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单词 high school
释义

high schooln.

Brit. /ˈhʌɪ ˌskuːl/, U.S. /ˈhaɪ ˌskul/
Forms: see high adj. and n.2 and school n.1
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: high adj., school n.1
Etymology: < high adj. + school n.1 Compare Middle Dutch hoge scole , hoochscole school offering advanced teaching, especially of the classics (Dutch hogeschool any institution of further education), Middle Low German hōge schōle university, Middle High German hōhe schuole , hōchschuole university (German Hochschule any institution of further education). Compare also post-classical Latin alta schola school offering advanced education (14th cent. denoting such a school at Winchester; compare quots. c1417, 1488 at sense 1a). Several other post-classical Latin expressions are used to denote such schools, as magna schola ‘great school’ (13th cent. denoting such a school in Suffolk; compare quot. 1647 at sense 1a), schola maior ‘greater school’ (from 1302 in continental sources). With sense 1b compare also post-classical Latin archigymnasium (from 15th cent. or earlier in continental sources, often with sense ‘university’).In sense 2 after French haute école acrobatic horseback exercises, advanced dressage (1755, as also †basse école exercises for mounting a horse, basics, lit. ‘low school’).
1.
a. (A name for) a school that provides relatively advanced education to older children, with or (now chiefly) without elementary education; esp. (in Britain) any of the grammar schools (grammar school n. 1) founded in the 16th cent. or earlier (now chiefly in the names of such schools); (originally and chiefly North American) a secondary school, spec. a senior high school (cf. senior high n. at senior adj. and n. Compounds 1, high n.2 9).A school (known in Latin as alta scola in the late 14th cent.) existed in Winchester between the 12th and 16th centuries (cf. quots. c1417, 1488). The first school in Britain with this name in continuous existence down to the present is that established in Edinburgh c1517. In the year of its foundation this is referred to in the records of the Town Council as ‘the principale schule’ and ‘the principall gramer schule’, and it had by municipal enactment the exclusive privilege of teaching the higher branches of school learning within the burgh. In 1531 it is mentioned as ‘the hie schule’ (see quot. 1531); this name occurs frequently in the 16th cent., and from the 17th cent. onwards has continued to be the official name of the institution, now known as the ‘Royal High School’. From the 16th cent. the designation is applied to grammar schools in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Exeter (apparently not the same as the Exeter Free Grammar School: see quot. 1861) and Bury St Edmunds. About the middle of the 19th cent. the name of ‘High School’ was given, after the example of Edinburgh, to the principal secondary school in many Scottish burghs, these schools having been mostly either founded or reconstituted at that time. In the United States, the first use appears to be in 1824, when the English Classical School in Boston was renamed the English High School (see quot. 1825). In England, the official designation ‘High School’ originally referred to the schools established and managed by the Girls' Public Day-school Company (founded 1874) and to other schools, in England and the British Empire, based on this model, usually including elementary as well as secondary classes. From about the middle of the 20th cent., in Britain and other English-speaking countries, the term has increasingly come to designate any secondary school (both informally and in official names), the age-range sometimes differing country by country.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > secondary school
high schoolc1417
academyc1550
real school1765
central school1794
secondary school1809
real scholar1822
lyceum1827
Realschule1833
gymnasium1834
continuation-school1837
college1841
lycée1865
middle school1870
high1871
senior school1871
senior high1909
secondary modern school1943
comprehensive1947
secondary1962
community college1967
multilateral1967
sec-mod1968
c1417 in D. Keene & A. R. Rumble Surv. Medieval Winchester (1985) II. 865/2 Hye scole.
1488 in J. Greatrex Reg. Common Seal St. Swithun Winchester (1978) 157 High scole.
1531 Edinb. Town Council Rec. 19 Mar. I. 38 a Maister Adam Melvil maister of the hie Schule oblist him to mak the bairnys perfyte gramarians within thrie ȝeires.
1561 in B. Mains & A. Tuck Royal Grammar School Newcastle upon Tyne (1986) 7 The mayster of the Hygh Skull.
1579 in R. Chambers Dom. Ann. Scot. (1885) 84 To vesie the maister of the Hie Schule tragedies to be made by the bairns, and to report.
1602 A. Hume (title) A diduction of the true and catholik meaning of our Sauiour his words..Compiled by Alexander Hume Maister of the high Schoole of Edinburgh.
1622 in Rep. Records Exeter (Historical Manuscripts Commission) (1916) 134 Schoolemaister of the Haigh School in the Cittie of Exeter.
1647 in W. Page Counties of England: Suffolk (Victoria County Histories) (1907) II. 319 To replenyshe the hye schoole with many of his schollers which he now teachethe.
1692 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 157 He had been instructed in Grammaticals in the high School at Exeter under Mr. Will. Hayter and partly at Liskerd under one Granger.
1715 Select Rules of Genders of Nouns & Heteroclites p. iii To the Gentlemen that have been Educated within these last Twenty Years in the High School of Exon.
1763 D. Hume Let. 9 Nov. (1932) I. 412 He is too far advanced by his learning for the class in the High School to which he is put, and yet he is too young to go to the College.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 73 The old Town-Guard of Edinburgh, who..were, in my boyhood, the alternate terror and derision of the petulant brood of the High School.
1825 C. H. Snow Hist. Boston lix. 353 The plan for the establishment of the English Classical school (now called the English High school) was brought forward..June 17, 1820..; the school went into operation, in May, 1821.
1826 Acc. High School for Girls (Boston, U.S.) 3 The English High School [for boys] has been in successful operation since 1821; and the satisfactory result of this experiment prepared the way for the establishment of the High School for Girls.
1844 R. W. Emerson New Eng. Reformers in Ess. 2nd Ser. 262 In a hundred high-schools and colleges.
1861 G. Oliver Hist. Exeter v. 170 Besides the ancient Grammar School within St. John's Hospital, we meet with the ‘High School’, in Trinity-lane, (now Musgrave's-alley) founded in 1343, by Richard de Braylegh, Dean of Exeter.
1875 A. McDowall Let. 9 Oct. in V. E. Stack Oxf. High School (1963) i. 1 At a special Council meeting..it was resolved..to open the Oxford High School on Wednesday November 3rd.
1893 W. H. Wylie & J. P. Briscoe Pop. Hist. Nottingham xii. 122 In..1868, the Free Grammar School was removed..to..Arboretum Street, and its designation was changed to that of ‘The High School’.
1933 V. Brittain Test. of Youth i. i. 37 I often privately condemned my parents for not sending me to Cheltenham, or Roedean, or even to an ordinary High School.
1944 J. H. Murdoch High Schools N.Z. 61 The Inspectors were obviously overworked inspecting a number of private and district high schools as well as all the State high schools.
1979 Tucson (Arizona) Mag. Feb. 42/1 Back in high school, I tried other so-called sports, but I always went back to rodeo.
2010 Evening News (Norwich) (Nexis) 14 May We would like to hear from any local high schools who would like us to come in to either give a short talk, or run an emotional health lesson.
b. An institution for very advanced instruction; an establishment of higher education, a university. Frequently figurative or in figurative contexts. Obsolete.In quot. 1792 the term is used to distinguish certain universities above others.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > college or university > [noun]
high school1581
school1701
lyceum1832
knowledge factory1845
1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints i. f. 10 And to this high schoole of Dyuinity hee that knoweth not his Grammer, much lesse any other science shall be admitted at the first.
1634 T. Jackson Knowledg of Christ Jesus iv. 20 To know what questions belong to this present inferiour Schoole; and what they be which must be reserved unto the high Schoole Everlasting.
1638 F. Rous Heavenly Acad. v. 71 Hee talks with the troubled soule in her owne language, having thorowly learned it in this high schoole of experience.
1648 J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme Descr. Three Princ. xxvi. 373 This is yet the greatest Misery of all, that this is done by the Learned in the high Schooles [or Universities] [Ger. Schulen] of this world.
1671 J. Ogilby tr. O. Dapper et al. Atlas Chinensis 688 In the Gallery of the high School at Leyden are kept two of the foremention'd Canes.
1754 J. M. Magens tr. P. S. Nakskow Art. Faith Holy Evangelical Church xiii. 132 He, as the Apostle of the Gentiles, came in his Travels to the City of Athens, where there was a high School.
1792 J. Gutch tr. A. à Wood Hist. & Antiq. Univ. Oxf. I. 560 Then of those fourteen Universities he reckoneth seven of them to be high Schools (of which Paris is the first) four of them being of Germany his own nation, and the last Cambridge.
2. The more complex movements and exercises taught in a riding school; advanced dressage. Cf. school n.1 9d.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > art of horse-riding > the more difficult feats
high school1857
haute école1858
1857 Aberdeen Jrnl. 21 Oct. 4/3 The following Talented Artistes will have the honour of appearing in Aberdeen:—Madame Valentine Powell, The great exponent of the Haute Ecole or New Style of Riding, in the High School of Menage.
1884 E. L. Anderson Mod. Horsemanship ii. xvii. 154 At so early a period as the middle of the sixteenth century the most finished air of the high school (the capriole) was practised.
1903 Amer. Horse Show Blue Bk. II. 88 High school horse; conformation, beauty and style to count 40 per cent; performances in high school to count 60 per cent.
1946 Life 14 Oct. 53/1 Dressage..has come down to us from the cavalry schools of Naples and Vienna..where the famous haute école, or ‘high school’, techniques of rearing, pirouetting and changes of pace were developed.
2004 P. J. Cronin Schooling & Riding Sport Horse i. 33 To the uneducated eye, ordinary contact with the horse connected in forward balance might look collected, but in high school the word collection is a special term.

Compounds

C1. Chiefly North American.
a. General attributive.
ΚΠ
1926 Amer. Math. Monthly 33 (advt.) This book [is] particularly well adapted to recreational mathematics for the high school student.
1934 Arlington Heights (Illinois) Herald 1 June 1/3 The prom goers will dance in the high school gym.
1942 Fortune Nov. 20/2 Do you think high-school teachers should or should not discuss things like communism, fascism, and nazism in class?
1999 F. McCourt 'Tis xxviii. 224 She says a girl who's pinned is engaged to be engaged and you can tell if a girl is pinned when she wears her boyfriend's high school graduation ring on a necklace.
2011 R. Yañez Cross over Water 45 The T-shirt and athletic shorts she wore left no doubt that she was a high school cheerleader.
b. Designating a student in a particular year of secondary education, as high school senior, high school sophomore, etc.
ΚΠ
1877 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 8 June The Boston Herald thinks the New England high school system needs reforming, and says that ‘in a neighboring city not one pupil in a class of high school seniors was found capable of writing a correctly spelled and properly punctuated English composition’.
1893 Lowell (Mass.) Daily Sun 7 July 1/5 (heading) More high school freshmen.
1938 Amer. Home Jan. 24/1 Roughly speaking, sub-debs are the older high school or prep school crowd. High school freshmen sometimes edge into such a group but it is really the upper classmen for whom I am writing.
1991 Christian Sci. Monitor 13 Dec. 19 When I was a high school junior in Tokyo, our literature teacher gave the class a theme for a composition.
2010 J. Eugenides in New Yorker 7 June 62/2 The only other boy she'd fooled around with was a high-school senior visiting campus for Early Action weekend.
C2.
high school dropout n. chiefly North American a student who leaves high school without achieving any academic qualifications or without completing the course of study necessary to graduate; cf. dropout n. 2.
ΚΠ
1921 Man. Training Mag. June 380/2 One field secretary is devoting his entire time to a study of high school drop-outs.
1951 Alton (Illinois) Evening Tel. 23 Feb. 3/1 (advt.) The course prepares you for college. If you are a High School ‘drop-out’, we'll accept credits already earned.
2001 N.Y. Mag. 20 Aug. 14/4 He challenged the way things were done. He questioned procedures. He was perhaps the most creative cop in history. Not bad for a high school dropout.
high school sweetheart n. chiefly North American a person with whom one was romantically involved at high school.
ΚΠ
1904 Warren Rev. (Indiana) 8 Dec. 3/4 The couple were high school sweethearts at Attica and the ceremony Saturday was the culmination of that romance.
1979 Pop. Mech. June 80/2 Going back to see your old high-school sweetheart after 25 years can be a chilling experience.
2011 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 9 Jan. (Educ. Life section) 22/1 Generations of high school sweethearts have stayed together into college, but the connection tends to unravel amid the charms of a new campus.

Derivatives

ˈhigh schooler n. chiefly North American
ΚΠ
1899 Evening Democrat (Warren, Pa.) 13 May The High schoolers are busily engaged in figuring out just how many hours are yet to be spent in the school room.
1977 Rolling Stone 30 June 60/2 High schoolers will dye their hair gray, and buy iron-on wrinkles, and yearn for the day when their bodies begin to sag.
2006 S. Lamb & L. M. Brown Packaging Girlhood (2007) iv. 196 Teen magazines are everywhere a high schooler or middle schooler goes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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