Hesperianadj.¹n.¹

Brit.

/hɛˈspɪərɪən/, U.S.

/hɛˈspɪriən/

Etymology: < Latin Hesperius, Greek ἑσπέριος of or situated towards the west, western, Latin Hesperia , Greek Ἑσπερία (poetical) the land of the west, applied by the Greeks to Italy, by the Romans to Spain or regions beyond; < Hesperus n. the evening star: see -an suffix.

A. adj.¹

1. poetic. Western, of or pertaining to the land of the west, or where the sun sets.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > West > [adjective]

westwardeOE

westOE

westerOE

westernOE

occidentalc1400

Occidenta1500

Hesperiana1547

westerly1549

westenc1550

westernly1575

westernlyc1595

setting1612

westwardly1651

ponent1667

westing1669

westlin1720

occasive1802

westland1818

westwards1838

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Cii^v My deare sonne, Whom I defraude of the Hispriane [1557 Hisperian] crowne.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 520 Who with Saturn old Fled over Adria to th' Hesperian Fields.

1679 Established Test 4 This Hesperian Garden of England.

a1708 J. Philips Poems (1776) 75 Th' utmost bound Hesperian, Calpe, by Alcides fixt.

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna vii. xiii. 162 The gathering waves rent the Hesperian gate Of mountains.

1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity II. iv. v. 101 When Ireland is described as a kind of Hesperian elysium of peace and piety.

2. poetic. Of or pertaining to the Hesperides (Hesperides n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [adjective] > of or relating to nymph(s) > of or relating to Hesperides

Hesperian1622

Hesperidean1850

the mind > emotion > pleasure > happiness > supreme or heavenly happiness > [adjective] > of or relating to place of supreme happiness

paradisal1568

paradisian1615

Hesperian1622

paradisaical1623

paradisiac1632

paradisean1647

paradisiacal1649

paradisic1723

paradisical1728

Elysian1750

paradisaic1754

paradisial1776

1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir iv. sig. K Burie in Obliuion, your fainde Hesperian Orchards.

1637 J. Milton Comus 14 But beautie like the faire Hesperian tree Laden with blooming gold, had need the guard Of dragon watch.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 568 Happy Iles, Like those Hesperian Gardens fam'd of old.

1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 33 Whose breath Nurtures the orange and the citron groves, Hesperian fruits.

1830 T. B. Macaulay Moore's Life Byron in Ess. (1887) 159 The forests shining with Hesperian fruit and with the plumage of gorgeous birds.

3. Entomology. Of or pertaining to the family of butterflies called Hesperidæ or Skippers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [adjective] > of or relating to family Hesperidae

Hesperian1840

1840 W. Swainson & W. E. Shuckard Hist. Insects 65 The enormous head of the Hesperian caterpillars.

1840 W. Swainson & W. E. Shuckard Hist. Insects 65 The Hesperian butterflies being the last of the Papiliones.

B. n.¹

1. An inhabitant of a western land.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of specific region > [noun] > western person

occidentala1538

Hesperian1601

western1612

westernling1613

westerling1630

westlandera1676

westerner1857

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 148 And fiue daies sailing from it, appeare the desarts of the Ethyopian Hesperians.

a1812 J. Barlow in N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1828)

2. A Hesperian butterfly; a skipper.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > family Hesperidae > member of (skipper)

skipper1817

Hesperian1869

Hesperiid1889

1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 314 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV The family of skippers, Hesperians, are rather small, thick-bodied butterflies.

1881 Papilio I. 132 (title) Two new Hesperians.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Hesperianadj.²n.²

Brit.

/hɛsˈpɪərɪən/, U.S.

/hɛsˈpɪriən/

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Hesperia , -ian suffix.

Etymology: < Hesperia, the name of an area of Mars (named in Italian form Esperia by G. V. Schiaparelli 1878, in Atti della Reale Accad. dei Lincei: Mem. della Classe di Sci. Fis., Mat. e Nat. 2 382) where features of this age are prominent + -ian suffix, after Hesperian adj.¹ and n.¹

Astronomy.

A. adj.²

Relating to or designating the second of three geological time periods assigned to Mars (between the Noachian and the Amazonian periods), beginning about 3½ billion years ago and ending 2 or 3 billion years ago; (also) designating the geomorphological features dating from this period, characterized by the formation of extensive lava plains. Cf. Amazonian adj.³, Noachian adj.²

ΚΠ

1978 D. H. Scott & M. H. Carr Geologic Map Mars The Hesperian System is here named for Hesperia Planum in the Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle.

1996 Planetary & Space Sci. 44 1415/1 Basal Hesperian crater populations are perfectly preserved.

2004 Icarus 168 277 Their presence has recently been interpreted to reflect a northern lowlands that archive some of the earliest recorded rocks on Mars, mostly below a veneer of Hesperian and Amazonian materials.

B. n.²

The Hesperian period. Cf. Amazonian n.³, Noachian n.

ΚΠ

1978 D. H. Scott & M. H. Carr Geologic Map Mars Possibly included in the Hesperian are some of the deflation plains common around the South Pole.

1990 Jrnl. Geophysical Res. 95 12598/2 Fracturing ages bracketed in this way..may range from late Noachian through late Hesperian.

1996 K. S. Robinson Blue Mars 70 At the end of the Hesperian had come the brief warm wet period, when water had occasionally run on the surface.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hesperian
释义	Hesperianadj.¹n.¹ Brit. /hɛˈspɪərɪən/, U.S. /hɛˈspɪriən/ Etymology: < Latin Hesperius, Greek ἑσπέριος of or situated towards the west, western, Latin Hesperia , Greek Ἑσπερία (poetical) the land of the west, applied by the Greeks to Italy, by the Romans to Spain or regions beyond; < Hesperus n. the evening star: see -an suffix. A. adj.¹ 1. poetic. Western, of or pertaining to the land of the west, or where the sun sets. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > West > [adjective] westwardeOE westOE westerOE westernOE occidentalc1400 Occidenta1500 Hesperiana1547 westerly1549 westenc1550 westernly1575 westernlyc1595 setting1612 westwardly1651 ponent1667 westing1669 westlin1720 occasive1802 westland1818 westwards1838 a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Cii^v My deare sonne, Whom I defraude of the Hispriane [1557 Hisperian] crowne. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 520 Who with Saturn old Fled over Adria to th' Hesperian Fields. View more context for this quotation 1679 Established Test 4 This Hesperian Garden of England. a1708 J. Philips Poems (1776) 75 Th' utmost bound Hesperian, Calpe, by Alcides fixt. 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna vii. xiii. 162 The gathering waves rent the Hesperian gate Of mountains. 1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity II. iv. v. 101 When Ireland is described as a kind of Hesperian elysium of peace and piety. 2. poetic. Of or pertaining to the Hesperides (Hesperides n.). ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [adjective] > of or relating to nymph(s) > of or relating to Hesperides Hesperian1622 Hesperidean1850 the mind > emotion > pleasure > happiness > supreme or heavenly happiness > [adjective] > of or relating to place of supreme happiness paradisal1568 paradisian1615 Hesperian1622 paradisaical1623 paradisiac1632 paradisean1647 paradisiacal1649 paradisic1723 paradisical1728 Elysian1750 paradisaic1754 paradisial1776 1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir iv. sig. K Burie in Obliuion, your fainde Hesperian Orchards. 1637 J. Milton Comus 14 But beautie like the faire Hesperian tree Laden with blooming gold, had need the guard Of dragon watch. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 568 Happy Iles, Like those Hesperian Gardens fam'd of old. View more context for this quotation 1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 33 Whose breath Nurtures the orange and the citron groves, Hesperian fruits. 1830 T. B. Macaulay Moore's Life Byron in Ess. (1887) 159 The forests shining with Hesperian fruit and with the plumage of gorgeous birds. 3. Entomology. Of or pertaining to the family of butterflies called Hesperidæ or Skippers. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [adjective] > of or relating to family Hesperidae Hesperian1840 1840 W. Swainson & W. E. Shuckard Hist. Insects 65 The enormous head of the Hesperian caterpillars. 1840 W. Swainson & W. E. Shuckard Hist. Insects 65 The Hesperian butterflies being the last of the Papiliones. B. n.¹ 1. An inhabitant of a western land. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of specific region > [noun] > western person occidentala1538 Hesperian1601 western1612 westernling1613 westerling1630 westlandera1676 westerner1857 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 148 And fiue daies sailing from it, appeare the desarts of the Ethyopian Hesperians. a1812 J. Barlow in N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1828) 2. A Hesperian butterfly; a skipper. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > family Hesperidae > member of (skipper) skipper1817 Hesperian1869 Hesperiid1889 1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 314 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV The family of skippers, Hesperians, are rather small, thick-bodied butterflies. 1881 Papilio I. 132 (title) Two new Hesperians. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Hesperianadj.²n.² Brit. /hɛsˈpɪərɪən/, U.S. /hɛsˈpɪriən/ Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Hesperia , -ian suffix. Etymology: < Hesperia, the name of an area of Mars (named in Italian form Esperia by G. V. Schiaparelli 1878, in Atti della Reale Accad. dei Lincei: Mem. della Classe di Sci. Fis., Mat. e Nat. 2 382) where features of this age are prominent + -ian suffix, after Hesperian adj.¹ and n.¹ Astronomy. A. adj.² Relating to or designating the second of three geological time periods assigned to Mars (between the Noachian and the Amazonian periods), beginning about 3½ billion years ago and ending 2 or 3 billion years ago; (also) designating the geomorphological features dating from this period, characterized by the formation of extensive lava plains. Cf. Amazonian adj.³, Noachian adj.² ΚΠ 1978 D. H. Scott & M. H. Carr Geologic Map Mars The Hesperian System is here named for Hesperia Planum in the Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle. 1996 Planetary & Space Sci. 44 1415/1 Basal Hesperian crater populations are perfectly preserved. 2004 Icarus 168 277 Their presence has recently been interpreted to reflect a northern lowlands that archive some of the earliest recorded rocks on Mars, mostly below a veneer of Hesperian and Amazonian materials. B. n.² The Hesperian period. Cf. Amazonian n.³, Noachian n. ΚΠ 1978 D. H. Scott & M. H. Carr Geologic Map Mars Possibly included in the Hesperian are some of the deflation plains common around the South Pole. 1990 Jrnl. Geophysical Res. 95 12598/2 Fracturing ages bracketed in this way..may range from late Noachian through late Hesperian. 1996 K. S. Robinson Blue Mars 70 At the end of the Hesperian had come the brief warm wet period, when water had occasionally run on the surface. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.¹n.¹a1547adj.²n.²1978
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Hesperianadj.1n.1

Hesperianadj.2n.2

Hesperianadj.¹n.¹

Hesperianadj.²n.²