hloniphav.

Brit.

/lə(ʊ)ˈniːpə/,

/ˈhlɒnɪpə/, U.S.

/loʊˈniˌpɑ/, East African English

/loˈnipa/

Forms: 1800s– hlonipa, 1900s– hlonipha.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Xhosa. Partly a borrowing from Zulu. Etymons: Xhosa -hlonipa, Zulu -hlonipha.

Etymology: < Xhosa -hlonipha, and its cognate Zulu -hlonipha to respect (someone), to act respectfully, to use avoidance speech < -hloni (in amahloni sense of shame, izinhloni shyness, embarrassment, modesty, respect) + -pha, suffix forming verbs.Compare the following earlier example of the Xhosa verb (in the infinitive, with reference to avoidance speech) cited in an English context:1850 J. W. Appleyard Kafir Lang. 70 The Kafir [i.e. Xhosa] women have many words peculiar to themselves. This arises from a national custom, called ukuhlonipa. In Xhosa and Zulu, ph reflects an aspirated stop (/p^h/), which can be perceived as /p/ by speakers of English. N.E.D. (1898) gives the pronunciation as (hlǫ·nipă) /ˈhlɒnɪpə/.

transitive. Among the Nguni peoples of south-eastern Africa: to show respect to (a person, esp. certain relatives or esteemed members of one's community), spec. by deferentially avoiding mention of the name of a person to whom such respect is due, but instead substituting it with synonymous or related words.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > refrain from uttering [verb (transitive)] > for reasons of taboo or respect

hlonipha1875

1875 D. Leslie Among Zulus & Amatongas 180 It began to be known all over the country that he was Hlonipa'd. One man in talking to another would innocently use the word Amacebo; the other would stop him saying ‘Don't you know they Hlonipa him now?’.. ‘They say Amakwata’.

1970 Standard Encycl. Southern Afr. II. 96/1 A wife must hlonipha her in-laws, in other words she must act humbly and respectfully toward them and shun them.

2008 Sunday Tribune (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 20 Jan. (E1 ed.) 13 Five of us accompanied SB on a journey to the heart of Nkandla, to ‘hlonipha’ (pay respect to) King Cetshwayo kaMpande's grave.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

单词	hlonipha
释义	hloniphav. Brit. /lə(ʊ)ˈniːpə/, /ˈhlɒnɪpə/, U.S. /loʊˈniˌpɑ/, East African English /loˈnipa/ Forms: 1800s– hlonipa, 1900s– hlonipha. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Xhosa. Partly a borrowing from Zulu. Etymons: Xhosa -hlonipa, Zulu -hlonipha. Etymology: < Xhosa -hlonipha, and its cognate Zulu -hlonipha to respect (someone), to act respectfully, to use avoidance speech < -hloni (in amahloni sense of shame, izinhloni shyness, embarrassment, modesty, respect) + -pha, suffix forming verbs.Compare the following earlier example of the Xhosa verb (in the infinitive, with reference to avoidance speech) cited in an English context:1850 J. W. Appleyard Kafir Lang. 70 The Kafir [i.e. Xhosa] women have many words peculiar to themselves. This arises from a national custom, called ukuhlonipa. In Xhosa and Zulu, ph reflects an aspirated stop (/p^h/), which can be perceived as /p/ by speakers of English. N.E.D. (1898) gives the pronunciation as (hlǫ·nipă) /ˈhlɒnɪpə/. transitive. Among the Nguni peoples of south-eastern Africa: to show respect to (a person, esp. certain relatives or esteemed members of one's community), spec. by deferentially avoiding mention of the name of a person to whom such respect is due, but instead substituting it with synonymous or related words. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > refrain from uttering [verb (transitive)] > for reasons of taboo or respect hlonipha1875 1875 D. Leslie Among Zulus & Amatongas 180 It began to be known all over the country that he was Hlonipa'd. One man in talking to another would innocently use the word Amacebo; the other would stop him saying ‘Don't you know they Hlonipa him now?’.. ‘They say Amakwata’. 1970 Standard Encycl. Southern Afr. II. 96/1 A wife must hlonipha her in-laws, in other words she must act humbly and respectfully toward them and shun them. 2008 Sunday Tribune (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 20 Jan. (E1 ed.) 13 Five of us accompanied SB on a journey to the heart of Nkandla, to ‘hlonipha’ (pay respect to) King Cetshwayo kaMpande's grave. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < v.1875
随便看	daffodils daffs daffy daffy's elixir daffying daft daft apeth daft days dafteliȝk dafter daftest daftie cut a corner or corners cut a curvet cut a dash cut a deal cut a feather cut a flash cut a flourish cut a gordian knot cut a large large thongs of another man's leather cut a large thong of another man's leather cut a lock cut a long story short cut a passage