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单词 hi
释义

† hipron.1

Forms:

α. Old English (early Middle English south-east midlands) hie, late Old English hye.

β. Old English hig, Old English hige (rare), Old English hyg (rare), Old English (Middle English south-eastern) hy, Old English–Middle English hi, early Middle English hiȝ.

γ. Old English hio (rare), Old English (rare)–early Middle English (chiefly south-west midlands) heo, early Middle English hyo.

δ. Old English hea (Northumbrian, rare), Old English hia (non-West Saxon), Old English hiae (Mercian), Old English hiæ (Anglian), Old English hię (Northumbrian), Old English hiea (rare).

ε. south-west midlands early Middle English ha.

ζ. south-west midlands early Middle English ho, early Middle English hoe, early Middle English hu, early Middle English hw.

η. early Middle English þe (transmission error), Middle English he.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian hia ; for the further etymology see discussion at he pron., n.1, and adj. Compare, with different stem types, Gothic ija , and also Old Dutch sie , sia , Old Saxon sia , Old High German sia : see further discussion at he pron., n.1, and adj. and at hoo pron. and n.The Old English (West Saxon) accusative singular feminine forms hīe , hī are identical to the forms hīe , hī of the Old English (West Saxon) nominative and accusative plural (see hi pron.2), and distinct from the nominative singular feminine form hēo hoo pron. On use of the form hīe in nominative function and the likely causes for this see discussion at hoo pron. The Old English accusative form hīo , hēo , which is attested in Mercian and occasionally elsewhere (see γ. forms), represents an original nominative form, resulting from a partial merger of nominative and accusative forms in the feminine singular (compare discussion at hoo pron. and n.). Forms such as Middle English ho , hoe (see ζ. forms) similarly continue original nominative forms. The distinctive accusative form was gradually replaced by her pron.2 (originally the dative form) as direct object and in use with prepositions which earlier took a complement in the accusative: compare her pron.2 1c, her pron.2 1b.
Obsolete.
The objective case of the third person singular feminine pronoun, corresponding to the subjective hoo pron.: = her pron.2 1, 2a. Also reflexive: = her pron.2 3.
ΚΠ
eOE (Kentish) Will of Abba (Sawyer 1482) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 3 Gif min wiif ðonne hia nylle mid clennisse swæ gehaldan..ðonne foen mine megas to ðem londe.
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xxxix. 16 (15) Qui quęrunt animam meam ut auferant eam : ða ðe soecað sawle mine ðæt hie afirren hie.
eOE Old Eng. Martyrol. (BL Add. 23211) 18 Apr. 57 Ða feoll his modor ufan on his lic[homan]..; se casere hio heht gemartyria[n].
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. ix. 18 Inpone manum super eam : onsett hond ofer hia [OE Rushw. heo, OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. hig, c1200 Hatton hyo].
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 23 Forlæt hig [OE Lindisf. hia, OE Rushw. hiæ, c1200 Hatton hyo] forþam heo [OE Rushw. hiæ, c1200 Hatton hyo] clypað æfter us.
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1037 Baldwine eorl hi ðær wel underfeng & hig þær geheold þa hwile ðe hire neod wæs.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1048 Se cyng..betæhte hy his swyster to Hwerwillon.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1100 Se arcebiscop Ansealm hi him bewæddade & siððan to cwene gehalgode.
a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 223 Adam hi nemnede eua.
a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 215 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 173 (MED) Þa þe godes milce secheð he iwis mei ha ifinden.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1591 Ich heo [c1300 Otho hire, i.e. Cordelia] wulle þe biwiten & senden ha [c1300 Otho hire] þe in ane scipe.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 22 He hoe [sc. þe boc] ȝef þare æðelen Ælienor.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 939 And sat sum del & heo bi þohte.
a1300 Passion our Lord 435 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 49 (MED) Þe knyhtes..bitauhten him þe rode..He ber heo on his schuldre.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 132 To healde hy [sc. þe erthe] op hyt nys no ned.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 98 (MED) Senne hys swete and lykeþ, Wanne a man hi deþ.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† hipron.2

Forms: 1.

α. Old English hea (Northumbrian), Old English hiae (non-West Saxon), Old English hiæ (chiefly Anglian), Old English hię (Anglian), Old English hige (rare), Old English hið (Northumbrian, transmission error), Old English (Northumbrian)–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) hia, Old English–Middle English hie, Old English (rare)–Middle English hye, Middle English ihe (perhaps transmission error).

β. Old English–early Middle English hio, Old English–Middle English heo, Old English (rare)–Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) hieo, late Old English hioe, late Old English–early Middle English hyo.

γ. Old English hig, Old English hyg (rare), Old English–Middle English hi, Old English–Middle English hy, late Old English–Middle English hii, early Middle English h (transmission error), early Middle English þi (transmission error), Middle English hiȝ, Middle English hij, Middle English hiy (south-western), Middle English hyȝ (south-western), Middle English hyi (south-western), Middle English hyy, Middle English i, Middle English y; Irish English (Wexford) 1700s h', 1700s hi.

δ. Old English hę (Northumbrian, rare), Old English (rare)–Middle English he, early Middle English e, early Middle English heȝ, Middle English hee, Middle English hei, Middle English hey.

ε. chiefly south-west midlands and south-western Middle English ho, Middle English hoe, Middle English hue, Middle English hui, Middle English huy.

ζ. Middle English ȝe (Essex), Middle English ȝeo (Worcestershire), Middle English ȝey (Hampshire).

2. Combined (sometimes in contracted form) with a following word Middle English h-, Middle English he-, Middle English hi-, Middle English i-, Middle English y-. See also a pron.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Originally the nominative and accusative plural third person personal pronoun form. Cognate with Old Frisian hia : on the further etymology see discussion at he pron., n.1, and adj. Parallel in inflection are Gothic ijos , and also Old Saxon sia , Old High German sie (masculine), sio (feminine), siu (neuter): see further discussion at he pron., n.1, and adj.Replacement by other forms. See 'em pron. on the tendency for replacement by reflexes of the originally dative forms in all object functions (compare II.), although these were generally in turn replaced by the borrowed form them pron. See they pron. on the pattern of replacement by borrowed forms in subject functions. See a pron. on limited survival of an unstressed variant of this pronoun form as a subject form. Aside from these unstressed forms, the word is attested after the end of the Middle English period only in the highly conservative dialect of Wexford in Ireland in the 18th cent. Form history. Although the Old Frisian and Old English forms appear to be essentially parallel, some details with regard to the interpretation of the different forms found in Old English dialects are uncertain and disputed. Early West Saxon shows two sets of forms, of which the more common is hīe , hī (see Forms 1α and 1γ), beside hēo , hīo (see Forms 1β). West Saxon hēo , hīo apparently represents an original neuter plural form, in which the inflectional ending -u has merged with the vowel of the base to form a diphthong (compare Old High German nominative and accusative neuter plural siu ). However no trace of its original function remains in Old English, which does not distinguish gender in the plural of the third person pronoun. The form hīe probably originally shows a nominative and accusative masculine plural ending -e ( < -æ ; by analogy with the strong adjective ending). In West Saxon, this has perhaps merged with the vowel of the base to form a diphthong īe , of which West Saxon ī would be an expected variant and late West Saxon ȳ an expected reflex. However, it is possible that West Saxon hī reflects a separate development, at least in part, perhaps showing phonological loss (rather than merger) of the inflectional ending -e . The form hī is frequent in late West Saxon; moreover hī is occasionally also found in non-West Saxon dialects. Late West Saxon hig also represents a spelling for hī . Early attestations of hē , a form that is attested already in the mid 10th cent. in the Royal Psalter (see Forms 1δ and compare quot. eOE at sense 1δ. ), probably represent a form of hī laxed in low stress (whereas in later use such forms are more likely to reflect monophthongization of hēo ). The forms corresponding to West Saxon hīe in Anglian are early Mercian hīe , early Northumbrian (runic) hīæ ; however, these Anglian forms are usually assumed to be disyllabic rather than showing a diphthong (if so, perhaps they represent a sequence of two short vowels). Forms corresponding to West Saxon hēo , hīo are also attested in Anglian (later Mercian hēo , hīo ) and Kentish (hīo ). Later Mercian and later Northumbrian show considerable variation in form, apparently reflecting reduction of the vowel or vowels in earlier hīe in low stress and perhaps also unrounding of the second element of the diphthong in hīo . For possible interpretations of the form hieo , see discussion at hoo pron. and n. It has been suggested that the later Northumbrian form hīa (see Forms 1α) is an alteration after þā tho pron.1 For further discussion see R. M. Hogg Gram. Old Eng. (1992) I. §146–7, R. M. Hogg & R. D. Fulk Gram. Old Eng. (2011) II. §5.17(2)–(3), and also A. S. C. Ross in Leeds Stud. in Eng. 4 (1935) 14–23. In Middle English the pronoun survives only in non-northern dialects and the development of the forms largely parallels that of hi pron.1 and hoo pron.; compare discussion at those entries. Although the Old English type hēo , hīo is attested in all relevant dialects (Mercian, West Saxon, and Kentish), it appears to be generally less frequent than hīe and comparable forms, and it is possible that forms such as Middle English hē (see Forms 1δ), ho (see Forms 1ε), and ȝe (see Forms 1ζ), which appear to show the reflex of Old English hēo rather than Old English hīe , are partly due to reinforcement by the model of hoo pron. as well as directly continuing their Old English antecedent. For forms with initial ȝ- (see Forms 1ζ) compare discussion of similar forms at hoo pron. and n. Like hoo pron. and other personal pronouns, the third person plural pronoun also shows forms that reflect reduction of the vowel in low stress; see a pron.
Obsolete (regional in later use).
The subjective and objective case of the third person plural pronoun (subsequently replaced by they, them).
I. Subjective uses.
1. As subject: = they pron. 1.
ΚΠ
α.
eOE (Kentish) Charter: Oswulf & Beornðryð to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 1188) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 2 Aec ic bebeode minum aefterfylgendum..ðaet hiae simle ymb xii monað..gegeorwien ten hund hlafa.
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xxi. 16 Ipsi uero considerauerunt et conspexerunt me : hie soðlice sceawedun & gelocadon me.
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 755 Þa cuędon hie þæt hie hie þæs ne onmunden.
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xxiii. 5 Ut uideantur : þætte hia [OE Rushw. hię] sie gesene.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 51 Efter þan þe hie weren wuniende in ierusalem..þo hie forleten godes lore.
c1200 ( West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Hatton) ix. 24 Hye [OE Corpus Cambr. hig] teldan hine.
c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 220 Hie answerden and seyde, ‘lord, for we ne fonden te dai þat us herde.’
c1330 Sir Orfeo (Auch.) (1966) 91 (MED) Kniȝtes urn and levedis also, Damisels sexti and mo, In þe orchard to þe quene hye come & her vp in her armes nome.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 17 As hi habbeþ deuocioun, And hie god fey takeþ.
a1500 (?c1300) Northern Passion (Harl. 215) 364 Also he sholde do ech bi oþer Also ihe [c1450 Vesp. hij] were suster & broþer.
β. eOE (Kentish) Will of Ealdorman Ælfred (Sawyer 1508) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 14 Eghwylc þara ęrfewearda þe ęfter him to ðęm londe foe, þonne ageofen hio þa ilcan elmessan to Cristes cirican.eOE Battle of Brunanburh (Parker) 48 Mid heora herelafum hlehhan ne þorftun þæt heo [OE Tiber. A.vi hie, OE Tiber. B.i hi] beaduweorca beteran wurdun on campstede.OE Cynewulf Elene 166 Hio him ondsware ænige ne meahton agifan togenes.OE Charter: Abp. Oswald to Beornheah (Sawyer 1363) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 132 We ealle halsigað on Godes naman þæt hio nænig mann þæs ne bereafige þa hwile þe hieo lifien.c1200 ( West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Hatton) x. 1 He sealde heom unclænre gaste anweald þæt hyo [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. hig] adrifen hyo ut.c1200 Serm. in Eng. & Germanic Stud. (1961) 7 63 Heo veren of drede for þet muchele licth þet heo iseȝen.a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 223 Nare hio [OE Cambr. Gg.3.28 hi] blinde ȝescapene.1258 Proclam. Henry III in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1868–9) 19 We hoaten alle vre treowe in þe treowþe þæt heo vs oȝen þæt heo stedefæstliche healden..isetnesses.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 93 He wes king & heo quen & kine-lond heo welden.a1300 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Jesus Oxf.) (1935) l. 66 & alle heo [c1275 Calig. ho] þe dryueþ heonne.c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1979 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 163 Þis kniȝtes..wenden heom to Caunterburi..; A luyte bi-fore compelin to seint thomas heo come.c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 283 (MED) Þenne þei seȝen Ihesu crist in þat ilke foorme, þat heo seȝen him..whon heo furst comen.a1425 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Linc. Inn) (1927) l. 811 Heo þat þer weoren wiste nouȝt alle..what wolde byfalle.a1450 Castle of Love (Bodl. Add.) (1967) l. 1542 Woll whalles and grete fysshes..Gedryn hem on þe watur...Heo wolleþ..crye vp to heuyn.γ. eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 887 Hi cuędon þæt hie þæt to his honda healdan sceoldon.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 179 God..let hi habban agenne cyre swa hi [a1225 Vesp. A.xxii y] heora scyppend lufedon & filidon.OE Blickling Homilies 123 Hy þa up on þone heofon æfter urum Drihtne locodan.OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 24 Hig [OE Bodl. 441 hi] tældon hyne.?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Hi hadden him manred maked & athes suoren.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1115 I funden [c1300 Otho hii funde] þa þreo maidenes.c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) 5144 Hii [c1275 Calig. heo] flowen forþ-rihtes, þat i comen to þan Peutes.c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 46 Ere hy þys ordre [sc. lector] haue, Me schel hy wel assaye, Of þat hy redeþ þat hy wel Ham conne aueye.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1014 (MED) Sory wer þey for hi ne miȝt hure pruwesse fulfille þore.a1400 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 217 (MED) For myne frendes i bidde the, That hiȝ mote amended be.c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. i. l. 189 (MED) Aren no men auarousere [= more avaricious] þan hij [sc. chaplains] whan þei ben auaunced.a1425 (?c1400) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 110 Þes ypocrites seyeþ þat hy kepeþ here reule.1448 Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Arms) 251 Hii made a kynge's fourme, and hym al hol with ynne.a1500 Agnus Castus (Laud) (1950) 202 Saturion minor..hath leues lich to ȝekes bot hij buth lengour and nouȝt fullich so brode.c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) 477 Ichon of hem haþ told me a tale of þat oþer, Of her wicked lijf in werlde þat hy lybbeþ. 1789 C. Vallancey Vocab. Lang. Forth & Bargie in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 1788 2 Antiquities 38 Hi kinket an keilt [= they kicked and rolled]... T' brek up ee bathes, h' had na poustee [= to break up the sticks they had no power].δ. eOE Royal Psalter xvii. 18 [Quoniam] confortati sunt [super me] : he wæron strangode.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 755 He [eOE Parker hie] ealle on ðone cining feohtende wæron.?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Alle he wæron forsworen & here treothes forloren.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 129 He ne wuneð noht on hem, ne he on him.?c1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 109 (MED) Ne cuþen hey him nout cnowe.a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 232 Ðe hertes hauen anoðer kinde..: alle he arn off one mode.?1316 Short Metrical Chron. (Royal) l. 33 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II. 271 Geauntz her wonede..Schep he heden ase hors gret.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) 4094 Ðan e gunnen fro egipte gon.a1400 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 256 (MED) Hey Priuetz gritliche; Hey Robbetz holliche.c1425 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Harl.) 16 To hem he sende hys sonde, To wyte, weþer he wold pes, oþer heo nolde non.a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xlii. l. 76 And whanne they syen he Wolde not so..Of here vyandes thanne ȝoven hee.a1500 (a1450) Partonope of Blois (BL Add.) (1912) l. 9516 Her squyers be-fore hem he [a1450 Univ. Oxf. they] sente.c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) l. 471 But oþer cures of Cristen þei coveten nouȝt to haue, But þere as wynnynge lijþ he lokeþ none oþer.ε. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 79 A mon..fol imong þoues, ho him bireueden and ho him ferwundeden.a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 98 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 165 (MED) Nabbeð hi naþing forȝeten of al þet ho iseȝen.c1250 in Stud. Philol. (1931) 28 596 Hoe loued to muchel here catel, ne dorren hoe tamen hit neuer a del.c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 76 Þin eȝene boþ colblake & brode, Riȝt swo ho weren ipeint mid wode.c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) l. 50 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 4 Ne dwelden huy nouȝt after ful longue, Huy token with heom þat neod was.a1350 (?c1225) King Horn (Harl.) (1901) l. 1486 Hue gurden huem wiþ suerde Hue eoden..Towart þe castele.a1400 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 267 Man & wimman han on ende; For, esye he comun al; esye ho ssuln wende.a1400 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 257 Þe ȝates of Parais..Aȝein hui beoþ nouþe open.?c1475 (a1402) J. Trevisa Gospel of Nicodemus (Salisbury) f. 133 Ðer were wychches Ianmes & Mambres, & huy [a1425 BL Add. þey] dode wondres.c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) 615 Þo freres, for þei ben ner dede..Þanne ho waryeþ & wepeþ & wicheþ after heuen.ζ. a1300 Sayings St. Bernard (Bodl. Add.) (1970) 306 Ȝe haten & dronken & maden hem glad, here Lyf was al wyt ioȝe ilad.
II. Objective uses.
2. As object: = them pron. 1. Cf. 'em pron. 2.
ΚΠ
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xvi. 12 (13) Exurge, domine, praeueni eos, et subuerte eos : aris, dryhten, forecym hie & forcer hie.
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xviii. 137 He us warode & lærde..ðætte ðonne hira niehstan ðurh hie beoð gereorde & gearode ðæt hie selfe ne fæsten ðæs hlafes ryhtwisnesse.
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 787 On his dagum cuomon ærest iii scipu, & þa se gerefa þærto rad & hie wolde drifan to þæs cyninges tune.
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. x. 26 Ne ergo timueritis eos : ne forðon ondredes ge hia uel ða [OE Rushw. hiae].
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 964 Her dræfde Eadgar cyng þa preostas on Ceastre of Ealdanmynstre & of Niwanmynstre..& sette hy mid munecan.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xix. 325 He..geceas þa twelf leorningcnihtas.., & þurh hi ealne cristendom astealde.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 25 Þa clypode se Hælend hig [c1200 Hatton hyo] to him.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 5 Ealle heora worc hig doð þæt menn hi [c1200 Hatton hyo] geseon.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 51 (MED) He..sende hie in to babilonie to þralshipe.
?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 47 Nim þann aeȝru and swing ho togædere mid þam wyrtum and mid þan pipore.
c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 220 Ha sente hi into his wynyarde.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 157 To his sune he heo [c1300 Otho ham] draf.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1518 Ouer swiþe þu hi herest.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 13 Wreþe..enuie [etc.]..he wiþ-stent hi alle.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 16 Þe foend fondeþ hy so.
3. reflexive. = them pron. 2.Sometimes with reciprocal force: (to) each other.
ΚΠ
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lxxii. 22 (27) Qui elongant se a te peribunt : ða afirrað hie from ðe forweorðað.
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 540 Her sunne aþiestrode..& steorran hie oðiewdon fulneah healfe tid ofer undern.
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) xviii. 7 He eode ut ongean Iethro..& hi gegretton hi [L. salutaveruntque se mutuo] gesibsumum wordum.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 11 Hi aðenedon hi [OE Cambr. Univ. Libr. hig, c1200 Hatton hyo], & hi to him gebædon.
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 925 Her Æþelstan cyning & Sihtric Norðhymbra cyng heo gesamnodon æt Tameweorðþige.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1094 Þa wylisce menn hi gegaderodon & wið þa Frencisce..gewinn up ahofon.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1257 Hwi wulleþ men of me himene Þah ich mid soþe heo a wene.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

hiadj.

Brit. /hʌɪ/, U.S. /haɪ/
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: high adj.
Etymology: Phonetic respelling of high adj. With later use compare hi-fi adj.Compare also earlier use of hi as a spelling for high adj. or high adv. in representations of regional speech (compare quots. 1871 and 1882 at lo adj.).
Originally U.S.
Chiefly in advertising or commercial contexts: = high adj. Frequently in compounds, as hi-def, hi-res, hi-top. Compare lo adj.hi-fi, hi-octane: see as main entries. hi-tec(h): see high-tech adj. and n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective]
faireOE
bremea1000
goodlyOE
goodfulc1275
noblec1300
pricec1300
specialc1325
gentlec1330
fine?c1335
singulara1340
thrivena1350
thriven and throa1350
gaya1375
properc1380
before-passinga1382
daintiful1393
principala1398
gradelya1400
burlyc1400
daintyc1400
thrivingc1400
voundec1400
virtuousc1425
hathelc1440
curiousc1475
singlerc1500
beautiful1502
rare?a1534
gallant1539
eximious1547
jolly1548
egregious?c1550
jellyc1560
goodlike1562
brawc1565
of worth1576
brave?1577
surprising1580
finger-licking1584
admirablea1586
excellinga1586
ambrosial1598
sublimated1603
excellent1604
valiant1604
fabulous1609
pure1609
starryc1610
topgallant1613
lovely1614
soaringa1616
twanging1616
preclarent1623
primea1637
prestantious1638
splendid1644
sterling1647
licking1648
spankinga1666
rattling1690
tearing1693
famous1695
capital1713
yrare1737
pure and —1742
daisy1757
immense1762
elegant1764
super-extra1774
trimming1778
grand1781
gallows1789
budgeree1793
crack1793
dandy1794
first rate1799
smick-smack1802
severe1805
neat1806
swell1810
stamming1814
divine1818
great1818
slap-up1823
slapping1825
high-grade1826
supernacular1828
heavenly1831
jam-up1832
slick1833
rip-roaring1834
boss1836
lummy1838
flash1840
slap1840
tall1840
high-graded1841
awful1843
way up1843
exalting1844
hot1845
ripsnorting1846
clipping1848
stupendous1848
stunning1849
raving1850
shrewd1851
jammy1853
slashing1854
rip-staving1856
ripping1858
screaming1859
up to dick1863
nifty1865
premier cru1866
slap-bang1866
clinking1868
marvellous1868
rorty1868
terrific1871
spiffing1872
all wool and a yard wide1882
gorgeous1883
nailing1883
stellar1883
gaudy1884
fizzing1885
réussi1885
ding-dong1887
jim-dandy1888
extra-special1889
yum-yum1890
out of sight1891
outasight1893
smooth1893
corking1895
large1895
super1895
hot dog1896
to die for1898
yummy1899
deevy1900
peachy1900
hi1901
v.g.1901
v.h.c.1901
divvy1903
doozy1903
game ball1905
goodo1905
bosker1906
crackerjack1910
smashinga1911
jake1914
keen1914
posh1914
bobby-dazzling1915
juicy1916
pie on1916
jakeloo1919
snodger1919
whizz-bang1920
wicked1920
four-star1921
wow1921
Rolls-Royce1922
whizz-bang1922
wizard1922
barry1923
nummy1923
ripe1923
shrieking1926
crazy1927
righteous1930
marvy1932
cool1933
plenty1933
brahmaa1935
smoking1934
solid1935
mellow1936
groovy1937
tough1937
bottler1938
fantastic1938
readyc1938
ridge1938
super-duper1938
extraordinaire1940
rumpty1940
sharp1940
dodger1941
grouse1941
perfecto1941
pipperoo1945
real gone1946
bosting1947
supersonic1947
whizzo1948
neato1951
peachy-keen1951
ridgey-dite1953
ridgy-didge1953
top1953
whizzing1953
badass1955
wild1955
belting1956
magic1956
bitching1957
swinging1958
ridiculous1959
a treat1959
fab1961
bad-assed1962
uptight1962
diggish1963
cracker1964
marv1964
radical1964
bakgat1965
unreal1965
pearly1966
together1968
safe1970
bad1971
brilliant1971
fabby1971
schmick1972
butt-kicking1973
ripper1973
Tiffany1973
bodacious1976
rad1976
kif1978
awesome1979
death1979
killer1979
fly1980
shiok1980
stonking1980
brill1981
dope1981
to die1982
mint1982
epic1983
kicking1983
fabbo1984
mega1985
ill1986
posho1989
pukka1991
lovely jubbly1992
awesomesauce2001
nang2002
bess2006
amazeballs2009
boasty2009
daebak2009
beaut2013
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > [adjective] > great or considerable
higheOE
steepOE
heaven-highOE
highlyOE
brentc1400
hightc1480
hichty1513
procere1542
tall1548
spiringa1552
towereda1552
tower-like1552
upstretched1563
airy1565
excelse1569
haughty1570
topless1589
lofty1590
procerous1599
kiss-sky1603
skyish1604
topful?1611
aspiringc1620
sky-high1622
hiddy1632
tiptoed1632
sublime1635
towering1638
soaring1687
mountain high1693
clamberinga1717
skied1730
towery1731
pyramidic1740
skyey1750
skyward1792
skyscraping1797
exulting1798
high-reaching1827
steepling1892
high-rise1964
hi1972
1901 Daily News (Connersville, Indiana) 7 Sept. (advt.) Youths hi-cut shoes.
1911 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring–Summer 179/4 Hi-up battery. A very powerful cell for all forms of ignition work.
1925 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 16 Jan. 9/8 (advt.) Boys' moc-toe hi-top $2.98.
1930 Engineering 10 Jan. 63/3 This embodies the form of motor known as the Hicycle motor, that is, an alternating current induction motor, using a supply of a frequency of 180 cycles to 200 cycles.
1959 Sears, Roebuck Catal. Spring–Summer 87/4 Hi-Society—a glamorous new idea in lipstick!
1963 Times 12 Mar. p. xii/4 A new use for ball and chain. Known as the Hi-ball method, 100 acres of lightly timbered country can be cleared in a day.
1972 Guardian 3 Feb. 13/4 Kids prefer ‘hi-riser’ bicycles..with their apehanger handlebars and their drag style saddles.
1986 Texas Monthly Sept. 152/1 As a couple, Carl Bernstein and Nora Ephron had what those in the media call ‘hi viz’.
1993 P. Ouellette Deus Machine xxviii. 412 The control room with its multiple consoles and a large hi-res screen against the far wall.
2010 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 16 Sept. b14 (advt.) Introducing a revolutionary hi-def/low-bandwidth desktop interface.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

hiint.

Brit. /hʌɪ/, U.S. /haɪ/
Etymology: A parallel form to hey int.
1. An exclamation used to call attention.
ΘΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry or shout [interjection] > specific call or hail
heya1225
halec1300
hillaa1400
what hoc1405
hoc1430
oyeza1450
heh1475
hi?c1475
oy1488
whata1556
holla1598
sola1598
hillo1603
hallow1674
woo-hoo1697
hip1735
yo-ho1748
high1760
yo-heave-ho1790
holla ho!1796
whoo-ee1811
hello1826
tit1827
hullo1857
ahoy1885
yoo-hoo1924
hi-de-hi1941
?c1475 Hunt. Hare 136 Thei cryed, ‘Hy, hy!’ all at ones ‘Kyll! kyll! for kockes bownes!’
1747 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 39/1 Hold, hold, 'tis a double; hark hey! bowler hye! If a thousand gainsay it, a thousand shall lye.
1847 A. Smith Christopher Tadpole (1848) xxx. 267 ‘Hi!’ cried the brigand, giving the mule a bang with the butt-end of his musket. ‘Hi!’
1886 G. M. Fenn This Man's Wife ii. ii It was not a thrilling word..it was only a summons—an arrest. Hi!
1894 G. M. Fenn In Alpine Valley I. 47 Here, hi! have a cigar?
1897 Daily News 2 Oct. 3/3 A good lunch, and then hi! for the Crystal Palace.
2. A word of greeting. colloquial (chiefly North American).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > courteous expressions [interjection] > expressions of greeting
hailc1200
all haila1393
yoa1475
salutation1535
hail1604
chin chin1625
wassaila1643
hallo1841
hello1853
good day1857
hi1862
all right1868
g'day1894
'lo1913
ciao1929
hiya1940
hidey1941
well-done1971
wagwan1983
1862 M. D. Colt Went to Kansas ix. 143 When out on the prairie, up galloped an Indian on his pony with his saluting ‘hi!’
1885 ‘P. Perkins’ Familiar Lett. (1886) 33 We would have had to walk, I believe, if a man hadn't come along and let out the most satisfactory ‘Hi, there!’ you've ever heard, and stopped a car.
1920 F. S. Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise ii. i. 205 Alec: Hi, Amory! Amory: Hi, Alec! Tom said he'd meet you at the theatre.
1951 J. D. Salinger Catcher in Rye iii. 26 He..came in the room. ‘Hi,’ he said..like he was terrifically bored.
1953 H. Clevely Public Enemy xviii. 111 Tillic nodded to the uniformed commissionaire..and said: ‘Hi, Charlie,’ and they entered.
1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren vii. 116 Hi, Roy Rogers! How about a date?
1963 H. Garner in R. Weaver Canad. Short Stories (1968) 2nd Ser. 50 ‘Hi, Eric!’ shouted Pete Adams..from where he was standing at the drinking fountain.
1972 P. G. Wodehouse Pearls, Girls, & Monty Bodkin ii. 28 A musical voice in his left ear said ‘Hi’.
1973 Black Panther 11 Aug. 2/2 (letter to editor) Hi, I've been following serialization of Operation Gemstone in the Panther Paper.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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pron.1eOEpron.2eOEadj.1901int.?c1475
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