approvev.¹

Brit.

/əˈpruːv/, U.S.

/əˈpruv/

Forms: Middle English–1600s aprove, Middle English–1500s approuve, 1500s–1600s approove, Middle English– approve.

Etymology: < Old French aprove-r (now approuver ) < Latin approbāre , adprobāre to make good, assent to as good, < ad to + probāre to try the goodness of, prove, < probus good. Compare appreve v. a form representing the tonic stem of the French as in appreuve ; and its past participle approven adj. In some senses the word appears to represent French éprouver , Old French esprover , not otherwise found in English. See a- prefix¹.

I. (= French approuver.)

†1. To make good (a statement or position); to show to be true, prove, demonstrate.

a. simply. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Micah vi. 9 Heere, ȝe lynagis; and who shal aproue it?

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. vi. 141 They had lerned to approue the daye and tyme whan suche thynges [eclipses] shold happe.

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xx. sig. F iij ^v The rule..may two wayes be approued geometrically..and arithmetically.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iii. §15. 517 Hee had approued..vnto the vulgar, the dignitie of his Science.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. x. 245 To approve the truth thereof against some who questioned him herein.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. v We demonstrate or approve our reckonings to other men.

†b. with subordinate clause. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)]

i-sothea925

soothec950

fanda1000

kitheOE

betell1048

showc1175

prove?c1225

treousec1275

stablisha1325

approve1340

verifyc1386

justifya1393

tryc1412

answer?a1425

appreve?c1450

to make gooda1470

convictc1475

averifyc1503

arguea1513

find1512

pree1515

comprobate1531

demonstrate1538

conclude1549

convince1555

argument1558

evict1571

avoucha1593

evidencea1601

remonstrate1601

clear1605

attaint1609

monstrate1609

evince1610

evince1611

improve1613

remonstrance1621

to make out1653

ascertain1670

to bring off1674

to make (something) to through1675

render1678

substantiatea1691

establisha1704

to bring out1727

realize1763

validate1775

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4746 Yhit for certayn approves noght he Þat þa fiften days of takens sal be.

1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton E iiij b I haue..approuyd that none may know the secretes of God.

1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον ii. 72 This aproves unto us, that order is a cheefe rule in memorie.

†c. with complement. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (intransitive)] > be proved to be

provec1300

verifya1387

approve1587

improve1612

bear1710

to turn up1756

to turn out1780

wash1849

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1345/2 He was approoued guiltie at his arreignment.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 245 One thing..Which must approue thee honest.

1644 P. Hunton Vindic. Treat. Monarchy iv. 20 I..doubt not to approve it firme truth.

1677 A. Marvell Let. 15 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 188 M^r Onslow was approved not to haue been culpable.

†2.

a. To attest (a thing) with some authority, to corroborate, confirm. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > support, corroborate > on basis of authority

confirmc1290

certify1330

approvec1380

authorizea1393

ratify?a1425

consignc1430

corroborate1530

attest1590

concredit1659

attestate1660

you can quote me1813

c1380 J. Wyclif Antecrist (Todd) 137 Crist confermed his lawe and wiþ his deþ approved hit.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 79 What damned error but some sober brow will..approue it with a text.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 183 The trembling emperor..solemnly approved the innocence and fidelity of their assassins.

b. with a thing as subject.

ΚΠ

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. Ded. sig. Ci^v The success has approved this judgement.

1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles Prelim. Ess. vi. 93 The miracles proving the doctrines, and the doctrines approving the miracles.

a. To demonstrate practically or to the experience of others, display, exhibit, make proof of. Also reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)] > by practical means

assay1340

approve1551

vouch1579

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Qviii^v They, by quycke repentaunce approue the amendement of their lyffes.

1610 R. Davies Chesters Triumph sig. B3^v Such Olympian sports as shall approve Our Best devotion.

c1630 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon §56 Who..approved himself..valiantly at the taking of Strigonium.

1876 R. W. Emerson Ess. 2nd Ser. iv. 104 Many opportunities to approve his stoutness and worth.

b. To display or exhibit to advantage. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > be becoming to or set off

becomec1314

commend1535

advancea1555

comely1573

outseta1578

countenance?1578

to set out1586

to stick off1613

to set offa1616

suit1655

to put off1700

advantage1748

approve1849

flatter1904

1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. iv. 133 The sculpture is approved and set off by the colour.

a. with complement. To show or prove practically (a thing or person) to be (so and so).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)] > be proof of > in line with assertion

prove1517

showa1530

convince1595

approvea1680

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 28 Approv'd the most profound, and wise To solve Impossibilities.

1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. xxxiv. 78 'Tis an old lesson—Time approves it true.

1865 F. Parkman Champlain i, in Pioneers of France in New World 176 His account..approves him a man of thought and observation.

b. reflexive. To prove or show oneself practically to be.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (reflexive)]

approve1559

verifyc1595

prove1895

1559 Abp. Hethe in J. Strype Ann. Reformation I. App. vi. 11 All such as shall approve themselves not to be the obedient children of Chryst's churche.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. xi. 99 Edward the Third, approved himself, not onely King of England, but of himself.

1656 Twisleton in T. Burton Diary (1828) I. 148 He was in Wales, and approved himself a very vile person.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. ii. 417 The latter..approved himself a neighbour by acting agreeably to that character.

1840 T. B. Macaulay Ld. Clive 92 When he approved himself ripe for military command.

†c. intransitive (reflexive pronoun omitted) To prove itself, prove, turn out to be. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1372/1 If he will say that it was but inuention, it will approue false.

5. To confirm authoritatively; to sanction. Hence the technical term: (a) in Scottish Parliament for confirming, or deciding in the affirmative, by a vote of the house; (b) for confirming the sentence of a court-martial.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > ratification or confirmation > confirm or ratify [verb (transitive)]

confirm1297

ratify1357

endoss1381

approve1413

roborate?a1475

establish1533

justify1596

firm1599

rate?1611

affeera1616

tie1623

convalidate1656

sanction1778

accredit1826

countersign1840

endorse1847

1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle v. xiv. 82 Þere may no thing be approvid, ne affermed, but if it be founde in the feith.

1480 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 59 I..by this my present testament..myne seyde mynde, wyll and entent..approue, ratifie, and conferme.

1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes ii. f. 40 The lawe dooth not approoue such testamentes.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) Pref. sig. B2 The old may not be proued, because it is approued.

1726 in R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 248 The vote was stated, Whether Approve the overture of the Committee, or Delay.

1816 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 4) 141 The colonel or commanding officer approves the sentence of a regimental court-martial.

6. To pronounce to be good, commend.

a. transitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > approve of, accept, or sanction [verb (transitive)]

loveeOE

underfoc1000

underfong?c1225

undertakea1250

provec1300

allowa1325

favour1340

approvec1380

seem?c1450

conprovec1503

avow1530

rectify1567

annuate1585

to be for1590

sancite1597

improve1603

applauda1616

acclamate1624

resenta1646

own1649

comprobate1660

sanction1797

likea1825

approbate1833

to hold with (arch. of, on, for)1895

agree1900

endorse1914

condone1962

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > support, corroborate

fasteneOE

i-sothea925

sustainc1325

witness1362

approvec1380

confirmc1384

affirma1393

justifya1393

to bear outa1475

corrobore1485

uphold1485

nourisha1522

underpinc1522

to countenance outa1529

favoura1530

soothe1544

strengthen1548

comfort1593

second1596

accredit1598

evidencea1601

warrantise1600

compact1608

back1612

thickena1616

accreditate1654

shoulder1674

support1691

corroborate1706

carry1835

to give (also lend) colour1921

c1380 J. Wyclif De Pseudo-freris iv, in Wks. (1879) 306 Non word of iames approueþ þise newe religions.

1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 31 Fully they approvyd al his entent.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 55 Vayn ornamentys by corrupt jugement commynly approvyd.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 145 I approue Your Wisedome in the deede.

1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 24 Fools Admire, but Men of Sense Approve.

1803 Marquess Wellesley Let. 27 July in Select. Despatches (1877) 313 I entirely approve that precaution.

1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein III. 522 Niebuhr..admired and approved the Revolution of 1688.

†b. with infinitive phr. or subordinate clause. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 47 That thing that thou approuedest to seche aboue all other thing.

1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. a They will approve that Workmen may have this little Book in their Pockets.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 880 Others, who approve not to transgress By thy example.

c. intransitive. Const. (on obsolete) of.

ΚΠ

1658–9 Gibbons in T. Burton Diary (1828) III. 557 Such as shall be named and approved on by this House.

1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 7 Our Modern Assertors, and Predicators approve on't.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 2. ⁋2 He has read all, but approves of very few.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. x. 219 Would his grandfather approve of what he had done?

7. transitive. To recommend oneself, one's qualities, actions, etc., as worthy of approval; to commend to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > quality of being approvable or acceptable > make acceptable [verb (reflexive)]

commend1593

approve1611

conciliate?1615

recommenda1616

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 1 We doe seeke to approue our selues to euery ones conscience.

1657 Cromwell in T. Burton Diary (1828) I. 415 Without integrity, without sincerity, without approving the heart to God.

1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm ii. 55 If anticipations such as these approve themselves to reason.

II. [= modern French éprouver.]

†8. To put to the proof or test of experience; to try, test. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > try or test [verb (transitive)]

fandc893

costeneOE

afondOE

provea1200

fraista1300

assay1330

sayc1330

try1362

approvec1380

examinea1382

winnowa1382

tempt1382

tastea1400

assailc1405

essay1484

scryc1615

sensea1688

test1748

trial1981

dogfood1997

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1409 A noble knyȝt aproued.

1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton D iiij This rule is gyuen to euery man and approued of euery man.

1532 G. Hervet tr. Xenophon Treat. Househ. (1768) 64 Men of olde antyquitie, approuinge it by experience.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. i. 9 Nay taske me to my word, approue me Lord.

1798 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (ed. 7) I. 150 Neither fear nor rashness was likely to approve men so disposed.

†9. To find by experience, to experience. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subjected to or undergo an action > undergo or experience

feelOE

seeOE

passa1325

provec1330

attastec1374

wielda1375

tastec1380

sufferc1390

to pass through ——c1400

expert?a1475

traverse1477

experiment1484

savour1509

to taste of1526

to go through ——1535

sustain1575

approve1578

try1578

experience1588

undergo1600

to run through ——1602

pree1806

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > experience > [verb (transitive)]

haveeOE

cuneOE

supOE

yfeeleOE

afondOE

canOE

seeOE

knowc1175

provea1200

feelc1225

passa1325

fraistc1330

wielda1375

wita1450

experiment1484

approve1578

experiencea1586

resent1595

fand-

1578 Gorgious Gallery A Louer approuing his Lady unkinde.

1591 W. Raleigh Rep. Fight Iles of Açores sig. C^v Vnto them a rare spectacle, and a resolution sildome approued, to see one ship turne toward so many enemies.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xix. 101 He hath approved that government in himselfe.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

approveapprowv.²

Forms: Also Middle English aproue, aprowe.

Etymology: < Old French aproe-r, approer, approuer, apprower to profit, ‘faire profiter, enricher’ (Godefroy), < à to + pros , object prode , pro , prou , preu (Provençal pro , Spanish pro , Portuguese pro , Italian pro , prode ) ‘advantage, profit,’ a difficult word, pointing to an early Romanic substantive use of the preposition pro or prod- in prod-est (as if prod est mihi , it is a profit or advantage to me), perhaps declined as *prod-is , prod-em . Compare the adjectival use in Italian prode , pro , Provençal pros . Old French proz , pros , prous , preus , object prode , prou , preu , modern French preux good, worthy, valiant, i.e. vir qui prod-est . (Compare also Italian prodezza , Provençal, Spanish proeza , Old French proesce , French prouesse prowess, and Old French prozom , prodom , French prud' homme ; and see Diez, Littré, Brachet.) The modern English form ought to be approw (compare allow ), but through confusion of u and v , approue was erroneously printed in 17th cent. Law-dictionaries approve , as if a sense of the approve v.¹Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: aˈpprove.

Law.

literal. To make profit to oneself of (e.g. land), by increasing the value or rent. esp. Said of the lord of a manor enclosing or appropriating to his own advantage common land, as permitted by the Statute of Merton (20 Hen. III. c. iv.). Cf. improve v.²[The Stat. of Merton exists only in Latin, but its phrase ‘faciant commodum suum’ exactly translates Old French aproent, and is rendered in Stat. Westminster ‘appruare se possint de’; other latinized adaptations of the French were approare, approvare, and finally (in 17th cent.) approbare.]

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession [verb (intransitive)] > appropriate > land

approve1483

the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > appropriate > land

approve1483

1483 Cath. Angl. To approwe, Approare, sicut domini se faciunt de vastis.

1691 Blount's Νομο-λεξικον (ed. 2) (at cited word) To approve Land is to make the best benefit of it by increasing the Rent.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. ii. iii This enclose, when justifiable, is called in law approving.

1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. ix. 511 By the Statute of Merton..the lord is permitted to approve, that is to inclose, the waste lands of his manor.

1865 Turner in Morning Star 29 Apr. Sir T. Wilson not only considered himself entitled to ‘approve’ portions of the [Hampstead] Heath, but also contemplated letting out the plots which he might ‘approve’ for building purposes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	approve
释义	approvev.¹ Brit. /əˈpruːv/, U.S. /əˈpruv/ Forms: Middle English–1600s aprove, Middle English–1500s approuve, 1500s–1600s approove, Middle English– approve. Etymology: < Old French aprove-r (now approuver ) < Latin approbāre , adprobāre to make good, assent to as good, < ad to + probāre to try the goodness of, prove, < probus good. Compare appreve v. a form representing the tonic stem of the French as in appreuve ; and its past participle approven adj. In some senses the word appears to represent French éprouver , Old French esprover , not otherwise found in English. See a- prefix¹. I. (= French approuver.) †1. To make good (a statement or position); to show to be true, prove, demonstrate. a. simply. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Micah vi. 9 Heere, ȝe lynagis; and who shal aproue it? 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. vi. 141 They had lerned to approue the daye and tyme whan suche thynges [eclipses] shold happe. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xx. sig. F iij ^v The rule..may two wayes be approued geometrically..and arithmetically. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iii. §15. 517 Hee had approued..vnto the vulgar, the dignitie of his Science. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. x. 245 To approve the truth thereof against some who questioned him herein. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. v We demonstrate or approve our reckonings to other men. †b. with subordinate clause. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)] i-sothea925 soothec950 fanda1000 kitheOE betell1048 showc1175 prove?c1225 treousec1275 stablisha1325 approve1340 verifyc1386 justifya1393 tryc1412 answer?a1425 appreve?c1450 to make gooda1470 convictc1475 averifyc1503 arguea1513 find1512 pree1515 comprobate1531 demonstrate1538 conclude1549 convince1555 argument1558 evict1571 avoucha1593 evidencea1601 remonstrate1601 clear1605 attaint1609 monstrate1609 evince1610 evince1611 improve1613 remonstrance1621 to make out1653 ascertain1670 to bring off1674 to make (something) to through1675 render1678 substantiatea1691 establisha1704 to bring out1727 realize1763 validate1775 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4746 Yhit for certayn approves noght he Þat þa fiften days of takens sal be. 1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton E iiij b I haue..approuyd that none may know the secretes of God. 1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον ii. 72 This aproves unto us, that order is a cheefe rule in memorie. †c. with complement. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (intransitive)] > be proved to be provec1300 verifya1387 approve1587 improve1612 bear1710 to turn up1756 to turn out1780 wash1849 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1345/2 He was approoued guiltie at his arreignment. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 245 One thing..Which must approue thee honest. View more context for this quotation 1644 P. Hunton Vindic. Treat. Monarchy iv. 20 I..doubt not to approve it firme truth. 1677 A. Marvell Let. 15 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 188 M^r Onslow was approved not to haue been culpable. †2. a. To attest (a thing) with some authority, to corroborate, confirm. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > support, corroborate > on basis of authority confirmc1290 certify1330 approvec1380 authorizea1393 ratify?a1425 consignc1430 corroborate1530 attest1590 concredit1659 attestate1660 you can quote me1813 c1380 J. Wyclif Antecrist (Todd) 137 Crist confermed his lawe and wiþ his deþ approved hit. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 79 What damned error but some sober brow will..approue it with a text. View more context for this quotation 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 183 The trembling emperor..solemnly approved the innocence and fidelity of their assassins. b. with a thing as subject. ΚΠ 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. Ded. sig. Ci^v The success has approved this judgement. 1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles Prelim. Ess. vi. 93 The miracles proving the doctrines, and the doctrines approving the miracles. 3. a. To demonstrate practically or to the experience of others, display, exhibit, make proof of. Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)] > by practical means assay1340 approve1551 vouch1579 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Qviii^v They, by quycke repentaunce approue the amendement of their lyffes. 1610 R. Davies Chesters Triumph sig. B3^v Such Olympian sports as shall approve Our Best devotion. c1630 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon §56 Who..approved himself..valiantly at the taking of Strigonium. 1876 R. W. Emerson Ess. 2nd Ser. iv. 104 Many opportunities to approve his stoutness and worth. b. To display or exhibit to advantage. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > be becoming to or set off becomec1314 commend1535 advancea1555 comely1573 outseta1578 countenance?1578 to set out1586 to stick off1613 to set offa1616 suit1655 to put off1700 advantage1748 approve1849 flatter1904 1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. iv. 133 The sculpture is approved and set off by the colour. 4. a. with complement. To show or prove practically (a thing or person) to be (so and so). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)] > be proof of > in line with assertion prove1517 showa1530 convince1595 approvea1680 a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 28 Approv'd the most profound, and wise To solve Impossibilities. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. xxxiv. 78 'Tis an old lesson—Time approves it true. 1865 F. Parkman Champlain i, in Pioneers of France in New World 176 His account..approves him a man of thought and observation. b. reflexive. To prove or show oneself practically to be. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (reflexive)] approve1559 verifyc1595 prove1895 1559 Abp. Hethe in J. Strype Ann. Reformation I. App. vi. 11 All such as shall approve themselves not to be the obedient children of Chryst's churche. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. xi. 99 Edward the Third, approved himself, not onely King of England, but of himself. 1656 Twisleton in T. Burton Diary (1828) I. 148 He was in Wales, and approved himself a very vile person. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. ii. 417 The latter..approved himself a neighbour by acting agreeably to that character. 1840 T. B. Macaulay Ld. Clive 92 When he approved himself ripe for military command. †c. intransitive (reflexive pronoun omitted) To prove itself, prove, turn out to be. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1372/1 If he will say that it was but inuention, it will approue false. 5. To confirm authoritatively; to sanction. Hence the technical term: (a) in Scottish Parliament for confirming, or deciding in the affirmative, by a vote of the house; (b) for confirming the sentence of a court-martial. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > ratification or confirmation > confirm or ratify [verb (transitive)] confirm1297 ratify1357 endoss1381 approve1413 roborate?a1475 establish1533 justify1596 firm1599 rate?1611 affeera1616 tie1623 convalidate1656 sanction1778 accredit1826 countersign1840 endorse1847 1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle v. xiv. 82 Þere may no thing be approvid, ne affermed, but if it be founde in the feith. 1480 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 59 I..by this my present testament..myne seyde mynde, wyll and entent..approue, ratifie, and conferme. 1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes ii. f. 40 The lawe dooth not approoue such testamentes. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) Pref. sig. B2 The old may not be proued, because it is approued. 1726 in R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 248 The vote was stated, Whether Approve the overture of the Committee, or Delay. 1816 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 4) 141 The colonel or commanding officer approves the sentence of a regimental court-martial. 6. To pronounce to be good, commend. a. transitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > approve of, accept, or sanction [verb (transitive)] loveeOE underfoc1000 underfong?c1225 undertakea1250 provec1300 allowa1325 favour1340 approvec1380 seem?c1450 conprovec1503 avow1530 rectify1567 annuate1585 to be for1590 sancite1597 improve1603 applauda1616 acclamate1624 resenta1646 own1649 comprobate1660 sanction1797 likea1825 approbate1833 to hold with (arch. of, on, for)1895 agree1900 endorse1914 condone1962 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > support, corroborate fasteneOE i-sothea925 sustainc1325 witness1362 approvec1380 confirmc1384 affirma1393 justifya1393 to bear outa1475 corrobore1485 uphold1485 nourisha1522 underpinc1522 to countenance outa1529 favoura1530 soothe1544 strengthen1548 comfort1593 second1596 accredit1598 evidencea1601 warrantise1600 compact1608 back1612 thickena1616 accreditate1654 shoulder1674 support1691 corroborate1706 carry1835 to give (also lend) colour1921 c1380 J. Wyclif De Pseudo-freris iv, in Wks. (1879) 306 Non word of iames approueþ þise newe religions. 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 31 Fully they approvyd al his entent. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 55 Vayn ornamentys by corrupt jugement commynly approvyd. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 145 I approue Your Wisedome in the deede. View more context for this quotation 1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 24 Fools Admire, but Men of Sense Approve. 1803 Marquess Wellesley Let. 27 July in Select. Despatches (1877) 313 I entirely approve that precaution. 1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein III. 522 Niebuhr..admired and approved the Revolution of 1688. †b. with infinitive phr. or subordinate clause. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 47 That thing that thou approuedest to seche aboue all other thing. 1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. a They will approve that Workmen may have this little Book in their Pockets. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 880 Others, who approve not to transgress By thy example. View more context for this quotation c. intransitive. Const. (on obsolete) of. ΚΠ 1658–9 Gibbons in T. Burton Diary (1828) III. 557 Such as shall be named and approved on by this House. 1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 7 Our Modern Assertors, and Predicators approve on't. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 2. ⁋2 He has read all, but approves of very few. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. x. 219 Would his grandfather approve of what he had done? 7. transitive. To recommend oneself, one's qualities, actions, etc., as worthy of approval; to commend to. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > quality of being approvable or acceptable > make acceptable [verb (reflexive)] commend1593 approve1611 conciliate?1615 recommenda1616 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 1 We doe seeke to approue our selues to euery ones conscience. 1657 Cromwell in T. Burton Diary (1828) I. 415 Without integrity, without sincerity, without approving the heart to God. 1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm ii. 55 If anticipations such as these approve themselves to reason. II. [= modern French éprouver.] †8. To put to the proof or test of experience; to try, test. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > try or test [verb (transitive)] fandc893 costeneOE afondOE provea1200 fraista1300 assay1330 sayc1330 try1362 approvec1380 examinea1382 winnowa1382 tempt1382 tastea1400 assailc1405 essay1484 scryc1615 sensea1688 test1748 trial1981 dogfood1997 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1409 A noble knyȝt aproued. 1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton D iiij This rule is gyuen to euery man and approued of euery man. 1532 G. Hervet tr. Xenophon Treat. Househ. (1768) 64 Men of olde antyquitie, approuinge it by experience. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. i. 9 Nay taske me to my word, approue me Lord. View more context for this quotation 1798 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (ed. 7) I. 150 Neither fear nor rashness was likely to approve men so disposed. †9. To find by experience, to experience. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subjected to or undergo an action > undergo or experience feelOE seeOE passa1325 provec1330 attastec1374 wielda1375 tastec1380 sufferc1390 to pass through ——c1400 expert?a1475 traverse1477 experiment1484 savour1509 to taste of1526 to go through ——1535 sustain1575 approve1578 try1578 experience1588 undergo1600 to run through ——1602 pree1806 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > experience > [verb (transitive)] haveeOE cuneOE supOE yfeeleOE afondOE canOE seeOE knowc1175 provea1200 feelc1225 passa1325 fraistc1330 wielda1375 wita1450 experiment1484 approve1578 experiencea1586 resent1595 fand- 1578 Gorgious Gallery A Louer approuing his Lady unkinde. 1591 W. Raleigh Rep. Fight Iles of Açores sig. C^v Vnto them a rare spectacle, and a resolution sildome approued, to see one ship turne toward so many enemies. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xix. 101 He hath approved that government in himselfe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). approveapprowv.² Forms: Also Middle English aproue, aprowe. Etymology: < Old French aproe-r, approer, approuer, apprower to profit, ‘faire profiter, enricher’ (Godefroy), < à to + pros , object prode , pro , prou , preu (Provençal pro , Spanish pro , Portuguese pro , Italian pro , prode ) ‘advantage, profit,’ a difficult word, pointing to an early Romanic substantive use of the preposition pro or prod- in prod-est (as if prod est mihi , it is a profit or advantage to me), perhaps declined as prod-is , prod-em* . Compare the adjectival use in Italian prode , pro , Provençal pros . Old French proz , pros , prous , preus , object prode , prou , preu , modern French preux good, worthy, valiant, i.e. vir qui prod-est . (Compare also Italian prodezza , Provençal, Spanish proeza , Old French proesce , French prouesse prowess, and Old French prozom , prodom , French prud' homme ; and see Diez, Littré, Brachet.) The modern English form ought to be approw (compare allow ), but through confusion of u and v , approue was erroneously printed in 17th cent. Law-dictionaries approve , as if a sense of the approve v.¹Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: aˈpprove. Law. literal. To make profit to oneself of (e.g. land), by increasing the value or rent. esp. Said of the lord of a manor enclosing or appropriating to his own advantage common land, as permitted by the Statute of Merton (20 Hen. III. c. iv.). Cf. improve v.²[The Stat. of Merton exists only in Latin, but its phrase ‘faciant commodum suum’ exactly translates Old French aproent, and is rendered in Stat. Westminster ‘appruare se possint de’; other latinized adaptations of the French were approare, approvare, and finally (in 17th cent.) approbare.] ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession [verb (intransitive)] > appropriate > land approve1483 the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > appropriate > land approve1483 1483 Cath. Angl. To approwe, Approare, sicut domini se faciunt de vastis. 1691 Blount's Νομο-λεξικον (ed. 2) (at cited word) To approve Land is to make the best benefit of it by increasing the Rent. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. ii. iii This enclose, when justifiable, is called in law approving. 1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. ix. 511 By the Statute of Merton..the lord is permitted to approve, that is to inclose, the waste lands of his manor. 1865 Turner in Morning Star 29 Apr. Sir T. Wilson not only considered himself entitled to ‘approve’ portions of the [Hampstead] Heath, but also contemplated letting out the plots which he might ‘approve’ for building purposes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < v.¹1340v.²1483
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