. 362/1 Such complex subjects as inhibition, reflex action, hormone activity, etc.
hormone balance n.
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1914 H. R. Harrower Pract. Hormone Therapy iii. 45 The intricacies of the hormone balance are fully as complicated as those of the nervous system.
1950 Sci. News 15 134 Rheumatoid arthritis is related to the hormone balance of the body.
hormone therapy n.
ΚΠ
1914 H. R. Harrower Pract. Hormone Therapy p. xii At present the application of hormone therapy in general practice is the exception rather than the rule.
1921 Endocrinology 5 538 Convincing results of hormone therapy in gynecology.
1949 A. Koestler Insight & Outlook x. 138 Hormone therapy and neuro~surgery aim at restoring equilibrium by action somewhere in the middle.
hormone treatment n.
ΚΠ
1955 A. Huxley Let. 5 Feb. (1969) 731 Hormone treatment is now being given.
1972 Lancet 3 June 1246/2 In 1 case hormone treatment was given for mastitis.
hormone weedkiller n.
ΚΠ
1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Apr. 328/3 There is no danger in using hormone weedkillers on pastures.
b.
hormone-controlled adj.
ΚΠ
1963 A. Heron Towards Quaker View of Sex 54 In most mammals, the oestrous cycle of the female, hormone-controlled, is an important factor.
C2.
hormone cream n. a skin cream that contains one or more sex hormones.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > unguents or moisturizers
oil of talc1582
slick1626
cold cream1709
cream1765
amandin1861
face cream1889
skin food1892
skin cream1894
orange-flower skin food1908
violet cream1912
day cream1915
vanishing cream1916
night cream1926
orange skin food1926
baby oil1930
hormone cream1938
moisture cream1957
moisturizer1957
mousse1971
1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 588/1 The group of hormone and vitamin creams, etc., known collectively as ‘biological’ preparations.
1961 R. M. Dashwood Provinc. Daughter 85 A very good Hormone Cream which many clients find helpful after a certain age.
1962 Punch 12 Dec. 845/2 The Consumers' Association finds no reason for buying oestrogenic hormone creams.
Derivatives
hormone-like adj.
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1937 Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst. VIII. 338 Characteristic responses of plants to hormone-like substances have been described.
ˈhormonize v. transitive to treat with a hormone.
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the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [verb (transitive)] > treatment with specific agents
alcoholize1677
oxygenate1789
oxygenize1802
hormonize1947
trypsinize1959
mutagenize1966
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > propagate [verb (transitive)] > hormonize
hormonize1947
1947 Biol. Abstr. 21 2043/1 Field expts. with potatoes hormonized by heteroauxin.
1950 Biol. Abstr. 24 1611/2 The germination of seeds of endive and Brussels sprouts is not improved by hormonizing the seeds or fruits with indole-acetic acid.
ˈhormonized adj. treated with a hormone; containing a hormone.
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the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adjective] > treatment with specific agents
alcoholic1852
bacterized1915
phenolized1920
osmicated1921
hormonized1940
oestrogenized1944
trypsinized1952
mutagenized1963
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [adjective] > hormonized
hormonized1940
1940 Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 37 1015 Hormonized Dust gave satisfactory results with many kinds of cuttings.
1940 Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 37 1016 Forty-seven days after potting, plants rooted with Hormonized Dust were 7 days ahead of untreated plants in shoot production.
1959 Times 16 Feb. 15/5 Its carcass did not set well on cooling, and this had led to most of the butchers' complaints about hormonized beef.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 16 Feb. 78/1 America's top authorities confirm there is absolutely no risk with hormonized meat.
Draft additions 1993
hormone replacement n. (also hormone replacement therapy) Gynaecology the replacement of oestrogenic hormones as a means of alleviating the unpleasant symptoms experienced by some menopausal women; abbreviated HRT n. at H n. Additions.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > [adjective] > hormone replacement therapy
hormone replacement1967
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > [noun] > treatment with specific substances > hormone replacement therapy
oestrogen therapy1946
hormone replacement1967
hormonal replacement1968
HRT1973
1965 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 1 May 962/1 This communication will review a new concept in medicine, long-term replacement therapy for ovarian failure, including the menopause.]
1967 Postgraduate Med. Jrnl. Dec. (Suppl.) (heading) Fertility control and ovarian hormone replacement therapy. Proceedings of a Conference held at the Royal College of Surgeons, September 22, 1966.
1973 Good Housek. July 111/1 Gynaecologists who approve of Hormone Replacement at the time of the menopause and use it for their private patients.
1983 S. Kitzinger Woman's Experience of Sex vii. 236 Hormone replacement therapy was hailed in the 1960s as a panacea for all menopausal problems.
1991 Pulse 6 Apr. 2/5 Hormone replacement therapy without the bleed will be a reality from next week.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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