Hindun.adj.

Brit.

/ˈhɪnduː/,

/hɪnˈduː/, U.S.

/ˈhɪndu/

Forms: 1600s Hindoes (plural), 1600s Hindou, 1600s Hindoy, 1600s Indou, 1600s– Hindoo, 1600s– Hindu, 1800s Hindo.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Hindi. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Hindi hindū; Urdu hindū; Persian hindū.

Etymology: < (i) Hindi hindū and Urdu hindū, originally denoting a person from India, now specifically a follower of Hinduism, and its etymon (ii) Persian hindū, in the same senses (Middle Persian hindūg , denoting a person from India), apparently formed already in Old Persian < a name for (parts of) India (attested in Achaemenian Old Persian as hiⁿdu , denoting an eastern province of the Achaemenid empire: see the discussion at India n.) + a suffix *-ka-, forming adjectives. Compare Portuguese hindu (16th cent.), French hindou (1653 as indou).

A. n.

1. A follower of the religious traditions of Hinduism (Hinduism n.). Until the mid 20th century often also with geographical and (very broad) ethnic and cultural reference: a non-Muslim native of Hindustan (see the etymological note at Hindustan n.) or India.The form Hindoo, common in both British and Indian English sources until the end of the 19th cent., is now typically associated with colonial history and considered racially offensive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > Hindu

Hindu1625

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Hinduism > [noun] > person

gentile1555

Hindu1625

Gentoo1638

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. ix. vi. 1473 The Inhabitants of Indostan..were anciently Gentiles, or notorious Idolaters, called in generall Hindoos, but euer since they were subdued by Tumberlaine, haue beene mixed with Mahometans.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 74 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors The King of Cambaya, who was a Hindou, or Indian, that is, a Pagan.

1794 S. D. Mahomet Trav. through India I. xviii. 173 The native Indians, or Hindoos, are men of strong natural genius, and are, by no means, unacquainted with literature and science.

1835 E. Roberts Scenes & Characteristics of Hindostan I. vii. 181 Even the mild Hindoos are not very governable upon these occasions.

1907 Sister Nivedita Cradle Tales Hinduism 273 The Brahmin caste is the highest and most religious amongst the Hindus.

1940 M. K. Gandhi in Harijan 13 Apr. 92/1 It [sc. Partition] means the undoing of centuries of work done by numberless Hindus and Muslims to live together as one nation.

2009 S. Bahadur Sound of Water iv. 76 Birsa is a devout Hindu and worships Hanuman with a passion.

2. The language Hindi (= Hindi n. 2).Now commonly regarded as erroneous by usage writers.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > central languages > Hindi

Hindu1777

Hindi1782

Hindui1785

1777 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 524/2 We are told that ‘the original Hindoo was translated by the interpreters into the Persian language’.

1906 E. Miller Saul of Tarsus xxx. 348 ‘What saith the Red Brother?’ Lydia asked, in halting Hindu.

1987 J. Arnold Dreams ix. 197 She spent a year in a village near New Delhi... By the time she came back to Iowa, she could speak fluent Hindu and wrap a sari like a pro.

3. Originally and chiefly South African. In form Hindoo. A person of any nationality, ethnicity, or religion who is living in, or has lived in, India; spec. a European, esp. a British person, who has adopted local customs. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of India > [noun] > native or inhabitant of India > European

Indian1751

Anglo-Indian1805

Indo-European1825

Hindu1830

Indo-Briton1831

sahib-log1848

1830 Cape of Good Hope Lit. Gaz. 15 Sept. 43/3 As you seem to be surprised at finding any of the followers of Brahma in Africa, I must explain to you that The Hindoos is a sobriquet applied by the local residents to all visitors from India,—whether they be Koeehies from Calcutta, Mulls from Madras, or Ducks from Bombay.

1957 L. G. Green Beyond City Lights 207 The colony of retired English people it [sc. the Cape] has attracted from India..were nicknamed ‘Hindoos’.

2004 B. Mukherjee Tree Bride v. 142 We'll have no more of these wretched White Hindoos or whatever. Good English drinks, English food, English dress. Agreed?

B. adj.

1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of Hindus or Hinduism. Until the mid 20th century often also with geographical and (very broad) ethnic and cultural reference: see sense A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > Hindu

Hindu1698

Hinduic1834

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Hinduism > [adjective]

Hindu1698

Hinduish1824

Hinduic1834

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 80 The Rajah, according to the Hindu Custom, was weighed in Gold.

1768 A. Dour in tr. 'Inayat Allah Tales I. x. 217 The four great mysteries of the Hindoo religion, only revealed to the Brahmins.

1858 J. B. Norton Topics for Indian Statesmen 30 All the Hindoo and Mahommedan troops in the king's army bound themselves by an oath to defend their sovereign.

1890 R. C. Dutt Hist. Civilisation Anc. India III. v. ii. 236 Wherever Rajput kings conquered and ruled,..temples and Hindu gods multiplied.

1935 M. R. Anand Untouchable (1940) 16 The Brahmins, the Kshatriyas, the two upper castes in Hindu society, justify their superiority by asserting that they have earned their position by the good deeds of multiple lives.

1965 Times of India 22 Mar. 6/5 Varaha was one of the incarnations of Vishnu according to the Hindu scriptures.

2007 S. Tharoor Elephant, Tiger & Cell Phone vii. 75 The Hindu tradition has always been a heterodox one: we have always believed there are versions of divinity for every taste.

2. Of or relating to Hindi (Hindi n. 2).Now commonly regarded as erroneous by usage writers.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > central Indian

Moorish1763

Hindu1768

Hindui1785

Hindustani1786

Hindi1791

Urdu1830

Pahari1837

Gujarati1927

1768 A. Dow tr. M. Firishtah Hist. Hindostan II. v. v. 182 All his reward from the people was the nickname of Andili; which, in the Hindoo language, signifies literally the Blind, and metaphorically, the Foolish.

1871 P. Ghosha Durga Puja App. p. lxiii The fifty letters of the Hindu alphabet represent as many deities residing in various interior parts of the body.

1885 Science 1 May 364/1 In Bengal, the Bengalese is employed; in Behar and the north-western provinces, the Urdu and Hindu dialects.

2011 A. Smith Shanti Bloody Shanti (2013) x. 199 The door has Hindu script painted across it in red.

Compounds

C1. Combining with adjectives or nouns to form adjectives, with the sense ‘(partly) Hindu and (partly) ——’ or ‘between Hindu peoples or Hinduism and ——’.

ΚΠ

1826 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Dec. 638 The ruins of a Hindu Javanese temple are still to be seen, about four days' journey inland from the old settlement.

1895 Rep. Native Papers (India Office Libr. & Rec.) 11 May 10 We have seen accounts in the papers of the Hindu-Christian riot..in which a Hindu chariot procession..was obstructed by the Christians, and a Deputy Collector was killed.

1908 Times of India 30 May During one of these raids a Hindu-British subject was captured and carried off.

1956 India Q. 12 94 The author..pleads strongly for a Punjabi State and Hindu-Sikh unity.

1974 H. Chaudhuri Being, Evol. & Immortality viii. 73 The Hindu–Buddhist tradition has laid much stress upon the impermanence of the world.

2015 Daily Star (Bangladesh) Electronic ed. 28 Nov. Once again the perennial question of Hindu–Muslim relations has come to the fore.

C2.

Hindu calendar n. any of various Indian calendars; now esp. a traditional calendar used in Hinduism to determine the dates of religious festivals and astrological phenomena.Hindu calendars are now distinguished from the standardized Indian National Calendar, which is used for secular purposes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > reckoning of time > calendar > [noun] > specific calendars

Gregorian Calendarc1275

Julian Calendarc1275

fastia1387

almanacc1392

prognostication1486

shepherd's calendar1506

ephemeris1559

perpetual almanac?1566

perpetual calendar1577

ephemeris1647

primstaff1662

rim-stock1662

parapegma1671

Poor Robin1708

menologium1709

menologion1727

rune-staff1753

Liberian Calendar1754

parapegm1755

timetable1758

prognosticator1779

Hindu calendar1795

Moore's Almanac1806

Moorea1821

numeral1853

Advent calendar1867

paddywhack almanac1875

paddy1876

Islamic calendar1912

1795 J. Anderson Misc. Communications 40 The length of the diurnal and nocturnal arcs, are also given in the Hindoo Calendar.

1894 Jrnl. Anthropol. Soc. Bombay 3 95 The rainy season..lasts till September and October (Asin of the Hindu Calendar).

2011 Fodor's Essent. India v. 228 The dates of most of Rajasthan's festivals are determined using the Hindu calendar, so timing varies from year to year.

Hindu trinity n. the gods Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, regarded collectively as aspects of Brahman, the supreme deity; = Trimurti n.Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva embody the principles of creation, preservation, and destruction respectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > other deities > [noun] > Indian or Hindu > trinity of gods

Hindu trinity1787

Trimurti1836

1787 C. Wilkins in tr. Hĕĕtōpădēs of Vĕĕshnŏŏ-Sărmā Notes 315 The three persons of the Hindoo trinity, Brahmā, Veeshnoo, (or Nārayana) and Seeva,..mean but one God, Brahm or Brahmă.

1830 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. 3 i. 273 What is called the Hindoo trinity has nothing in common with the Christian doctrine of the trinity, or with the Platonic trinity, or any other trinity, save the simple numerical accident of threeness.

2013 Theatre Jrnl. 65 484 Shiva is the god of destruction in the Hindu trinity, complementing Vishnu's status as the god of preservation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	hindu
释义	Hindun.adj. Brit. /ˈhɪnduː/, /hɪnˈduː/, U.S. /ˈhɪndu/ Forms: 1600s Hindoes (plural), 1600s Hindou, 1600s Hindoy, 1600s Indou, 1600s– Hindoo, 1600s– Hindu, 1800s Hindo. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Hindi. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Hindi hindū; Urdu hindū; Persian hindū. Etymology: < (i) Hindi hindū and Urdu hindū, originally denoting a person from India, now specifically a follower of Hinduism, and its etymon (ii) Persian hindū, in the same senses (Middle Persian hindūg , denoting a person from India), apparently formed already in Old Persian < a name for (parts of) India (attested in Achaemenian Old Persian as hiⁿdu , denoting an eastern province of the Achaemenid empire: see the discussion at India n.) + a suffix -ka-, forming adjectives. Compare Portuguese hindu* (16th cent.), French hindou (1653 as indou). A. n. 1. A follower of the religious traditions of Hinduism (Hinduism n.). Until the mid 20th century often also with geographical and (very broad) ethnic and cultural reference: a non-Muslim native of Hindustan (see the etymological note at Hindustan n.) or India.The form Hindoo, common in both British and Indian English sources until the end of the 19th cent., is now typically associated with colonial history and considered racially offensive. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > Hindu Hindu1625 society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Hinduism > [noun] > person gentile1555 Hindu1625 Gentoo1638 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. ix. vi. 1473 The Inhabitants of Indostan..were anciently Gentiles, or notorious Idolaters, called in generall Hindoos, but euer since they were subdued by Tumberlaine, haue beene mixed with Mahometans. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 74 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors The King of Cambaya, who was a Hindou, or Indian, that is, a Pagan. 1794 S. D. Mahomet Trav. through India I. xviii. 173 The native Indians, or Hindoos, are men of strong natural genius, and are, by no means, unacquainted with literature and science. 1835 E. Roberts Scenes & Characteristics of Hindostan I. vii. 181 Even the mild Hindoos are not very governable upon these occasions. 1907 Sister Nivedita Cradle Tales Hinduism 273 The Brahmin caste is the highest and most religious amongst the Hindus. 1940 M. K. Gandhi in Harijan 13 Apr. 92/1 It [sc. Partition] means the undoing of centuries of work done by numberless Hindus and Muslims to live together as one nation. 2009 S. Bahadur Sound of Water iv. 76 Birsa is a devout Hindu and worships Hanuman with a passion. 2. The language Hindi (= Hindi n. 2).Now commonly regarded as erroneous by usage writers. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > central languages > Hindi Hindu1777 Hindi1782 Hindui1785 1777 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 524/2 We are told that ‘the original Hindoo was translated by the interpreters into the Persian language’. 1906 E. Miller Saul of Tarsus xxx. 348 ‘What saith the Red Brother?’ Lydia asked, in halting Hindu. 1987 J. Arnold Dreams ix. 197 She spent a year in a village near New Delhi... By the time she came back to Iowa, she could speak fluent Hindu and wrap a sari like a pro. 3. Originally and chiefly South African. In form Hindoo. A person of any nationality, ethnicity, or religion who is living in, or has lived in, India; spec. a European, esp. a British person, who has adopted local customs. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of India > [noun] > native or inhabitant of India > European Indian1751 Anglo-Indian1805 Indo-European1825 Hindu1830 Indo-Briton1831 sahib-log1848 1830 Cape of Good Hope Lit. Gaz. 15 Sept. 43/3 As you seem to be surprised at finding any of the followers of Brahma in Africa, I must explain to you that The Hindoos is a sobriquet applied by the local residents to all visitors from India,—whether they be Koeehies from Calcutta, Mulls from Madras, or Ducks from Bombay. 1957 L. G. Green Beyond City Lights 207 The colony of retired English people it [sc. the Cape] has attracted from India..were nicknamed ‘Hindoos’. 2004 B. Mukherjee Tree Bride v. 142 We'll have no more of these wretched White Hindoos or whatever. Good English drinks, English food, English dress. Agreed? B. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of Hindus or Hinduism. Until the mid 20th century often also with geographical and (very broad) ethnic and cultural reference: see sense A. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > Hindu Hindu1698 Hinduic1834 society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Hinduism > [adjective] Hindu1698 Hinduish1824 Hinduic1834 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 80 The Rajah, according to the Hindu Custom, was weighed in Gold. 1768 A. Dour in tr. 'Inayat Allah Tales I. x. 217 The four great mysteries of the Hindoo religion, only revealed to the Brahmins. 1858 J. B. Norton Topics for Indian Statesmen 30 All the Hindoo and Mahommedan troops in the king's army bound themselves by an oath to defend their sovereign. 1890 R. C. Dutt Hist. Civilisation Anc. India III. v. ii. 236 Wherever Rajput kings conquered and ruled,..temples and Hindu gods multiplied. 1935 M. R. Anand Untouchable (1940) 16 The Brahmins, the Kshatriyas, the two upper castes in Hindu society, justify their superiority by asserting that they have earned their position by the good deeds of multiple lives. 1965 Times of India 22 Mar. 6/5 Varaha was one of the incarnations of Vishnu according to the Hindu scriptures. 2007 S. Tharoor Elephant, Tiger & Cell Phone vii. 75 The Hindu tradition has always been a heterodox one: we have always believed there are versions of divinity for every taste. 2. Of or relating to Hindi (Hindi n. 2).Now commonly regarded as erroneous by usage writers. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > central Indian Moorish1763 Hindu1768 Hindui1785 Hindustani1786 Hindi1791 Urdu1830 Pahari1837 Gujarati1927 1768 A. Dow tr. M. Firishtah Hist. Hindostan II. v. v. 182 All his reward from the people was the nickname of Andili; which, in the Hindoo language, signifies literally the Blind, and metaphorically, the Foolish. 1871 P. Ghosha Durga Puja App. p. lxiii The fifty letters of the Hindu alphabet represent as many deities residing in various interior parts of the body. 1885 Science 1 May 364/1 In Bengal, the Bengalese is employed; in Behar and the north-western provinces, the Urdu and Hindu dialects. 2011 A. Smith Shanti Bloody Shanti (2013) x. 199 The door has Hindu script painted across it in red. Compounds C1. Combining with adjectives or nouns to form adjectives, with the sense ‘(partly) Hindu and (partly) ——’ or ‘between Hindu peoples or Hinduism and ——’. ΚΠ 1826 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Dec. 638 The ruins of a Hindu Javanese temple are still to be seen, about four days' journey inland from the old settlement. 1895 Rep. Native Papers (India Office Libr. & Rec.) 11 May 10 We have seen accounts in the papers of the Hindu-Christian riot..in which a Hindu chariot procession..was obstructed by the Christians, and a Deputy Collector was killed. 1908 Times of India 30 May During one of these raids a Hindu-British subject was captured and carried off. 1956 India Q. 12 94 The author..pleads strongly for a Punjabi State and Hindu-Sikh unity. 1974 H. Chaudhuri Being, Evol. & Immortality viii. 73 The Hindu–Buddhist tradition has laid much stress upon the impermanence of the world. 2015 Daily Star (Bangladesh) Electronic ed. 28 Nov. Once again the perennial question of Hindu–Muslim relations has come to the fore. C2. Hindu calendar n. any of various Indian calendars; now esp. a traditional calendar used in Hinduism to determine the dates of religious festivals and astrological phenomena.Hindu calendars are now distinguished from the standardized Indian National Calendar, which is used for secular purposes. ΘΚΠ the world > time > reckoning of time > calendar > [noun] > specific calendars Gregorian Calendarc1275 Julian Calendarc1275 fastia1387 almanacc1392 prognostication1486 shepherd's calendar1506 ephemeris1559 perpetual almanac?1566 perpetual calendar1577 ephemeris1647 primstaff1662 rim-stock1662 parapegma1671 Poor Robin1708 menologium1709 menologion1727 rune-staff1753 Liberian Calendar1754 parapegm1755 timetable1758 prognosticator1779 Hindu calendar1795 Moore's Almanac1806 Moorea1821 numeral1853 Advent calendar1867 paddywhack almanac1875 paddy1876 Islamic calendar1912 1795 J. Anderson Misc. Communications 40 The length of the diurnal and nocturnal arcs, are also given in the Hindoo Calendar. 1894 Jrnl. Anthropol. Soc. Bombay 3 95 The rainy season..lasts till September and October (Asin of the Hindu Calendar). 2011 Fodor's Essent. India v. 228 The dates of most of Rajasthan's festivals are determined using the Hindu calendar, so timing varies from year to year. Hindu trinity n. the gods Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, regarded collectively as aspects of Brahman, the supreme deity; = Trimurti n.Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva embody the principles of creation, preservation, and destruction respectively. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > other deities > [noun] > Indian or Hindu > trinity of gods Hindu trinity1787 Trimurti1836 1787 C. Wilkins in tr. Hĕĕtōpădēs of Vĕĕshnŏŏ-Sărmā Notes 315 The three persons of the Hindoo trinity, Brahmā, Veeshnoo, (or Nārayana) and Seeva,..mean but one God, Brahm or Brahmă. 1830 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. 3 i. 273 What is called the Hindoo trinity has nothing in common with the Christian doctrine of the trinity, or with the Platonic trinity, or any other trinity, save the simple numerical accident of threeness. 2013 Theatre Jrnl. 65 484 Shiva is the god of destruction in the Hindu trinity, complementing Vishnu's status as the god of preservation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1625
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