hostn.1
/həʊst/, U.S. /hoʊst/ 1. † c. A warlike gathering; cf. hosting n. Scottish. Obsolete.
a. An armed company or multitude of men; an army. Now archaic and poetic.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > an army
ferd823
herec855
drightOE
drightfolkOE
ferdingc1000
gingOE
land-fyrd11..
hostc1290
powerc1300
preyc1300
chivalry1382
puissance1423
enarmec1430
exercite1485
force1487
armya1522
land-force1614
wall1657
ground force1929
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 13/431 His sone a-ȝein þe Aumperour with is ost he wende.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14336 Þey..gadered folk, & hostes ledde.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iii. 252 Weend þider with þin host [v.rr. ost, oost].
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xv. cxxvii[i] Þer was no corner of þe worlde wide but he feelde þe swerd of þe oste of Rome.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6160 Of egypte godds ost [Trin. Cambr. hoost] vte vend.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxviii. 16 The chefe captayne of the host.
a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie in Dialog Experience & Courteour (1559) sig. Siv I rasit ane oyste, of mony bald Baroun.
a1592 H. Smith Serm. (1637) 148 As Samuel would not come to Saul, so wisdome will not come to that oast.
1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. William in Regiam Majestatem 7 Of them qvha comes to the hoist.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iv. 6 Thereby shall we shadow The numbers of our Hoast . View more context for this quotation
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Speeches Ajax & Ulysses in Fables 461 Who better can succeed Achilles lost, Than He who gave Achilles to your Hoast?
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 201 Haste, Goddess, haste! the flying Host detain.
1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lvii. 211 She was..not daunted by the sight of the armed host which surrounded her.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xvii. 30 The leaders of the host were exhorted to gentleness and moderation.
b. figurative and transferred.
ΚΠ
c1315 Shoreham 15 A prince of Godes ost Schel do the confermynge None loȝer, Therfore hit mot a bisschope be.]
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4475 Gog and Magog es noght elles Bot þe host of anticrist.
c1400 Rom. Rose 5859 Fonde Shame adowne to brynge, With alle her oost erly and late.
1573 J. Sanford tr. L. Guicciardini Hours Recreat. (1576) 56 That an host of Hartes is more to be feared that is ruled by a Lyon, than an hoste of Lyons ruled by an Hart.
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn iii, in Poems 2 All the spangled host keep watch in squadrons bright.
1773 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 417 He was a host of debaters in himself.
1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xix. 434 It is one of those words which conveys a host of imagery and doctrine in itself.
1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. (1878) xxvii. 470 Arcturus and his host.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > [noun]
trumec893
wic897
ferredc1200
knight-weredc1275
preyc1300
legion?1316
companyc1325
punyec1330
virtuec1350
fellowshipc1380
knightheada1382
knighthooda1382
strengtha1382
sop?a1400
strengh?a1400
tropelc1425
armyc1450
framec1450
preparing1497
armourya1500
cohortc1500
cohortationc1500
cateran?a1513
venlin1541
troop1545
guidon1560
crew1570
preparation1573
esquadron1579
bodya1616
armada1654
expedition1693
armament1698
host1807
war-party1921
1807 J. Grierson Delineations St. Andrews 74 A clause binding the latter to attend and protect the former in all reids and hosts.
2. † b. A name for a ‘company’ of sparrows. Obsolete.
a. transferred. A great company; a multitude; a large number.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > large or numerous
legiona1325
rout?c1335
multitudec1350
thrave1377
cloudc1384
schoola1450
meiniec1450
throng1538
ruckc1540
multitudine1547
swarm1548
regiment1575
armya1586
volley1595
pile1596
battalion1603
wood1608
host1613
armada1622
crowd1628
battalia1653
squadron1668
raffa1677
smytrie1786
raft1821
squash1884
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xii. 38 The king maade him redy to come to þe Emperour, with a gret oost, for to wedde his dowter.]
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 269 The three Hostes [caravans] cast themselves into a triangle.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. i. 23 Defend this lady against your host of monks.
1840 F. Trollope Widow Married I. viii. 189 The examination of a host of trunks just arrived from France.
1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 73 What a host of thoughts and images that one name carries!
1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 234 They produce a host of books written by Musaeus and Orpheus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > family Ploceidae > [noun] > subfamily Ploceinae (weaver) > genus Passer > passer domesticus (sparrow) > group of
host1486
1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b An Ost of sparowis.
3. In Biblical and derived uses:
a. host or hosts of heaven (Hebrew ts'bā hashshāmayim) is applied to (a) the multitude of angels that attend upon God, and (b) the sun, moon, and stars.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > angel > [noun] > race of or collectively
angelkindc1175
baronage1340
hierarchyc1380
host or hosts of heaven1382
angelity1652
the world > the universe > heavenly body > [noun]
candle937
lightOE
starsc1225
ballc1300
bodya1398
celestinec1430
heavenly bodya1475
luminair1477
luminary1489
streamer1513
host or hosts of heaven1535
globe1555
orb1565
sphere1598
planet1640
superstar1910
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Kings xxii. 19 I saw the Lord vpon his see sittynge, and al the oost of heuene stondynge neeȝ to hym.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. ii. A Thus was heauen and earth fynished with all their hoost [heauē in text].
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Deut. xvii. 3 Sonne or Mone, or eny of the hooste of heauen.
1611 Bible (King James) Josh. v. 14 As captaine of the hoste of the Lord am I now come. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 606 Hesperus that led The starrie Host. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 710 His count'nance..Drew after him the third part of Heav'ns Host. View more context for this quotation
1847 J. Yeowell Chron. Anc. Brit. Church i. 5 The worship of the host of heaven.
b. Lord (God) of Hosts (Jehovah Ts'bāōth): a frequent title of Jehovah in certain books of the Old Testament; apparently referring sometimes to the heavenly hosts (see a), sometimes to the armies of Israel, and hence in modern use with the sense ‘God of armies’ or ‘of battles’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun] > name of > scriptural name(s)
AdonaiOE
Sabaotha1325
Lord (God) of Hosts1382
Jehovah1530
I AM1539
Jah1539
the Ancient of Days1560
Elohim1605
Shaddaia1631
seven names of God1657
Yahweh1869
Hashem1877
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Sam. xvii. 45 Y come to thee in the name of the Lord God of oostis, God of the cumpanyes of Israel.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Zech. i. 3 Be ȝe conuertid to me, saith the Lord of oostis.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Zech. xiv. 21 All the kettels in Ierusalem and Iuda, shalbe holy vnto the Lorde of hoostes.
1569 in Q. Eliz. Prayer Bk. (1890) App. v. 225 O most myghtie God, the Lorde of hoastes..the only geuer of all victories.
1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 78 The Lord of Hosts, i.e. of all things visible and invisible..of all things animate and inanimate, which, in the history of Creation, are called, the host of heaven and earth, the one host of God.
1891 A. F. Kirkpatrick in Cambr. Bible for Schools, Psalms xxiv. 10 (note) .
1897 R. Kipling Recessional in Times 17 July 13/6 Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, Lest we forget—lest we forget!
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
hostn.2
/həʊst/, U.S. /hoʊst/ 1. A man who lodges and entertains another in his house: the correlative to guest.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > hospitality > hospitable person > [noun] > host
harbingerc1175
hostelerc1300
host1303
entertainer1525
landlord1725
Amphitryon1807
feast-giver1820
hospitator1851
guester1890
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 4601 And ȝyt shall he make sum robbery, Or begyle hys hoste þer he shal lye.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Rom. xvi. 23 Gayus myn oost [1382 my herborgere; 1526 Tindale myne hoste; 1611 mine hoste] greeteth ȝou wel.
1531 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John (1537) 98 Gaius..whome Paule..calleth hys ooste and the ooste of all the congregacion.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 2 Tim. iv. f. xxvv Salute Prisilla and Aquila myne hospte and myne hospetes.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xix. sig. Bb4v A tedious guest to a loathsome host.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vi. 29 Conduct me to mine Host we loue him highly. View more context for this quotation
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Baucis & Philemon 118 But the kind hosts their entertainment grace, With hearty welcome, and an open face.
1708 E. Cook Sot-weed Factor 8 Pleas'd with the Treatment I did find, I took my leave of Oast so kind.
1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood viii. 48 You are almost in the position of host to-night.
2.
a. spec. A man who lodges and entertains for payment; a man who keeps a public place of lodging or entertainment; the landlord of an inn. Often in archaic phrase mine (my) host = the landlord of such and such an inn.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > keeper of eating-house > [noun]
hostc1290
taverner1340
hosteler1350
cookc1390
ostlera1400
goodman1430
innkeeperc1449
hosterc1503
hostler?a1505
tabler1569
tavern-keeper1611
ordinary keeper1644
cantinier1721
landlord1724
traiteur1751
tavern-man1755
restaurateur1793
restorator1796
restauranteur1837
restauranter1863
society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [noun] > with temporary accommodation > innkeeping > innkeeper or hotelier
wifeOE
hostc1290
hostessc1290
hosteler1350
innkeeperc1449
innholder1463
wardin1493
hosterc1503
hostler?a1505
landlady1654
landlord1724
hoteliera1738
aubergiste1766
roadsider1826
khanji1839
motelier1959
c1290 Beket 1176 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 140 At one gode mannes house his In a-niȝt he nam..his oste nam wel god ȝeme hov heo heom alle bere.
c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 222 Efter soper, sayd myne oste, That he cowth noght tel the day That ani knight are with him lay.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 747 Greet cheere made oure hoost [v.rr. ost, oste, hooste] vs euerichon.
1573 J. Sanford tr. L. Guicciardini Hours Recreat. (1576) 145 Lodged in an Inne..Whereuppon the Hoste asked him payment.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. i. 92 Mine Host of the Garter. View more context for this quotation
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler ii. 45 Tell me freely how you like my Hoste, and the company? is not mine Hoste a witty man? View more context for this quotation
1805 W. Wordsworth Waggoner i. 90 Who does not know the famous Swan? Object uncouth! and yet our boast, For it was painted by the Host.
1836 J. Murray Hand-bk. for Travellers on Continent 55/2 The two daughters of mine host are both fair and graceful in their national costume.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xvii. 121 I was informed by my host that [etc.].
1909 P. G. Wodehouse Mike xii. 66 That was the supreme moment in mine host's life.
1934 P. G. Wodehouse Right ho, Jeeves x. 123 I entered the saloon bar and requested mine host to start pouring.
1973 J. Porter It's Murder with Dover vii. 67 Dover set about cross-questioning the landlord... Mine host stuck to his guns.
b. Prov. to reckon (†count) without (†before) one's host: to calculate one's bill or score without consulting one's host or landlord; to come to conclusions without taking into consideration some important circumstance of the case.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > lack of reasoning, illogicality > conclude falsely [verb (intransitive)]
to reckon (count) without (before) one's host1490
misconclude1636
overgeneralize1851
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > judge wrongly [verb (intransitive)] > judge prematurely
to reckon (count) without (before) one's host1490
to run before one's horse to market1597
jumpa1704
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) lii. 202 It ys sayd in comyn that ‘who soeuer rekeneth wythoute his hoste, he rekeneth twys for ones’.
1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xv. f. lxiiii He fareth lo lyke a geste, that maketh hys rekenynge hym self without his hoste.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxxxj Thei reckened before their host, and so paied more then their shotte came to.
1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 635 He that comptis without his oist, oft tymes he comptis twise.
1698 J. Vanbrugh 2nd Pt. Æsop iii But here, alas! he found to's cost, He had reckon'd long without his host.
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well II. ii. 48 But hostess as she was herself,..she reckoned without her host in the present instance.
1877 S. J. Owen in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches Introd. p. xv He counted without his host.
1886 J. A. Symonds Catholic Reaction in Renaissance in Italy ii. 174 He [Bruno] reckoned strangely in this matter, without the murderous host into whose clutches he had fallen.
3.
a. Biology. An animal or plant having a parasite or commensal habitually living in or upon it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in interrelationship > [noun] > parasites > host
host1857
1857 Lankester tr. Küchenmeister Animal Paras. I. Introd. 4 They usually emigrate once into the external world, generally with the excrements of the hosts of their parents. Note, Host is a literal translation of the German ‘Wirth’, and although not perhaps previously used in the above sense in the English language, I have adopted it to prevent a somewhat tedious circumlocution.
1862 Intellectual Observer I. 115 The mode in which the liver flukes gain access to their hosts, or in other words to the bodies of the herbivorous animals they frequent.
1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 733 Cuscuta is nourished exclusively by the haustoria which penetrate into the tissue of the host.
1892 Brady Addr. Tyneside Field Club 9 To complete the life-cycle of any one of these creatures [tape-worms], successive residence is necessary in the bodies of two distinct species of animal,..thus called the ‘intermediate host’ and the ‘final host’.
b. Biology and Medicine. An animal or person that is the recipient of tissue, an organ, etc., that has been transplanted into it from another.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > transplanting and grafting operations > [noun] > recipient
host1906
1906 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 Dec. 1796/1 Entire organs may be transplanted by anastomosis of their blood vessels to suitable points on the circulatory apparatus of the host.
1923 H. Neuhof Transplantation of Tissues i. 9 Experiments..continued from six to nine months showed the transplant completely replaced by a connective tissue derived from the host.
1958 New Biol. 27 42 The host reacts to the antigens of the graft by producing antibodies.
1961 New Scientist 5 Jan. 45/3 Cells of both the donor of the graft tissue, and the recipient host, played a part in the immune reaction.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > hospitality > guest > [noun]
guestOE
host1390
strangerc1400
hostessa1425
gestenerc1480
stranger-guest1725
treatee1841
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 205 How he [Lichaon]..His hostes slough and into mete He made her bodies to ben ete.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xviii. 68 An hoste that lightly forgeteth his lodgynge..and departeth Ioyously wythout to haue eny rewthe.
1518 in J. R. Boyle & F. W. Dendy Extracts Rec. Merchant Adventurers Newcastle (1895) I. 51 The ostmen that byes any merchaundyse of ther hosts.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates James I. vii They took me prisoner, not as oste.
5.
a. Geology. A mineral mass containing a different mineral; a rock containing an ore deposit or foreign rock. Frequently attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > intrusion > host
host1889
aureole1896
metamorphic aureole1910
1889 Cent. Dict. Host, a mineral which incloses another.
1950 E. E. Wahlstrom Introd. Theoret. Igneous Petrol. iv. 80 Perthites are intergrowths of two feldspars. Commonly the host mineral (that is, the more abundant mineral) is potash feldspar.
1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. i. 1/1 These are the host-rocks of the gold mineralization west of the Alps.
b. Physics and Chemistry. A crystal lattice or molecular structure containing a foreign ion, atom, or molecule; spec. (a) a crystal or a crystalline material to which a small amount of some impurity has been added to make it luminescent; (b) that component of a clathrate compound that encloses or surrounds the other component. Usually attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal inclusions > [noun] > host structure
host1939
1939 Trans. Faraday Soc. 35 126 It may be imagined that the function of the activating impurity is to enter the host lattice and produce therein centres of distortion.
1950 H. W. Leverenz Introd. Luminescence of Solids vi. 369 A host crystal should not be strongly absorbing in the spectral region where efficient luminescence emission is to be produced.
1956 Nature 22 Dec. 1410/1 Various instances are known of continuous crystalline ‘host’ lattices within which ‘guest’ molecules may be trapped... Among inorganic lattices the best known are the crystalline zeolites.
1961 L. F. Fieser & M. Fieser Adv. Org. Chem. xxii. 771 They are similar to the urea inclusion complexes..except that the host is a covalently bonded molecule with a hole in it.
1967 I. Vanders & P. F. Kerr Mineral Recognition v. 85/2 At high temperatures, foreign ions are dissolved in the solid host crystal.
1968 Proc. Internat. Conf. Luminescence Budapest 1966 I. 1289 Luminescence of crystalline phosphors is strongly connected with the structure of the host crystal.
Compounds
General attributive. See also sense 5. C1. (In sense 1.)
host country n.
ΚΠ
1959 Manch. Guardian 21 July 1/7 The technical staff of control posts..should consist of one-third host-country nationals.
1962 Times 18 Dec. 11/7 The ‘host countries’..are [not] able economically to absorb the refugees permanently.
1969 H. MacInnes Salzburg Connection ix. 131 Switzerland is the host country.
host government n.
ΚΠ
1960 Economist 15 Oct. 263/1 Certain of the important ‘host governments’ of countries where the oil is actually produced chose not to come.
host population n.
ΚΠ
1971 Guardian 24 July 7/2 The feelings of any host population towards immigrants included suspicion, fear, and irritation.
host society n.
ΚΠ
1961 S. R. Herman in J. A. Fishman Reading Sociol. Lang. (1968) 509 Our analysis implies a cautionary note for the attitude of a host society to newcomers. The host society may legitimately wish to encourage the use of its language by the newcomers, but it may aggravate the problem of adjustment if it insists too strictly on the adherence to its language norms.
1969 Listener 13 Nov. 664/1 Just one sign of the equivocal welcome meted out by the host society.
1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 86 159 The changers displayed more of behavioral and psychological affinities toward the host society than the nonchangers.
C2. (In sense 3.)
host animal n.
ΚΠ
1956 Nature 10 Mar. 453/1 It is reasonable to attribute these changes to the high dose of radiation delivered to the host-animal and so to identify the cells containing them as host cells.
host cell n.
ΚΠ
1954 Science 16 July 110/1 (heading) Action of T2r+ bacteriophage on host-cell membranes.
1958 Spectator 22 Aug. 252/1 The life of the virus is so closely linked with that of the host cell that one cannot be attacked without injury to the other.
host-parasite n. used appositively.
ΚΠ
1946 Nature 6 July 30/2 Host-parasite relations.
1964 V. J. Chapman Coastal Vegetation iii. 77 Plants of course may exhibit host-parasite relations.
host plant n.
ΚΠ
1888 Athenæum 28 Jan. 119/1 Preparations showing the entrance of the potato fungus into the host~plant.
1889 Sc. Leader 19 June 7 The part played by the barberry as a ‘host plant’ in producing mildew.
1959 T. R. E. Southwood & D. Leston Land & Water Bugs Brit. Isles viii. 239 This species may be found in great abundance on its host-plant.
C3.
host-specific adj.
ΚΠ
1969 New Scientist 13 Mar. 23/1 WHO workers introduced a host-specific pathogenic fungus which kills mosquito larvae.
host-specificity n.
ΚΠ
1951 L. E. H. Whitby & M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) xxiv. 376 The viruses have the same wide range of host-specificity as the bacteria.
C4.
host-controlled adj.
ΚΠ
1965 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 19 365 Host-controlled modification of viruses is a general term applied to those cases in which passage through certain host strains imparts one or more new, nonheritable properties to the virus without altering its genetic information content.
host-induced adj.
ΚΠ
1953 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. XVIII. 237 (heading) Host-induced modifications of viruses.
Draft additions 1993
transferred. One who hosts a programme of entertainment, a compère; esp. the presenter of a television or radio show to which guests are invited or which is broadcast before a live audience.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > broadcaster > [noun] > types of
co-host1908
announcer1922
newsreader1925
race-reader1926
newscaster1930
sportscaster1930
quizzee1933
school broadcaster1937
commentator1938
racecaster1938
sportcaster1938
femcee1940
record jockey1940
disc jockey1941
narrator1941
deejay1946
colourman1947
anchorman1948
host1948
jock1952
speakerine1957
presenter1959
linkman1960
anchorwoman1961
rock jock1961
anchor1962
jockey1963
voice-over1966
anchorperson1971
outside broadcaster1971
news anchor1975
talk-master1975
satcaster1982
1948 Prairie Club. Bull. June 14 A big hand for Charles, Our Star Square Dance Host!
1974 Keowee Courier (Walhalla, S. Carolina) 24 Apr. 3/4 Peter Falk..will serve as on-camera host.
1981 P. F. Boller Presidential Anecd. 348 For eight years he acted as host and occasional star of General Electric Theater, a half-hour TV series.
Draft additions 1993
Computing.
a. A computer that makes resources, services, and applications available to terminals or other computers via a computer network; a mainframe or server. Also more generally (in later use): any computer connected to a computer network. More fully host computer, host system, etc.Frequently with distinguishing word, as FTP host, mail host, etc. See also web host n. at web n. Compounds 4b.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > network > [noun] > server
mainframe1957
host computer1966
server1969
file server1979
portal1990
1966 C. J. Sippl Computer Dict. & Handbk. 142/2 Host computer, a computer that is connected to a stored-program multiplexor and which is the base or independent computer upon which the multiplexor is dependent for certain vital functions as program read-in, etc.
1983 80 Micro Feb. 8/3 Such networking calls for some power in the host system.
1985 Personal Computer World Feb. 132/1 (advt.) You can then use disk utilities, print a file, dial a host computer, use terminal mode, or initiate a file transfer.
1989 PC Mag. 27 June 265/2 We were stumped by the FTP program's inability to link to an FTP host when we entered the Internet address.
1995 PC Mag. 5 Dec. 408/2 POP clients are best suited for people who have only one mailbox on one mail host.
2014 A. Perez Network Security v. 110 The alert message indicates an error in communication between the host and the security gateway.
b. An organization, institution, or individual that provides access to resources, services, or applications via a computer network; esp. (in later use) a web host.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > network > [noun] > server > institution running
host1982
1982 A. J. Meadows et al. Dict. New Information Technol. 85/2 Host, (sometimes also called an information spinner, information vendor, or on-line retailer) a host is an entrepreneur who makes available a number of databases through his own computer.
1997 R. C. Parker Web Design & Desktop Publishing for Dummies Gloss. 333/2 Web site files are uploaded from the computer where they were created to the host's computers.
2011 K. Stolley How to design & write Web Pages Today v. 52 Hosts generally offer FTP access, but FTP transmits your password in the clear (without encryption), which can be a security risk to your site.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† hostn.3
Obsolete.
a. A place of lodging or entertainment; a hostel, inn.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > public lodging-places > [noun] > inn
guest housec1000
innc1230
hostry1377
host1382
harbergeryc1384
hostelc1384
hostelryc1386
harbergagea1400
hostelar1424
hostagec1440
innsc1550
host-house1570
fondaco1599
change1609
auberge1615
sporting house1615
albergo1617
rancho1648
change-housea1653
posada1652
public house1655
inn-house1677
funduq1684
locanda1770
fonda1777
livery tavern1787
roadhouse1806
meson1817
tambo1830
gasthaus1834
estalagem1835
caravanserai1848
temperance inna1849
sala1871
bush-inn1881
ryokan1914
B & B1918
pousada1949
minshuku1970
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Acts xxviii. 23 Mo camen to him in to the hoost, or herbore [a1425 L.V. the in].
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Philemon 22 Make redy to me an ooste [gloss or hous for to dwelle inne].
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xxiv. 89 Thes two yong knyghtes yede to her oste in þe cite.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) lxi. 257 His squier soȝte an host, for swiche a worthi knyȝt to be eside ynne.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxxv. l. 26 An old vauasour that kepte An Ost, & was A Man of honour.
b. to be (or lie) at host: to be lodged or entertained; to be put up at an inn; figurative to be on familiar terms or at home with.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > at the house of another, an inn, etc.
gesten?c1225
innc1390
host?c1450
bait1477
to be (or lie) at hosta1500
hostela1500
sojourn1573
to take up1607
guest?1615
to set upa1689
to keep up1704
to put up1706
lodge1749
room1809
hotel1889
dig1914
motel1961
the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > be friendly [verb (intransitive)] > be good friends > be on familiar terms
to be (or lie) at hosta1500
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xi. 171 This mayden..was at hoste with a riche burgeys.
1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 981/1 I wil be at host with you anone.
1565–73 T. Cooper Thesaurus Diuerti ad aliquem in hospitium,..to be at host with one.
1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie sig. Diiii Crowes and Rauens..are at hoste with euery kind of fruite in the Orchard.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 413 Your goods that lay at host..in the Centaur. View more context for this quotation
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
hostn.4
/həʊst/, U.S. /hoʊst/ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun]
ofleteeOE
almousOE
houselOE
yieldOE
lakeOE
offeringOE
offeranda1225
sacrificea1300
hosta1340
sacrifyingc1374
mannaa1382
incense1382
oblationc1425
hostie1483
obleya1500
sacrificy?c1510
immolation1534
offerture1537
offrage1548
mactation1563
offertory1596
sacrificing1601
litation1623
elibation1656
sacrification1694
sacrificature1779
society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun] > one who or that which undergoes
offeringOE
offering-lakec1175
offeranda1225
sacrificec1250
hosta1340
presenta1400
hostie1483
victim1497
obleya1500
offer1548
offrage1548
oblation1561
human sacrifice1569
anathema1573
victimate1583
immolation1586
deodatea1600
vict1639
anatheme1655
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun] > as sacrifice or victim
blood of Christc1384
ransoma1400
crucifix14..
satisfaction1542
sacrifice-offerera1560
Man of Sorrows1577
host1653
victim1736
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxvi. 11 I offird in his tabernakile þe hoste of heghynge of voice.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Pet. ii. 5 To offre spiritual hoostes [gloss or offringes] acceptable to God bi Jhesu Crist.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Philipp. iv. 18 A couenable oost, or sacrifice, plesynge to God.
c1430 Life St. Kath. (1884) 44 Þat I myght offre my self an acceptable oost to hym.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Sacram. ii, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 448 Let us..offer always to God the host or sacrifice of praise by Christ.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. Fathers in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. 508 Anon, said Isaac..But wher's your Hoste?
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxiii. vi. 232 To goe unto the altars, or to handle an ost or sacrifice.
1653 Ld. Vaux tr. A. Godeau Life St. Paul 310 Jesus Christ having once offered the Host of His body, is seated at the right hand of God.
2. Ecclesiastical. The bread consecrated in the Eucharist, regarded as the body of Christ sacrificially offered; a consecrated wafer. Also applied to the wafer before consecration (quots. 1687, 1881).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun]
fleshc1000
ofleteOE
mannaa1200
breada1225
bread of lifea1300
host1303
bodya1325
obleya1325
God's bodya1387
cakec1390
singing bread1432
bread of wheata1450
singing loaf1530
God's bread1535
bread god?1548
round robin?1548
holy bread1552
singing cake1553
Jack-in-the-box1554
wafer-cake?1554
wafer1559
wafer-bread1565
breaden god1570
mass cake1579
wafer-god1623
hostel1624
maker1635
hostie1641
oblata1721
altar bread1839
prosphora1874
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 8849 He stode and heylde þe oste.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 9 He ordeyned þat þe oyst schulde be of þerf brede.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) Introd. 7 The sacred oost is no maner breed, but either nowȝt, or accident withouten ony subiect.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. XXXiiv The host, betokeneth the body of Christe.
a1583 E. Grindal Remains (1843) (modernized text) 46 If a little mouse get an host, he will crave no more meat to his dinner.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 164 They make their Hosts of Flower kned with Wine and Oil.
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 274 Such as scruple to kneel at the Host.
1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 19 Omitting the words which convey the idea of a sacrifice, and the ceremony of the elevation of the host.
1881 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (new ed.) I. x. 191 An apothecary, who also was useful to the Catholics, making ‘Hosts’ for them.
Compounds
attributive, as (sense 2) host-bearer, host-cup.
ΚΠ
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 465/1 Host Cup.
1890 O. Crawfurd Round Calendar in Portugal 4 The solemn chant of the Host-Bearers.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† hostv.1
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To gather into a host; to assemble in battle array, to encamp. (Cf. hosting n.)
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > levy or mobilize
make?a1160
host1297
arear1366
araisec1386
raisea1425
to call to account1434
rearc1450
levyc1500
riga1513
erect1520
leave1590
to call to arms1592
compound1614
re-embody1685
mobilize1853
remobilize1886
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > draw up (troops) > in battle array
setc1275
host1297
ordainc1300
devisec1325
battle1330
arraya1375
stuffc1390
addressa1393
embattle1393
fit?a1400
stedilla1400
fewterc1440
to pitch (also set) a fielda1500
order1509
pitcha1513
deraign1528
marshal1543
re-embattle1590
size1802
form1816
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1190 Betere hom adde ibe at rome, þan iiousted [MS.B. y osted] þere.
c1425 Eng. Conq. Irel. 16 The whill the host was thus in Ossory..these tweyn, as har wone was, weren both I-hosted to-gedderes.
2. intransitive. To be assembled or gather in a host.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > form or reform [verb (intransitive)] > form in battle array
host1430
embattle1601
1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) ii. i. 42 a As they lay hostyng Not farre asonder, and Saul lay an slepe.
1787 J. Barlow Vision of Columbus vi. 173 With scanty force, where should he lift the steel, While hosting foes immeasurably wheel?
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
hostv.2
/həʊst/, U.S. /hoʊst/ 1.
a. transitive. To receive (any one) into one's house and entertain as a guest. Also, to receive into one's town, country, etc.; to be the host at (a party, dinner, etc.); to compère (a television show, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > hospitality > show hospitality to [verb (transitive)]
gestena1300
lodgec1325
cherishc1330
guestc1330
to give cheera1393
harbry14..
callc1430
uptakea1470
recueil1477
host1485
entertain1490
to set forth1526
harbour1534
retainc1540
treata1578
water1742
sport1826
have1868
hospitize1895
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > performer > perform [verb (transitive)] > compère
host1485
society > leisure > social event > hospitality > hospitable person > be host or hostess at [verb (transitive)]
give1523
matronize1877
host1958
1485 Act 1 Hen. VII c. 10 §3 That no Straunger..shuld oste or take to sojourne with hym within this Realme of England any Merchaunt Straunger.
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. xii. sig. Sviv Fuluius..caused him to be hosted with a worshipfull man.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. viii. sig. H2 Such was that Hag, vnmeet to host such guests. View more context for this quotation
1613 T. Milles tr. P. Mexia et al. Treasurie Auncient & Moderne Times 20/2 Nowhere should he account himselfe eyther a Stranger, or to be Hosted.
1894 R. Leighton Wreck Golden Fleece 61 They [fishing smacks] were ‘hosted’ by Lowestoft merchants, to whom they sold their fish.]
1939 John o' London's Weekly 7 Apr. 42/3 I am not surprised that Messrs. Auden and Isherwood came away with a sense of deep and humble respect for the people and the country who had hosted them.
1957 J. Kerouac On the Road i. xiii. 87 He went right out and bought a pint of whisky to host me proper.
1958 I. Asimov Whiff of Death (1968) vi. 55 Those comments applying to him were read at the celebration dinner hosted (invariably) by Anson himself.
1967 Boston Sunday Herald 26 Mar. i. 12/2 Dorchester man has been hosting a series of unusual farewell parties.
1967 Boston Globe 30 Mar. 15/2 The delegation of 25 men and women..will be hosted by the Greater Boston Chamber of Commerce and Burlington town officials.
1967 New Yorker 1 Apr. 129 (advt.) Bob Hope hosts the annual Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presentation.
1969 N. Cohn Pop from Beginning ix. 87 He made one hundred and fifty thousand dollars a year. Sold Murray the K T-shirts and hosted albums of Murray the K's Golden Gassers.
1969 New Yorker 29 Mar. 24/1 Let us host you at the Kahala Hilton, on one of Oahu's most beautiful beaches.
1969 Guardian 19 July 9/1 There will be David Frost, hosting ITV's night-long bonanza of touchdown and pop stars.
1973 Times 9 Feb. 8/8 The session was hosted by Mr. William Fulbright.
b. intransitive. To play the host.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > hospitality > hospitable person > act as host or hostess [verb (intransitive)]
host1868
hostess1946
1868 Bp. Wilberforce in Coll. & Recoll. (1898) xv. 202 The great power of charming and pleasant host-ing possessed by Salisbury.
1957 Time 2 Sept. 34/2 Critic John Crosby, currently on leave from his TV syndicated column to polish up on his broadcast manners, will host.
1962 H. Kane Killer's Kiss xxviii. 216 I must do a bit more hosting—I'm expecting some special people.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > at the house of another, an inn, etc.
gesten?c1225
innc1390
host?c1450
bait1477
to be (or lie) at hosta1500
hostela1500
sojourn1573
to take up1607
guest?1615
to set upa1689
to keep up1704
to put up1706
lodge1749
room1809
hotel1889
dig1914
motel1961
society > leisure > social event > hospitality > guest > be guest [verb (intransitive)]
gesten?c1225
host?c1450
guest?1615
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 3978 He ostyd at haly eland.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Div Great boste and smal roste, Maketh vnsauery mouthes, where euer men oste.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. ii. 9 Goe beare it to the Centaure, where we host . View more context for this quotation
a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) vi. 386 Antiochus, falling in love with..the daughter of Cleoptolemus, where he hosted.
Draft additions June 2015
transitive. Electronics. To accommodate the connection of or provide a service for (a subsidiary device). Also Computing: to store (a website, software, data, etc.) on a server or other computer so that it can be accessed over the internet; (of a computer) to serve as a host for (cf. host n.2 Additions a).
ΚΠ
1983 Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. 62 1497 The No. 10A Remote Switching System (RSS) had brought a new dimension to telephone switching in the rural area. The capability to host a 10A RSS was first made available on the metropolitan switches.
1987 Network World 23 Mar. 21/2 The 5100/R is based on Motorola, Inc. 68000 microprocessors and appears to host processors as an IBM channel-to-channel adapter.
1990 IEEE Aerospace Applic. Conf.: Digest Abstr. 32 In order to reduce the adverse impact to GPS users of hosting a new software (S/W) release..on the operational computer [etc.].
1995 .net June 49/1 You could approach third parties to design and code your pages, then rent space on an existing server hosting a busy Website.
2000 Internet Money No. 15. 122 (advt.) We can host your secure site on one of our servers or through co-locating your server.
2013 C. Doctorow Homeland xiv. 332 I figured the first thing to do was get us spanned out across a lot of cloud servers. My predecessor had gotten us hosted on Amazon's cloud.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1290n.2c1290
n.31382
n.41303v.11297
v.2?c1450