heriotn.

Brit.

/ˈhɛrɪət/, U.S.

/ˈhɛriət/

Forms: Old English heregeatu, heregeatwa, -we, Middle English heriet, 1500s her(r)iotte, haryotte, ( aryott), 1500s–1600s har(r)iot, 1600s herriott, 1600s–1700s herriot, Middle English, 1600s– heriot.

Etymology: Old English heregeatwa , -we , < here here n.¹ army, host + geatwa, geatwe trappings, equipments, ornaments, armour.

†1. Military equipments. (Only in Old English.)

ΚΠ

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxvii. §1 Mid gyldenum hylt sweordum, and mid manigfealdum heregeatwum gehyrste.

c993 Battle of Maldon 48 Hi willað eow to gafole garas syllan, ættrene ord and ealda swurd, ða heregeatu ðe eow æt hilde ne deah.

a. English Law. A feudal service, originally consisting of weapons, horses, and other military equipments, restored to a lord on the death of his tenant; afterwards a render of the best live beast or dead chattel of a deceased tenant due by legal custom to the lord of whom he held; the corresponding payment in Scottish Law was the hereyeld n.At an early period this render was commuted in many cases for a fixed money payment. The heriot is now an incident of manorial tenures only. In some exceptional cases, it is also due on a change of tenants, and even on the entry of a new lord. suit heriot: see quot. 1882.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > on death of vassal

heriotc950

hereyeld?a1500

mainmorte1604

farleu1670

c950 Dipl. Angl. Ævi Sax. (Thornton) 499 And þam cinge minne hæregeatwa, feower sweord, and feower spæra, and feower scyldas.

a1035 Laws of Cnut (Schmid) ii. c. 71 [72] And beon þa here-geata [v.rr. heregeate, herigeata] swa hit mæðlic sy. Eorles..eahta hors, feower gesadelode and feower ungesadelode, and feower helmas and feower byrnan and ehta spera and eall swa feala scylda and feower swurd and twa hund mancus goldes.

a1035 Laws of Cnut ii. c. 78 [79] Se man þe on þam fyrdunge ætforan his hlaforde fealle..beon þa heregeata forgyfene.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 445/480 On of is pouere Men wende of lif-dawe, And is beste best to heriet men brouȝte him, ase it was lawe.

1343 in W. Kennett Parochial Antiq. (1818) II. 83 Juliana Hardy..diem clausit extremam, et accidit domino nova heriota ii. boves pret. xvi s.

c1500 in W. Denton Eng. in 15th Cent. (1888) 319 (note) Now yowr farmor takes in & lettes at hys wylle with owt fyne or aryott to yowe.

1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xii. f. 24 There be two maner of herryottes.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Ample For a Heriot whereof the Landlord takes his deceased tenants best horse.

1647 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Worse Times iv. i. 134 There accrweth to the Land-Lord a fine and Herriot from his Tenant, taking a further Estate in his Lease.

1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew i. sig. B2^v What Hariots have you tane from forlorne Widows?

1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. (1809) vi. 97 Heriots..are a render of the best beast or other good (as the custom may be) to the lord on the death of the tenant.

1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. 426 The heriot conveyed the acknowledgement of former vassalage, and, from analogy, one was claimed by the church at the death of every believer.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. ii. 24 (note) The warhorse and spear were the gift of the princeps and the origin of the later heriot.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. ix. 261 The change of the heriot to the relief implies a suspension of ownership, and carries with it the custom of livery of seisin.

1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. vi. 162 The Heriot of English Copyhold tenure..has been explained as an acknowledgment of the Lord's ownership of the cattle with which he anciently stocked the land of his villeins.

1882 A. Brown Scriven's Treat. Law Copyholds (ed. 6) vi. §1 213 A heriot reserved on lease, or suit heriot, partakes strictly of the nature of rent, so that the lord cannot seize, but must either distrain..or bring an action.

b. transferred. Applied to analogous payments in other countries.

ΚΠ

1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xviii. 430 The petty-Landlords of the times, to whom rich fines and herriots would accrue upon every exchange..took part with Andronicus.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. xxxvii. 71 He is contented with a white Mule and a Purse of Pistols about the neck, which he receives evry yeer for a heriot or homage.

1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xxi. 448 The eldest Son is sole Heir, but is obliged to present a Slave by way of Herriot to the King.

c. figurative.

ΚΠ

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 228 His body was interred..in Llangeday, the heriot which every son of Adam must pay to the Lord of the Mannor of the whole Earth.

1680 J. Crowne Misery Civil-war ii. 19 Cruelly sworn; But yet such Oaths are heriots, which Widows To custom always pay, when a life falls.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as heriot-land; heriot custom n., heriot service (see quot. 1767).

ΚΠ

1002 in Earle Land Charters (1888) 220 Ðæt heregeatland æt Suttune.

1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student ix. f. xxiiii^v For heryot seruyce the lorde shall dystrayne.

a1676 M. Hale Hist. Common Law (1739) xxvii. 71 This Acquisition by Act in Law may be..4. By the Custom as in the Case of Heriot Custom.

1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. (1799) xxviii. 422 Heriot-service, and heriot-custom. The former are..due upon a special reservation in a grant or lease of lands, and therefore amount to little more than a mere rent: the latter arise upon no special reservation whatsoever, but depend merely upon immemorial usage and custom.

1896 Daily News 4 Nov. 6/6 In the Court of Appeal yesterday..Sir Thomas claimed that either by heriot custom or heriot service he was entitled to a heriot of the best beast of the deceased tenant.

Derivatives

† ˈheriotage n. Obsolete (see quot. 1611).

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Droict de meilleur Cattel, heriotage; the best chatell a tenant hath when he dies, due vnto his Land~lord.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	heriot
释义	heriotn. Brit. /ˈhɛrɪət/, U.S. /ˈhɛriət/ Forms: Old English heregeatu, heregeatwa, -we, Middle English heriet, 1500s her(r)iotte, haryotte, ( aryott), 1500s–1600s har(r)iot, 1600s herriott, 1600s–1700s herriot, Middle English, 1600s– heriot. Etymology: Old English heregeatwa , -we , < here here n.¹ army, host + geatwa, geatwe trappings, equipments, ornaments, armour. †1. Military equipments. (Only in Old English.) ΚΠ c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxvii. §1 Mid gyldenum hylt sweordum, and mid manigfealdum heregeatwum gehyrste. c993 Battle of Maldon 48 Hi willað eow to gafole garas syllan, ættrene ord and ealda swurd, ða heregeatu ðe eow æt hilde ne deah. 2. a. English Law. A feudal service, originally consisting of weapons, horses, and other military equipments, restored to a lord on the death of his tenant; afterwards a render of the best live beast or dead chattel of a deceased tenant due by legal custom to the lord of whom he held; the corresponding payment in Scottish Law was the hereyeld n.At an early period this render was commuted in many cases for a fixed money payment. The heriot is now an incident of manorial tenures only. In some exceptional cases, it is also due on a change of tenants, and even on the entry of a new lord. suit heriot: see quot. 1882. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > on death of vassal heriotc950 hereyeld?a1500 mainmorte1604 farleu1670 c950 Dipl. Angl. Ævi Sax. (Thornton) 499 And þam cinge minne hæregeatwa, feower sweord, and feower spæra, and feower scyldas. a1035 Laws of Cnut (Schmid) ii. c. 71 [72] And beon þa here-geata [v.rr. heregeate, herigeata] swa hit mæðlic sy. Eorles..eahta hors, feower gesadelode and feower ungesadelode, and feower helmas and feower byrnan and ehta spera and eall swa feala scylda and feower swurd and twa hund mancus goldes. a1035 Laws of Cnut ii. c. 78 [79] Se man þe on þam fyrdunge ætforan his hlaforde fealle..beon þa heregeata forgyfene. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 445/480 On of is pouere Men wende of lif-dawe, And is beste best to heriet men brouȝte him, ase it was lawe. 1343 in W. Kennett Parochial Antiq. (1818) II. 83 Juliana Hardy..diem clausit extremam, et accidit domino nova heriota ii. boves pret. xvi s. c1500 in W. Denton Eng. in 15th Cent. (1888) 319 (note) Now yowr farmor takes in & lettes at hys wylle with owt fyne or aryott to yowe. 1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xii. f. 24 There be two maner of herryottes. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Ample For a Heriot whereof the Landlord takes his deceased tenants best horse. 1647 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Worse Times iv. i. 134 There accrweth to the Land-Lord a fine and Herriot from his Tenant, taking a further Estate in his Lease. 1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew i. sig. B2^v What Hariots have you tane from forlorne Widows? 1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. (1809) vi. 97 Heriots..are a render of the best beast or other good (as the custom may be) to the lord on the death of the tenant. 1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. 426 The heriot conveyed the acknowledgement of former vassalage, and, from analogy, one was claimed by the church at the death of every believer. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. ii. 24 (note) The warhorse and spear were the gift of the princeps and the origin of the later heriot. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. ix. 261 The change of the heriot to the relief implies a suspension of ownership, and carries with it the custom of livery of seisin. 1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. vi. 162 The Heriot of English Copyhold tenure..has been explained as an acknowledgment of the Lord's ownership of the cattle with which he anciently stocked the land of his villeins. 1882 A. Brown Scriven's Treat. Law Copyholds (ed. 6) vi. §1 213 A heriot reserved on lease, or suit heriot, partakes strictly of the nature of rent, so that the lord cannot seize, but must either distrain..or bring an action. b. transferred. Applied to analogous payments in other countries. ΚΠ 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xviii. 430 The petty-Landlords of the times, to whom rich fines and herriots would accrue upon every exchange..took part with Andronicus. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. xxxvii. 71 He is contented with a white Mule and a Purse of Pistols about the neck, which he receives evry yeer for a heriot or homage. 1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xxi. 448 The eldest Son is sole Heir, but is obliged to present a Slave by way of Herriot to the King. c. figurative. ΚΠ a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 228 His body was interred..in Llangeday, the heriot which every son of Adam must pay to the Lord of the Mannor of the whole Earth. 1680 J. Crowne Misery Civil-war ii. 19 Cruelly sworn; But yet such Oaths are heriots, which Widows To custom always pay, when a life falls. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as heriot-land; heriot custom n., heriot service (see quot. 1767). ΚΠ 1002 in Earle Land Charters (1888) 220 Ðæt heregeatland æt Suttune. 1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student ix. f. xxiiii^v For heryot seruyce the lorde shall dystrayne. a1676 M. Hale Hist. Common Law (1739) xxvii. 71 This Acquisition by Act in Law may be..4. By the Custom as in the Case of Heriot Custom. 1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. (1799) xxviii. 422 Heriot-service, and heriot-custom. The former are..due upon a special reservation in a grant or lease of lands, and therefore amount to little more than a mere rent: the latter arise upon no special reservation whatsoever, but depend merely upon immemorial usage and custom. 1896 Daily News 4 Nov. 6/6 In the Court of Appeal yesterday..Sir Thomas claimed that either by heriot custom or heriot service he was entitled to a heriot of the best beast of the deceased tenant. Derivatives † ˈheriotage n. Obsolete (see quot. 1611). ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Droict de meilleur Cattel, heriotage; the best chatell a tenant hath when he dies, due vnto his Land~lord. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c888
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