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单词 histo-
释义

histo-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: histology n.
Etymology: < histo- (in histology n.), ultimately < ancient Greek ἱστός mast, (upright) beam of a loom, (woven) web < ἵστασθαι , medio-passive of ἱστάναι to (cause to) stand (see stand v.).Attested in formations in the fields of biology and medicine from the mid 19th cent., earliest in histogeny n. Many of the earliest formations have models in German (as e.g. histogeny n., histogenesis n., histonomy n. ), although 19th-cent. borrowings and adaptations of words in French and scientific Latin also occur: compare e.g. histography n.1, histodialysis n. , histophysiology n. , etc. Most word groups in histo- comb. form apparently ultimately reflect formations in other languages, although compare e.g. histolysis n., histotrophic adj., histotropic adj., histophysics n., Histosol n. Compare German histo- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent.), scientific Latin histo- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent.), French histo- (formations in which are found from at least the mid 19th cent.).
Biology and Medicine.
Forming terms relating to the tissues of animals and plants.
histoblast n.
Brit. /ˈhɪstə(ʊ)blɑːst/
,
/ˈhɪstə(ʊ)blast/
,
U.S. /ˈhɪstəˌblæst/
[after French histoblaste ( J. Künckel d'Herculais Recherches sur l'organisation et développement des Volucelles (1875) iii. 143); compare German Histoblaston (1880 or earlier)] Entomology an imaginal disc or other group of undifferentiated cells in a larva, (in later use) spec. one involved in the formation of the adult abdomen.
ΚΠ
1881 G. Dimmock Anat. Mouth-parts Diptera 8 The studies of Weismann, Kunckel d'Herculais, and others, upon the histoblasts, or imaginal disks.
1890 B. T. Lowne Anat., Physiol., Morphol., & Devel. Blow-fly I. ii. 23 The nymph is practically a new embryo formed entirely from the imaginal discs and histoblasts of the larva.
1971 Developmental Biol. 26 273/2 Each tergite derives from two dorsal bilateral histoblasts or nests of imaginal cells.
2007 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 10488/1 In Drosophila, ectopic JH [= juvenile hormone] blocks only adult differentiation of the abdominal histoblasts, whereas the rest of the adult body that derives from imaginal discs is insensitive to JH.
histochemical adj.
Brit. /ˌhɪstə(ʊ)ˈkɛmᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌhɪstoʊˈkɛmək(ə)l/
of or relating to histochemistry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > study > [adjective] > biochemistry > branches of
histochemical1848
cytochemical1913
biogeochemical1929
palaeobiochemical1937
enzymological1956
ultracytochemical1963
1848 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 7 438 A clear, perfectly saturated solution of potash is one of the most important auxiliaries for histo-chemical investigations.
1948 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 35 226/2 A survey of histochemical patterns may supplement some of the fundamental histological and organogenic gradients described by Prat.
2008 R. L. Peterson et al. Teaching Plant Anat. 132/1 Some stains are used as histochemical tests in which the colour reaction produced indicates the chemical nature of the substance stained.
histochemically adv.
Brit. /ˌhɪstə(ʊ)ˈkɛmᵻkli/
,
U.S. /ˌhɪstoʊˈkɛmək(ə)li/
as regards histochemistry; by histochemical means.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > study > [adverb] > biochemistry
biochemically1848
histochemically1865
ultracytochemically1981
1865 Chicago Med. Examiner 6 739 It will be manifest that treatment must in the main be nutritive—histochemically speaking—and that waste is quite as essential as reparation.
1955 Brain 78 327 Lafora bodies (intracellular amyloid bodies) were encountered, and were examined histochemically.
2001 J. M. W. Slack Essent. Developmental Biol. vii. 84 The enzyme activity is stable to paraffin wax embedding so it can be visualized histochemically in sections.
histochemistry n.
Brit. /ˌhɪstə(ʊ)ˈkɛmᵻstri/
,
U.S. /ˌhɪstoʊˈkɛməstri/
[after German Histochemie (1846 or earlier)] the study of the chemical constituents and properties of tissues and cells, typically by the use of special staining methods; a branch of histology dealing with this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > study > [noun] > biochemistry > branches of
histochemistry1853
molecular biology1884
cytochemistry1900
enzymology1900
hormonology1918
biogeochemistry1935
palaeobiochemistry1954
immunocytochemistry1961
ultracytochemistry1965
1853 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 11 81 The third volume embraces two distinct subjects—namely, ‘Histochemistry’, and ‘Zoochemical Processes’.
1953 A. G. E. Pearse Histochem. p. v Histochemistry can transform the descriptive sciences of biology, histology, pathology and zoology into dynamic and functional sciences complementary to physiology and biochemistry.
2001 New Scientist 3 Feb. 103/1 (advt.) Candidates should have experience in one or more areas of molecular biology, histomorphometry or histochemistry.
histodialysis n.
Brit. /ˌhɪstə(ʊ)dʌɪˈalᵻsɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌhɪstoʊˌdaɪˈæləsəs/
(also †histodyalysis) [after scientific Latin histodialysis (1831 or earlier); compare dialysis n. 3b] rare (now disused) = histolysis n.
ΚΠ
1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 427/1 Histodyalysis,..a morbid dissolution of the tissues.
1857 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (rev. ed.) 463/1 Histodialysis.
1918 A. Hopewell-Smith Normal & Pathol. Histol. Mouth II. xi. 284 Frequently are seen the Gitter-figuren of Von Recklinghausen, viz., variously shaped lines or markings in the bone, depending upon its dissolution by the decalcification agents and indicating its histodialysis.
histodialytic adj. Obsolete rare = histolytic adj.
ΚΠ
1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 440/2 Histodialyticus,..of or belonging to Histodialysis: histodialytic.
1881 Trans. Med. Assoc. Georgia 122 These stadia of the histo-dialytic process.
histogenous adj.
Brit. /hɪˈstɒdʒᵻnəs/
,
U.S. /hɪˈstɑdʒənəs/
[after German histogen (1862 in the source of quot. 1869)] now rare produced by or originating in tissues; resulting from the formation of tissue.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > [adjective] > formed by
histogenous1869
1869 Med. Times & Gaz. 9 Jan. 46/1 The work of Gorup-Besanez is systematically arranged in four parts, treating respectively..(2) of the chemical constituents of the animal body including (α) the inorganic, (β) the histogenous, and (γ) those which result from disintegration.
1946 Nature 3 Aug. 147/2 Histogenous demarcation of infected tissue (for example, abscission in shot-hole disease of peach and demarcation by cork layer in black root rot of tobacco).
1955 Mycologia 47 396 The cavity is crowded with conidia. These were described as histogenous, but those nearest the walls can be seen to develop on tiny papillate appendages.
histohaematin n.
Brit. /ˌhɪstə(ʊ)ˈhiːmətɪn/
,
/ˌhɪstə(ʊ)ˈhɛmətɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌhɪstoʊˈhiməd(ə)n/
,
/ˌhɪstoʊˈhɛməd(ə)n/
(also histohematin) Biochemistry (now historical) = cytochrome n. 2; cf. myohaematin n. at myo- comb. form .
ΚΠ
1885 C. A. MacMunn in Proc. Royal Soc. 39 248 Observations made on the spectra of the organs and tissues..have brought to light the presence of a series of animal colouring matters. The name histohæmatins is proposed for all these.
1925 D. Keilin in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 98 314 I have found that the pigment myo- or histohæmatin not only exists, but has much wider distribution and importance than was ever anticipated even by MacMunn.
2004 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1655 235/1 Because these bands responded similarly to physiological stimuli, he [sc. Macmunn] ascribed them to a single compound that he called histohematin.
histometabasis n.
Brit. /ˌhɪstə(ʊ)mᵻˈtabəsɪs/
,
/ˌhɪstə(ʊ)mɛˈtabəsɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌhɪstoʊməˈtæbəsəs/
Palaeontology (now historical and rare) a state of fossilization in which fine details of the tissues are preserved; permineralization retaining cellular or tissue structure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > organism > fossil > [noun] > fossilization
fossilization1817
fossilification1835
fossilizing1844
fossilation1861
histometabasis1893
1893 C. A. White in U.S. Nat. Mus. Ann. Rep. 1892 264 The term histometabasis is applied to that condition of fossilization in which an exchange of the original substance for another has occurred in such a manner as to retain or reproduce the minute and even the microscopic texture of the original.
1917 R. S. Lull Org. Evol. xxv. 412 The resultant fossil retains..not only the external form but the histologic characters (histometabasis..) of the original structure as well.
1975 Rev. Palaeobot. & Palynol. 20 29 The illusion has been perpetuated by disciples of Charles A. White..who coined the term ‘histometabasis’.
histomorphological adj.
Brit. /ˌhɪstə(ʊ)mɔːfəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌhɪstoʊˌmɔrfəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
[after French histomorphologique (C. Golgi 1882, in Archives italiennes de biologie 2 244)] of or relating to the morphology of normal or abnormal tissues.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > study > [adjective] > morphology
morphological1830
morphographic1857
histomorphological1883
promorphological1883
morphographical1888
1883 tr. C. Golgi in Alienist & Neurologist 4 387 Other histomorphological particulars..are..of clear significance, from the point of view of our knowledge as to the mode of origin of the nervous fibres.
1905 Med. Press & Circular 14 June 612/1 This definition..accurately defines the histo-morphological characteristics of carcinoma.
2006 Jrnl. Cell Biol. 175 726/2 Cryosections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histomorphological evaluation.
histomorphology n.
Brit. /ˌhɪstə(ʊ)mɔːˈfɒlədʒi/
,
U.S. /ˌhɪstoʊˌmɔrˈfɑlədʒi/
[after French histomorphologie (1878 or earlier)] the morphology of normal or abnormal tissues.
ΚΠ
1889 Cent. Dict. Histomorphology, the morphology of organic tissues; histology, with special reference to the forms assumed by various tissues.
1960 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Apr. 1272/2 One would wish for much more objective information about the tumours, with special reference to their histomorphology.
2010 Anat. Rec. 293 1248 For the first time, the histomorphology of the penis bone of a bat (Plecotus austriacus) was examined in detail.
histomorphotic adj. Obsolete rare causing transformation into tissue.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > [adjective] > forming
histogenetic1844
histomorphotic1853
histotrophic1867
formative1877
1853 T. Williams in Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 12 483 Then, is it possible that there can inhere in albumen a mysterious histomorphotic power, in virtue of which it transmutes itself from the liquid into the solid condition?
histonomy n.
Brit. /hɪˈstɒnəmi/
,
U.S. /hɪˈstɑnəmi/
[after German Histonomie (1822 or earlier)] rare the establishment of the principles governing the formation and arrangement of tissues, (in later use) esp. by the use of extensive measurements.
ΚΠ
1845 S. Palmer Pentaglot Dict. 318/1 Histonomie, histonomy, the history of the laws which preside over the formation and arrangement of the organic tissues.
1959 S. T. Bok (title) Histonomy of the cerebral cortex.
histophyly n. [after German Histophylie (1877 or earlier)] Obsolete rare the evolutionary development of cells or tissues.
ΚΠ
1879 tr. E. Haeckel Evol. Man I. i. 24 Tribal history of cells..histophyly [Ger. Histophylie; ed. 1 Histophylogenie].
histophysiological adj.
Brit. /ˌhɪstə(ʊ)fɪzɪəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌhɪstoʊˌfɪziəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
[after German histophysiologisch (1853 or earlier)] of or relating to histophysiology.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > study > [adjective] > histology
histological1833
histologic1846
histiological1850
histographic1853
histographical1854
stœchiological1875
neurobiological1905
neurohistological1939
neurohistologic1940
histophysiological1963
1885 Lancet 14 Feb. 299/2 Dr. K. Mays: Histo-physiological Researches on the Distribution of Nerve in Muscle.
1963 E. Scharrer & B. Scharrer Neuroendocrinology v. 89 In adult animals the following histophysiological observations point in the same direction.
2007 Exper. Toxicol. & Pathol. 59 215 (title) Diazinon toxicity affects histophysiological and biochemical parameters in rabbits.
histophysiology n.
Brit. /ˌhɪstə(ʊ)fɪzɪˈɒlədʒi/
,
U.S. /ˌhɪstoʊˌfɪziˈɑlədʒi/
[after German Histophysiologie (1850 or earlier) or French histophysiologie (1876 or earlier)] the physiology of a tissue or tissues.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > study > [noun] > histology > branches of
histophysiology1878
neurohistology1897
neurobiology1906
1878 Trans. Homœopathic Med. Soc. N.Y. 417 (title) in Docs. Assembly State N.Y. (101st Session, Doc. No. 139) VII Histo-physiology of the pancreatic juice.
1908 Optical Rev. Sept. 81/1 We could lose nothing by the study of normal histology and histophysiology for to be informed as to the intimate structure of the tissues of the body.
2002 Compar. Biochem. & Physiol. B. 133 119 The daddy sculpin is a species where the histophysiology of the pancreatic islet parenchyma has previously been comprehensively studied.
histotomy n.
Brit. /hɪˈstɒtəmi/
,
U.S. /hɪˈstɑdəmi/
rare dissection of tissues.
ΚΠ
1845 S. Palmer Pentaglot Dict. 318/1 Histotomie, histotomy, dissection of the organic tissue.
1870 Chicago Med. Times 2 2 When we proceed to the separation of these tissues by instrumental means or otherwise, as in ‘teasing’ them out, microscopically, we practice Histotomy.
1914 Med. Summary 36 73/1 Histotomy, or tissue dissection, though invariably showing us the structural alterations, unfortunately is usually not an available aid in diagnosis.
histotoxic adj.
Brit. /ˌhɪstə(ʊ)ˈtɒksɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhɪstoʊˈtɑksɪk/
,
/ˌhɪstəˈtɑksɪk/
toxic or poisonous to tissues; spec. designating anoxic conditions caused by poisons that interfere with the metabolic use of oxygen.
ΚΠ
1931 J. P. Peters & D. D. Van Slyke Quantitative Clin. Chem. 579 With oxygen supply perfectly normal in all respects, anoxia may nevertheless occur if the tissue cells are poisoned in such a manner that they can not use the oxygen properly. This type, which we shall call histotoxic anoxia, occurs in poisoning by cyanide, alcohol and apparently certain other narcotics.
1962 Bacteriol. Rev. 26 236/2 Although many different clostridia have been identified, relatively few are truly histotoxic.
2004 P. A. Craig Multi-engine Flying (ed. 3) ix. 134 Two drinks at sea level will affect the body like six drinks at altitude. Histotoxic hypoxia and altitude hypoxia together are killers.
histozyme n.
Brit. /ˈhɪstə(ʊ)zʌɪm/
,
U.S. /ˈhɪstəˌzaɪm/
[after German Histozym (O. Schmiedeberg 1881, in Archiv f. exper. Pathol. u. Pharmakol. 14 382)] Biochemistry (now historical and rare) an enzyme found in body tissues that breaks down hippuric acid.
ΚΠ
1882 London Med. Rec. 15 Nov. 439/2 The decomposition of hippuric acid, the author [sc. Schmiedeberg] has found, depends on the presence of an unformed ferment, which he has named histozyme.
1912 O. Cohnheim Enzymes vi. 49 The hippuric acid is dissociated by histozyme, an enzyme found in the kidney by Schmiedeberg.
1954 Methods Enzymol. 2 115 (note) Acylase I is probably the enzyme previously referred to as hippuricase or histozyme.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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comb. form1845
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