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单词 high german
释义

High Germann.adj.

Brit. /ˌhʌɪ ˈdʒəːmən/, U.S. /ˌhaɪ ˈdʒərmən/
Forms: see high adj. and n.2 and German n. and adj.
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: high adj., German n.; high adj., German adj.
Etymology: As noun < high adj. + German n. As adjective < high adj. + German adj. Originally after German hochdeutsch (adjective) of or relating to the German-speaking regions south of the Main, of or relating to forms of the German language spoken in these regions, also specifically to the language of chancery underlying modern standard German (all 15th cent., also as noun; in modern philological use: J. Grimm Deutsche Grammatik I. (1819) xxvi., also as noun); compare Middle Low German hōchdǖdesch , in the same senses (late 15th cent., also as noun). Compare High Dutch n. and adj.. Compare also Low German n. and Low German adj.Compare †High Germany, as name of the broadly corresponding geographical area, after Middle Low German Hōchdǖtschlant southern Germany, especially areas not associated with the Hanseatic League, German †Hochdeutschland Germany south of the Main (15th cent.), probably ultimately after classical Latin Germānia superior, the name of a Roman province centred on the middle Rhine valley comprising parts of present-day south-west Germany, eastern France and Switzerland. Compare the following early examples in English contexts:1530 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman (new ed.) sig. Cvjv Euene as they dyd in hygh Germany To the Emperour lewes of Bauerye.1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles iii. f. cxxviii Valerianus was wyth an hoost in hygh Germany [Ger. hoch Deudschland]..Probus had many and noble victoryes in lowe Germany [Ger. inn hoch vnd nidder Deudschland].
A. n.
1. A native or inhabitant of the highlands in the south of Germany; a speaker of High German (see sense A. 2).
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the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > parts of
Easterling1253
Sprucier1443
Suevian1549
High German1550
Low German1550
Prussian1554
Lusatian1555
Westphalian1576
Borussian1607
Rhinelander1608
Eastman1610
Belgic1615
Franconian1615
Thuringian1618
Swab1637
spruce1640
Silesian1669
Swabian1675
palatinate1709
Hessian1729
Saxon1737
Austrasian1833
East German1838
Balt1854
West German1855
Württemberger1896
Sudeten1938
East German1947
West German1947
Saarlander1955
Ossi1989
Wessi1990
1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles iii. f. cxxix The Alemans were the hygh Germanes [Ger. die Hochdeudschen], whiche now are called Schwaben, Schweitzer & Baier.
1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. E4v A name which Ide teare out From the hye Germaines throat.
1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xlii. 349 The huff, snuff..swash-buckling High Germans.
1731 T. Stackhouse Refl. on Nature & Prop. of Langs. viii. 56 An Italian and a Frenchman are at first no way less Barbarous and Unintelligible to one another, than a Frenchman and a High German.
1770 in T. Nugent tr. E. Toze Present State Europe III. vii. 104 So often as the Low Germans (such as the ancient Saxons were) make use of the letter P. the High Germans convert it with a sort of aspiration, into PF.
1838 W. B. Winning Man. Compar. Philol. i. iii. 47 On the principle of Grimm's law, we exclude the Perso-Grecians, High Germans, and Goths, from among the earliest colonists of Italy.
1873 Once Week 26 Apr. 363/1 ‘Never shall thou say that thou hast a firmer friend than Ocean,’ a motto to which the High Germans could never heretofore lay claim.
1927 Wisconsin Mag. Hist. 10 439 The settlers about there were mainly High Germans from Hesse-Darmstadt.
1985 Social Sci. Hist. 9 251 Everyday Englishmen, Dutchmen, and High Germans came from very far away,..to buy immigrant servants in Philadelphia.
2004 D. J. Harreld (title) High Germans in the Low Countries: German merchants and commerce in golden age Antwerp.
2. The form of West Germanic language of those regions of Central and Upper Germany which can be opposed to the Low German dialect area.Its chief characteristic is that certain consonants have been altered by what is called the ‘second sound shift’ from their original Germanic sounds, which the other dialects in the main preserve.See also Middle High German n. at middle adj. and n. Compounds 1a, New High German n. at new adj. and n. Compounds 2a, Old High German n. at old adj. Compounds 7b.
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the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > German > varieties of
High Dutch1560
High German1652
Swabian?1743
Alsatian1826
Varangian1831
Pennsylvania Dutch1848
Viennese1849
Pennsylvania German1853
Frankish1863
Tyroler1887
Limburger1932
1652 H. Bell in tr. M. Luther (title) Colloquia mensalia..translated out of the high Germane into the English tongue, by Capt. Henrie Bell.
1673 Answer to Two Lett. of T. B. 59 If you will be Ingenuous, you must Write to me next in Latine, Greek, Hebrew, Ethiopick, Spanish, French, High German, or any other Tongue I understand not, or else you lose a Play-Fellow of me.
1696 A. Gavin tr. J. Dubourdieu Hist. Diss. Thebean Legion i. 3 Duke Schomberg speaking High-German to one of the Guards of that Nation.
1756 Connoisseur No. 138. 833 The boars of Westphalia gruntle as expressively through the nose, as the inhabitants in High-German.
1795 J. Farington Diary 25 Dec. (1978) II. 455 In both these Countries High German is only learnt in Schools.
1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 192 The German or Teutonic language may be divided into two great branches..the High German, or the language of Southern Germany; and the Low German, or Saxon.
1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence i. 5 Luther..made the High German the literary language of all German-speaking people.
1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 779/2 The boundary-line between Low and High German..may roughly be indicated by the..place-names, on the understanding..that the Ripuarian dialect..is to be classed with High German.
1963 J. A. Hostetler Amish Society vi. 140 High German..is used exclusively for the preaching service and at formal ceremonial occasions.
1981 C. L. Schmid Confl. & Consensus in Switzerland ii. 29 While all German Swiss children learn high German in school, it is simply never used in ordinary conversation.
2010 R. H. Sanders German iii. 91 The -rih ending of the lance inscription is thought to be a consequence of a new sound shift and hence the earliest recorded word in High German.
B. adj.
1. Of or relating to the highlands in the south of Germany or to speakers of High German.
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the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [adjective] > parts of Germany
Suevical1560
Swevical1560
Prussian1565
Suevian1574
Thuringian1607
Franconian1608
Suevic1638
High German1640
Saxonic1647
Saxon1654
Swabian1684
Saxonian1761
Hanoverian1775
Low German1808
East German1849
West German1850
West German1946
Balt1954
1640 H. Glapthorne Wit in Constable i. sig. B2v Walke like Faustus, Or some high German conjurer.
1665 B. Gerbier Subsidium Peregrinantibus 69 The two maine points, very much stood upon by the High German Nobility, a Princely Traveller having discoursed thereon.
1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius 8 Feb. His Fingers..will not suffer him to keep any Money between them, after he has got it there; as he once told an High-German Artist.
1767 ‘A. Barton’ Disappointment ii. i. 36 I liv'd with my uncle, at Germantown, a High-German doctor; who cou'd tell fortunes, detect lost maidenheads, lay spirits, raise the devil, find stolen goods, and discover hidden treasure.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xiii. 288 This High German land-louper, Dousterswivel.
1883 R. Ferguson Surnames as Sci. iv. 74 While all the settlements in England must be taken to have been made by a Low German race, a large proportion of those in Germany must be taken to have been made by a High German people.
1921 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 20 321 The High German legend remembers Hagen as a murderer.
1994 S. Romaine Lang. in Society v. 135 This principle would predict, among other things, that all instances of /p/ in early Germanic would become /f/ all over the High German territory, regardless of the words these sounds occurred in.
2010 O. W. Robinson Grimm Lang. iii. 32 In much of the High German area, no simple preterite exists for this verb.
2. Spoken in the highlands in the south of Germany; belonging or relating to High German; written or spoken in High German.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > German > High or Low German
High Dutch1574
Low Dutch1597
High German1660
Low German1660
Pennsylvania German1866
1660 G. Havers tr. M. de Scudéry Clelia IV. ii. 155 His Amynta shall come in time to be translated into the French, Spanish, English, High and Low German Languages [Fr. en Flaman, & en Aleman].
1694 J. Crull Denmark Vindicated 32 I have..thought convenient to translate some Passages relating to this Point, out of the High German Tongue.
1733 Present State Republick Lett. 12 160 This curious Book is written in the High German Language, and printed for Matthias Adam Hoger.
1776 J. Hawkins Gen. Hist. Music III. i. v. 77 Sleidan asserts that he [sc. Luther] paraphrased in the High German language.
1801 German Museum May 366 The more generally the high German dialect was diffused by means of Luther's translation of the Bible, the more was also the low German language discontinued by the respective German authors.
1862 Amer. Jrnl. Educ. 11 435 [Caspar von] Stieler's chief production is his ‘Treasury of the German language’... To this he subjoined a ‘Brief manual of the High German grammar’.
1895 C. Thomas Pract. German Gram. 371 (heading) The High German shifting of consonants.
1933 M. R. Brailsford tr. H. Pinnow Hist. Germany 5 The High German permutation of consonants which set in in the seventh century A.D.
1986 B. Fussell I hear Amer. Cooking v. xxii. 392 Torte was a High German word for a baked cake.
2005 P. Rosenberg in P. Auer et al. Dial. Change ii. viii. 229 Today, High German noun inflection is, for the most part, restricted to the genitive singular and the plural.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1550
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