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单词 heart
释义

heartn.int.adv.

Brit. /hɑːt/, U.S. /hɑrt/
Forms: early Old English hortum (Mercian, dative plural, probably transmission error), Old English eorta (Mercian, rare), Old English eortan (inflected, rare), Old English hearta (Northumbrian), Old English heort- (in compounds and derivatives), Old English heorta (rare), Old English herte (Northumbrian, dative, perhaps transmission error), Old English hiorte, Old English hyort- (in compounds and derivatives), Old English hyrtan (accusative plural, rare), Old English (Middle English chiefly west midlands and south-western) heorte, Old English (Northumbrian)–1600s hearte, late Old English heortæ, late Old English heorttan (dative, probably transmission error), late Old English hertæ, late Old English herte (dative), late Old English–early Middle English (west midlands) horte, late Old English–Middle English (chiefly west midlands and south-western) heort, early Middle English heorrte ( Ormulum), early Middle English herrte ( Ormulum), early Middle English hierte, early Middle English hurte, early Middle English hyrte, Middle English arte, Middle English ert, Middle English erte, Middle English heret (perhaps transmission error), Middle English hertt, Middle English hirte (south-east midlands), Middle English hort (west midlands), Middle English hter (transmission error), Middle English huerte (south-west midlands), Middle English–1500s hartt, Middle English–1500s herth, Middle English–1500s hertte, Middle English–1600s harte, Middle English–1600s hert, Middle English–1600s herte, Middle English– hart (now English regional), Middle English– heart, 1600s harth, 1600s (1800s Irish English (Wexford)) hearth; Scottish pre-1700 hairtt, pre-1700 harte, pre-1700 hartt, pre-1700 heartt, pre-1700 herte, pre-1700 1700s– heart, pre-1700 1800s hart, pre-1700 1800s– hairt, pre-1700 1800s– hert, 1800s herht (Banffshire), 1800s– haert (Shetland), 1800s– he'rt, 1900s– heirt (Aberdeenshire); U.S. regional (southern, in African-American usage) 1800s haht, 1800s hairt, 1900s– haa't, 1900s– h'aa't, 1900s– heaht.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian herte, hirte (West Frisian hert), Old Dutch herta (Middle Dutch herte, harte, Dutch hart), Old Saxon herta (Middle Low German herte, harte), Old High German herza (Middle High German herze, herz, German Herz), Old Icelandic hjarta, Swedish hiärta (Swedish hjärta), Old Danish hiarta, hiartæ, hiærtæ (Danish hjerte), Gothic hairto < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin cord-, cor heart, ancient Greek καρδία, κραδία heart, also part of the stomach (the cardiac orifice or the cardia) (also κῆρ heart), Early Irish cride heart, Welsh craidd centre, heart, Old Church Slavonic srĭdĭtse, srŭdĭtse heart, Russian serdce, Czech srdce, Lithuanian šerdis; further etymology uncertain. Semantic developments that are widespread among other early Germanic languages include: courage; the heart as seat of life, of feeling, of thought, or of the will; centre; inner part; most important part. (Use denoting the heart as perceived seat of thought, intelligence, will, emotion, or character is also frequent in classical Latin and post-classical Latin, and this may have influenced use in various Germanic languages.)Form history. The word appears originally to have been weak neuter in Germanic, although it shows considerable variation in gender in the West Germanic languages. In Old English usually a weak feminine; in Northumbrian the word sometimes shows masculine or neuter agreement (this is more likely to reflect a late development in Northumbrian than preservation of Germanic neuter gender), and a strong (masculine or neuter) genitive form heartes , heortes is also occasionally attested in this dialect. Nominative singular forms with final a are attested frequently in Northumbrian and occasionally elsewhere, but probably reflect later Old English weakening of inflectional vowels rather than inflection as a weak masculine. When the stem occurs as the second element of a compound adjective, e.g. in mildheort mild-heart adj., it inflects as a regular adjective in Old English, i.e. with both strong (a -stem) and weak forms. Forms showing weak inflection survive into Middle English. In Old English the stem vowel shows breaking to eo before r plus consonant. In Northumbrian (especially in Aldred) the diphthong is frequently spelt ea showing unrounding of the second element. The Old English form hiorte is chiefly Kentish and south-eastern. Late Old English forms such as herte , horte show early evidence of monophthongization (the latter representing a mid front rounded vowel in western sources), which becomes regular in Middle English (compare R. M. Hogg Gram. Old Eng. (1992) I. §5.211). With Old English (inflected) hyrt- , early Middle English hyrte , hierte , Middle English hirte perhaps compare forms of heart v. Specific senses. With sense A. 4 compare heartache n., heartburn n., and discussion at those entries; compare also ancient Greek καρδία , κραδία in the meaning ‘cardiac orifice or cardia’, and (partly reflecting uses of the Greek word) use of French cœur (see cœur n.) in the meaning ‘stomach’ (from c1200 in Old French), e.g. in the phrase avoir mal au cœur to be sick (bilious).
A. n.
I. The organ, its function, region, etc.
1.
a.
(a) The hollow muscular organ which performs the function of a pump in the circulatory system, receiving blood from the veins and contracting to propel it into the arteries.In early use frequently used loosely to denote the general region of the heart, esp. with reference to medical conditions and wounds (cf. quot. ?a1200). Cf. heartache n. 1, heartburn n. 2, and sense A. 4.In all but the most primitive of vertebrates the heart is a single organ, located in the chest or anterior region of the body. In mammals and birds it is roughly cone-shaped, with the base of the cone uppermost or (in quadrupeds) anterior and its apex, where the heartbeat is most clearly felt, located to the left of the midline of the chest; it consists of four chambers, two atria and two ventricles, with separate right and left sides (see sense A. 1d). In reptiles and most amphibians, the heart has two atria and a single ventricle, while in fishes it typically consists of a series of four chambers in a row (sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and conus arteriosus).lymph heart: see lymph n. Compounds 3. See also open heart n.
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the world > life > the body > vascular system > heart > [noun]
hearteOE
panter1673
throbber1828
blood pump1898
ticker1930
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. i. 176 Se maga biþ neah þære heortan & þære gelodr.
OE Lacnunga (2001) I. lxxxv. 72 Gif þin heorte ace, nim ribban & wyl on meolce.
OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Vitell.) i. 236 His lifre..bedealf [read bedelf] æt þam ymbhwyrftum þinra landgemæra..& þa heortan [sc. of the badger] æt þinum burhgeatum behele.
?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 23 Þes lacecraft sceal þan manne, þe nerwnysse byð æt þare heortan and æt ðare þrotu, þæt he uneþe specan mæȝan.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 121 (MED) He wes..mid speres orde to þere heorte istungen.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 6471 He igrap ænne cnif swiðe long, & þene king þer-mid of-stong, in-to þere heorte.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 4 Kings ix. 24 The arewe is sent out thoruȝ his hert.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xxxvi. 238 Þe heed of þe herte þat hatte þe scharpe eende is iset in þe lift partie of a mannes body.
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 54 The substaunce of þe herte is harde..hauynge in it two ventricles..þe riȝte & þe lefte, and in þe myddel a denne.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 36 (MED) The place of þe lungis is abouten þe caas or þe cheste of þe herte.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxxiij [He] stacke the erle to ye hart with his dagger.
1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. H.ivv Fyrst of the Hart, because he is the principal of al other members, and the beginning of life: he is set in the middest of the brest seuerally by him selfe, as Lord and King of al members.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. i. 134 I send it through the Riuers of your blood Euen to the Court, the Heart . View more context for this quotation
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 58 Perfect Animals have an incessant motion of their Heart, and Circulation of their Bloud.
1721 tr. Georgics iii, in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. (ed. 5) I. 278 The Youthful Charioteers with heaving Heart Rush to the Race.
1777 H. L. Thrale Let. 1 Oct. in H. L. Piozzi Lett. to & from S. Johnson (1788) I. 393 How florid, bright, and transparent is the arterial blood, before it has passed through the heart.
1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature & Cure Calculus 175 The heart..impels the blood through the arteries.
1812 Morning Chron. 21 May After the body of Bellingham was opened, it was noticed that his heart continued to perform its functions..for four hours after he was laid open.
1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 181/2 The infusion of tobacco, and hydrocyanic acid, appear to destroy completely the sensibility of the heart, so that it no longer responds to the stimulus of the blood.
1887 H. S. Cunningham Cœruleans I. 145 Camilla's heart went pit-a-pat.
1927 E. A. Robinson Tristram viii. 167 There was no sound anywhere in the whole house—Except the pounding of his heart.
1983 A. O. Epple Amphibians of New Eng. Introd. p. xii All amphibians have three-chambered hearts, consisting of two auricles and one ventricle, quite unlike the four-chambered heart found in all birds and mammals.
1990 Health Shopper May 8/2 Olive oil..contains polyunsaturated fat, which is good for the blood and heart.
2010 S. Junger War i. iv. 58 You grind your knee into the limb, between the wound and the heart, to pinch off the artery and stop the blood flow.
(b) figurative and in figurative contexts.
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1719 E. Young Busiris iv. 47 Is it not wond'rous strange, That I who stabb'd the very heart of Nature, Should have surviving ought of Man about me?
1820 P. B. Shelley Ode to Heaven in Prometheus Unbound 184 Drops which Nature's mighty heart Drives through thinnest veins.
1866 H. W. Longfellow Killed at Ford i, in Atlantic Monthly Apr. 479 The heart of honor, the tongue of truth.
1912 H. A. Curtiss & F. H. Curtiss Voice of Isis xxxi. 386 Like the heart of man, the heart of Nature will not beat nor will life continue without a proper proportion of salt.
1993 Evening Standard (Nexis) 5 May 56 Close to the play's feebly beating heart is teenage Danny.
b. The heart of an animal used in cookery or medicine. Also as a mass noun: the tissue of an animal's heart as food.
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OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Vitell.) v. 248 Þam wifum þe him hyra beorðor losie, haran heortan adrige & wyrc to duste..syle drincan..on scirum wine.
c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 4 (MED) Take a chepes hert & bryne it to powdre..temper it vp with oyle..& anoynte it [sc. the head] þer-with.
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 8 (MED) Take Pypis, Hertys, Nerys, Myltys, and Rybbys of the Swyne.
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 314 For remedy wherof, take the heart of a Hog, and a quantitie of his sewet minced very small, and make them into pouder togither.
1620 T. Venner Via Recta iii. 69 The heart of a fat Calfe is for pleasantnes of taste,..and salubrity of iuyce, the best.
1794 J. Woodforde Diary 10 Nov. (1929) IV. 154 A Bullock's Heart boiled is a Bullock's H. spoiled.
1797 T. Williams Accomplished Housekeeper 7 Fill the heart with the..forcemeat.
1829 Kent & Essex Mercury 10 Nov. 1/3 She intended to have a small sheep's heart roasted for her tea.
1855 M. L. Scott Pract. Housekeeper 56 Rich Mince Pies.—Two pounds of heart and tongue, two pounds of beef suet, [etc.].
1903 Boston Globe 20 Jan. 10/4 Boil the neck, liver, heart, and gizzard, mince, add to the gravy.
1948 Rotarian Sept. 18/2 Haggis..is made by stuffing a mixture of chopped heart, liver, oatmeal, onions, and other ingredients in a sheep or calf stomach.
2008 Independent 24 May (Mag.) 44/1 We nearly always used secondary cuts of meat such as scrag end, heart and liver.
c. Zoology. In invertebrates that possess a circulatory system: a muscular sac or vessel that pumps blood, haemolymph, or other fluid containing nutrients (and often oxygen) around the body.Cf. pseudo-heart n. at pseudo- comb. form 2.
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1685 S. Collins Systeme Anat. I. 363 Silk-Worms, Palmer-Worms, and other Insects, have a Trunk, or Aspera Arteria, (through which Air is received) from whence many Vessels are propagated, and..are at last inserted into the Ambient parts of the Body, and also into the Heart.
1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 135 A Snail divested of its Shell, whereby we may discover the Situation of the Heart.
1793 Nat. Hist. Birds, Fish, Insects & Reptiles V. 117 Many of them [sc. insects] are furnished with lungs and a heart like nobler animals.
1814 Ann. Philos. 4 351 He considered it [sc. the dorsal vessel] as a long canal, which in its length swells out or contracts, forming several small oval tubes, which may be regarded as so many small hearts.
1859 Philos. Trans. 1858 (Royal Soc.) 148 825 Here the heart assumes more the character of a mere enlargement of the vessel.
1893 T. R. R. Stebbing Hist. Crustacea xxii. 345 When the blood has been aerated..it is transferred in the usual way to the cavity surrounding the heart.
1927 F. Balfour-Browne Insects i. 15 The insect possesses a segmented heart, which lies in the median dorsal line of the abdomen.
1950 Biol. Bull. 98 254 Nerve cells..are present in the hearts of Arenicola.
1985 Cambr. Encycl. Life Sci. ii. 77/1 This final group, which includes large predators such as the squid and octopus, has a completely closed blood system, with a main heart and accessory (branchial) hearts to keep a good bloodflow through the gills.
2009 Internat. Jrnl. Zool. 2/2 In the more active giant Australian earthworm..a defined heart augments the movement of blood through a well-developed vasculature.
d.
(a) left heart n. [after post-classical Latin cor sinistrum (1726 or earlier)] Anatomy and Physiology the left atrium and left ventricle of the mammalian or avian heart considered together, esp. as the unit which receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the arterial system.
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the world > life > the body > vascular system > heart > [noun] > atrium
left heart1787
right heart1797
atrium1896
1787 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1097/1 In two or three minutes, becoming entirely destitute of that quality by which it stimulates the left heart, the action of the ventricle ceases, and death soon follows.
1834 J. V. C. Smith Class-bk. Anat. 148 The whole mass is re-vitalized, and is now carried into the left heart.
1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 7 Oct. 908/2 Decompensated hypertension offers the characteristics of a prominent aorta and a dilated left heart.
2011 Independent 25 Oct. 37/4 Reynolds says more than 80 per cent of children treated in the top centres like this now survive hypoplastic left heart.
(b) right heart n. [after post-classical Latin cor dextrum (1726 or earlier)] Anatomy and Physiology the right atrium and right ventricle of the mammalian or avian heart considered together, esp. as the unit which receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins and pumps it to the lungs.
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the world > life > the body > vascular system > heart > [noun] > atrium
left heart1787
right heart1797
atrium1896
1797 J. Bell Anat. Human Body II. 8 The right heart receives the contaminated blood of the body from the veins of the body.
1857 Househ. Words 13 June 562/1 The blood, starting from the right heart by the pulmonary artery, returns to the left heart by the pulmonary vein.
1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) iv. 62 The systemic venous circulation is obstructed and passive congestion spreads backwards through the pulmonary vessels to the right heart.
2007 Daily Tel. 13 Feb. 5/8 Eisenmenger's patients suffer because the left side heart pushes blood through a hole or defect into the right heart.
e. Medicine. With distinguishing word: any of various abnormal conditions of the heart; (also) a heart affected with such a condition.athlete's heart, cigarette heart, fatty heart, smoker's heart, tobacco heart, etc.: see the first element.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of heart > [noun]
heart1841
cardiopathy1854
1841 Lancet 17 Apr. 124/2 This circumstance led me to think that the peculiar appearance called hairy heart is formed in the following manner.
1871 J. M. Da Costa in Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 61 17 I noticed cases of a peculiar form of functional disorder of the heart, to which I gave the name of irritable heart.
1889 Lancet 13 July 81/1 Of five cases of movable heart studied by Professor Rumpf, three were the results of dietetic and medicinal attempts to cure obesity.
1900 Philadelphia Med. Jrnl. 22 Dec. 1190/1 Renal disease usually causes hypertrophy of the entire heart; it is probably the cause of the so-called ‘beer heart’.
1928 Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 22 287 This conception will explain all the symptoms and peculiarities of the beriberi heart.
1932 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 8 84 ‘Hyperthyroid heart’ is found in every classification of heart disease.
1961 Amer. Jrnl. Cardiol. 7 101/1 This frequently results in pericardial calcification and an armored heart.
2004 C. Siebert Man after his own Heart vi. 74 Auricular tachycardia was cross-listed with a slew of other archaically named cardiac disorders, curious things like Bony, Hairy, Tiger's and Soldier's Heart.
f. colloquial. A diseased or disordered heart. Now somewhat archaic.
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1851 W. H. Walshe Pract. Treat. Dis. Lungs & Heart ii. ii. 284 Uneasiness in the cardiac region..of an intensity varying between a mere sensation which constantly reminds patients that (as they often express themselves) ‘they have a heart’, and the agony of angina.
1902 Daily Chron. 3 Nov. 8/4 [He] has been forbidden to row again..owing to his having developed ‘a heart’.
1929 E. Bowen Joining Charles 125 Cottesby the cow-herd, a greyish-faced man, had ‘a heart’.
1965 ‘W. Haggard’ Hard Sell i. 4 He's got a heart, by the way, and I'm afraid this might finish him.
1971 Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) 6 6 Slow down or you'll give me a heart.
2. The heart considered as the centre of the vital or life-maintaining functions of the body; the seat of life; the vital part or principle; (in some contexts) life itself. Now rare (chiefly historical in later use).
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the world > life > the body > system > [noun] > organ > vital organs
heartOE
vitalsa1610
vital1710
OE Beowulf (2008) 2270 Swa..unbliðe hwear[f] dæges ond nihtes, oð ðæt deaðes wylm hran æt heortan.
OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) xxi. 25 Heora heortan onfoð mægene and libbað a worlda world [L. uiuet cor eorum in saeculum saeculi].
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms ci. 5 I am smyten as heiȝ, and myn herte driede.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 5188 (MED) Þen wex Iacob selcouþe fayne his hert [Vesp. gast; Gött. bodi] be-gan to quik agayne.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. xviii. A I wyll set you a morsell of bred, to comforte youre hertes withall.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxiii Commaundyng, vpon pein of the harte, that no man should once passe the sea with hym.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms civ. 15 Bread which strengtheneth man's heart . View more context for this quotation
a1618 W. Raleigh Lett. (1651) 109 That the King (though I were not pardoned) had granted my heart under the Great Seal.
1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 97 Desiring no more than to go off Heart in Hand from this Place to the Southward.
1787 Town & Country Mag. Aug. 370/1 To refresh their famished hearts with a taste of good food.
1871 Speaker's Comment. Gen. xviii. 5 The heart considered as the centre of vital functions, is put by the Hebrews for the life itself. To support the heart therefore is to refresh the whole vital powers and functions.
1997 R. A. Erickson Lang. of Heart ii. 75 I would like to stress Burton's characterization of the heart as a predominantly masculine organ,..and his traditional Galenic linking of the left side of the heart with the seat of life and attractive power.
3.
a. In extended use: that part of the front of the body which is near to the heart; the vicinity of the heart; the chest. Esp. with reference to the action of placing or holding something close to this location as an expression or gesture of affection, esteem, etc., or for comfort.hand on heart: see hand n. Phrases 2m(c).
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the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > [noun] > chest
heartOE
breastOE
maw?a1200
thoraxc1400
venter1668
pectus1684
breastie1786
OE Genesis B 636 Sum heo hire on handum bær, sum hire æt heortan læg, æppel unsælga.
OE St. Andrew (Corpus Cambr.) in F. G. Cassidy & R. N. Ringler Bright's Old Eng. Gram. & Reader (1971) 212 He sette his hand ofer hiora heortan, and heora andgeat him eft to hwirfde.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 101 An mon þet leiȝe inprisun & achte muche ranceun..nalde he cunne god þonc þe mon þe duste up on him an bigurdel ful of peonewes..þach he wurpe hit ful harde aȝeines his heorte?
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 479 At hise herte he saw a knif, For to reuen him hise lyf.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. xxxii. 377 If þou holdist þine hond vppon þe herte.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 253 Afforn thyn herte hang this lytel table, Swetter than bawme geyn al goostly poisoun.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 477 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 109 He..It hyng About his hals full hende & on his awne hart.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Exod. xxviii. 29 Thus shall Aaron beare the names in ye brestlappe of iudgment vpon his hert.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vi. sig. R5v He..Euer held his hand vpon his hart.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xxviii. 30 The Urim and the Thummim..shall bee vpon Aarons heart, when he goeth in before the Lord. View more context for this quotation
1699 T. Brown Colloquies Erasmus iv. 27 Put your Hand to your Heart and tell me fairly.
1717 A. Pope Eloisa to Abelard in Wks. 423 Let me..Pant on thy lip, and to thy heart be prest.
1796 F. Jacson Plain Sense (ed. 2) II. ix. 124 Ellen..hastily snatched the boy to her heart.
1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 36 The prince fondled it to his heart. ‘Happy bird,’ said he.
1887 H. S. Cunningham Cœruleans II. 226 He pressed her to his heart.
1928 F. N. Hart Bellamy Trial i. 3 [He] had..a good-sized stack of telegraph blanks clasped to his heart.
1971 B. Head Maru i. 32 Something had gone ‘bang!’ inside his chest, and the woman had raised her hand to her heart at the same time.
2006 A. Burnett House Beautiful 102 I clutched to my heart the fateful letter.
b. Similarly in expressions such as near (also nearest) (to) one's heart, to hold to one's heart, etc., in which fond regard or great affection for a person or thing (cf. sense A. 10) rather than actual physical proximity is meant.
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1491 Quattuor Serm. sig. Aviiv, in Mirk's Festialis (Caxton) First thou shalte loue god wyth al thi hert, that noo thyng be nerer thy hert thenne god.
1609 Bp. J. Hall Paraphr. Song of Songs i. 10 in Salomons Diuine Arts His loue, laid close vnto my heart, doth still giue me continual & vnspeakable refreshings.
1664 J. Carstaires Let. 21 June in W. Ferrie Notices of Life J. Carstaires (1843) 122 I know their Christian..educatione lyeth as near your heart as myne.
1694 G. Stanhope tr. Simplicius Comm. Epictetus' Morals xxxvii. 340 When he hath found such another as himself, he must hold him close to his Heart, as his Dearer and Better Half.
1706 N. Rowe Ulysses i. i. 4 He still has held him In more especial Nearness to his Heart.
1773 J. Langhorne Orig. Veil 9 In Him, who holds his country to his heart.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. ii. 60 He ventured to renew the subject nearest his heart.
1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists ii. 193 Cuddling to his heart the compliment which his literary majesty had paid him.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men I. Pref. 28 Important for the cause which was nearest to his heart.
1934 Sun (Baltimore) 5 June 14/7 The Richmonder who held the memories of the sixties close to his heart always called it [sc. the Civil War] the War Between the States.
1952 C. Mackenzie Rival Monster xvi. 213 After lunch Toker found an opportunity to talk to Ian Carmichael on a subject near to his heart.
1972 Jrnl. News (Hamilton, Ohio) 19 Feb. 11/1 The country's relationship with Hughes is almost mystical: we ever hold him to our hearts.
1994 Times 18 May 2/3 He does this entirely without briefing notes, as though the matter were so close to his heart as to need no cribsheet.
4. The stomach (chiefly metonymically in phrases). See also next one's heart at Phrases 1g, heart-pit n. at Compounds 3a. Scottish and English regional (chiefly northern) in later use. a pain at the heart: stomach ache (cf. heartache n. 1, heartburn n. 2).
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the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > stomach or belly > [noun]
maweOE
wombOE
codc1275
cropc1325
gut1362
stomachc1374
bellyc1375
pauncha1393
flanka1398
heartc1400
kitchen?a1500
kytec1540
micklewame1566
craw1574
ventricle1574
pudding house1583
buck1607
wame1611
ventricule1677
ventriculus1710
victualling-office1751
breadbasket1753
haggis1757
haggis bagc1775
baggie1786
pechan1786
manyplies1787
middle piece1817
inner man1856
inner woman1857
tum-tum1864
tum1867
tummy1867
keg1887
stummick1888
kishke1902
shit-bag1902
Little Mary1903
puku1917
Maconochie1919
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 300 For þat mote in his mawe [i.e. Jonah in the whale's belly] mad hym, I trowe, Þaȝ hit lyttel were, hym wyth to wamel at his hert.
c1450 Practica Phisicalia John of Burgundy in H. Schöffler Mittelengl. Medizinlit. (1919) 209 (MED) Smellyng to notmugis wyll comforte the herte and þe brayn.
1674 R. Godfrey Var. Injuries in Physick 116 So much is it the mode still to call the Stomach the Heart, that people frequently say their Hearts were at their Mouths, when on a sudden fright or surprisal their Stomach's have been mov'd.
1715 J. Delacoste tr. H. Boerhaave Aphorisms 287 Violent Pains at the mouth of the Stomach (commonly called by the unskilful, a Pain at the Heart).
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Heart, the stomach. ‘A pain at the heart’ means the stomach-ache.
1890 A. N. Simpson Muirside Memories vii Try the cheese, it's real guid, and the carvie bannocks are a treat tae a body's hert.
1913 E. M. Wright Rustic Speech & Folk-lore xiv. 238 To have a pain at the heart (Yks. Lan. e.An.) is to have the stomach-ache, cp. Fr. avoir mal au coeur.
1933 J. Gray Lowrie 57 Noo, Lowrie, doo's no gyaan athoot da door apo dee fastin hert.
1957 in Sc. Nat. Dict. (1960) V. 120/3 [Caithness] A taste for a wersh hert—said of something tasty, appetising.
II. The bodily organ considered or imagined as the seat of feeling, understanding, and thought.
5.
a. In the most general sense: the mind (including the functions of feeling and volition as well as intellect).to set one's heart on: see set v.1 37a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > [noun]
hearteOE
moodeOE
wita1000
intention1340
mindc1384
intentc1386
ingeny1477
thinker1835
box1908
the mind > [noun] > as seat of action or feeling
hearteOE
spiritsc1400
spritesc1415
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lxxx. 12 (13) Dimisi eos secundum desideria cordis eorum : ne forleort hie efter lustum heortan heara.
OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) iv. 17 Swerian ne sceal mon, þylæs mon forswerige; soðfæstnesse of heortan and of muðe mon sceal simle forðbringan.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 51 His modor geheold ealle þas word on hyre heortan [L. in corde suo] smeagende.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 25 (MED) He seið mið þa muðe þet nis naut in his heorte.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) 772 (MED) Do nu þenne hihendliche þet tu hauest on heorte.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4002 Fro abuuen cam to him bi-neðen Word in herte, dat he sal queðen.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 2925 His herte and tunge moste acorde.
c1475 Proverbs (Rawl. D.328) in Mod. Philol. (1940) 38 119 That the hert þynkyt [L. cor subcelat] the mowte spekyt.
1558 J. Knox First Blast against Monstruous Regiment Women f. 37v A principle..depelie printed in the hart of man.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings viii. 18 Thou diddest well that it was in thine heart . View more context for this quotation
1635 R. Sanderson Serm. II. 306 The heart..is..very often in Scripture..taken more largely, so as to comprehend the whole soul, in all its faculties, as well the apprehensive as the appetitive; and consequently taketh in the thoughts, as well as the desires, of the soul.
1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. xii. 236 The whole System as I may speak, of Affections (including Rationality) which constitute the Heart, as this Word is used in Scripture and on moral Subjects.
1744 M. Bishop Life Matthew Bishop 3 I hope he will turn your Heart from this Way of thinking.
1816 R. Southey Lay of Laureate lxvii The heart of man is rich in all good seeds.
1898 H. F. Hall Soul of People iii. 35 He remembered all he was leaving: he remembered his father and his mother; his heart was full of his wife and child.
1912 H. Gordon Blind Road ix. 146 I had given her everything my heart could devise to make her happy.
1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 1053/1 Within the heart of every man, woman, and child, there smoulders a latent capacity for violence, cruelty, and savage, sadistic revenge.
1992 D. Morgan Rising in West i. ii. 41 He had his heart set on marrying a rich Indian—one of the wealthy oil or mineral-rich Quapaws or Osage they sometimes saw.
2004 Australian (Nexis) 14 Dec. 14 You will make the difference between grinding uncertainty and the chance to create what the heart can imagine.
b. Described as having ears, eyes, or other organs or limbs, by analogy with the faculties of the mind, understanding, or emotions that these may be said to represent. Cf. heart of hearts at Phrases 2g(b) and one's mind's eye at mind n.1 19b(a).
ΚΠ
OE Crist III 1328 Nu we sceolon georne gleawlice þurhseon usse hreþercofan heortan eagum.
OE Rule St. Benet (Tiber.) (1888) Prol. 1 Inclina aurem cordis tui : ahyld eare heortan þinre.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3899 Wiþþ innwarrd heorrtess tunge.
a1250 Ureisun ure Louerde (Nero) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 203 Nabe ich euer bi-foren mine heorte eihen þeo ilke þreo stondunges.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 774 Love..Which makth the hertes yhen blinde.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 506 Wherfor, Iason, lyfte vp þin hertis eye, Thenke þi name schal longe be recorded Thoruȝ-oute þe worlde.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 36 Wiþ þe eeris and een of his hert, he schuld vnderstond hem.
1593 B. Barnes Parthenophil & Parthenophe 3 So whiles shee sleightly gloas'd, with her new pray, Mine hartes eye..Vnyoak't himselfe, & closely scap't away.
1604 Act 1 Jas. I c. 1 Vpon the knees of our hearts to agnize our most constant faith, obedience and loyaltie to your Maiestie.
1620 T. Matthew tr. St. Augustine Confessions i. v Behould the eares of my hart, are set before thee; open thou them, O Lord.
1696 J. Toland Christianity not Mysterious iii. iv. 130 How could Believers be said..to have the Eyes of their Hearts enlightn'd?
1799 J. Inwood Serm. 136 We must keep also the ear of the heart uncorrupted with evil report.
1857 J. Keble On Eucharistical Adoration 3 If we kneel and bow the knees of our hearts to receive a blessing.
1899 R. N. Stephens Gentleman Player xxv. 402 His horse had carried him from the scene; but he bore that scene ever in his heart's eye, day and night.
1913 J. F. Wilson Princess of Sorry Valley xxx. 292 He prayed soundlessly, and she bent her head, listening with her heart's ear to the inarticulate confession of a profound and simple faith.
1980 T. Williams Clothes for Summer Hotel (1983) i. ii. 39 You must be all visible to me..in my heart's eye.
2004 Living Spirit Dec. 135/1 What you say, the ear of your heart hears and stores away as part belief.
6.
a. The seat or repository of a person's inmost thoughts, feelings, inclinations, etc.; a person's inmost being; the depths of the soul; the soul, the spirit.See also a person's heart's desire at Phrases 2c(a).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > spirituality > mind, soul, spirit, heart > [noun]
wombeOE
moodeOE
heartOE
inner manc1000
soulOE
ghostOE
sprite1340
inwit1382
consciencec1384
spiritc1384
minda1387
spirtc1415
esperite1477
inward man1526
pneuma1559
esprite1591
internala1594
interior1600
entelechy1603
inside1615
psyche1648
sprit1653
citta1853
undersoul1868
Geist1871
heart-mind1959
OE Crist III 1047 Ne magun hord wera[s], heortan geþohtas, fore waldende wihte bemiþan.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxv. 234 Godes gecorenum gedafenað þæt hi heora heortan wyrtruman on ðam liflicum wylle þæt is god gelogian.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 34 La ge næddrena cynryn. Hu magon ge god sprecan þonne ge synt yfele. Soþlice of þære heortan willan [L. ex abundantia enim cordis] se muþ spicþ.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. iv. 40 Ge wæron þa þe eow sylfe godiaþ beforan mannum, ac God cann eowre heortan.
c1200 Serm. in Eng. & Germanic Stud. (1961) 7 62 He fand þe vmmanne heorte al to hemti of bileue.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 123 Clanse þine hirte, for ðan þe hie owh to benne godes fatt.
a1300 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 20 (MED) I wene non sinne sulde his herte winnen.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xii. 34 Sothely the mouth spekith of the grete plente of the herte.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 43 (MED) Vr dedis fro vr hert tas rote.
a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 59 Þarfor suld we vs avyse..our hertes vnto heuyn at rayse.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 45 I sall a ragment reveil fra rute of my hert.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxi Vnto whom all hartes bee open.
1571 Dict. French & Eng. sig. H.ivv Contre son cueur, dissemblingly, or agaynst his hart.
1611 Bible (King James) Judges v. 16 For the diuisions of Reuben there were great searchings of heart.
?1623 O. Felltham Resolues xxxv. 112 Rather then haue powred out his heart with such indiscretion.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison IV. iv. 32 Surely..a man of common penetration may see to the bottom of a woman's heart.
1794 Abbé Mann in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 440 Excuse my laying my heart open to you and exposing my feelings as they are.
1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility I. iv. 46 In my heart I feel little—scarcely any doubt of his preference. View more context for this quotation
1886 S. Baring-Gould Court Royal I. xviii. 283 I like you to speak out of your heart freshly what you think.
1927 S. T. Warner Mr. Fortune's Maggot 91 In the depths of his heart he mistrusted the sea.
1979 E. Hardwick Sleepless Nights v. 75 His heart's wish was to sit on the porch all winter.
2008 Church Times 27 June 16/1 Deep in your heart, you know they were probably spent posting photos of his body parts on Facebook.
b. In plural in collocation with minds, esp. to suggest combined emotional and intellectual support or approval as something to be sought or courted. See also Phrases 2h.
ΚΠ
?1526 P. Bush Extirpacion of Ignorancy sig. D.iv That their hertes and myndes, be set in especiall In redyng of bokes & balades, of actes veneryall.
?1527 tr. Copy of Lett. wherin Kyng Henry VIII made Answere vnto M. Luther sig. A.iiv Howe he maye..spyritually set forthe and forther, the hertes and myndes of his subiectes, in the right relygion of god.
1579 J. Knewstub Confut. Heresies sig. K.2v Euen those his deare and best beloued Children, in whose heartes and mindes, himselfe hath written his owne lawes.
1688 Lady Russell Lett. II. lxxix. 4 May the great Dispensator of all these wonderful events dispose our hearts and minds.
1752 T. Nugent tr. J. J. Burlamaqui Princ. Politic Law iii. ii. 167 The first duty of the sovereign ought to be to take all possible pains to form the hearts and minds of his people.
1809 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 23 Dec. 964 What is the loss of a battle..if all be sound in the hearts and minds of ten or twelve millions of people, who have..all the resources of the country in their hands?
1864 R. Wright Life Major-General J. Wolfe Pref. x Wolfe has been deservedly styled ‘the..soldiers' father’. His..generosity and condescension won the hearts and minds of his inferiors.
1906 E. H. Blair & J. A. Robertson Philippine Islands XLI. 25 The Dominican order..ended..in alienating them by their aggressive treatment; while the Recollects have, on the contrary, employed gentle means by which they have won the hearts and minds of the Zambals.
1922 S. Robinson John Bascom ii. 7 The orthodox theology..was unbroken in force and generally held possession of the hearts and minds of men.
1959 H. Carter in First Person Rural (1963) x. 89 Frontier and rural folk..whose hearts and minds are easily captured by the political debaters' thrust and parry.
1990 C. Allen Savage Wars of Peace (1991) 86 The first principle of jungle warfare is to win the hearts and minds of the people, not to destroy their villages by..scorched earth policies.
2012 Observer (Nexis) 11 Nov. 10 There are still 43 shopping days to go until Christmas but the battle for hearts and minds has begun.
7. (One's) intent, will, purpose; inclination, desire.Earliest and frequently (now chiefly) in after a person's (own) heart at Phrases 1a. See also to follow one's heart at follow v. Phrases 6.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > [noun]
hearteOE
willOE
wilhede1340
volition1738
voluntary faculty1867
the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun]
willeOE
hearteOE
i-willc888
self-willeOE
intent?c1225
device1303
couragec1320
talentc1325
greec1330
voluntyc1330
fantasyc1374
likinga1375
disposingc1380
pleasancea1382
affectionc1390
wish1390
disposition1393
affecta1398
likea1400
lista1400
pleasingc1400
emplesance1424
pleasurec1425
well-willingc1443
notiona1450
mindc1450
fancy1465
empleseur1473
hest?a1513
plighta1535
inclination1541
cue1567
month's mind1580
disposedness1583
leaning1587
humour1595
wouldings1613
beneplacit1643
wouldingness1645
vergency1649
bene-placiture1662
good liking1690
draught1758
tida1774
inkling1787
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xix. 4 Tribuat tibi dominus secundum cor tuum : selle ðe dryhten efter heortan ðinre.
OE Genesis B 716 Oðþæt Adame innan breostum his hyge hwyrfde and his heorte ongann wendan to hire willan.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 3 Heo urnen on-ȝein him..mid godere heorte and summe mid ufele þeonke.
c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) 330 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 10 Muche aȝein heore heorte it was.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 437 He hadde þe money aȝenst herte.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 386 Waith suld be delt in all place with fre hart.
?c1500 Mary Magdalene (Digby) l. 47 Now have I told yow my hart.
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xv. v. 396 They..may be forced to yeeld in spight of their harts.
1623 N. Ferrar Diary 8 Mar. in D. R. Ransome 17th-cent. Polit. & Financial Papers (1996) i. 67 The effusion of Christian Bloode of which too much hath beene shedd is soe much against my hearte that..I should be loath to enter into itt.
1636 S. Rogers Diary 19 May (2004) 55 Lord in mercye step in, and..prepare a pastor, according to thyne own heart.
1754 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VII. xiv. 79 To induce me to do the thing, whatever it be, most contrary to my heart.
1773 S. Hopkins Inq. Nature True Holiness App. 147 The more fully will he find these things to be contrary to his heart.
1920 C. Carswell Open Door! i. vi. 95 He wanted to get back to Italy where there was work after his own heart for the asking.
2002 N.Y. Times 28 Apr. 7/1 Failing the bar exam seemed a signal that, enough already, he should follow his heart.
8. Disposition, temperament, character. Frequently with preceding modifying adjective (as kind, merry, etc.). Cf. hard-hearted adj., kind-hearted adj., true-hearted adj., etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun]
heartOE
erda1000
moodOE
i-mindOE
i-cundeOE
costc1175
lundc1175
evena1200
kinda1225
custc1275
couragec1300
the manner ofc1300
qualityc1300
talentc1330
attemperancec1374
complexionc1386
dispositiona1387
propertyc1390
naturea1393
assay1393
inclinationa1398
gentlenessa1400
proprietya1400
habitudec1400
makingc1400
conditionc1405
habitc1405
conceitc1425
affecta1460
ingeny1477
engine1488
stomach?1510
mind?a1513
ingine1533
affection1534
vein1536
humour?1563
natural1564
facultyc1565
concept1566
frame1567
temperature1583
geniusa1586
bent1587
constitution1589
composition1597
character1600
tune1600
qualification1602
infusion1604
spirits1604
dispose1609
selfness1611
disposure1613
composurea1616
racea1616
tempera1616
crasisc1616
directiona1639
grain1641
turn1647
complexure1648
genie1653
make1674
personality1710
tonea1751
bearing1795
liver1800
make-up1821
temperament1821
naturalness1850
selfhood1854
Wesen1854
naturel1856
sit1857
fibre1864
character structure1873
mentality1895
mindset1909
psyche1910
where it's (he's, she's) at1967
OE Gifts of Men 108 Sumum he syleð monna milde heortan.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) x. 5 For eower heortan heardnesse [L. ad duritiam cordis vestri] he eow wrat þis bebod.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 672 Deofell iss..Off grimme. & niþfull herrte.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 281 Ach swote & schir heorte is god to alle þinges.
a1350 (c1307) in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 21 Alle þat beoþ of huerte trewe.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 707 (MED) Min hert is to hauteyn so hyeȝ to climbe.
1402 T. Hoccleve Lepistre Cupide (Huntington) l. 36 in Minor Poems (1970) ii. 295 Ful hard is it to knowe a mannes herte.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) ix. 205 They had the herte so fell that they wolde take none amendes.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xi To whom at the fyrst he shewed his good hart.
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. i. 293 Infaith lady you haue a merry heart . View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. iii. 27 An obstinate heart shall be laden with sorrowes. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 381 Not changing heart with habit. View more context for this quotation
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 426. 136 [He] could not forbear in the wantonnesses of his heart, to measure the length and breadth of his beloved father, and cast up the ensuing value of him.
1771 J. W. Fletcher Second Check Antinomianism iii. 51 I have heard them cry out against ‘the Legality of their wicked hearts’.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xiv. 309 It shews a kind heart in sae young a quean.
1887 Leeds Mercury 15 Oct. 8/7 As long lives a merry heart as a sad one.
1921 M. E. M. MacGregor Little Miss Melody xxvi. 300 She was so loyal,..so utterly self-forgetful, so generous of heart.
1983 N. Mosley Beyond Pale xi. 103 It's a poor heart that never rejoices.
2007 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 15 Feb. 60/3 Middle-aged Maiden..seeks her knight, her Ivanhoe, 60-70, strong, brave, with a kind heart.
9.
a. The heart considered as the seat of the emotions generally; a person's emotional nature (often contrasted with the intellectual or rationalizing nature located in the head (head n.1 2a)).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > seat of the emotions > [noun] > breast or heart
breastOE
heartOE
bosomc1175
couragec1300
chest1590
petto1679
OE Beowulf (2008) 2463 Swa Wedra helm æfter Herebealde heortan sorge weallinde wæg.
OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. iii. 106 Him mæg beon þe glædre his heorte þe he sum þing herof undergyte.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1263 Ȝiff þu..murrcnesst i þin heorrte. Þatt tu swa lannge dwellesst her.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 3218 Ȝif..we ham cumen liðen, heorten [c1300 Otho heortes] we haueden sare.
a1300 Passion our Lord 6 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 37 Heore heorten weren so colde.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 5670 On his herte hym was wo.
a1425 (?c1375) N. Homily Legendary (Harl.) in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 57 Vp he rase with hert ful light.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) i. iii. 4 The syght..gladyd moche my harte.
1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. A.vv Breakyng theyr stony hartes.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 64 Tell me where is fancie bred, Or in the hart, or in the head. View more context for this quotation
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xlvi. sig. D2v Mine eye and heart are at a mortall warre, How to diuide the conquest of thy sight. View more context for this quotation
a1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Art of Love (1709) i. 47 Tears will pierce a Heart of Adamant.
1735 A. Pope Of Char. of Women 14 To raise the Thought, and touch the Heart, be thine!
1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 897 One comfort yet shall cheer thine aged heart . View more context for this quotation
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well II. iii. 76 With zeal honourable to his heart and head.
1886 ‘H. Conway’ Living or Dead II. ix. 193 If the man had a soft place in his heart I felt sure I was finding it.
1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 3/1 This big Colonial issue..is a big try on our part to give you something real that will register with both your head and heart.
1962 F. G. Wilson Theory Public Opinion ix. 217 Christians often say the middle-class people are the epitome of greed, and they have, in the hardness of their hearts, no charity.
2003 I. Banks Raw Spirit (2004) vii. 141 Roads of such beauty and grandeur it gladdens the heart just looking at them on the map.
b. With modifying adjective: the feeling or sentiment which one has in regard to a thing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > emotional attitude > [noun]
feelingc1425
heart1512
resentment1655
sentiment1675
1512 Helyas in W. J. Thoms Coll. Early Prose Romances (1828) III. 14 The honour..with good hert I ottroye and graunt you.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. ii. 124 Yf I could bid the fift welcome with so good hart as I can bid the other foure farewell, I should bee glad of his approch.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 356 Aboue others, his heart was greatest against the Hungarians.
1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 570 His Marble, obdurate Heart.
1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 519 Whoever tastes, let him with grateful Heart Respect that ancient loyal House.
1798 Antijacobin Rev. & Mag. Aug. 232 Sending, with good heart and free will, Modern improvements to the devil.
1821 Feuds Luna & Perollo II. ii. 41 He bent his steps with a heavy and reluctant heart towards the castle.
1884 Amer. Agriculturist Aug. 318/2 Instead of taking a practical work-day view of the harvest moon, he can, with grateful heart for abundant crops, give himself up to a full enjoyment of the scene.
1910 C. E. Jefferson Congregationalism iii. 11 The Puritans were the English men and women whose hearts were hot for release from Roman bondage.
1982 P. Trudeau in Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 19 Apr. It is with happy hearts..that we are preparing to acquire today our complete national sovereignty.
2002 H. Taylor in A. Mertz Body can Speak v. 24 The enormous resources of talent and idealism in American youth, their lively minds, and their willing hearts.
10.
a. The heart considered as the seat of love, attachment, or affection, or as representing a person's affections, devotion, loyalty, etc. In later use frequently with give, win, etc., denoting the bestowing or gaining of a person's love or affections. See also to lose one's heart (to) at Phrases 3g(b). Cf. affair of the heart n. at affair n. Phrases 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > [noun] > seat of love or affections
heartOE
heartland1634
the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > [noun] > seat of love
heartc1325
livera1393
OE Laws of Æðelred II (Corpus Cambr. 201) viii. xlii. §1. 268 Utan God lufian innewerdre heortan.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 5 We sulen habben ure heorte and habben godne ileafe to ure drihten.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 567 King lotrines herte was al & clene vp hire iwent. He..þouȝte hire to spousi, so his herte to hire drou.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xxiii. 26 Ȝif, sone myn, thin herte to me.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 253 Sir Edward..His herte gaf tille dame Blanche, if hir wille wer þerto.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 308 In þe Cetie of Susace was þer a womman þat keste hur harte hugelie on a clerk.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 116 He wald ger him [sc. the king] tyne the hertis of his peple.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ii. 24 So hadde Vortiger the hertys of the peple.
a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 136 The rebald..man has wone ȝour hert, and his lusty plesaunce ȝoure chastite.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xii. sig. M4v Thrise happy man..Possessed of his Ladies hart and hand.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. i. 65 The verie instant that I saw you, did My heart flie to your seruice. View more context for this quotation
1689 T. Shadwell Bury-Fair ii. 22 Wild. So, Madam, you have my Heart... Gert. 'Tis a light one, and always ready to whistle off at any Game.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 18. ¶4 The Lover..gain'd the Heart of his Princess.
1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week ii. 20 A Lass that Cic'ly hight, had won his Heart.
1803 J. Porter Thaddeus of Warsaw xxii A young guardsman, who had just rode into her heart.
1854 E. Daniel Ruth Earnley II. x. 160 Our hearts were drawn almost as closely together as during those early days when [etc.].
1887 ‘E. Lyall’ Knight-errant I. ix. 157 She won all hearts.
1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria ii. 33 The Princess gave her mother her dutiful regards; but Lehzen had her heart.
1935 G. Blake Shipbuilders xi. 338 Danny could give his heart to any man who knew his job.
1971 Biogr. Mem. Fellows Royal Soc. 17 648 He was back in cancer research where his heart lay.
1985 R. Huntford Shackleton xv. 154 Since then, her heart had beaten warmly for him.
2010 Independent 16 Oct. (Mag.) 47/2 The..boot that's won my heart this season is Swedish Hasbeen's clog-boot.
b. Susceptibility to the emotions involved in matters of (romantic) love or affection, generosity, sympathy, etc.; sensibility or tenderness for others; feeling. Frequently in negative contexts. Cf. heartless adj. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > [noun]
ondeeOE
moodeOE
affection?c1225
affecta1398
feelinga1413
heart1557
stir1563
emotion1603
permotion1656
naturality1822
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > capacity for emotion > sensitiveness or tenderness > [noun]
feeling?c1400
tendernessc1440
heart1557
nicety1583
toucha1586
apprehension1605
tender-heartedness1607
sensibility1609
sensibleness1613
acuteness1644
exquisiteness1650
susceptivity1722
sensation1744
soul1748
susceptibility1753
sensitivity1773
sensitiveness1788
affettuoso1791
sensibilité1817
soulfulness1842
mild-heartedness1849
susceptiveness1873
sensitivism1877
tender-mindedness1907
the mind > emotion > love > tenderness > [noun] > sensibility or tenderness for others
heart1557
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > capacity for emotion > [noun] > capacity for some specific emotion > capacity for higher emotions
heart1557
1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. O.i Yong brats, a trouble: none at all, a maym it seems to bee: Youth, fond: age hath no hert, and pincheth all to nye.
1611 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) 760 He hath no heart that melts not all in teares, To see the treasons, murders, massacres.
1738 A. Pope Wks. II. ii. 164 With ev'ry pleasing, ev'ry prudent part, Say what can Cloë want?—She wants a Heart.
1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman xii. 382 Till more understanding preponderate in society, there will ever be a want of heart and taste.
a1839 C. L. H. Papendiek Court & Private Life Time Queen Charlotte (1887) II. xiv. 55 A total want of heart or filial affection.
1886 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ By Woman's Wit II. viii. 266 Which would have been pain and humiliation to a woman of real heart and delicacy.
1921 R. Sabatini Scaramouche (U.S. ed.) iii. iv. 268 Do you know, Andre, I sometimes think that you have no heart.
1976 R. Burns Success in Amer. iv. 149 Westervelt, as materially avaricious and totally lacking in heart as Judge Pyncheon, sees Zenobia's suicide only as the loss of twenty years' revenue.
1992 Sydney Morning Herald 28 Nov. (Good Weekend Mag.) 41/2 And Christmas? Of course it was commercial, but that was nothing to be ashamed of, as long as you also had heart and spirit.
2007 T. Leahy in J. Germov & M. Poole Public Sociol. xxi. 430 He had overheard someone saying that he talked about business all the time because he had no heart.
†c. Kindly feeling; cordiality, warmth; an instance of this. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun]
goodshipOE
goodnessOE
well-willingnessOE
goodlaikc1175
charity?c1225
courtesy1297
kindnessc1300
meeknessc1300
kindheada1325
benignityc1374
benevolencec1384
kindshipa1393
betternessa1400
homeliness1402
goodliness1405
courteousnessc1430
kindliness1440
kindlaikc1450
beneficialness1528
beneficence1531
benevolency1545
beneficency1576
kindheartedness1583
benefiting1594
candidness1643
benefacture1651
geniality1652
candour1653
hearta1656
obliging1676
benevolentness1736
affectionateness1751
warm-heartedness1808
Samaritanism1843
sweet-heartedness1865
benignancy1876
a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) i. 31 His welcom to Waltham, could not but wont much of the heart without me.
1827 W. Scott Jrnl. 7 Mar. (1941) 31 I must say, too, there was a heart,—a kindly feeling prevailed over the party.
11.
a. The heart considered as the seat of courage or morale. Also: courage, spirit, pluck; (one's) morale or spirits.See also in heart at Phrases 1f(c)(i), to lose heart at Phrases 3g(a), to pluck up heart at pluck v. Phrasal verbs, to take (in early use †nim) heart at Phrases 3k(a).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > spirit > [noun]
hearteOE
spirita1382
fierceness1490
stomach?1529
spritec1540
fire1579
mettle1581
rage1590
brave-spiritednessa1617
lion-heart1667
game1747
spunk1773
pluck1785
gameness1810
ginger1836
pluckiness1846
gimp1901
ticker1930
cojones1932
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) cxi. 7 (8) Confirmatum est cor eius non commouebitur donec uideat inimicos suos : getrymed is heorte his ne bið onstyred oð ðet gesieð fiond his.
OE Genesis A (1931) 2350 Lifge Ismael larum swilce, þeoden, þinum, and þe þanc wege, heardrædne hyge, heortan strange, to dreoganne dæges and nihtes wordum and dædum willan þinne.
OE Battle of Maldon (1942) 312 Byrhtwold..ful baldlice beornas lærde: ‘Hige sceal þe heardra, heorte þe cenre, mod sceal þe mare, þe ure mægen lytlað.’
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1596 Ȝiff þin heorrte iss harrd. & starrc..To þolenn..All þatt tatt iss to dreȝhenn.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 286 Heo comen to gadere mid greatere heorte.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3253 On and on kin, als herte hem cam, Ðat folc ilc in his weige nam.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 335 He hath the sor which noman heleth, The which is cleped lack of herte.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 470 ‘Nay’, quod þe comly kyng, ‘cache vp þine hert’.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) cxlviii. 221 They ran on them with grete herte, and slewe them som of them.
1545 Act 37 Hen. VIII c. 17 §2 The People gathereth Heart and Presumption to do Evil.
a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 81 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) To give heart and incouragement to all such bad Rebells.
1614 T. Wilson Comm. Epist. S. Paul to Romanes 953 He ouercommeth this feare, and is in good heart.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. iii. 204 Why, had your Bodyes No Heart among you? View more context for this quotation
1693 J. Dryden tr. Last Parting of Hector & Andromache in Examen Poeticum 460 Thy dauntless Heart..will urge thee to thy Fate.
1728 P. Des Maizeaux tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Wks. (ed. 2) III. 378 Their Friendship..is able to furnish pleasure enough to keep the Commerce in good heart.
a1770 T. Cradock Maryland Eclogues i, in Poet. Writings (1983) 140 Fear of Starving, Hope of living better, Made me have Heart enough to cross the Water.
1792 J. Belknap Foresters x. 130 Those who at various times received favours from him when they were in distress,..encouraged him to keep up a good heart.
1840 C. Gore Abbey I. 161 The great generals thought, somehow, that their folly put heart into the men.
1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers II. xi. 189 Now, good-by..and keep a good heart.
1885 Sat. Rev. 24 Jan. 103/2 Its younger members, if brainless, are not without heart and pluck.
1918 Ice Cream Rev. Jan. 33/1 This convention..accomplished what nothing else could have in instilling heart into men who needed this encouragement.
1967 ‘Iceberg Slim’ Pimp v. 103 Look Preston, I got lots of heart. I'm not a pussy. I been to the joint twice. I did tough bits, but I didn't fall apart.
1988 New Yorker 4 July 32/3 Up front, Sugar gathered heart and swung gustily into the chorus.
2011 L. See Dreams of Joy 276 ‘She'll go to prison for a long time. She'll never survive that.’ ‘She has a brave heart.’
b. (The source of) energy, vigour, enthusiasm, or commitment. Frequently in negative contexts, and also in various fixed phrases, as to have the heart at Phrases 3e(a), to put one's heart into at Phrases 3i(b), etc. Cf. half-hearted adj. 1, wholehearted adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > [noun] > source of
heart1682
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 273 Their loosness of life is a sign that there is not much heart in what they do, and without the heart things are little worth. View more context for this quotation
1689 J. Flavel Englands Duty xi. 427 I have been frequent in the external Duties of Religion, but my Heart was not in them.
1780 F. Burney Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 8 I have so little Heart in the affair, that I have now again quite dropt it.
1835 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 3 Oct. 281/1 He was..compelled to see too many friends by regular invitation to have any heart for extempore ones.
1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel I. i. xii. 71 His whole heart was in the game.
1910 Scribner's Mag. 48 755/2 He had little heart in the war and was always getting yellow fever and other undesirable things.
1940 Boys' Life Nov. 32/3 A boy can take notes and transcribe them as well as a girl, but his heart just isn't in it. He's all set for bigger things.
1997 Billboard 6 Dec. 90/4 At one time with ‘The Magazine’..she really had her heart in it.
2001 M. Cadnum Raven of Waves 169 ‘It would be easy [to hit him],’ Trygg protested without much heart.
12. The heart considered as the seat of perception or of the intellectual faculties generally; (also) understanding, intellect, mind; (in later use esp.) memory. Now rare except in by heart at Phrases 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intellect > [noun] > heart as seat of intellect
heartOE
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Deut. (Claud.) xxix. 4 Drihten eow ne sealde undergytende heortan [L. cor intellegens], ne eagan to geseonne, ne earan to gehyrenne oð ðisne andweardan dæg.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiv. 25 Eala dysegan & on heortan læte to gelyfenne [L. tardi corde ad credendum] eallum þam þe witegan spæcon.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 121 (MED) Þe deofel ablende heore heortan þet heo ne cunnan icnawen ure helend þe wes imong heom.
?c1250 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) 285 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 177 Ne mai non heorte it þenche, ne no tunge ne can telle.
c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 1199 His hurte him ȝaf that hit was he.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 290 (MED) He..biliue in his hert be-þout ȝif he him gun lye, he wold prestely perceyue.
1416 Rolls of Parl.: Henry V (Electronic ed.) Parl. Mar. 1416 §48. m. 2 Le Roy Adelston..graunta..en cestes paroles: As free mak I the, as hert may thynk, or eygh may see.
c1475 Mankind (1969) 279 Thynke well in yowr hert; yowr name ys Mankynde.
a1500 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 193 (MED) In my hertt is þer nothyng off remembrauns that to Ioy sownyth.
1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas sig. B.ij And me they found..Whose harmelesse hart, perceivde not this deceit.
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 124 Would hart of man Once thinke it?
1611 Bible (King James) Luke xxiv. 25 O fooles, and slow of heart to beleeue all that the Prophets haue spoken. View more context for this quotation
1754 tr. in Coll. Hymns Children of God in All Ages (Moravian Church) ii. 85/2 To draw still gently all men to him nearer, His Heart's thought is.
1778 J. H. Moore Poet. Trifles 15 And then she dances—better far Than heart can think, or tongue can tell.
1884 C. E. Plumptre G. Bruno II. iii. xiv. 168 While at Frankfort he had heard him repeat these lines, and therefore committed them to heart.
1961 C. Cross Fascists in Brit. (1963) xi. 158 Perhaps, if he [sc. Oswald Mosley] had won, words like these would now be committed to heart by British schoolchildren as Americans learn the Gettysburg address.
13. Conscience; a person's moral sense. In later use esp. with smite (originally after biblical use as in quot. a1382).
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > [noun] > moral sense > conscience
hearta1225
conscience?c1225
inwitc1230
pursec1275
the bird in one's (also the) bosom1548
a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 113 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 167 Nis nan witnesse alse muchel se monnes aȝen horte [a1225 Trin. Cambr. hierte; a1300 McClean herte].
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 2 Kings xxiv. 10 Forsoþe þe herte of dauiþ smoot hym aftir þat þe puple is noumbrid.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) 1 John iii. 20 For if oure herte shal reproue us, or vndernyme, God is more than oure herte.
?1530 St. German's Dyaloge Doctoure & Student xv. f. xxxiiv If thyn owne herte reproue the not thou shalt alwayes haue inwarde peace.
1588 G. Babington Profitable Expos. Lords Prayer vi. 569 His heart smote him,..and the woorde importeth a twitching smart.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1659 (1955) III. 229 My heart smote me for it.
a1699 A. Halkett Autobiogr. (1875) 3 That my owne Hart cannott challenge mee.
1758 T. Secker 9 Serm. vi. 159 Our Hearts tell us we have particularly transgressed.
1801 D. Wordsworth Grasmere Jrnls. 22 Dec. (1991) 50 Wanting to try him if he would speak I let him pass. He said nothing, & my heart smote me.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. xiii. 115 Lady Vargrave's heart reproached her with not having..loved this sweet girl as she deserved.
1886 ‘H. Conway’ Living or Dead ii. v I said good-bye with a coldness for which my heart smote me.
1900 E. S. Ellis Red Plume xiii. 103 Her heart reproved her for what she had done.
1917 Boys' Life Mar. 51/1 The boy's heart smote him at the thought of the trap into which he planned to lead them.
1946 Scandia (Kansas) Jrnl. 6 June Her heart reproached her for the relief she felt.
2001 G. Morris Jacob's Way 115 Reisa noticed how slowly Jacob moved, and her heart smote her. ‘I should have ben more watchful,’ she said.
III. Something having a central position; (hence) the vital part or principle.
14. The innermost or central part of anything; the centre, the middle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part
hearteOE
yolk1340
centruma1398
marrow1434
core1614
kernela1642
centrals1649
nucleus1702
centrepiece1739
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xlv. 2 (3) Propterea non timebimus dum conturbabitur terra, et transferentur montes in cor maris : forðon we ne ondredað ðonne bið gedroed eorðe & bioð forcerred muntas in heortan sæs.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 40 Swa byþ mannes sunu on eorþan heortan [L. in corde terrae] þry dagas & þreo niht.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 35 Þat ys in heouene hert in hyde.
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xlv. 2 Þe mounteins shul be born in-to þe hert of þe see.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 1 It [sc. the Holy Land] is the herte and the myddes of all the world.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 111 Ordeyne þy wenges on the right syde of hem þat stryken... And in þe hert, or ellys in þe myddes of þi folk, hem þat sendys out brennand brandouns.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 34 The herte of Fraunce.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xl. 230 In the hart of a great towne.
1658 A. Cokayne Small Poems 112 Our Warwick-shire the Heart of England is.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 71 A bore through the heart or centre of the earth.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 22 The Heart of the City.
1768 Gentleman's Mag. June 290 The arguments which have been hitherto placed at the heart of the several books,..are now prefixed as a table of contents.
1807 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life II. xv. 41 To be locked up in the very heart of the most crowded of all the rooms.
1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe iii. 121 We soon found ourselves in the very heart of the glacier.
1908 J. London Martin Eden xxxvi. 309 They dismounted and plunged off to the right into the heart of the working-class ghetto.
1955 J. Kerouac Let. May in Sel. Lett. 1940–56 (1995) 480 Here I am in the heart of the cottonfields and tobaccy fields, bored.
2011 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 14 July 42/3 I tried to rent a beautiful riyadh in the heart of the old city.
15. = heartwood n. 2. Also: the heartwood of (a specified tree). Cf. heart of oak n. 1.Recorded earliest in heart lath n. at Compounds 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > heart-wood or duramen
heart1324
core1604
spine1630
duramen1837
1324 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) 249 (MED) Hertlathes for tiles.
c1384 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 231 The seyd Richard Wyllesdon Schall..byld..All the Fronntte of the seyde soyle..of Storyes..propossenyd of sufficient tymbre, All only of herte of oke.
1432 in J. C. Tingey Rec. City of Norwich (1910) II. 390 (MED) He xal..plank it with englyssh oke of hert er ebel of a resonable thiknes.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 102 The Elme..(as it is al hart) it maketh good tymber.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. ii. 57 We chip off all the white sap, till we come to the heart.
1735 Pennsylvania Gaz. 4 Feb. Wooden Mouldings..which being commonly of Heart-of-Pine and full of Turpentine, stand ready to flame as soon as [etc.].
1744 J. T. Desaguliers Course Exper. Philos. II. 135 The Pipes..must have the Heart of Elm three Inches thick after it is bor'd.
1755 R. Goade Boerhaave's Materia Medica 233 Yellow Saunders is the Heart of a Tree, solid, firm, heavy, and of a pale yellow.
1822 Amer. Farmer 3 863/3 The alburnum gradually changes into hard wood, called the heart of the tree.
1870 Eng. Mechanic 22 Apr. 111/2 Well selected heart of hickory makes a very fair fly rod.
1903 R. H. Richards Text-bk. Ore Dressing I. iv. 155 The woods are preferred in this order: Oak, hickory, heart of maple, and pine.
1940 Pop. Mech. Nov. 789 Fig. 11 shows how lumber shrinks—always bowing out on the heart side.
1999 Log Home Design Ideas Mar. 88/2 A factory..yielded some heart of pine that was planed and fit together to make the kitchen counter-tops.
16. A central part of distinct conformation or character.
a. The central part or core of a plant or plant part (which in the case of various edible plants is often eaten or cooked separately); esp. (a) the pith of a stem or root; (b) the receptacle or other central part of a flower (see also artichoke heart n. at artichoke n. Compounds 3); (c) the compact mass of leaves characteristic of certain types of cabbage, lettuce, etc. (= head n.1 15d); (d) an edible bud, apical shoot, or thickened stem (see also palm heart n. at palm n.1 Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > head or heart > [noun] > heart
heart1578
the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part > of distinct character
heart1578
core1784
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. i. 886 In a harde tre is neisshe piþþe... And som men clepeþ it þe herte of þe tree, for þerof comeþ moeuynge of lyf, as lif of feelynge comeþ of þe herte of euerich beste.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 35 Þe tre..dried. And so did..all þe treesse in þe werld, or elles þai failed in þaire hertes and become holle within.
c1450 Practica Phisicalia John of Burgundy in H. Schöffler Mittelengl. Medizinlit. (1919) 245 Take ij or iij onyons and cut out þe hertis, and fyl hem full of freche grece.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. lxi. 402 The Roote..hauing in the middle a little white, the whiche men call the Harte of Osmunde.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 100 A goodly apple rotten at the hart . View more context for this quotation
1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 715/1 The heart, or pith of a tree; Medulla.
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 45 A Flower is compos'd of..the Cup..the Leaves, and the Heart.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 166/1 Cabbage..eaten in a young state..before the heart has become firm and hard.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 166/2 The heart, or middle part of the plant [sc. the large-ribbed Cabbage] has..been found very delicate.
1916 Muskogee (Okla.) Times-Democrat 25 Mar. 12/2 Dinner offers..grilled Spanish onions, cauliflower, tomato sauce, hearts of Romaine, [etc.].
1931 K. M. Smith Textbk. Agric. Entomol. vii. 78 The caterpillars of the cabbage moth bore into the heart of the plant to a greater extent.
1935 F. D. Davison & B. Nicholls Blue Coast Caravan 126 They ate..the green heart of the piccabeen palm.
1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xxiii. 457 When frozen, the tips of old leaves go, and finally the heart of the plant succumbs.
1978 O. Bernier tr. L. Berman Three Worlds of Leonid v. 130 We would take the new arrivals to Basso's where we would eat the then fashionable hearts of palm.
2006 Wine Spirits Q. Spring 23/3 The ‘heart’, or center, of a plant called the blue agave..is harvested when the plant is 8–12 years old, with each heart weighing around 40–70 pounds.
b. The central strand of a composite rope, round which the other strands are twisted.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > other manufactured or derived materials > [noun] > rope or cord > strand of rope > central strand
heart1759
heart strand1798
heart yarn1827
core1849
1759 News-readers Pocket-bk. 70 Stays are cable-laid, but made with four Strands.., with the Addition of an Heart, which goes though the Center.
1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXXIV. at Stay The heart must be near the size of the strand, or the rope will not lie round and true.
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. x. 313 Shroud-laid rope, 4 strands and a heart.
1939 Bluejacket's Man. (U.S. Navy) (ed. 9) xxxiv. 423 Seize the ends of 3 strands of small stuff along the heart, allowing 2 parts to hang on the right and 1 on the left of the heart.
1986 M. P. Verney Compleat Bk. Yacht Care 128/2 Bind wire rope 10 in (250 mm) from end. Unlay, cut out heart and one wire strand at the binding.
2009 O. A. Eriksen Constitution i. 2 (caption) Four Hawser-laid ropes twisted right-handed and at times with a heart as shown.
c. The central core of a wall, column, structural member, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > other parts
heart1792
core1842
1792 Bee 15 Aug. 206 The loose stones, that formed originally the heart of the wall.
1793 Bee 20 Mar. 87 A number of smooth cylindrical pieces of wood are to be..fixed in an upright-position near to, but not touching one another, throughout the whole heart of the column.
a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1087/2 Heart,..the central solid portion or core of a twisted column.
1994 in F. K. Garas et al. Building Future 353 The section aids..the transfer of load from the steel tube wall to the concrete heart of the column.
17. The part of a time or season when its character becomes most intense (usually the middle part); the height or depth of winter, summer, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > [noun] > middle of a period
midtime1418
heart1523
holla1525
deep1530
waist1604
depth1605
full1658
howe1818
hollow1864
inside1890
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccviii. f. ciiv Other erles, barownes, and knyghtes,..were there in the hert of wynter.
1585 A. Golding tr. P. Mela Worke of Cosmographer vi. 80 In the heart of Summer, there is no night at all.
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida sig. D2 Your eye as heauie, as the heart of night.
1692 tr. P. Boyer Hist. Vaudois xxii. 200 He made the Prisons be opened, but this was not done till the heart of winter.
1764 ‘G. Psalmanazar’ Memoirs 168 To send me away in the heart of a severe winter.
1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby III. viii. i. 175 It was the heart of the London season.
1882 Cent. Mag. July 380 I outquestioned with fear: ‘Heart of Winter! Oh, art thou the Heart of the Year?’
1920 National Drug Clerk July 602/1 Now..is the heart of the soda fountain season. The volume of business should be at its greatest.
1984 G. Jones Hist. Vikings (rev. ed.) iv. ii. 385 Olaf set out on his death-journey in the heart of winter.
2004 N.Y. Mag. 28 June 132/2 Right in the heart of the summer-blockbuster season.
18.
a. The condition of land, soil, etc., as to its capacity to provide what is required of it; vigour, fertility. Also: the capacity of grass, etc., to thrive. Agriculture in later use.Earliest in out of heart (see Phrases 1i(b)). See also Phrases 1f(c)(ii).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > [noun] > capacity of
heart1577
yield-capacity1889
1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. III. sig. ¶iiv The Churche in this time is like lande that..is so out of harte, that it requireth armes of yron, and legges of brasse to recouer it againe.
1594 H. Plat Diuerse Sorts of Soyle 59 in Jewell House A fruitfull molde, and such as giueth hart vnto the earth.
1625 G. Markham Inrichment of Weald of Kent 18 Plough not the ground vntill it haue taken such rest..and then if you desire to haue it in good heart, you must marle it.
1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xviii. 107 To Till it forth of heart is just as if you worke an Oxe off his leggs.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Hops If the Hops be in good Heart, Manuring and Pruning is most adviseable.
1770 A. Young Course Exper. Agric. I. i. ii. 7 We shall discover..what difference is caused by the soil being in great or in poor heart.
1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon viii. 212 The produce of upland hay varies according to the season, the heart, and condition, the land may be in.
1856 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 17 ii. 528 Such grass affords, as the farmers say, ‘no heart’—‘no proof’ in it.
1895 W. Rye in Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 3rd Ser. 6 5 In 1787 the heart of the land was so improved that Coke began to sow wheat.
1914 F. C. Sears Productive Orcharding ix. 116 The orchard must be in ‘good heart’ before it is worth while to try any of the clovers.
1973 J. Seymour & S. Seymour Self-sufficiency ii. 24 If the land is in very poor heart..then you may have to use some nitrogen for a year or two.
1992 Farmers Weekly 14 Aug. 71 (advt.) Farmhouse, planning permission for further house... Productive arable land in especially good heart.
b. In extended use with reference to the condition of animals. Now rare (in later use coloured by sense A. 11a).
ΚΠ
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxviii. 1007 To the end that his travelling beasts of draught and cariage, might be fresh and in good heart to passe through Thracia.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iii. §6. 442 The maine businesse of Hannibal..was, to prouide abundantly, not only for his men, but for his horses..; that he might keepe them in good heart against the next Sommer.
1801 R. Fraser Gen. View Co. Wicklow iii. ii. 183 These cattle have been of late years introduced into the mountainous parts of Devonshire, where they keep in good heart all winter, without any house meat.
1850 Amer. Farmer June 421/1 Those who have oxen that they desire to keep in good heart..should bear in mind, that..they should sow Ruta Baga turnip seed.
1897 35th Ann. Rep. State Board Agric. Michigan 159 Out of about 120 I lost three apparently from dysentery all the rest except one or two are in excellent heart.
1916 Farm Jrnl. Sept. 467/3 Do not expect a horse to keep in good heart if worked days and turned out to pasture nights.
19. With of. The best or choicest part of something.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being the best > [noun] > best part
yolk1340
chief1509
heart1584
prime1625
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > that which is important > most important > part
headeOE
main1481
chiefty1552
main1567
principality1567
heart1584
the main of alla1591
main1595
masterpiece1612
stress1633
staple1826
node1860
staff and staple1869
meat1886
crux1888
business end1890
spear-head1929
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cxcv. 156 Creame..is indeede the verie head or heart of Mylke.
1620 G. Markham Farwell to Husbandry xv. 134 The very heart of the oatmeale boyled and drayned to that height and thicknesse hauing neither hull nor branne in it but the pure meale and water.
1709 J. Spelman & T. Hearne Life Alfred the Great iii. 163 The Danish..possessed and spoiled all, even the Heart and Choicest Part of the Land.
1957 Life 22 Apr. 71 (advt.) Get more nourishment for less money with Starlac, the heart of milk.
1989 L. S. Schwartz in C. P. Gilman Yellow Wallpaper & other Writings p. xv The reshaping and recombinations that make the succulent heart of adult life.
2004 Wall St. Jrnl. 24 Sept. (Central ed.) a2/1 (advt.) Tito's Handmade Vodka is designed to be savored by spirit connoisseurs... Only the heart of the run, ‘the nectar’ is taken, leaving behind residual higher and lower alcohols.
20. With reference to non-material things: the vital, essential, significant, or operative part; the essence or core (of something).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > vital part or vitalizing influence
pitheOE
sap1526
quicka1566
lifeblood1582
heartstring1584
entelechy1603
heart1603
heart-blood1606
heart and soul1616
heart's-blooda1631
life's bloodc1635
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet sig. D3 Our deere cosin Hamlet Hath lost the very heart of all his sence.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. ii. 217 Now (Sir Iohn) here is the heart of my purpose. View more context for this quotation
1648 Fraction in Assembly 9 This, I have told you, is the very heart of the affaire.
1653 R. Baxter Right Method Settled Peace 44 The Heart of saving faith is this Acceptance of Christ.
1752 W. Law Way to Divine Knowlege i. 27 You are come directly to the Truth and Heart of the Matter.
1844 E. B. Barrett Drama of Exile in Poems I. 52 And from the top of sense, looked over sense, To the significance and heart of things.
1871 F. Darwin Life & Lett. C. Darwin (1887) III. 147 Mr. Huxley's unrivalled power in tearing the heart out of a book.
1911 C. L. Hind Post Impressionists i. 1 Post Impressionism has been called the heart of painting; it has also been described as an insult to the intelligence.
1956 R. A. Horn Groups & Constit. ii. 30 Let us cut to the heart of the matter as quickly as we can. We must begin by asking what is the purpose.
1990 Parenting Feb. 38/2 Kids really get to the heart of spelling..when they're engaged in spontaneous writing.
IV. Used of a person, esp. as a term of endearment, etc.
21. As a term of endearment: a loved one; (with possessive adjective) (one's) beloved, (one's) darling. Frequently as a form of address. Often with modifying adjective, chiefly dear and sweet (see sweetheart n.).See also dear heart at dear adj.1 5d.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun]
darlingc888
belamy?c1225
culver?c1225
dearc1230
sweetheartc1290
heartc1300
sweetc1330
honeya1375
dovec1386
jewelc1400
birdc1405
cinnamonc1405
honeycombc1405
lovec1405
wantonc1450
mulling?a1475
daisyc1485
crowdy-mowdy?a1513
honeysop?a1513
powsowdie?a1513
suckler?a1513
foolc1525
buttinga1529
whitinga1529
beautiful1534
turtle-dove1535
soula1538
heartikin1540
bully?1548
turtle1548
lamba1556
nyletc1557
sweet-lovea1560
coz1563
ding-ding1564
pugs1566
golpol1568
sparling1570
lover1573
pug1580
bulkin1582
mopsy1582
chuck1589
bonny1594
chick1594
sweetikin1596
ladybird1597
angel1598
muss1598
pinkany1599
sweetkin1599
duck1600
joy1600
sparrowc1600
sucket1605
nutting1606
chuckaby1607
tickling1607
bagpudding1608
heartling1608
chucking1609
dainty1611
flittermouse1612
honeysuckle1613
fubs1614
bawcocka1616
pretty1616
old thinga1625
bun1627
duckling1630
bulchin1633
bulch?c1640
sweetling1648
friscoa1652
ding-dongs1662
buntinga1668
cocky1680
dearie1681
chucky1683
lovey1684
machree1689
nykin1693
pinkaninny1696
nug1699
hinny1724
puss1753
pet1767
dovey1769
sweetie1778
lovey-dovey1781
lovely1791
ducky1819
toy1822
acushla1825
alanna1825
treat1825
amigo1830
honey child1832
macushla1834
cabbage1840
honey-bunch1874
angel pie1878
m'dear1887
bach1889
honey baby1895
prawn1895
hon1896
so-and-so1897
cariad1899
pumpkin1900
honey-bun1902
pussums1912
snookums1919
treasure1920
wogger1922
amico1929
sugar1930
baby cake1949
angel cake1951
lamb-chop1962
petal1974
bae2006
c1300 St. Kenelm (Harl.) l. 142 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 51 Allas heo seide..Þat mie child mie swete hurte scholde such þing bitide.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1649 Whi so, mi dere hert?
a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) l. 2533 As ye byn hir hert swete.
1494 Will of Thomas Cumbe (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/10) f. 133v To pray for the soules of my most Derist hert and Lady and for myn.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 318 Adieu, myn herte, & al my joye.
a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) i. iii. sig. B.iiij Howe dothe sweete Custance, my heart of gold, tell me how?
1676 C. Beale Pocket-bk. in H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (1763) III. i. 76 My dear heart and self and son Charles saw at Mr. Walton's the lady Carnarvon's picture.
1677 H. Woolley Compleat Servant-maid Ep. Young Maidens sig. A3v Sweet Hearts..I have..composed this little Book, as a Rich Storehouse for you.
1719 W. Hamilton Epist. to Ramsay 24 July x Do not mistake me, dearest heart.
1794 P. Hoare My Grandmother i. 10 Hither trips along a beau so smart,—dear heart; pretty lass, this way—soft, soft, stay here;—my dear!
1814 S. J. Arnold Woodman's Hut iii. i. 38 Dear heart, how courageous you are, not to know what fear is.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xviii. viii, in Maud & Other Poems 60 Dear heart, I feel with thee the drowsy spell.
1870 H. MacCormac Sc. Minister 61 My heart, my sweetest heart, I could have been your fond, devoted partner, loved you and cherished you for aye.
1908 E. Wharton Let. c20 May (1988) 145 I am mad about you Dear Heart and sick at the thought of our parting.
1957 J. Fleming Maiden's Prayer ii. 109 You're the answer to a maiden's prayer, dear heart.
1992 S. Bojé Cry Softly, Thule Nene 74 But darling heart, I think that's a splendid idea!
2004 C. Shields Coll. Short Stories 82 We had a real nice selection [of cards], all the way from ‘I boobed’ to ‘Forgive me, Dear Heart.’
22. Originally: a person considered in respect of his or her bravery, courage, or other admirable qualities (usually with preceding modifying adjective). In later (esp. Nautical) use also in plural without preceding descriptive adjective as a form of address, esp. as my hearts (now archaic; cf. hearty n. 2).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > hero > person of mettle
heart1340
heart of oakc1384
bolda1400
doughtya1400
stalworthc1400
sternc1400
Ironsidea1470
stalwart1508
galliard1532
lada1556
stoutheart1556
hardydardy1593
valour1609
valiant1610
fireman1648
hearty1790
my (also me) hearty1839
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 112 Þet bread..ne is naȝt mete to gromes ne to yeue..ne to cherles ac to noble herten.
c1440 S. Scrope in tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 3 And therfore my desire, corage and wille Is that noble hertis may this report So welle, that to all it may be disport.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 141 Whan the noble hertes herde hym saye thoo wordes, they held it to grete wysedome of hym.
1584 W. Warner Pan his Syrinx sig. I The boy suddenly crieth: Land, land, land, reioyse my heartes I discrie Land.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. i. 5 Heigh my hearts, cheerely, cheerely my harts.
1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 25 Courage my hearts for a fresh charge.
1685 G. Meriton Praise of York-shire Ale 14 Come here my Hearts, Said he.
1763 Tommy & Sally (new ed.) ii. i. 12 Then courage, my hearts, your own consequence know.
1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 23 History..Tells of a few stout hearts that fought and died.
1825 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 18 706/1 Zounds, we'll have plenty of room to lark now, my heart.
1834 T. Hood Storm iv, in Comic Ann. 103 Come, my hearts, be stout and bold.
1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies vii. 277 They were all true English hearts; and they came to their end like good knights-errant.
1901 R. N. Stephens Capt. Ravenshaw i. 34 ‘As good a piece of swaggering gallantry as any,’ said the captain. ‘Come, my hearts!’
1988 Cincinnati Mag. Mar. 81/1 Those stout hearts who are paid to predict the Bulls and Bears of a market gone berserk.
23. As a term of compassion, esp. in poor heart (cf. poor adj. 5 and poor soul at soul n. 10a(a)).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > compassion > quality of exciting pity > [noun] > pitiable person
wretcha1500
foolc1525
elf1573
poor hearta1600
pilgarlic1694
perisher1896
a1600 I. T. Grim the Collier iii He, poor Heart, no sooner heard my newes, But turns me up his Whites, and falls flat down.
1668 S. Pepys Diary 27 Dec. (1976) IX. 402 My wife and I fell out a little..she cried, poor heart, which I was troubled for.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 110 Wherefore the Town of Mansoul (poor hearts) understood him not. View more context for this quotation
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xi. ii. 108 The poor little Heart looked so piteous, when she sat down. View more context for this quotation
1772 J. W. Fletcher Appeal Matter of Fact Concl. Addr. 42 Some poor hungry hearts will say, ‘One thing is needful for us. We cannot have too much virgin-honey.’
1808 G. Colman Blue Devils 17 Poor little heart! she'll cry her sweet pretty eyes out.
1856 G. Massey Craigcrook Castle 45 Poor heart, that danced among the vines All reeling-ripe with wild love-wines.
1896 F. H. Burnett Lady of Quality xiii. 195 ‘Poor heart!’ she cried. ‘Poor, dearest heart!’
a1985 O. Welles Chimes at Midnight (1988) 249 O poor heart, sweet man. Come to him. He is very sick.
1998 Voces 2 23 The poor, dear heart couldn't stop crying.
V. Something more or less resembling a heart, esp. in shape.
24. A representation, more or less conventionalized, of the human heart or of its shape in outline; esp. a symmetrical figure, ♥, formed of two similar curves meeting in a point at one end and a cusp at the other. Also: an object in the shape of a heart or (esp.) of its common conventionalized representation.The conventionalized shape is often used as a symbol of romantic love or affection (cf. sense A. 10 and love heart n. (b) at love n.1 Compounds 6), sometimes pierced with an arrow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > thing or part in other curved shapes
heart1446
scutule1592
figure (of) eight1607
parenthesis1608
scallop1609
curvilineal1636
stirrup1684
pelecoid1706
shield1849
pretzel1919
jug handle1955
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > of living thing > of human figure > of part of
handOE
headOE
heart1446
face1488
tongue1488
mask1790
1446 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1865) III. 102 (MED) De hertes de jete iiij d.
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 35 The seid broche herte of gold to be hange, naylyd, and festnyd vpon the shryne.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 535 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 111 The dowglass in armes ye bludy hart beris.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxxix A hart of gold, weiyng ii.M. Crounes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. ii. 107 I tooke a costly Iewell from my necke, A Hart it was bound in with Diamonds. View more context for this quotation
1720 D. Manley Power of Love i. 20 The Justs ended with his receiving a Heart of Diamonds from the Dutchess.
1766 ‘M. A. Porny’ Elem. Heraldry (1787) 150 A Man's Heart Gules, within two equilateral triangles braced Sable.
1834 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Seine 104 At the foot of the tomb was another heart in white marble.
1899 H. E. V. Stannard Mother's Holiday 108 In the course of the search which was made by the police the little heart of rubies was discovered in Ann Eliza's bedroom.
1907 What to Eat Sept. 103/2 Each young man..proposed to each young woman present, and she in turn presented him with a heart made of red satin.
1946 Rotarian Dec. 62/2 In its bark I carved a heart Pierced through with a Cupid's dart.
1998 D. J. Ringle Life in Mr. Lincoln's Navy iii. 32 Another young tar embroidered a heart on the front of his winter frock.
2011 M. Moseley When Sparrows Fall xxvii. 290 He..cleared paper hearts from the refrigerator door so he had room to affix his phone number.
†25. The sole of the foot, esp. in a horse. Chiefly in heart of the foot. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > foot or spec. foot > sole of
heartc1450
sole1610
c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 48 (MED) Enoynt þerwith the hert of his fete and the pawmes of his handis.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxiiii Morfounde..apereth vnder the houfe in the hert of the fote.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 413 Gravelling is a hurt will make a horse to halt, and commeth of grauell and little stones, that goeth betweene the shooe and the hearte of the foote.
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 210 He has got a Prick thro' the Sole or Heart of the Foot (as it is called).
26.
a. In plural (sometimes with singular agreement). One of the four suits into which a pack of playing cards is divided, distinguished by conventionalized representations of hearts in red (cf. diamond n. 5b); frequently in the names of cards of this suit, as the four (ten, Jack, etc.) of hearts. Also as count noun (with singular and plural): a card of this suit.In quot. 1583 with punning reference to sense A. 6a.picks and hearts: see pick n.1 7.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun] > suit > specific suit or card of
clubs1563
hearts1583
money1593
diamond1594
spade1598
spade1745
swords1816
coins1844
batons1848
puppyfoot1907
1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) II. xi. 1757 [Paraphrasing Latimer] Now turne vp your trump, your hart, (hartes is trumpe as I said before) and cast your trumpe your heart on this carde.
1599 tr. Historia de Donne Famose sig. A2v Like the Ase of Harts at Mawe.
1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. N8v With peeps of Harts, of Club and Spade.
1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) iii. 23 Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, in wild Disorder seen.
1764 tr. M. Mons New Treat. Real Quadrille 99 The whole suit of hearts remain except the 6, and the cards have the same rank as at quadrille.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxiv. 382 Why Mr. Pickwick had not..roughed the spade, or finessed the heart.
1891 Notes & Queries 10 Jan. 36/1 For hearts the Spaniards have cups, but for spades they have swords.
1907 Hoyle's Games 360 Reducing the pack to 24 cards by throwing out the 8 of hearts and all the diamonds but the 7.
1959 T. Reese Bridge Player's Dict. 247 West uppercuts with the nine of hearts, forcing the jack from dummy.
1969 New York 2 June 66/3 The first round of cards were hearts.
2011 T. Campbell Fold 133 Vijay turned over the fourth card. It was the queen of hearts... Nick didn't have any hearts in his hand.
b. In plural (with singular agreement). Usually with capital initial. A card game of which the object is to avoid taking a trick containing a heart or other penalty card. Cf. Black Maria n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > whist > [noun] > varieties of
whisk and swabbers1699
twelfth whist1752
Boston1800
short1825
long1832
dummy whist1843
preference1852
solo whistc1875
hearts1884
drive whist1885
cayenne whist1887
duplicate whist1891
duplicate1894
straight whist1901
1884 C. M. Green Friend of All App. 1128/1 Hearts. This game has the same fundamental rules as whist, except that there are no partners, each one playing for himself, also that the number of tricks do not count and there is no trump.
1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 343/1 All the games with cards at present in vogue, including..whist, Cayenne whist, Hearts.
1930 W. S. Maugham Writer's Notebk. (1949) 231 In the evening the guests collect and play hearts for infinitesimal sums.
1959 J. D. Salinger in New Yorker 6 June 101 At all card games, without exception—Go Fish, poker, cassino, hearts, old maid..—he was absolutely intolerable.
1995 L. Braun Montreal Cats ix. 173 After crib, we play hearts and black-out.
c. Bridge. Each of the tricks beyond a total of six which a bidder can undertake to win, when play is conducted with this suit as trumps. Chiefly with preceding numeral.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics > tricks or taking tricks
slam1814
little slam1839
book1857
overtrick1885
small slam1887
undertrick1908
heart1909
playing trick1959
1909 W. Dalton Auction Bridge Up-to-Date xiii. 210 A call of ‘Three Hearts’ or ‘Three Diamonds’ can well be doubled with one probable trick in trumps, and considerable strength in other suits.
1933 Winnipeg Free Press 13 Apr. 10/1 If his response is a heart, I will make the game-forcing leeway response of three hearts.
1958 Listener 6 Nov. 753/2 Over Two Diamonds I bid Two Hearts rather than Three Diamonds to preserve bidding space.
2004 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 27 Dec. ii. 8/3 We doubt whether you can come to any harm bidding three hearts.
27.
a. With distinguishing word: any of various plants having heart-shaped parts or parts with heart-shaped markings.Earliest in Indian heart n. at Indian adj. and n. Compounds 1a(b). See also floating heart n. at floating adj. Compounds 1, heart of the earth n. at Phrases 2d.bleeding heart: see bleeding adj. Compounds. maiden heart: see maiden n. and adj. Compounds 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > appearance of plant > form of plant or that has parts of particular shape > [noun]
heart1597
window plant1838
growth-form1887
parasol1934
petaloid1945
multiflora1972
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 271 The blacke winter Cherrie is called..in English the Indian hart, or hart Pease.
1693 N. Staphorst tr. L. Rauwolf Trav. Eastern Countries ii. viii, in J. Ray Coll. Curious Trav. I. 193 The lesser is with its hard shell of the bigness of a Pea, and are shaped like unto an Hart, or the Dora, that is, the Indian-Hart.
2003 Log Home Living July 88/1 Floating-leaved plants. These decorative plants..include floating heart or water snowflake, parrot's feather and four-leaved water clover.
b. spec. Any of numerous cultivated varieties of cherry having heart-shaped fruit; a fruit of such a variety; = heart cherry n. at Compounds 3b. Frequently with distinguishing word, usually indicating the colour of the fruit. Now chiefly historical.black, bleeding, red, white heart: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > cherry > types of cherry
black cherry1530
geana1533
Plinian1577
mazzard1578
mazardc1595
merry1595
Flanders cherry1597
heart cherry1599
cherrylet1605
agriot1611
morel1611
cœur-cherry1626
bigarreau1629
May-cherry1629
morello1629
urinal cherry1629
white-heart cherry1629
duracine1655
heart1658
black heart1664
carnation1664
duke1664
honey cherrya1671
nonsuch1674
merise1675
red-hearta1678
prince royal1686
lukeward1707
white-heart1707
May duke1718
Royal Ann1724
ox-heart1731
ratafia1777
choke-cherry1785
mountain cherry1811
rum cherry1818
sour cherry1884
Napoleon1886
Napoleon cherry1933
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner App. 275 Beginning then with Cherries, White, Hearts, and the Preserving Cherries [Fr. les Cerizes, Guines, & Griottes].
1694 J. Pechey Compl. Herbal 45/2 The following Sorts of Cherries are much esteem'd here in England,..the Bleeding-heart and the Naples.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Cerasus The Hearts are all of them ill Bearers.
1764 Museum Rusticum 2 57/2 Nine cherries. 5 May Dukes. 2 Black Hearts. 2 White Hearts.
1828 Gardener's Mag. 3 372 Why were not all the Duke Cherries, Hearts, &c., arranged together in the same way as the geans?
1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 45 Their flesh is not so firm and crackling as that of the Bigarreaus, but considerably harder than the Black Geans, and these I propose to call Hearts.
1902 E. S. Goff Lessons Commerc. Fruit Growing 87 Prunus avium, the bird cherry of Europe, the sweet cherry of North America, or the English cherry, to which the classes known as Mazzards, Hearts, Bigarreaus, and Dukes belong.
1944 U. P. Hedrick Home Garden 118 Sweet varieties with soft tender flesh have the group name of Hearts or Geans.
1998 P. J. Hatch Fruits & Fruit Trees of Monticello ii. 93/1 Morellos, and sweet Black Hearts were planted casually in the yard for pies and preserves.
28. = heart-shell n. at Compounds 3a. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > bivalves > of particular type > other types
heart1750
sea-clam1765
Mactra1777
terebellum1851
red nose1856
red nose1864
taxodont1896
Pismo clam1911
pectinoid1952
1750 R. Pococke Trav. (1888) I. 153 I found in the Quarries several of those bivalve petrifyed shells, call'd hearts.
1833 W. Hunt Cabinet of Shells 8 (table) Cardium, or Heart, or Cockle Shell.
1942 W. F. Webb U.S. Mollusca 59/2 Cardium magnum. Born. Great Heart or Cockle. Virginia to Florida and Mexico.
29. Nautical. A triangular wooden block pierced with a single large hole through which a lanyard is reeved, used for extending the stays. Cf. dead-eye n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > rigging > [noun] > fixed rigging > rigging supporting mast laterally > block with holes for extending stays or shrouds
dead man's eye1466
ram-block1611
dead-eye1748
heart1769
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Heart, a peculiar sort of dead-eye, somewhat resembling the shape of a heart..furnished with one large hole in the middle..whereas the common dead-eyes have always three holes.
1804 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. Pref. p. xvii The dead-eyes for the stays have only one hole, which, however, is large enough to receive ten or twelve turns of the lanyard; these are generally termed hearts.
1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 37 Lanyards, rove through iron-bound hearts.
1947 H. Wyllie Let. in Mariner's Mirror (1948) 34 230 The throat and round seizings have to be constantly repassed in order to get the hearts and deadeyes turned in really snug after a pull has been got upon the lanyards.
1991 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 2 Mar. 22 The hull is 65 per cent finished, the sails are finished, the spars 85 per cent built, all 700 blocks, deadeyes and hearts have been carved and the pinnace has been completed and sailed.
30. Mechanics. Short for heart cam n. or heart wheel n. at Compounds 3a Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > converters > cams
snail-cam1591
snail-work1591
snail1714
cam1777
heart wheel1786
snail-wheel1831
heart1834
heart cam1835
1834 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 2nd Ser. 9 121 The periphery of a heart wheel or cam o, driven by a toothed wheel p.., acts against a pin in the lever m, and as the heart goes round the lever is made to vibrate.
1848 U.S. Patent 4,816 1/2 The heart E acts on a pin p projecting from the side of the lever A.
1876 Eng. Mechanic & World of Sci. 30 June 415/2 Proportioned..according as the heart is required for spinning or winding.
1906 H. Priestman Princ. Worsted Spinning vii. 190 The position of the heart is altered by the movements of this worm.
31. Fishing (chiefly U.S.). The heart-shaped intermediate portion of a heart net (see heart net n. at Compounds 3a).
ΚΠ
1873 Rep. Conditions Sea Fisheries S. Coast New Eng. (U.S. Commission Fish & Fisheries) i. xv. 262 The heart-net or pound consists of three parts, the leader, heart, and bowl.
1919 Ann. Rep. Commissioner of Fisheries (U.S. Bureau of Fisheries) 75 In addition to the two hearts some pound nets have what are termed ‘jiggers’ attached to the inside of the first or large heart.
1995 J. Lund Flatheads & Spooneys Gloss. 177 Heart and lead net, a fish trap combination consisting of a hoop net with..a long, vertical wall of netting that leads fish into the heart.
B. int.
Used as an oath or asseveration. Cf. Phrases 4. Now rare (Irish English in later use).
ΚΠ
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. i. 243 Hart, you sweare like a comfit-makers wife. View more context for this quotation
1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar ii. i. 16 Heart, you were hot enough; too hot, but now.
1925 D. Byrne O'Malley of Shanganagh ix. 97 ‘Shall we go back now, Joan?’ ‘Heart, no!’ she shook her head.
C. adv.
Originally and chiefly Scottish and Irish English. Heartily, from the heart; (occasionally more generally) utterly, completely. Only as a premodifier of adjectives (esp. in heart sorry).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > utterly
allOE
allOE
outlyOE
thwert-outc1175
skerea1225
thoroughc1225
downrightc1275
purec1300
purelyc1300
faira1325
finelyc1330
quitec1330
quitelyc1330
utterlyc1374
outerlya1382
plainlya1382
straighta1387
allutterly1389
starkc1390
oultrelya1393
plata1393
barec1400
outrightc1400
incomparablyc1422
absolutely?a1425
simpliciter?a1425
staringa1425
quitementa1450
properlyc1450
directly1455
merec1475
incomparable1482
preciselyc1503
clean?1515
cleara1522
plain1535
merely1546
stark1553
perfectly1555
right-down1566
simply1574
flat1577
flatly1577
skire1581
plumb1588
dead?1589
rankly1590
stark1593
sheera1600
start1599
handsmooth1600
peremptory1601
sheerly1601
rank1602
utter1619
point-blank1624
proofa1625
peremptorily1626
downrightly1632
right-down1646
solid1651
clever1664
just1668
hollow1671
entirely1673
blank1677
even down1677
cleverly1696
uncomparatively1702
subtly1733
point1762
cussed1779
regularly1789
unqualifiedly1789
irredeemably1790
positively1800
cussedly1802
heart1812
proper1816
slick1818
blankly1822
bang1828
smack1828
pluperfectly1831
unmitigatedly1832
bodaciously1833
unredeemedly1835
out of sight1839
bodacious1845
regular1846
thoroughly1846
ingrainedly1869
muckinga1880
fucking1893
motherless1898
self1907
stone1928
sideways1956
terminally1974
1812 Irish Mag. Feb. 80/2 The devil roast the fingers of me to the wrist, if I'm not heart sorry for it.
1835 A. M. Hall Tales of Woman's Trials 30 Och, Mistress Grady! an' I'm heart glad to see ye.
1876 J. Smith Archie & Bess 62 She's sorry for't noo—heart sorry for't.
1902 A. Wardrop Robin Tamson's Hamely Sketches 122 I'm hert-vexed for them.
1908 L. Doyle Ballygullion v. 101 The ould fellow was heart miserable about money.
1937 J. Coulter House in Quiet Glen 17 Do you know, Sally, I'm heart afeard it'll be stiff work gettin' them pacified.
1942 Scotsman 10 Aug. 4/5 I am heart-sorry for the unfortunate candidates..who were..dependent on ‘Parent's’ consistency in marking.
1977 J. Morrow Confessions Proinsias O'Toole 105 For three years I've been heart afeared to pick my own nose for fear of it being bounced off satellites for the entertainment of heathen Japs.
2012 Evening News (Edinb.) (Nexis) 16 Feb. 17 I feel heart sorry for all those who may well lose their jobs.

Phrases

P1. Phrases in which heart is the object of a preposition.
a. after a person's (own) heart: sharing or according with a person's (own) tastes, views, or sympathies. Frequently in a man (also woman, etc.) after one's own heart (originally mainly after biblical use: cf. quot. a1425).
ΚΠ
eOEEfter heortan ðinre [see sense A. 7].
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 340 Ic afunde me Dauid, Iessan sunu, æfter minre heortan, se ðe minne willan mid weorcum gefremð.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 33 Ich habbe ifunden..mon efter min heorte.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deeds xiii. 22 Y haue foundun Dauid..a man aftir myn herte [L. secundum cor meum].
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. xiii. 14 The Lorde hath soughte him out a man after his owne hert.
1549 J. Ponet tr. B. Ochino Tragoedie Unjuste Usurped Primacie sig. X.ivv I wyll gyue hym a sonne..and..he shalbe one euen after myne own heart.
1604 J. Sanford Gods Arrowe of Pestilence 13 David, that sweete singer of Israell, & the man after Gods owne heart.
1642 W. Castell Iesuits Undermining of Parl. & Protestants 1 They had an Arrchbishop [sic] after their owne heart.
1714 S. Centlivre Wonder ii. 21 So! This is Business after my own Heart; Love always takes care to reward his Labourers.
1767 ‘A. Barton’ Disappointment ii. i. 37 She'd out face truth, and out brazen the devil; a girl after my own heart, faith.
1812 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. p. x He found Mr. Cook a man after his own heart—of great literary research, and a curious collector of books.
1883 M. W. Hungerford Rossmoyne I. vi. 120 I am going to give you a mission after your own heart.
1920 C. Carswell Open Door! i. vi. 95 He wanted to get back to Italy where there was work after his own heart for the asking.
1998 G. Phinn Other Side of Dale (1999) xviii. 197 A woman after my own heart. She doesn't stand any nonsense, I can tell you.
2005 M. E. Rodgers Mencken vi. 72 Mary Shaw, Mencken said, was a tradition-smasher after his own heart.
b.
(a) at heart.
(i) In one's inmost thoughts or feelings; in one's true character or disposition; inwardly, secretly; at bottom, at the very core.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > spirituality > [adverb]
inwardc950
in (in early use also on) one's heartOE
inwardlya1000
withinc1000
inlyOE
inwardsa1250
intellectuallya1398
at heartc1400
spiritally1502
internally1567
interiorly1609
soul-like1839
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > seat of the emotions > [phrase]
at heartc1400
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 467 (MED) Þaȝ Arþer..at hert hade wonder, He let no semblaunt be sene.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 1632 For he wole haue þe more here grief at herte By cause, lo, þat she a lady ys.
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xxxv. 427 They keepe a howling with most ostentation, who are lesse sorrowfull at heart.
a1678 T. Gale Christ's Tears for Jerusalems Unbelief & Ruine (1679) ii. viii. 208 He may sometimes conforme to the Laws of Christ in appearance; but doth he not stil hate them at heart?
1735 A. Pope Of Char. of Women 12 But every Woman is, at heart, a Rake.
1790 Amer. Museum Sept. 106/1 A few of his jewels, which Shaw Abbas, who was at heart his friend, had privately allowed him.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 222 It was certain that the King at heart preferred the Churchmen to the Puritans.
1897 Spectator 4 Dec. 829/1 There is small doubt that all classes of the natives [of India] are at heart profoundly Anti-Western.
1939 W. Saroyan Peace it's Wonderful 22 Jimmy Valentine, although once a safe-cracker, was at heart a man of great nobility.
1960 Times 4 Mar. 13/6 The Afrikaner, being at heart a generous and very much a domestic-minded person.
2000 Z. Smith White Teeth (2001) i. 20 Underneath the dakshiki he was at heart a good middle-class boy, instilled with respect for his elders.
(ii) So as to constitute an object in which one is deeply interested and towards which one is supportive or favourably disposed. Chiefly in to have at heart.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > [verb (transitive)] > be strongly attached to (a thing)
loveOE
to have at heart1680
1680 W. Temple Ess. Orig. & Nature of Govt. in Miscellanea 73 Religion, Liberty, Honour, Revenge, or Necessity; which make every Soldier have the quarrel as much at heart as their Leaders.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 20. ⁋1 The Correction of Impudence is what I have very much at Heart.
1795 J. J. C. Timaeus tr. F. Schiller Cabal & Love i. vi. 13 I have always your welfare at heart.
1850 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire I. v. 223 The Romans had no object more at heart than to obtain the possession of this key to Gaul.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 198 A matter which we have very much at heart.
1900 R. H. Barbour For Honor of School 70 We have your welfare at heart, my boy, and we going to see that you don't act silly and get put on probation.
1929 Hope (Arkansas) Star 7 Aug. 5/1 (advt.) Your best interests are at heart upon the occasion of this, the Gala Day of all the year for Hope.
1978 M. S. Peck Road Less Travelled ii. 99 All of us have desires to..be cared for by persons stronger than us who have our interests truly at heart.
2008 Guardian 3 May (Travel section) 3/4 Tour operators who include community-based tourism in their brochures should have the communities at heart.
†(b) at the heart of: so as to be the particular object of attention or concern of (someone). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1714 J. Walker Attempt Acct. Sufferings Clergy Church of Eng. i. 37/2 How little the Cause of Religion (under all the Pretences of it) may be at the Heart of Those, with whom they have intrusted the Conduct of the Affairs.
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. iii. 79 The interests of the establishment being very much at the heart of this honourable council.
1895 Expository Times Feb. 220/1 It is the same interest which is at the heart of the Father, who desires now to glorify the Son.
c. by heart: from memory; so as to be able to repeat or write out correctly and without assistance what has been learnt; by rote (often without proper understanding or reflection). Frequently with get, have, know, learn; in later use frequently in off by heart (see off adv. 3a). [Probably after Middle French par cuer (c1200 in Old French; French par cœur).]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > memorization > [adverb]
on breastOE
bout bookOE
by rotea1325
by hearta1387
without (one's) booka1413
par coeura1425
cordially1479
perqueerc1480
cordiala1500
by the book1556
memoriter1612
memorially1660
from memory1856
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 191 (MED) He was so myȝty of mynde þat he rehersed two þowsand names arewe by herte.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 1494 She told ek al þe prophesies by herte.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 6334 Now am I prince now am I page And kan by herte euery langage.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 129 Thei kunnen bi herte the textis of Holi Scripture.
1530 R. Whitford Werke for Housholders (new ed.) sig. F.ivv It is but shorte and therfore may it soone be had by herte.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie H 199 To learne by hart, or without booke..To say by harte.
1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον vii. 314 That nation..hath beene remarkable for their admirable retention, who..had all the passages of former ages by heart.
1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece v. 367 The Tragedians gat their Plays by heart.
1692 Bp. G. Burnet Disc. Pastoral Care ix. 115 A whole Discourse is got by heart.
1709 M. Prior Hans Carvel 13 Whole Tragedies she had by Heart.
1739 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 26 Oct. (1932) (modernized text) II. 391 Pray get these verses by heart against I see you.
1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I xi. 8 Her memory was a mine: she knew by heart All Calderon and greater part of Lopé.
1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 123 I had got almost all Watts' hymns by heart.
1835 Wilson's Tales of Borders 28 Feb. 130/1 He had screeds o' Virgil as ready off by heart as the twenty-third psalm.
1885 Law Times 79 339/2 Few lawyers know by heart the complicated statutes relating to Church matters.
1891 Longman's Mag. Oct. 647 What she said was never very profound, unless she had got it by heart.
1915 F. H. Burnett Lost Prince xix. 173 After a third day's concentration they knew by heart everything given them to learn.
1967 G. F. Fiennes I tried to run Railway i. 3 I had learned by heart the Block Regulations for double and single lines.
2003 N. Slater Toast 221 The ‘mother’ sauces.., the details of which we had to know by heart like the nine times table.
d. for one's heart (also for the heart of one): for one's life; to save one's life. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1574 Brieff Disc. Troubles Franckford p. cxcvii The wicked and common enemye cannot (for his harte) more tryumphe ouer the Godly then he dothe allready.
1636 W. Davenant Witts v. i. sig. I3v I cannot for my heart proceed to more Defeat upon thy liberty.
1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. Aa3v Lupes for the outside of his suite has paide; But for his heart, he cannot have it made.
a1750 T. Gordon Cordial Low-spirits (1751) II. 78 I cannot for my heart think, that a Piece of Lawn..can make men holier than their neighbours.
1786 H. Mackenzie Lounger No. 56. 197 A great many other things..which I can't do for the heart of me.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. ii. 33 I cannot, for my heart, conceive the pleasure of..drunken quarrels, and smut, and blasphemy, and so forth, when a man loses money instead of gaining by it.
1922 Life 6 July 29/1 Oh, I must be in Darley Dale before the sun dips low, But can't say, for the heart of me, the way which I should go!
e. from (also fro) one's heart: from the depths of one's soul or being; with the sincerest or deepest feeling. Also from the heart.from the bottom of one's heart: see bottom n. and adj. Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > intense emotion > [adverb]
deepa1000
inwardlya1000
inlyOE
mortallyc1390
deeplya1400
keena1400
keenlya1400
from the bottom of one's hearta1413
from (also fro) one's heart1477
profoundly1489
from the spleen?a1505
sensibly1577
with sense1578
smartlyc1580
soakingly1593
dearly1604
intimately1637
viscerally1637
exquisitely1678
sensitively1793
exaltedly1855
intensely1860
the mind > emotion > sincere emotion > [adverb]
in all one's hearteOE
of heartOE
with (also mid) all one's heartOE
with one's heartOE
heartlyc1225
innerlyc1330
dearlya1350
heartilya1375
with a whole hearta1375
faithfullyc1405
affectiouslya1420
affectuously?a1425
affectuallyc1425
mainlyc1450
from (also fro) one's heart1477
cordiallyc1515
precordially1534
earnestfulc1540
hearty1570
affectedly1582
roundly1603
devoutly1604
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 173 She began to wepe wyth thyse wordes & to sighe fro her herte.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vi. i. 106 The king..inkirly from his hart Maid this oryson.
a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1848) II. 405 Ar ye nocht sorie from your hairt?
1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 93 And wee know..that hee speakes from his heart.
1651 E. Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 249 I wish from my hart Mr. Attorney had come away.
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. iii. vi. sig. R8v In such kind of Sermons, there is little spoken, either from the Heart, or to the Heart.
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 149 I was..already so mov'd at the piteous sight, that I from my heart repented the undertaking.
1796 A. M. et al. Moral Ess. I. xi. 157 Did men speak really from the heart..such discourse could not fail in the most sensible manner to affect our minds.
1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes ii. 106 If a book come from the heart, it will contrive to reach other hearts.
1898 E. W. Hamilton Gladstone 10 There was no speaking ‘with his tongue in the cheek’. He spoke straight from the heart.
1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist iii. 111 A blessing..which I wish you from my heart, one and all.
1957 L. Hanson & E. Hanson Verlaine xii. 224 Some of his religious poetry is self-conscious argument which reads insincerely... But at times he wrote from the heart.
1985 D. Purves Reid Bul o Norroway (SCOTS) The prince lowtit doun at the feet o the yungest princess ti thenk hir frae his hert.
2006 Touch Dec. 49/2 She belts out songs from her heart and sings with passion and conviction.
f.
(a) in (in early use also †on) one's heart: in one's inmost thoughts or feelings; inwardly; secretly; at heart. Also (now rarely) in heart. See also in one's heart of hearts at Phrases 2g(b).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > spirituality > [adverb]
inwardc950
in (in early use also on) one's heartOE
inwardlya1000
withinc1000
inlyOE
inwardsa1250
intellectuallya1398
at heartc1400
spiritally1502
internally1567
interiorly1609
soul-like1839
OE Homiletic Fragment I 6 Eorl..spreceð fægere beforan, ond þæt facen swa þeah hafað in his heortan, hord unclæne.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 179 He [sc. Lucifer]..cwæð on his heortan [a1225 Vesp. A.xxii an his herto] þæt he wolde & eaðe mihte beon his scyppende gelic.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) ii. xx. 144 He þa sona wæs geacsod.., hwæt he unrihtes gedon hæfde oððe geþoht in his heortan.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 325 Ha..stille bute steauene on heh in hire heorte cleopede to criste.
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) lii. 1 (MED) Þe vnwys seid in his hert, God nis nouȝt.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 657 Manyon Which spekth of Peter and of John And thenketh Judas in his herte.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 2959 Abraham syhid in his hert ful sare.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 213 He was hilie temptid in herte for to loke the tenour of the letteris.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxxvi Whiche thyng in his harte, he moste coueted and desired.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 2 They..wish in their heart the Temple had neuer bene built.
1692 E. Settle Fairy-Queen iv. 34 You wou'd not..over-praise each part, When I am sure you hate me in your Heart.
1788 R. Dick Let. 8 Dec. in G. Washington Papers (1987) Presidential Ser. I. 169 There are many of us in Scotland, altho born & bred there are Amiricans in heart.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xvii. 409 But in his heart Telemachus that blow Resented.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 105 Julian had..pretended to abhor idolatry, while in heart an idolater.
1903 G. Gissing Private Papers Henry Ryecroft 107 I have grimaced a smile and pattered unmeaning words to many a person whom I despised or from whom in heart I shrank.
1949 D. Du Maurier Parasites (1950) vii. 55 We would make all sorts of promises..saying, ‘We'll be back again next year,’ knowing in our hearts that it would not be so.
1980 M. Thelwell Harder they Come vi. 158 He knew in his heart that something had happened, that his friend Jose hadn't robbed and left him.
2001 J. Boyle Galloway Street 101 I know in my heart that in a real fight he would beat the bejesus out of me.
(b) in all one's heart [after post-classical Latin in toto corde (Vulgate), itself after Hebrew bĕkol-leḇ] = with all one's heart at Phrases 1j(a). Chiefly in biblical contexts. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > sincere emotion > [adverb]
in all one's hearteOE
of heartOE
with (also mid) all one's heartOE
with one's heartOE
heartlyc1225
innerlyc1330
dearlya1350
heartilya1375
with a whole hearta1375
faithfullyc1405
affectiouslya1420
affectuously?a1425
affectuallyc1425
mainlyc1450
from (also fro) one's heart1477
cordiallyc1515
precordially1534
earnestfulc1540
hearty1570
affectedly1582
roundly1603
devoutly1604
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) ix. 1 (2) Confitebor tibi domine in toto corde meo : ic ondetto ðe dryhten in alre heortan minre.
OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 5 Conuertimini ad me in toto corde uestro : gicerreð gie to me in allre hearte iero.
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) cxviii. 145 Ich cried in alle myn hert [L. in toto corde]: ‘Lord, her me!’
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxiv. 7 Thei shul turne aȝeen to me in al ther herte [L. in toto corde suo].
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 8 Beleue in God—Fadir, and Son, and Holy Gost; loue God in al ȝoure hert, al ȝoure soule, and al ȝoure mynde.
1608 T. Bell Iesuits Antepast viii. 213 Iosue so loued God, of whom it is written, that hee returned in all his heart, in all his soule, and all his strength.
a1771 J. Bate New Transl. Pentateuch & Hist. Bks. Old Test. (1773) (Jehosua xxiii. 14) Ye know in all your heart, and in all your soul, that not one thing hath failed of all the good things which Jehovah your Aleim spake concerning you.
1857 S. M. Mousley Jrnl. 27 July in K. L. Holmes Covered Wagon Women 178 In all my heart [I] exclaimed Lord we will praise thee for thy goodness.
1907 H. E. Warner Cricket's Song 108 The other..cheered in all his heart With sense of right and with a sweet, new hope To earn his lady's favor with her cause.
(c) in heart.
(i) In good spirits; in a positive frame of mind. In later use chiefly in to put in heart: to restore to good spirits, to hearten. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > encourage or embolden [verb (transitive)]
hearteOE
bieldc897
hardenc1175
elnea1225
hardyc1225
boldc1275
hardishc1325
endurec1384
assurec1386
emboldc1400
recomfortc1405
enharda1450
support1479
enhardy1483
animatec1487
encourage1490
emboldishc1503
hearten1524
bolden1526
spright1531
raise1533
accourage1534
enheart1545
to hearten on1555
hearten?1556
alacriate1560
bespirit1574
bebrave1576
to put in heart1579
to hearten up1580
embolden1583
bravea1593
enhearten1610
inspiritc1610
rehearten1611
blood1622
mana1625
valiant1628
flush1633
firm1639
buoy1645
embrave1648
reinhearten1652
reanimate1655
reinspirit1660
to give mettle to1689
warm1697
to lift (up) a person's spirits1711
reman1715
to make a man of1722
respirit1725
elate1726
to cocker up1762
enharden1779
nerve1799
boost1815
brace1816
high-mettle1831
braven1865
brazen1884
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [adjective] > specifically of state of spirits or mind
goodOE
in heart1579
mooth1782
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 188 Perceyuing the Athenians were maruelously offended with him, he dyd what he could to comforte them, and put them in harte againe.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iii. §15. 518 His Armie must haue somewhat to keepe it in heart.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. vi. 78 Well Petruchio, this has put me in heart . View more context for this quotation
1706 Ld. Godolphin Let. 11 July in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) II. 613 Our men are in heart, and theirs are cowed.
a1726 M. Ashley-Cooper tr. Xenophon Cyropædia (1728) II. v. 29 A Multitude, when they are in heart, raise in themselves such a Courage, as nothing can withstand.
1832 H. Martineau Ella of Garveloch viii. 100 To put you in heart again.
1890 Homiletic Rev. Aug. 184/1 Let the churches already in existence..be put in heart to conduct a great aggressive work in their respective neighborhoods.
1932 P. Colum Half-day's Ride 109 The sight of empty benches is disheartening to performers, and..those who have to engage in dangerous feats have to be put in heart.
1955 F. Illingworth Highway to North viii. 182 Medical aid and additional supplies would put them in heart to hold out until they could be rescued.
(ii) Chiefly Agriculture. Esp. of soil: in good or sound condition. Cf. sense A. 18. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [adjective] > good
in heart1626
round1827
supernacular1828
reserve1880
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > soil qualities > [adjective] > fertile or rich
goodOE
fruitfula1300
gladc1420
unlean?1440
richa1522
batwell1534
battle?1542
luxuriant?c1550
yielding1556
gleby1566
yieldable1577
hearty1580
yieldy1598
liking1600
well-natured1600
lusty1601
growthsome1610
thankful1610
pregnant1615
in heart1626
grateful1832
fatty1855
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §305 The Lees..keepe the Drinke in Heart, and make it lasting.
a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) xi. 93 A thing ordinarily used in sundry parts of Ireland, and many times necessary for to keep the lands in heart.
1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 170 The Lee, though it makes the liquor turbid, doth yet keep the wine in heart.
1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 263 The soil being kept in heart, or rich..by superior agriculture.
1851 H. Stephens & J. P. Norton Farmer's Guide Sci. & Pract. Agric. II. 507/1 He will soon find that he cannot sustain the land in heart with that proportion of corn, without purchasing extraneous manure.
1930 Advocate (Burnie, Tasmania) 25 Jan. 5/3 It will be desirable to keep the land in heart after flax growing.
g. next one's (formerly †the) heart: on an empty stomach, while fasting; †immediately or very soon after waking in the morning, before breakfast (obsolete). See sense A. 4. Now rare (English regional in later use).
ΚΠ
c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 45 Drynke it bathe at morne nexte thy herte & laste at euen, when þu gose to bedde.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 323v In his tyme was brought vp a newe founde diete to drynke wine in ye mornyng nexte the herte.
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cc. 165 I haue knowen some maidens to drinke Vineger next their heart to abate their colour.
1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs vi. 637 The Romans held it ominous to see a Blackamoore next their hearts in a morning.
1750 T. Gordon Cordial Low-spirits Pref. 113 The Church-men have..found it for their Interest, Time out of Mind, that most of their Foes should drink a Bumper to Beelzebub next their Heart every Morning.
1827 C. J. Johnstone Elizabeth de Bruce II. xiii. 238 John Tamtallan's wife had the impudence to send me word, next my heart this morning that she had got another lass-bairn.
1892 E. Anglian Daily Times in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 260/1 [Suffolk] Shall I take the medicine next my heart?
†h. of heart (also of all one's heart) [compare post-classical Latin ex corde (compare quot. OE2), ex toto corde (Vulgate; compare quot. OE1)] : with all one's heart, from the heart; sincerely, earnestly. Cf. in all one's heart at Phrases 1f(b). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > sincere emotion > [adverb]
in all one's hearteOE
of heartOE
with (also mid) all one's heartOE
with one's heartOE
heartlyc1225
innerlyc1330
dearlya1350
heartilya1375
with a whole hearta1375
faithfullyc1405
affectiouslya1420
affectuously?a1425
affectuallyc1425
mainlyc1450
from (also fro) one's heart1477
cordiallyc1515
precordially1534
earnestfulc1540
hearty1570
affectedly1582
roundly1603
devoutly1604
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xxii. 37 Diliges dominum deum tuum ex toto corde tuo et ex tota anima tua et in tota mente tua : lufa drihten god ðinne of alle hearte ðine & of alle sauele ðine & in alle ðoht ðinne.
OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) xxxiii. 251 Multi quidem fidem Christi ex corde non amant : manega witodlice geleafan cristes of heortan na lufiað.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 3441 We shal seyn of hert, & feyne nouȝt.
a1450 (?c1430) J. Lydgate Daunce Machabree (Huntington) (1931) 512 But many a man ȝif I shal not tarie Ofte daunceth but no thynge of herte.
c1475 (?c1400) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 431 To holde religioun of Crist, and love hym of hert..siþ..Cristis religioun stondiþ in love of God of al our herte.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 47 I cnowlech of mowþ and hert, me to hold þe same feiþ of þe sacrament of þe Lordis bord.
i. out of heart.
(a) In low spirits; discouraged, disheartened, despondent. Also to put (grow, etc.) out of heart. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective]
ungladc888
wearyc888
drearyc1000
dreary-moodOE
heavyc1000
unmerryOE
droopy?c1225
mournc1275
sada1300
languishinga1325
amayedc1330
matec1330
unlightc1330
unblissful1340
lowa1382
mishappyc1390
dullc1393
elengely1393
droopinga1400
heavy-hearteda1400
joylessa1400
sytefula1400
mornifc1400
tristy?c1400
lightless?1406
heartlessa1413
tristc1420
amatec1425
languoring?c1425
mirthlessc1430
heavisome1435
darkc1440
gloomingc1440
comfortlessc1460
amateda1470
chermatc1475
tristfula1492
lustless?1507
dolorous1513
ruthful1513
downcast1521
deject1528
heartsicka1529
lumpisha1535
coolc1540
dowlyc1540
glum1547
discouraged1548
uncheerfulc1555
dumpish1560
out of heart1565
sadded1566
amoped1573
tristive1578
desolated1580
dejected1581
à la mort1586
delightless1589
afflicted1590
gladless1590
groanful1590
gloomya1593
muddy1592
sitheful1592
cloudy1594
leaden-hearted1596
disconsolated1598
clum1599
life-weary1599
spiritless1600
dusky1602
chop-fallen1604
flat1604
disanimated1605
jaw-fallen1605
moped1606
chap-fallen1608
decheerful1608
uncheerful1612
lacklustrea1616
pulled1616
dumpya1618
depressed1621
head-hung1632
grum1640
downa1644
dispirited1647
down-at-mouth1649
down in (rarely of) the mouth1649
unhearted1650
sunlessa1658
sadful1658
unlightened1659
chagrin1665
saddened1665
damp1667
moping1674
desponding1688
tristitious1694
unenjoying1697
unraised1697
unheartya1699
unked1698
despondent1699
dismal1705
unjoyful1709
unrejoiced1714
dreara1717
disheartened1720
mumpish1721
unrejoicing1726
downhearted1742
out of spirits1745
chagrineda1754
low-spirited1753
sombrea1767
black-blooded1771
glumpy1780
oorie1787
sombrous1789
morose1791
Novemberish1793
glumpish1800
mopeful1800
die-away1802
blue-devilish1804
blue-devilled1807
malagrugrous1818
down in the hip1826
yonderly1828
sunshineless1831
downfaced1832
broody1851
in a (or the) trough1856
blue-devilly1871
drooped1873
glummy1884
pippy1886
humpy1889
pipped1914
lousy1933
pissed1943
crappy1956
doomy1961
bummed1970
1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia ii. f. 54 [The first Legion] beyng put to flight and their stuffe taken from theym, it wolde come to passe that the reste shuld be out of hart to stand against them.
1570 T. Wilson in tr. Demosthenes 3 Orations i. Argument 32 After that the people of Athens had the worse in battaile, against king Philip, they assembled themselues in counsell as men altogither amazed and out of heart.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Hallebrené Sad, crest-fallen, heauie-looking, drooping; off the hindges, cleane out of heart.
1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 234 After he had lost his boy, he grew quite out of heart.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Discomfort To afflict, cast down, or put out of Heart.
1785 R. Cumberland Nat. Son i. 5 Let not distance of condition, nor the inscrutable mysteriousness of your birth, put you out of heart.
1825 M. S. Novello Day in Stowe Gardens 57 She expected to have found goodness among mankind, and was out of heart when disappointed.
1886 Ld. Tennyson Promise of May iii, in Locksley Hall 181 What is it Has put you out of heart?
1913 W. N. Harben Desired Woman ix. 93 He was out of heart and ready to give up.
1949 I. Compton-Burnett Two Worlds & their Ways vii. 295 It will be good for Maria to have your company, as she has been out of heart.
1995 N. F. Gabin in K. P. O'Brien & L. H. Parsons Home-Front War vii. 115 Women who had worked in the plant before the war claimed that they were ‘out of heart’.
(b) Of land, soil, etc.: in poor condition, unproductive. Also in extended use of animals, etc. See sense A. 18. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1577Out of harte [see sense A. 18a].
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 21 Land out of hart, makes thistles a number, foorthwith to vpstart.
1670 T. Culpeper Necessity abating Usury 32 His farme is understocked, ill fenced, and out of heart.
1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 240 Their Horses large, but extreamly out of Case and Heart.
1890 in W. B. Leffingwell Shooting on Upland 459 They [sc. greyhounds] became ‘logy’ and out of heart.
1895 Parl. Deb. 76 2223/1 It would not pay the English farmer or the English land-owner to allow the land to get out of heart.
1949 Sydney Morning Herald 12 Mar. 8/3 He turned land, out of heart for 200 years, into one of the richest properties in the south of England.
j.
(a) with (also †mid) all one's heart (also with (also †mid) one's whole heart, †with one's heart): with the greatest sincerity, earnestness, or devotion; with great willingness or pleasure; wholeheartedly. Similarly with a whole heart, with the whole heart.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > sincere emotion > [adverb]
in all one's hearteOE
of heartOE
with (also mid) all one's heartOE
with one's heartOE
heartlyc1225
innerlyc1330
dearlya1350
heartilya1375
with a whole hearta1375
faithfullyc1405
affectiouslya1420
affectuously?a1425
affectuallyc1425
mainlyc1450
from (also fro) one's heart1477
cordiallyc1515
precordially1534
earnestfulc1540
hearty1570
affectedly1582
roundly1603
devoutly1604
the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb] > very willingly
with (also mid) all one's heartOE
with a heart and a half1636
for twopence1934
the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb] > heartily or zealously
with (also mid) all one's heartOE
greedilyc1200
affectuously?a1425
jealouslya1425
affectuallyc1425
wilfullyc1430
heartilya1450
zealously?1495
desirously1502
affectedly1582
affectionally1603
affectionatelya1716
boots and all1947
Messianically1976
OE Paternal Precepts 9 Fæder ond modor freo þu mid heortan, maga gehwylcne.
OE Blickling Homilies 13 Ne herede heo hine no mid wordum anum, ac mid ealre heortan.
OE Homily (Junius 85/86) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) Be þissum mænniscean cynne lufiaþ ge eowerne drihten god mid ealre eowre hearten and mid ealre eowre saule and mid ealle mægne.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4755 Þannke itt godd wiþþ herrte.
a1200 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Trin. Cambr.) 309 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 229 Luue we god mid ure herte.
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 121 Ðu hiȝtes..To helden wit herte ðe bodes of holi krke [read kirke].
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 162 (MED) Wiȝth on hol hert to þe heiȝ king of heuene preieth a pater noster.
c1435 in J. B. Sheppard Christ Church Lett. (1877) 13 I wolle do hit with all myn harte.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 20 He luffyt him with hart and all hys mycht.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xxiv. 7 They shal returne vnto me with their whole herte.
1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. F6 My Lord I pitie it, and with my heart Wish your release.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 283 God buy you with all my heart . View more context for this quotation
a1628 J. Preston Mount Ebal (1638) 6 When one lusts..after a thing with the whole heart.
1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew iii. sig. H4v Ra. Now, will you, Sir, be pleas'd? Ol. With all my heart, Sweetheart.
1678 J. Leanerd Rambling Justice iii. 31 I dare say [he] loves you with his heart, truely he does.
1723 London Jrnl. 19 Jan. 2/2 I could join with my whole heart, in this Allegation.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xiii. 107 I wish, with all my Heart, they could kill every Mother's Son of them. View more context for this quotation
1820 J. Hogg Winter Evening Tales II. xvi. 88 She..would soon have been won to have loved me with all her heart.
1827 T. Carlyle L. Tieck in German Romance II. 6 He had laughed with his whole heart, in a true Aristophanic vein.
1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters I. vii. 103 That I will promise you with all my heart.
1905 E. A. U. Valentine Hecla Sandwith xiv. 170 I think she ought only to marry a man that she loves passionately—with her whole heart.
1945 Times 29 Oct. 5/2 There is nothing in this creed to which British Policy cannot subscribe with a whole heart.
1986 L. Garfield December Rose xxiii. 150 He..wished with all his heart that she'd leave him alone to think things out in his own way.
2002 Chicago Tribune 8 Apr. ii. 2/1 I love ‘Darren’ with all my heart, and most of the time, he treats me like a princess.
(b) with half a heart: with divided affection or enthusiasm; without full commitment; half-heartedly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adverb] > lukewarmly or unenthusiastically
lukely1340
faintlyc1440
slightly1599
with half a heart1600
heartlessly1606
lukewarmly1611
disaffectedly1646
half-heartedly1870
unzealously1871
tepidly1873
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > [adverb] > half-heartedly
faintingly1576
faint-heartedly1580
with half a heart1600
half-heartedly1870
1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor Epil. sig. Riiiv Pale Inuasion come with halfe a heart When he but lookes vpon her [sc. Britain's] blessed Soile. View more context for this quotation
1703 Apol. for Rom. Catholics 21 I would sooner say my Prayers at Tyburn, than accept of an Office which I should only serve with half a heart.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 587 Some naval officers..though they served the new government, served it sullenly and with half a heart.
1948 G. Greene Heart of Matter iii. i. 187 He laughed with half a heart and said, ‘For once I wasn't thinking of you.’
1993 New York 31 May 99/6 Townsend plays a mild young black actor who is auditioning, with half a heart, to play a pimp. He withdraws into reveries.
(c) with a heart and a half: with great pleasure, with a will, very willingly. Chiefly Irish English in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb] > very willingly
with (also mid) all one's heartOE
with a heart and a half1636
for twopence1934
1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence iv. ii. sig. H3 Such Junkets come not every day. Once more to you, With a heart and a halfe ifaith.
1672 Topsie-turvy, Hey-down-derry 4 Here's to thee Andrew, with a Heart and a half, as they use to say.
1807 R. M. Roche Discarded Son I. iii. 53 ‘Dang it, that I will, with a heart and a half,’ answered honest Stubbs.
1832 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 23 May The honest Protestant parishioners would pay them, you see, ‘with a heart and a half’.
1883 Border Watch (Mt. Gambier, Austral.) 13 Jan. Whatever Miss Montgomerie did she did with a heart and a half—always ready and always cheerful.
1907 J. Barlow Irish Neighbours 31 The task..was one that interested her deeply, and she set about it with a heart and a half, as she would have said herself.
1934 Townsville (Queensland) Daily Bull. 16 Nov. 4/5 He would welcome naturalists in the island, or anyone interested in birds with a heart and a half.
1992 J. B. Keane Bodhrán Makers 270 Since you have asked for my advice..you shall have it with a heart and a half.
2010 Kerryman (Nexis) 15 Dec. All the kids of the area loved to call in to see her as all were welcomed with a heart and a half.
P2. Phrases in which heart is collocated with another noun.
a.
heart of darkness n. the inner core of spiritual or moral darkness; the depths of human wickedness or immorality; (also) a place regarded as embodying or representing this.In later use frequently with allusion to Joseph Conrad's novella of the same name (see quot. 1902).
ΚΠ
1883 Pulpit Treasury May 14 His very Advent would be made..an occasion to [reject]..all goodness, right, beauty, and truth... It was a plunge out of supernal light into the heart of darkness.
1902 J. Conrad Heart of Darkness iii, in Youth 165 The brown current ran swiftly out of the heart of darkness, bearing us down toward the sea.
1929 W. M. Urban Intelligible World 288 The root of this entire complex of errors..strikes deep down into the very heart of thinking, of both logic and reality—into the ‘heart of darkness’ of an atavistic animism.
1981 Billboard 14 Nov. 29 (advt.) Apocalypse Now..revealed through the peculiar madness of the Vietnam war a stunning vision of man's heart of darkness.
1991 T. Pakenham Scramble for Afr. 1 In that Arcadia he had found the heart of darkness, a new outburst of the slave trade.
2008 Australian (Nexis) 2 Apr. 24 You don't have to travel up the Congo in a boat..to..encounter the heart of darkness. You can find it in any number of places in the city and the suburbs.
b.
heart and dart n. (also more fully heart and dart moth) a common European noctuid moth, Agrotis exclamationis, with distinctively shaped dark markings on the forewings, the larvae of which (cutworms) are sometimes a pest of cultivated plants.
ΚΠ
1809 A. H. Haworth Lepidoptera Britannica ii. 219 N[octua]. (The Heart and Dart) alis anticis fuscis vel rufescentibus.
1843 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 4 133 The heart and dart moth is found plentifully in June, in fields, gardens, &c.
1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) IV. 2056/2 Surface Caterpillars or Cutworms... The adult Turnip and Heart and Dart Moths somewhat resemble each other.
2011 Carmarthen Jrnl. (Nexis) 13 July 34 There are, she says, a lot of emperor moths about this year..and the only one down in quantity is the delightfully named Heart and Dart.
c.
(a) a person's heart's desire: that which a person greatly desires, or which is of supreme importance in a person's affections.
ΚΠ
1462 J. Russe in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 287 Jesu send yow youre hertys desyre and amende hem that wold the co[n]trary.
1534 G. Joye tr. U. Zwingli Dauids Psalter xxxvii. sig. Givv Thou shalt delyte in the Lorde which shal geue the thy hertis desyer.
1603 W. Leighton Vertue Triumphant sig. A3 God quencht the rage, and sent our hearts desire.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 159. ⁋5 Farewel my Terentia, my Heart's Desire, farewel.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Bk. Snobs xxx. 115 Every person present..was related to the Peerage or the Baronetage. Mrs. P. had her heart's desire.
1899 K. H. Huntly Our Code of Honour xxii It was my heart's desire in boyhood to enter the senior service.
1913 J. W. Townsend Kentucky in Amer. Lett. I. 79 This position [sc. that of chief justice] was George Robertson's heart's desire.
1968 J. D. Carr Papa Là-bas i. iii. 29 The Voodoo charm that will bring them their heart's desire.
2012 Evening Post (Nexis) 23 Feb. 6 They set off..to find the mysterious Wizard of Oz, each hoping he will be able to grant them their heart's desire.
(b) to a person's heart's desire: to the point at which a person is deeply happy or satisfied; to the full extent of a person's desires; as much as a person wants. Cf. to one's heart's content at content n.2 1b.rare before 19th cent.
ΚΠ
1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xlvii. 642 If their mouthes be not filled with laughter and pleasure to their harts desire, or their bellies with garlicke and onions.
1709 J. Walkinshaw Let. to Sir R. Sibbald 64 To please the Libeller to his Heart's desire, let us suppose the faults of these Numbers to have proceeded from slips of the Doctor's own in the Computation of them.
1831 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 302/1 Burns, for a poor man, became rich—rich to his heart's desire.
1840 Hampshire Advertiser 27 June If the Society did not flourish to their heart's desire, it was not for the want of assiduous attention on their parts.
1910 G. L. Carson Stud. in Horse Breeding xiv. 196 The foals should have a large place in which to run and play, and let them run to their heart's desire.
1987 Orange Coast Mag. Oct. 110 (advt.) Wine and dine and be entertained to your heart's desire.
2007 Independent (Nexis) 14 Dec. 18 Over lunch, you will be pictured with the star and can quiz them to your heart's desire.
d.
heart of the earth n. originally Scottish the plant self-heal, Prunella vulgaris (cf. heartwort n. 1).
ΚΠ
1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 164 Prunella vulgaris... In the Merse called Heart-o-the-Yearth and Prince's-Feathers.
1880 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 249 Heart of the Earth. Prunella vulgaris, L.—E. Bord. Bot. E. Bord.; Roxburghsh[ire]. Because it chiefly occurs on thin poor soils, where the farmers give it the credit of eating away all the substance of the soil.
1913 M. Eastman Enjoyment Poetry ii. 32 Names bestowed in living syllables by the hearts of rural people... Trailing Arbutus, Bouncing Bet,..Heart-o'-the-earth.
2006 Nelson (Brit. Columbia) Daily News (Nexis) 11 Oct. 2 Pretty blue flowers..crown a flat, creeping plant with the square stems common to the mint family. Known by various folk names, Heart of the Earth, Self-Heal, All-Heal, [etc.].
e.
hearts and flowers n. and adj. originally U.S. (a) adj.(esp. overly or cloyingly) sentimental or romantic; (b) n. sentimental endearments; romantically pleasing circumstances, etc.; esp. (undue or excessive) sentimentality.Originally esp. with allusion to the piece of music by Moses-Tobani (see quot. 1893), which became popularly associated with romantic situations, e.g. through its use at weddings and as a stock accompaniment to theatrical and cinematic love scenes.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > sentimentality > [noun]
sentiment1747
sentimentality1770
mawkishness1796
sensiblerie1815
sentimentalism1818
sloppiness1828
morbidezza1833
milk-and-wateriness1834
maudlin1838
soothing syrup1839
emotionalism1846
stickiness1864
slop1866
mushiness1868
saccharinity1868
sympatheticism1884
hearts and flowers1911
lovey-doveyness1923
schmaltz1934
goop1950
goo1951
schmaltziness1953
gloop1957
cheesiness1963
soupiness1963
soft-centredness1967
soppiness1974
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > sentimentality > [adjective]
sugary1591
maudlina1631
mawkish1702
sickly1766
emetic1770
mawky1773
pamby1820
sentimental1823
saccharine1841
sticky1841
mushy1848
sentimentalizing1856
Christmas card1860
maumish1866
slobbery1875
namby-pamby1883
sloppy1883
slushy1889
sentimentalistic1904
marshmallowy1907
hearts and flowers1911
slobby1913
soppy1918
meltyc1921
lavender1928
saccharescent1930
schmaltzya1934
sloshy1933
gooey1935
icky1938
cheesy1943
drippy1952
soupy1953
squishy1953
saccharined1962
gloopy1965
yechy1969
yucky1970
sucky1971
yuck1971
schmoozy1976
1893 T. Moses-Tobani (title of piece of music) Hearts and flowers (Coeurs et fleurs) a new flower song.]
1911 N.Y. Times 15 Oct. vi. 5/6 The setting was just right for some soft pedal, ‘Hearts and Flowers’ conversation.
1915 Munsey's Mag. Sept. 716/2 Now, I'll go talk hearts and flowers to her, and when she snores I'll give you the tip.
1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §265.1 Sentimentality, hearts and flowers.
1964 Times 16 Apr. 6/7 We are nearly betrayed into a hearts-and-flowers ending in domestic compromise.
1980 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 11 Dec. 14 The frills and furbelows..are as hearts-and-flowers, in their elegant way, as a sugary Harlequin novel.
2006 Yours 16 Sept. 39/2 It's not all hearts and flowers, but on the whole our relationship is strengthening.
f. with (also †mid) heart and hand (also hands): as regards both will and execution; readily, willingly, wholeheartedly; (in later use also sometimes) strenuously, vigorously. Also heart and hand, †in heart and hand.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb]
to goodeOE
thankc888
yernec888
lieflyc900
lovelyeOE
lustly971
willinglyOE
wilfullyc1000
with (also mid) heart and hand (also hands)OE
fainc1175
lustilya1225
lief1297
yfaȝea1300
blethelyc1300
goodlya1375
blelyc1380
willingc1384
bainc1400
acceptably1479
bainlya1500
cheerfully1523
towardly1523
desirously1531
pronely?1532
fainly1535
wilningly1597
bongre1598
libentiously1606
volently1614
propensely1648
easily1649
with (a) good grace1650
unreluctantly1655
with the best will (in the world)1814
unhesitatingly1829
unqualifyingly1841
unloathly1844
happily1889
OE tr. Theodulf of Orleans Capitula (Bodl.) xxix. 351 Gewæpnedum andwlitan mid rodetacne, upahafenum eagum mid heortan & handum [L. eleuatis oculis cum corde et manibus], Gode þancas do.
a1425 (c1333–52) L. Minot Poems (1914) 2 (MED) With hert and hand, es noght at hide, For to help Scotland gan þai hye.
c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 3380 Vnto god þei cryed full fast and prayd his help with hert and hand.
a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) 2942 The iij tyme he was ful thro To do batayle with herte and hande.
1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes (new ed.) f. 93 And al the planets as they stand, I thanke them to with hart and hand.
1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. vi. 45 The Pistoll bent, both heart and hand, ready to doe the deed.
a1667 G. Wither Paraphr. Ten Commandm. (1697) viii. 70 So wary keep me of departing from This Law, that I may still in heart and hand Continue faithful unto this Command.
a1745 W. Meston Poet. Wks. (1767) 109 Old father Hocus ready stands, And esquire South, with heart and hands, To help you, Sir, to beat and bang them.
1781 D. Merit in J. P. Baxter Documentary Hist. Maine (1914) XIX. 191 We will Joine with you, heart & hand.
1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I. 440/2 To be heart and hand, to be fully bent.
1884 Times (Weekly ed.) 19 Sept. 5/3 The woman said she would have admitted me ‘heart and hand’, only that her orders were peremptory.
1903 Caledonian Dec. 373/1 With heart and hands she continually helps to lighten the burdens of others.
1921 Amer. Mag. Oct. 132/3 (advt.) For the past two years the most popular novelist in the world has been at work with heart and hand to give his great public his finest novel.
1943 Life 23 Aug. 16 (advt.) We know you've done a magnificent job with both heart and hand.
2007 P. Davis Poems that propel Planet 55 Possess a passion, search to understand, Go after vigorously with heart and hand.
g.
(a) a heart and a heart [ultimately after Hebrew lēḇ wa-lēḇ] : a propensity for duplicity or insincerity. †in heart and heart [after post-classical Latin in corde et corde (Vulgate), itself after Hebrew bĕ-lēḇ wa-lēḇ (e.g. in the passage translated in quots. eOE, a1382)] : duplicitously, insincerely (obsolete). Cf. double heart n. at double adj.1 and adv. Compounds 1. Now rare.Chiefly in or after biblical use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > [adverb] > with duplicity
in heart and hearteOE
doublyc1430
double1599
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > [noun] > double-dealing, duplicity
doublenessc1374
frouncec1374
duplicityc1430
double-heartedness1571
a heart and a heart1583
two hearts1594
ambidextry1611
ambidexterity1755
double-facedness1867
two-facedness1882
double-handedness1883
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xi. 2 (3) Labia dolosa in corde et corde locuti sunt mala : welure faecne in heortan & heortan spreocende sindun ða yflan.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms xi. 3 Ther treccherous lippis in herte and herte speeken.
1583 S. Harsnett Serm. Ezek. (1658) 137 God doth abhor a Heart and a Heart, and his soule detesteth a double minded Man.
1614 N. Byfield Signes vii. 80 Whether thou dost serue God with thy whole heart: not hauing a heart and a heart, either waiuering or deuided?
1633 Earl of Manchester Al Mondo: Contemplatio Mortis (rev. ed.) 82 A heart and a heart God cannot abide.
1703 J. Clark Spiritual-merchant iv. 154 There are many double minded men, who have a heart and a heart.
a1762 W. McEwen Sel. Set Ess. (1767) I. 51 Though he has the remainders of sin in him, hypocrisy not excepted, he has not a heart and a heart.
1787 A. Serle Christian Remembrancer ii. xxiv. 117 If it were possible, an heart and an heart, or a heart divided, would be an hateful offering to the Most High.
1912 Year Bk. Central Conf. Amer. Rabbis 22 294 The Hebrew writers in speaking of the hypocrite..spoke of him as a man with a ‘heart and a heart’.
(b) heart of hearts (originally †heart of heart, heart's heart): the centre or depth of one's heart; one's inmost heart or feelings. Esp. in one's heart of hearts.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > seat of the emotions > [noun] > breast or heart > inmost heart or bottom of heart
groundc1175
heart-roota1200
roota1200
heartstring1533
heart of hearts1604
heart's core1604
recess1605
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 71 I will weare him In my harts core, I in my hart of hart [1676 ed. Davenant heart of hearts] . View more context for this quotation
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 98 O Israel..in thy harts-hart (not in Marble) beare His ever-lasting Lawe.
a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 161 Him deep engrave In your hearts Heart, from whom all good ye have.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. xcix. 74 Give me a scoundrel (so he be a sensible one) and I will put him in my heart of hearts!
1807 W. Wordsworth Ode in Poems II. 158 Yet in my heart of hearts I feel your might. View more context for this quotation
1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. lxxiii. 293 That she should be admitted to his heart of hearts.
1910 W. Martyn Man Outside x. 183 Surely you must feel it in your heart's heart!
1937 J. P. Marquand Late George Apley (1940) xxix. 333 We all know in our heart of hearts that we are a good deal more comfortably off than we would be anywhere else.
1958 G. Greene Our Man in Havana (1962) 21 Oh, I knew you'd take it like this... I knew it in my heart of hearts.
2004 D. Peace GB 84 291/2 Thing is, no one honestly believed they'd come out for us—Not in their heart of hearts.
h. hearts and minds: used attributively with reference to the seeking or courting of combined emotional and intellectual support in a particular location, constituency, etc. (originally spec. as a military tactic).
ΚΠ
1964 Corpus Christi (Texas) Caller-Times 23 Feb. 3 b/5 The British are waging a ‘hearts and minds’ campaign of friendship among border tribesmen.
1984 S. Talbott in J. S. Nye Making of America's Soviet Policy viii. 187 [He] wrote a report saying, in effect, that the way to get at the Soviet system was through a hearts-and-minds campaign.
1998 M. Crookston in E. Laws et al. Embracing & Managing Change in Tourism viii. 268 It..helps in the revaluing, by Jordanians, of the old and the traditional: a hearts-and-minds job, without which [etc.].
2009 I. Smillie in R. Bothwell & J. Daudelin Canada among Nations 2008 viii. 205 It [sc. the aid program] was..forced to act as..a hearts and minds operation for Canada's changeable political and security agendas.
i. Originally and chiefly Scottish. heart and part [folk-etymological alteration of art and part (see art n.1 Phrases 1)] : complicit, involved; intimately linked or united with. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1832 S. T. Bloomfield Greek Test. I. 570/2 At least they were, as the Scotch say, ‘heart and part’ with them.
1842 W. Smyth Lect. Hist. 2nd Ser. III. xxxvii. 75 The Girondists.., though they were heart and part in the insurrection of the 10th of August, shrunk from the massacres of September.
1861 Mrs. H. Wood East Lynne III. xx. 262 Feeling her sympathy, doubtless; but nothing more: she was not heart and part with him and his departing boy.
1888 M. Connor Husband & Wife I. i. 18 Edward Galbraith took his place at the tea-table, as one who would ere long be united to the family, and become heart and part with them.
1902 S. R. Crockett Dark o' the Moon xxvii. 211 You are an old rebel, and I doubt not were heart and part in the muster at Rascarrel?
j.
Hearts of Steel n. Irish History (the members of) a radical agrarian organization formed by Protestant tenants in Ulster from 1770 until 1772, which protested, often violently, against levels of rent, evictions, and related concerns; cf. Steel boy n., heart of oak n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > Irish politics > [noun] > societies or associations
levellers1762
Hearts of Steel1771
Peep o' Day Boys1780
Rightboys1786
Brunswick Club1828
Orange Order1828
Young Ireland1843
Land league1881
U.I.L.1901
Noraid1974
U.U.U.C.1974
INLA1979
1771 Gen. Evening Post 1 Jan. A great number of persons armed, who call themselves Hearts of Steel, entered this town [sc. Belfast], and demanded the release of David Davis.
1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) I. 217 The hearts of steel lasted 3 years; began in 1770 against rents and tythes.
1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon Concl. 468 The insurgent banditti of Tories, Hearts of Steel, Peep-o'day Boys, White Boys, &c.
1882 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. IV. 393 In the North the disturbances of the Hearts of Steel had just broken out.
1917 Contemp. Rev. 111 593 Can they deny that their Hearts of Steel and Protestant Oak Boys were guilty of like excess against bad landlords?
1989 D. H. Fischer Albion's Seed 631 Tenants banded together in violent vigilante groups called Hearts of Steel and Hearts of Oak against rack-renting landlords.
k. heart of gold: see gold n.1 and adj. Phrases 2.
P3. Phrases in which heart is combined with a verb.
a.
(a) to break a person's heart (also to break the heart of a person): to overwhelm or crush a person with sorrow or disappointment (sometimes spec. with reference to the betrayal of a person's expectations in a romantic relationship); (also in trivial use) to be the cause of disappointment, regret, etc., to a person. Also figurative. Cf. break v. 7c.
ΚΠ
1530 G. Joye tr. M. Bucer Psalter of Dauid lxix. f. 108 Opprobry hathe broken my harte; I am scurged.
1570 T. Wilson tr. Demosthenes 3 Orations i. 7 And therefore this thing first of all doth vexe him, and breake his heart not a little: bycause things haue fallen out quite contrarie to his expectation.
1588 A. Fraunce Arcadian Rhetorike i. sig. B2v The extreame bents of my affection, which wil either break out in words, or breake my heart.
1664 J. Wilson Cheats v. v. 79 O my Child, my Child—Thy father is prettie hoddie again, but this will break his heart quite.
a1704 T. Brown Two Oxf. Scholars in Wks. (1730) I. 3 You break my Heart..by your Impersuadableness.
1713 J. Addison Cato iii. iii. 31 Thy disdain Has broke my heart.
1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal iii. 33 She may break my heart—but damnit—I'm determined she shan't keep her temper.
1845 Hood's Mag. Oct. 375 This..struck such a salutary terror into the hearts of the disaffected as broke the heart of the rebellion.
1859 S. M. Davis Life & Times Sir P. Sidney 148 He further distinguished himself by ruining his fortune, defacing his beautiful castles, and pre-determinately breaking the heart of his wife.
1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders 151 It breaks my heart to hear you upholding such ongoings.
1925 J. Drinkwater Robert Burns ii. 26 For your peddling bit of dignity and self-esteem you'll break your girl's heart and ruin me.
1958 B. Wilder & I. A. L. Diamond Some like it Hot (film script) (O.E.D. Archive) 135 It's going to break Sugar's heart when she finds out I'm not a millionaire.
1990 Sun 20 Oct. 15/6 Hunky actor Peter Howitt is set to break the hearts of millions of female fans..by marrying his lover and mother of his child.
2008 ‘R. Keeland’ tr. S. Larsson Girl with Dragon Tattoo i. 15 He pondered the wisdom of selling his apartment, though it would break his heart.
†(b) to break the heart of: to accomplish the main or hardest part of (a task or objective); to bring near to completion. Cf. to break the back of at back n.1 24a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > advance (a proceeding) from previous stage [verb (transitive)] > finish the main part of
to break the neck ofa1592
to break the heart of1679
to break the back of1883
1679 M. D'Assigny tr. Sieur de Sainctyon Hist. Tamerlan the Great vi. 171 His diligence in assisting his men caus'd him to win this notable Victory, which broke the heart of the War.
1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 165 Come then let us break the Heart of these Hills, and bless our Eyes with a Landskip of the Lowlands.
1713 Boston News-let. 4 May 2/1 We have taken 160 Prisoners and the Fort, so that we hope the heart of the Tuskararo war is broken.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) (at cited word) ‘To break the heart of a business’, to have almost finished it.
1846 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I. 440/2 To break the heart of anything, to have almost completed it. [Also in later dictionaries.]]
b.
(a) to eat one's heart out (formerly also †to eat one's heart): to suffer pangs of vexation, longing, envy, regret, etc.; (now less commonly) to pine away. Similarly to eat out one's heart, †to eat up one's heart. See also eat v. 8c, to eat out 3 at eat v. Phrasal verbs. [Apparently originally after Hellenistic Greek μὴ ἐσθίειν καρδίαν (Plutarch, Moralia 12E); compare quot. ?1532.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (intransitive)] > suffer bitter regret
to eat one's heart?1532
?1532 T. Elyot tr. Plutarch Educ. Children (new ed.) xii. sig. F.ij Eate no harte [Gk. μὴ ἐσθίειν καρδίαν], what doth it els signifie, but accombre not thy mynde with thoughtes, ne do not fatigate the with cares?
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. i. f. 48 If you thinke to stoppe euerie ones mouth: Which were to eate up your heart, as they say.
1586 E. Hoby tr. M. Coignet Polit. Disc. Trueth xii. 50 Thorough a thousande perturbations, which causeth them cleane to depart from tranquillitie, which an auncient writer termed to eate out ones heart.
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. Hv Whether it were for meere niggardise, or that Castaldo still eate out his heart with iealousie.
1651 E. Calamy Saints Rest 16 A man that eats out his heart with worldly cares, will never sleep an happy sleep.
1707 S. Cobb Poems 245 He eat his valiant Heart to see the Prey He thought his own, so bravely snatch'd away.
1763 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 116/2 Shall I such base Egyptian bondage bear, And eat my heart thro' sorrow, grief and care?
1853 W. M. Thackeray Let. 11 Mar. (1946) III. 233 She is..without..good looks, thirty years old..buried in the country, and eating up her own heart there, and no Tompkins will come.
1863 Chambers's Jrnl. 25 July 53/1 You may eat your heart out (figuratively), while waiting for the employment professional etiquette will not permit you to seek.
1913 ‘M. Maartens’ Dorothea ix. 258 I had heart that the poor fellow was eating out his heart at home.
1949 E. Goudge Gentian Hill ii. i. 181 Nelson..was eating his heart out in the Mediterranean, but he could not bring them [sc. the fleets of France and Spain] to battle.
2011 N. Polizzi Shore Thing xxxix. 254 If Rocky, aka the Idiot Traitor ex-boyfriend, could see her now, he'd be eating his heart out.
(b) colloquial (originally U.S.). eat your heart out: used to suggest that the person or persons addressed is likely to be extremely annoyed or (esp.) envious.
ΚΠ
1958 Press-Telegram (Long Beach, Calif.) 28 Nov. c1/1 The boy, after noting my pained expression after his good run, yelled over to me: ‘Eat your heart out, coach.’
1985 Weekly World News 19 Mar. 31/1 (caption) Delectable Tessa Hewitt cuddles up with Montgomery Moose and his furry pals at a toy fair... Eat your heart out, Bullwinkle.
2011 Time Out N.Y. 10 Feb. 62/1 You hear from tough-talking sex experts and watch funny scenes featuring an actual ‘orgasmatron’ (eat your heart out, Woody Allen).
c. to find in one's heart: †(a) to feel inclined or willing (to do something); to desire (obsolete); (b) to bring oneself (to do something); to be generous or (esp. in negative contexts) hard-hearted enough. In later use esp. as to find it in one's heart (to do something). Cf. also Phrases 3e(a).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > wish or be disposed or inclined [verb]
willeOE
listc1200
to be of (also in) (a) minda1325
to will well that1340
likea1375
to find in one's hearta1393
to have a minda1400
pleasec1450
set1470
to have a mind1530
care1560
fadge1592
please1611
choose1622
offer1639
to feel like1808
the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade [verb (intransitive)] > persuade oneself
to find in one's hearta1393
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 5181 (MED) That he at eny time scholde..in his herte finde To falsen and to ben unkinde.
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 216 How might Robert Holonde fynde in his hert me to bitraye siþens þat y haue Louede him so miche?
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 64 Sum faderis..coud nocht fynd jn thair hertis to..chasty thair barnis.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 324 (MED) He slepte..so savourly, þat þe preste ne non othir myȝt fynde in hire herte to wake him.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 687/1 Thoughe you can nat fynde in your herte to honour hym for his owne sake.
1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist iii. 140 How can we find it in our hearts to make it a teacher to our selues, which cannot be done without giving shewe of iustification to this..teaching?
1631 R. Bolton Instr. Right Comf. Affl. Consciences 381 They..can well find in their hearts, to passe-by failings, where there is heart and good will.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 316 Yet can these men finde in their hearts to boast.
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. iv. viii. sig. Dd4 [One] that can find in his Heart to destroy Armies, and ruine Provinces.
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 35 He could not find in his heart to leave me, and make off.
1770 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (Dublin ed.) V. 99 Could you find in your Heart, says he, to love such an ugly old Thing as I am?
1824 T. F. Dibdin Libr. Compan. 382 Let me ask the ingenious and intrepid Defender of King James I..how the Scoto-English Monarch could find it in his heart..to order the execution of such a man as Raleigh?
1883 E. Blackwell Booth iv. 45 They could hardly find in their heart to disturb its peaceful surface.
1896 S. R. Crockett Grey Man xxviii I could not find it in my heart to tell him of the happening.
1929 Sat. Evening Post 23 Mar. 165/1 You found it in your heart for to join the Plain People, didn't you, Carlie?
1973 B. Rubens Go tell Lemming iv. 56 If you can find it in your heart to laugh, it'll help keep the Assizes open.
1999 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 1 Apr. a19/1 If you can find it in your heart, look not at Dr. Lyons in the last three or four years, but look at the good he brings.
2005 T. Umrigar Space between Us (2007) xvii. 226 Find it in your heart to forgive me. I am a stupid, ignorant woman.
2010 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 19 Sept. 64 It [sc. the album] practically pleads for forgiveness and those who loved the band in the 1990s may find that in their hearts.
d.
(a) to go to (a person's) heart: to cause (a person) great sorrow or pity. Now rare.
ΚΠ
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) l. 320 (MED) Heo him duden in prisun of deþ..Merci þat anon iseiȝ; Hit eode hire herte swiþe neih.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 83 I trowe hit shold not moche goo to my herte so that another dyde it.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes i. f. 34v One of the coumpaignie standyng by, saied, dooeth not this go to your herte Socrates?
1570 T. North tr. A. F. Doni Morall Philos. iv. f. 105 Hee..sighed sore for that worthye Phisition that was nowe deade, the losse of whome went to his heart.
1687 Bp. G. Burnet Def. Refl. Varillas's Hist. Heresies 126 This it seems went to his heart.
1694 F. Bragge Pract. Disc. Parables ix. 314 How does every rub and hindrance go to their very heart.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxv. 173 She then, poor dear soul! screamed so dismally, that Macpherson said, it went to his heart to hear her.
1844 Fraser's Mag. 30 587/2 It goes to my heart to be disunited from them.
1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians xviii It went to my heart to say no to her.
1890 Murray's Mag. 7 96 The look of sorrow..went to his heart.
1905 D. Smith Days of his Flesh xiv. 129 The thought of it went to His heart like a sudden stab.
1914 C. S. Horne David Livingstone ii. 37 It was the home to which he brought his young bride and to leave it went to his heart.
(b) one's (also the) heart goes out to ——: one has a strong feeling of attraction to or (now more commonly) sympathy for ——, typically on account of difficult or adverse circumstances.
ΚΠ
1628 W. Struther Christian Observ. & Resol. xcv. 269 The more the heart goe out to outward thinges, it is drawen the more from it selfe, and from God.
1649 V. Powell God Father Glorified 30 If Jacobs love were so great, when he first saw Rachell, how much more did his heart go out to her, when that she was neere to be his wife?
1705 J. Webster Sacramental Serm. v. 44 My Heart went out to you long ago, I loved you with an Everlasting Love, when ye were nothing.
1840 Relig. Souvenir 75 Here..His [sc. God's] presence is felt, and the heart goes out to Him, as naturally as a little child to its parent.
1853 N.Y. Q. Jan. 576 The melancholy madness and uprooted life and love of Hamlet which make our hearts go out to him in sympathy as to a brother.
1895 I. Maclaren Beside Bonnie Brier Bush ii. ii. 79 As weeks went past, and Donald was seen neither at Kirk nor market, my heart went out to the lonely man in his soul conflict.
1926 V. Sackville-West Let. 28 Feb. in Lett. to V. Woolf (1984) 95 My heart goes out to you over the hat, and the mattresses, and the impossibility of privacy.
1978 N. Longmate Hungry Mills vii. 100 His heart went out to the inexperienced street-vendors he encountered.
2002 B. Hoey Her Majesty ix. 147 Our thoughts and prayers are with Princess Diana's family—in particular her two sons, her two boys—our hearts go out to them.
e.
(a) to have the heart: to be sufficiently courageous, resolute, (in later use) unsympathetic, etc. (to do something); (sometimes more generally) to have sufficient inclination or enthusiasm. In later use chiefly in negative and interrogative contexts. Cf. stomach n. 5b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > pluck up courage [verb]
findOE
to take (in early use nim) heartc1275
to have the heartc1300
to hent one's heartc1325
to pull upa1393
to fang upa1400
pluckc1400
to take courage1490
to take heart of grace (and variants)c1520
to lift up one's heart, mind, soul1535
to get (also gather, keep, etc.) heart of grace1581
hearten1587
to pluck up one's courage1660
flesh1695
pluck up courage1726
to pick up1735
to call forth1802
to pluck up1827
to muster up1893
c1300 St. Bartholomew (Laud) l. 248 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 374 Riȝt ase men huyldeth a ded oxe, men hulden him al-liue. Alas, hou miȝten huy habben þe heorte?
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11805 (MED) Hu had he hert to sced þair blod?
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) iv. xxxviii. 63 I am soo full of sorow, and of heuynes, that I haue no herte to speke to yow.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. ii. 16 Curst be the heart that had the heart to doe it. View more context for this quotation
1657 tr. A. Thevet Prosopographia 46 in T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (new ed.) The Turks being discouraged..had not the heart to defend themselves.
1716 J. Addison Free-holder No. 30 One cannot have the Heart to be angry at this judicious Observer.
1780 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) I. 427 I had no heart to leave..Mr. Thrale in a state so precarious.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xlviii. 214 Have you the heart to say this of your own son, unnatural mother!
1886 Ld. Tennyson Promise of May iii, in Locksley Hall 173 I hadn't the heart or face to do it.
1920 C. Carswell Open Door! i. i. 11 Though he was now ten, his mother had not yet had the heart to cut the fair effeminate ringlets which reach the collar of his sailor suit.
1959 F. Astaire Steps in Time (1960) vi. 42 If they'll promise to work I'll take them on but they must have the heart, the incentive, the will to practice and do as I say.
1962 A. White Diary 14 Jan. (1993) ii. 64 I meant to ‘have a word’ with E.A.C. about his inhabiting so much of the flat,..[but] I didn't have the heart.
2007 R. Leleux Mem. Beautiful Boy (2009) xii. 152 He'd say some perfectly exasperating thing, like someday we'd adopt children, and did I really have the heart to deny them a grandfather?
(b) colloquial. to have a heart: to be sympathetic or understanding. Frequently in imperative, esp. as a plea for sympathy: ‘be reasonable’, ‘show some pity!’
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > compassion > feel pity or compassion [verb (intransitive)] > have mercy
to have a heart1901
1901 F. L. Slous & C. Crosland tr. V. Hugo King's Diversion iii, in Dramatic Wks. XVIII. 303 Be merciful; Thine is a soul inspired. Oh, have a heart! Tell me she's here!
1913 Commerc. Telegraphers' Jrnl. Nov. 342/2 Have a heart, Timmie, the ‘lame duck’ from Niagara Falls may not ‘carry home the bacon’ after all.
1928 Observer 1 Jan. 4 We only sigh for old delights, and in homely phrase beseech him..to ‘have a heart’.
1967 J. B. Priestley It's Old Country xix. 209 ‘You haven't made any plans for him, have you?’ ‘How could I?.. Have a heart!’
2003 G. C. Johnson in R. Campbell et al. Gathering Bones 92 The man struggles against the restraining net of cords... ‘For God's sake, have a heart.’
f. to lay to (†one's) heart: to take into serious consideration, as something to be kept carefully in mind; to think seriously about; to be deeply affected by or concerned about. Cf. to take (something) to heart at Phrases 3k(b). Now rare. †to lay to the heart of: to impress (something) seriously upon (another person) (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > intense emotion > affect intensely [verb (transitive)] > be affected intensely or deeply by
to take (something) to hearta1375
to lay to (one's) heart1588
hearta1616
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)]
thinkOE
thinkOE
bethinka1200
umthinka1300
to have mind ofc1300
casta1340
studya1375
delivera1382
to chew the cudc1384
to take advisementa1393
stema1400
compassc1400
advisec1405
deliberc1405
to make it wisec1405
to take deliberationc1405
enter?a1413
riddlec1426
hovec1440
devise?c1450
to study by (also in) oneself?c1450
considerc1460
porec1500
regard1523
deliberate1543
to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546
contemplate1560
consult1565
perpend1568
vise1568
to consider of1569
weigh1573
ruminate1574
dascanc1579
to lay to (one's) heart1588
pondera1593
debate1594
reflect1596
comment1597
perponder1599
revolvea1600
rumine1605
consider on, upon1606
to think twice1623
reflex1631
spell1645
ponderatea1652
to turn about1725
to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736
to wake over1771
incubatea1847
mull1857
fink1888
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > be absorbed in [verb (intransitive)] > be serious about
to take (something) to hearta1375
to lay to (one's) heart1588
to take (a person or thing) seriously1655
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > seriousness or solemnity > be serious towards [verb (transitive)]
to lay to (one's) heart1588
to take (a person or thing) seriously1655
1588 J. Udall True Remedie i. f. 18 They had felt the thing (especiallye the first punishment of Famine) and yet had not laid it to heart.
1611 Bible (King James) Mal. ii. 2 If yee will not lay it to heart, to giue glory vnto my name. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. v. 13 Lay it to thy heart, and farewell. View more context for this quotation
1680 T. Gouge God's Call to Eng. 107 Oh then that now we could lay to heart these Riches of Grace that continues a preparing space.
1754 W. Dodd Sisters II. vii. 190 Think of the gnawing and restless disquietudes that constantly molest and torture me; think of the excess of my passion for you—oh lay it all to your heart.
1802 T. Beddoes Hygëia II. v. 21 Many writers..have laid it to the heart of mothers not to commit to hirelings the task of nurse.
1853 R. C. Trench On Lessons in Proverbs 141 It contains..a lesson which I should do wisely and well at this present time to lay to heart.
1884 Cent. Mag. Oct. 942/2 Do not lay it to heart, my child.
1929 Rotarian May 9/3 Our light-hearted friend is being admitted and counselled to lay to heart our objects and our ethics.
1983 J. Ghosh tr. Yoga Philos. Patañjali (rev. ed.) 411 He is wise who after laying to heart the instruction imparted by a preceptor, reflects on it.
g.
(a) to lose heart: to become discouraged or demoralized.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > despair [verb (intransitive)] > lose heart
to lose heart1544
despond1655
to lose heart1741
demoralize1838
1544 A. Cope Hist. Anniball & Scipio x. f. 13v Those fewe that be left of them, haue loste both hartes and strength.
1648 J. Bulwer Philocophus 190 Hee that learneth to read, write, or to play on the Lute, is in the beginning ready to lose heart at every step.
1741 J. Ozell tr. P. de B. de Brantôme Spanish Rhodomontades 186 As soon as They were dead, every one lost Heart, having lost their Chief Supports.
1850 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire I. x. 498 The Germans lost heart.
1900 L. F. Baum Wonderful Wizard of Oz xiv. 147 Then Dorothy lost heart. She sat down on the grass and looked at her companions.
1927 W. S. Churchill Let. 25 Jan. in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) xiii. 305 You must make many allowances my darling & above all do not lose heart over trifles.
1990 L. Ngcobo And they didn't Die x. 151 The struggle goes on Jezie. Don't lose heart.
2004 Gramophone Aug. 66/1 First-time listeners to the Revelation Cantata should not lose heart during the very long and very dreary organ prelude.
(b) to lose one's heart (to): to fall in love (with), become besotted (with); also in extended use.Quot. 1604 may possibly illustrate loose v.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > fall in love [verb]
to lose one's heart1604
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iii. 31 If with too credent eare you list his songs Or loose [1623 lose] your hart. View more context for this quotation
1633 J. Ford Broken Heart iii. i. sig. G1v 'Tis long agone since first I lost my heart.
1677 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer ii. 26 I have an Ambition..of losing my heart, before such a fair Enemy.
1796 W. Gilpin 3 Dialogues Amusements Clergymen ii. 93 She had lost her heart to this vile amusement [sc. card-playing].
1842 Ld. Tennyson Edward Gray in Poems II. 179 And have you lost your heart?.. And are you married yet?
1884 ‘E. Lyall’ We Two II. ix. 197 Lady Caroline will quite lose her heart to you!
1919 E. Glasgow Builders i. xi. 169 Is Mrs. Blackburn still hopeful? She is so sweet that I've quite lost my heart to her.
1958 L. Forster in Aspects of Transl. 25 The girl has lost her heart, and this banal idea banalizes what follows.
2002 D. Aitkenhead Promised Land i. 9 By the second half of the nineties..dance culture was becoming a business machine, no longer something you could lose your heart to.
h. to open one's heart: see open v. 12c.
i.
†(a) to put to (also on) (the) heart: = to lay to heart at Phrases 3f. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mal. ii. 2 Ȝif ȝe woln not putte on the herte, that ȝe ȝeue glorie to my name.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 34 Son of man, putt to hert, and see wiþ þin een..alle þings þat I spek to þe.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 36 (MED) Þe lawis..to þe wilk þe prest schuld put to þe hert, þat is þe strengþ of his luf.
1690 F. Lee Labouring Persons Remembrancer 20 He might be taught..to reflect on the most ugly loathsomness of Sin, to consider and put to heart its woful and dire attendance.
(b) to put one's heart into: to apply oneself wholeheartedly or with enthusiasm to (a task or matter). Also to put one's whole heart into, etc.
ΚΠ
1818 N. Amer. Rev. July 258 He seemed to put his heart into his work, and to feel that he elevated his own character..in proportion as he raised the reputation of the subject of his biography.
1886 E. Lynn Linton Paston Carew I. x. 181 A man who puts his heart into all he does.
1904 St. Nicholas July 779/1 Anything is possible to a man who puts his whole heart into his work.
1988 R. Basu Hours before Dawn x. 91 I know why my stories are not turning out well—because I cannot put my heart into the material I've been assigned.
2009 Time Out N.Y. 19 Nov. 80/1 He puts all his heart into this absurd rob-the-mob yarn.
j.
(a) to set one's heart on: see set v.1 37a.
†(b) to set on one's heart (also to set to the heart): = to lay to heart at Phrases 3f. Cf. to put on the heart at Phrases 3i(a). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) i. 66 Ealle þa ðe hit gehyrdon on heora heortan settun [L. posuerunt omnes qui audierant in corde suo].
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 24 If ȝe wil not sett to þe hert to ȝef glory to my name.
k.
(a) to take (in early use †nim) heart and variants: to summon up courage; (now more usually) to derive encouragement or comfort from a turn of events, discovery, etc. Cf. to take courage at courage n. 4d.to take heart of grace: see heart of grace n. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > pluck up courage [verb]
findOE
to take (in early use nim) heartc1275
to have the heartc1300
to hent one's heartc1325
to pull upa1393
to fang upa1400
pluckc1400
to take courage1490
to take heart of grace (and variants)c1520
to lift up one's heart, mind, soul1535
to get (also gather, keep, etc.) heart of grace1581
hearten1587
to pluck up one's courage1660
flesh1695
pluck up courage1726
to pick up1735
to call forth1802
to pluck up1827
to muster up1893
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 956 He..Nom him heorte to; & streahte his ærmes. & breid Geomagog.
c1330 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Auch.) (1952) 45 King Alisaunder, þei him were wo, He tok him gode hert to.
a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) l. 5757 They wer bolde, her herte they tooke [a1400 Egerton and gode herte took].
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 748/1 I take herte, je prens couraige.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. sig. Mm4v Take good hart, And tell thy griefe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. iii. 174 Take a good heart, and counterfeit to be a man. View more context for this quotation
1674 S. Butler Hudibras (new ed.) i. iii. 127 Took heart again, and fac'd about, As if they meant to stand it out.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 152 The Presbyterians, who were quite dispirited by the steddiness of his conduct, would take heart again.
1776 Ld. Kames Gentleman Farmer Pref. p. xii I laid aside my books, took heart, and like Des Cartes commenced my inquiries with doubting of every thing.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lxvii. 331 Take heart, take heart. We'll find them.
1869 East Anglian 3 350 There were the squires on the bench, but I took heart, and talked to 'em like a Dutch uncle.
1903 J. London Call of Wild iii. 82 Pike..took heart at this open mutiny, and sprang upon the overthrown leader.
1980 W. Manchester Goodbye, Darkness 74 But the Diggers took heart when he appeared in Melbourne.
2008 Independent on Sunday 6 Jan. 32/1 If your first magnum opus is still waiting to be propelled to Booker-winning glory, take heart from these rejectees.
(b) to take (in early use †nim) (something) to (also †til) heart: to take seriously; †to be zealous, solicitous, or ardent about (obsolete); (in later use esp.) to be much affected or upset by.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > intense emotion > affect intensely [verb (transitive)] > be affected intensely or deeply by
to take (something) to hearta1375
to lay to (one's) heart1588
hearta1616
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > be absorbed in [verb (intransitive)] > be serious about
to take (something) to hearta1375
to lay to (one's) heart1588
to take (a person or thing) seriously1655
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1203 (MED) For his newe þat nam he most to herte, he wax neiȝ ouȝt of his witte, for wraþ & for anger.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 807 He his fader deth to herte So tok that it mai noght asterte That he Typhon after ne slowh.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24010 Þat mast i tok til hert.
?c1450 Brut (Trin. Cambr.) (1908) 483 With these wordes the Kyng wexe wroth, and toke it to hert; and she was arested.
a1500 (a1450) in C. Monro Lett. Margaret of Anjou (1863) 110 (MED) Mathew Gogh..is..likly..to be dishonoured..the which we suppose ye will take right nigh to hert.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Eccl. vii. 2 There is the ende of all men, and he that is lyuinge taketh it to herte.
1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 94/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II Whose death he is said to haue taken greatlie to hart.
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iii. vii. 421 But why shouldst thou take thy Canvas so to hart?
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 191 If hee would take the businesse to heart, and deale in it effectually..it would succeed well.
1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. viii. 464 It was very vehemently pressed by many Persons..and among those who took it most to heart, Sr John Stawel was the Chief.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia II. iv. i. 132 He takes the disappointment so to heart that he cannot get the better of it.
1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Jan. 23/2 Though I did not cry or take it to heart as some do..yet I missed him all day long.
1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. vi. 133 She had no idea when she was refusing him that he would have taken it to heart as he had done.
1900 J. Conrad Lord Jim xiv. 172 I made it a practice never to take anything to heart.
1937 A. Christie Dumb Witness xxii. 238 ‘You take things to heart too much, Minnie,’ she used to say.
2005 B. Keating & S. Keating Blood Sisters (2006) xi. 203 Don't take it to heart that she sometimes has to let off some steam.
(c) to take to one's heart: to take an affectionate or protective interest in (a person or thing).
ΚΠ
1728 Hist. Reg. No. 52. 250 Because he found them to be a sincere honest People, he took them to his Heart, and loved them as his own.
1801 H. Summersett Martyn of Fenrose 185 He opened his arms, took her to his heart.
1845 tr. J. Michelet Spiritual Direct. i. x. 105 Quietism was no more. The Franciscans and the Jesuits had taken it to their hearts. The Dominicans had opposed it.
1886 E. Dowden Life Shelley I. vi. 280 Godwin..had indeed taken the young disciple to his heart.
1932 T. E. Lawrence tr. Homer Odyssey (new ed.) v. 70 The Phaeacians, godlike in race and habit, will take him to their heart with all honour as divine.
1995 M. Kesavan Looking through Glass 31 In spite of his privileged growing up..the masses took him to their hearts.
2007 New Scientist 27 Oct. 58/1 It was software engineers who really took CamelCase to their hearts, using it in their program-writing conventions.
P4. In asseverative expressions, exclamations, and oaths. See also B.
a. In by (also for) God's heart; also simply God's heart (and euphemistic forms of this, as Ods heart, etc.), heart of God. See also 'Sheart n. Now archaic and in historical contexts.
ΚΠ
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. l. 225 (MED) Sexty of þe same contreye..shoten aȝein with shotte many a shef of othes, And brode hoked arwes, goddes herte & his nayles.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 627 Help water, water, help for goddes herte.
c1460 in R. Brotanek Mittelengl. Dichtungen MS 432 Trin. Coll. Dublin (1940) 100 By goddes hert! þer to I holde.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Div By the harte of god well done.
1573 New Custome ii. iii. sig. Civ Harte of god man be the meanes better, or worse, I passe not.
1573 New Custome ii. iii. sig. C iij Nay by Goddes harte, if I might doe what I list, Not one of them all that should scape my fist.
1605 Hist. Tryall Cheualry sig. E1v S'hart, what a name's that!
1701 C. Cibber Love makes Man ii. 17 I can't bear this! 'sheart I cou'd cry for Madness!
1728 C. Cibber Vanbrugh's Provok'd Husband ii. i. 27 Odsheart! this was so kindly done of you, naw.
1887 A. Lang tr. Aucassin & Nicolete 53 ‘By God's heart,’ quoth Aucassin, ‘thou ill son of an ill wench.’
1905 J. B. Cabell Line of Love iv. iii. 138 ‘Heart of God!’ cried Sermaise. ‘Pray, bridegroom, pray!’
1944 T. H. Raddall Roger Sudden xxxii. 238 'Od's heart! That's a lot o' coals!
1990 J. E. French Lovestorm xiv. 180 'Ods-heart! I cannot break wind without you there to hear and repeat it to Dunmore.
b. In (dear) heart alive (formerly also †dear heart). Now rare (chiefly English regional in later use).
ΚΠ
1694 J. Echard & R. L'Estrange tr. Terence Eunuch i, in Terence's Comedies made Eng. 56 Dear Heart! I'm afraid Phedrie believes not one word of what I have said.
1765 I. Bickerstaff Maid of Mill iii. iii. 59 Let her go, and never mind her; Heart alive, you're fairly quit.
1843 C. Dickens Christmas Carol v. 161 Dear heart alive, how his niece by marriage started!
1869 Dublin Univ. Mag. Jan. 28/2 Oh, dear,..here's the master. Heart-a-live, won't he be glad to see you, Miss.
1899 W. Raymond Two Men o' Mendip ii. 21 Heart alive! There was to be company to-night, then, sure enough.
1939 S. Gibbons My Amer. 278 Hullo Mum, hullo Dad, hullo Dora, heart alive, girl, you're skinnier than ever, how do you manage it?
1994 J. Coe What Carve Up! 34 Grandpa muttered ‘Dear heart alive,’ and this..was the cue for me to resume my wailing with twice the energy.
c. In upon my heart, †Ods my heart, etc.; also simply †my heart. Cf. life n. Phrases 7a, soul n. Phrases 2. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1696 P. A. Motteux Love's a Jest ii. 24 Ods my heart, I fancy I could do this my self.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxvi. 84 Ad's my Heart, I think it would be the best Thing.
1764 Dialogue Late Declar. & Remonstr. Back-inhabitants Pennsylvania 3 Oh my Heart! I believe the Man is going Mad!
1886 A. G. Savigny Heart-song of To-day xxii. 150 'Pon my heart it's too bad of him to carry off the most precious freight of the ball-room.
1914 A. M. Lütkenhaus Master Skylark iv. 14 My soul, my soul, it is the boy! Upon my heart, he has a skylark prisoned in his throat!
d.
(a) (God, etc.) bless my heart (see bless v.1 9): used as an exclamation to express surprise, alarm, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > exclamation of surprise [interjection]
whatOE
well, wellOE
avoyc1300
ouc1300
ay1340
lorda1393
ahaa1400
hillaa1400
whannowc1450
wow1513
why?1520
heydaya1529
ah1538
ah me!a1547
fore me!a1547
o me!a1547
what the (also a) goodyear1570
precious coals1576
Lord have mercy (on us)1581
good heavens1588
whau1589
coads1590
ay me!1591
my stars!a1593
Gods me1595
law1598
Godso1600
to go out1600
coads-nigs1608
for mercy!a1616
good stars!1615
mercy on us (also me, etc.)!a1616
gramercy1617
goodness1623
what next?1662
mon Dieu1665
heugh1668
criminy1681
Lawd1696
the dickens1697
(God, etc.) bless my heart1704
alackaday1705
(for) mercy's sake!1707
my1707
deuce1710
gracious1712
goodly and gracious1713
my word1722
my stars and garters!1758
lawka1774
losha1779
Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.)1784
great guns!1795
mein Gott1795
Dear me!1805
fancy1813
well, I'm sure!1815
massy1817
Dear, dear!1818
to get off1818
laws1824
Mamma mia1824
by crikey1826
wisha1826
alleleu1829
crackey1830
Madonna mia1830
indeed1834
to go on1835
snakes1839
Jerusalem1840
sapristi1840
oh my days1841
tear and ages1841
what (why, etc.) in time?1844
sakes alive!1846
gee willikers1847
to get away1847
well, to be sure!1847
gee1851
Great Scott1852
holy mackerel!1855
doggone1857
lawsy1868
my wig(s)!1871
gee whiz1872
crimes1874
yoicks1881
Christmas1882
hully gee1895
'ullo1895
my hat!1899
good (also great) grief!1900
strike me pink!1902
oo-er1909
what do you know?1909
cripes1910
coo1911
zowiec1913
can you tie that?1918
hot diggety1924
yeow1924
ziggety1924
stone (or stiffen) the crows1930
hullo1931
tiens1932
whammo1932
po po po1936
how about that?1939
hallo1942
brother1945
tie that!1948
surprise1953
wowee1963
yikes1971
never1974
to sod off1976
whee1978
mercy1986
yipes1989
1704 Step to Lobby 9 'Twas a Sight, God bless my heart, As made my dazled Eye-Balls smart.
1709 A. Hill Walking Statue 3 Bless my Heart, what Figures are here?
1767 D. Garrick Peep behind Curtain i. ii. 9 Bless my heart, man, the Author depends most upon his Cows.
1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan III. 10 Bless my heart—how you do straddle about!
1910 Blackwood's Mag. July 75/1 Lord bless my heart! fancy a young man coming here from Perth to tell us about birds and summer breezes!
1920 Illustr. London News Christmas No. 10/1 No? D'ye say it's Gospel true? How d'ye know? What! Bless my heart!
2004 Palm Beach (Florida) Post (Nexis) 18 July 1 bb Well, bless my heart, it wasn't six weeks later that he was beating up on everybody.
(b) (God, etc.) bless his (also her, etc.) heart: used to express fondness or sympathy for the person referred to; (also, in the American South) used negatively, almost as a curse.
ΚΠ
1733 H. Fielding Miser (London ed.) v. i. 68 Bless her Heart! good Lady!
1756 A. Murphy Apprentice i. 16 He's at his Plays again..Lord bless his Heart, he's to teach me to act Scrub.
1802 Sporting Mag. Sept. 312/1 Our chairman..happened to say, (God bless his heart, I dare say he thought no more harm than the child unborn) ‘There was no fear but that [etc.].’
1886 R. Broughton Dr. Cupid II. vii. 164 She can no longer look upon me as a child, bless her old heart!
1943 L. Lenski Bayou Suzette x. 139 Marteel, she give the children more fun than they ever had before, bless 'er heart.
2004 S. E. Phillips Ain't she Sweet? (2005) i. 5 I know you don't mean to be vain and self-centered, Sugar Beth, bless your heart.
2019 S. Neiman Learning from Germans iv. 144 She was crucial in explaining the way things worked, and didn't, in Mississippi, translating the native tongue where necessary. Bless your heart sounds sweet, for example, but it's closer to a curse than anything else.
P5. In various metaphorical expressions involving the (figurative) position of the heart.
a. to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, †hose, etc.) and variants: to be in a state of extreme fear or dejection. Also one's heart sinks to one's boots, etc.; similarly to lift one's heart out of one's boots, etc.A fanciful extension of ‘one's heart sinks’: see sink v. 24b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)]
heavyOE
fallOE
droopena1225
lourc1290
droopc1330
to abate one's countenance (also cheer)a1350
dullc1374
fainta1375
languora1375
languisha1382
afflicta1393
gloppen?a1400
weary1434
appalc1450
to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)c1450
peak1580
dumpc1585
mopea1592
sink1603
bate1607
deject1644
despond1655
alamort?1705
sadden1718
dismal1780
munge1790
mug1828
to get one's tail down1853
to have (also get) the pip1881
shadow1888
to have (one's) ass in a sling1960
the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid or fear [verb (intransitive)] > fear excessively
to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)c1450
over-fear1583
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > change of direction, reversion > reversal [phrase]
Tottenham is turned French1546
to turn the tables1612
to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)1642
the boot is on the other leg1854
the shoe is on the other foot1933
the wheel has come full circle1944
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 91 Myn herte fil doun vnto my too.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 123 A, thy hart is in thy hose!
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xxii. 174 b Petur beeyng feared with this saiyng of a woman..as if his herte had been in his hele clene gon.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1756/1 When the bishop heard this, by and by his hart was in his heeles, and..he with the rest of that Court betooke them to theyr legges.
c1600 Timon (1980) i. v. 18 My hart is at the bottome of my hose.
1642 Lords' Jrnls. in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: 3rd Pt. (1721) IV. 559 b Edward Sanderford..said..that the Earl of Warwick was a Traytor, and wished his Heart in his Boots.
1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin ii. 174 Chear up, and pluck thy Heart out of thy Hose!
1715 A. Pennecuik Curious Coll. Scotish Poems in Geogr., Hist. Descr. Tweeddale App. 22 To view but Hairhops great Red Roman Nose, Would flee a Rebels Heart, into his Hose.
1798 D. Crawford Poems 52 Yestreen I sang the Scotch kail-brose, An' gat my heart aboon my hose.
1858 Harper's Mag. Mar. 490/2 When this infernal chatter-box wound up, my heart sunk into my shoes.
1889 R. L. Stevenson Master of Ballantrae iii. 54 When we must proceed on one of our abordages, the heart of Francis Burke was in his boots.
1920 T. Moult Snow over Elden ii. 16 When the dear sight of yonder at a journey's end does no longer lift my heart out of my boots back to proper biding place I shall be an owd woman sure enough.
1948 ‘J. Tey’ Franchise Affair xx. 229 Robert's heart sank to his heels with the plummet swoop of an express lift.
1958 L. van der Post Lost World of Kalahari (1962) 164 His handsome face was so charged with resentment..that it sent my own determined heart in to my boots.
1993 Western Horseman Mar. 82/3 We..know the way your heart drops to your boots if your foal has terribly crooked legs.
2007 V. A. Kennard Wolf lvii. 481 As they approached the heli-pad Beowulf's heart sank in his shoes.
b. to have one's heart in one's mouth and variants: to be extremely apprehensive or alarmed.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > be apprehensive [verb (transitive)]
mishopea1250
misforgivea1425
suspect1509
misgivea1535
mistrust1535
to have one's heart in one's mouth1548
misdread1566
fear1600
apprehend1609
the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > expression of physical symptoms [phrase] > have one's heart in one's mouth
to have one's heart in one's mouth1548
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xxiii. 199 Hauyng their herte at their verai mouth for feare, they did not belieue that it was Iesus.
1601 W. Parry New Disc. Trauels Sir A. Sherley 16 It had bin an easie matter to haue found a company of poore hearts neere their maisters mouthes.
1716 J. Addison Drummer i. 2 I fell a-cross a Beam, that lay in my way, and Faith my Heart was in my Mouth—I thought I had stumbled over a Spirit.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 199 There I stood, my Heart up at my Mouth.
1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. v. ii. 13 Antony..sounded a charge with such a tremendous outset,..that it was enough to make your heart leap out of your mouth only to be within a mile of it.
1856 G. J. Whyte-Melville Kate Coventry xiii. 153 A ring at the door-bell brings everybody's heart into everybody's mouth.
1887 ‘E. Lyall’ Knight-errant II. iii. 59 Francesca's heart leapt into her mouth.
1932 N.Y. Times 13 Mar. xx. 6/4 The passenger who rides with his heart in his mouth because of sudden stops, close shaves and ‘cowboying’.
1971 K. Awoonor This Earth, my Brother iii. 35 After the drill, Mr Adama cleared his throat, his heart in his mouth.
2004 S. Mehta Maximum City 147 Ritu..drove to the school in a panic, running all the red lights, her heart in her mouth.
c. to wear one's heart on one's tongue (also in one's mouth) and variants: to be ready always to speak what is in one's mind; conversely †to carry one's mouth (also tongue) in one's heart: to be guarded or careful about speaking one's mind, to conceal one's thoughts (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] > without restraint
to wear one's heart on one's tongue (also in one's mouth)?1576
to speak out1694
to open up1884
to talk cold turkey1928
the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] > with restraint or carefully
to weigh one's words1340
to carry one's mouth (also tongue) in one's heart?1576
to mince words1826
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > sincerity, freedom from deceit > act or speak sincerely [verb (intransitive)]
to open one's budget1548
to wear one's heart on one's tongue (also in one's mouth)?1576
truthify1647
to mean what one says1750
to let it all hang out1970
?1576 A. Hall Let. touchyng Priuate Quarell sig. H.viv These men who carry their harts in their tongues, and not their tongues in their hartes.
1590 ‘Pasquil’ First Pt. Pasquils Apol. sig. C2v I will carrie my mouth in my hart..there is a time for speech, and a time for silence.
1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 195 Whereas other carried their harts in their toungues, and their heads in their pennes; he liked no such simplicity, but..carried his toungue in his hart, his penne in his head.
1611 W. Vaughan Spirit of Detraction vii. iii. 307 This rare medicine makes the Patient which takes it, to carry his mouth in his heart.
1654 R. Loveday tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Hymen's Præludia: 2nd Pt. iii. 134 That Prince, who ever wore his heart upon his tongue and his face,..receiv'd him coldly.
1707 J. Mapletoft Sel. Prov. 6 Wise Men have their Mouth in their Hearts Fools their Heart in their Mouth.
1778 A. Murphy Know your own Mind iv. 73 I am apt to carry my heart at my tongue's end.
1835 Meerut Universal Mag. 1 70 The commission of acts not less popular than lenient, have [sic] made every Officer in Bengal wear his heart on his tongue whenever the name of Lumley is mentioned.
1867 F. Jordan tr. K. Mundt Napoleon & Queen of Prussia 159/1 She does not bear her heart on her tongue, but it throbs lovingly in her bosom.
1903 F. Crowninshield Tales in Metre 57 He told his ingenuous story, and frankly, carelessly wore His innermost heart on his tongue.
1985 M. Bernard Graphology 36 He..has spontaneous ideas and can speak and act without inhibition. He carries his heart on his tongue.
2002 L. Wilson tr. H. Kurzke Thomas Mann v. 119 An artist cannot wear his heart on his tongue. He must carefully hide what is confession in his work.
†d. to have one's heart upon one's pouch: to be motivated by personal gain. See also to have one's heart on one's halfpenny at halfpenny n. Phrases 2a. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie clxxxviii. 1171 Hee was such a one as had his tongue to sale, and his heart vppon his powche.
e. to wear one's heart on (also upon) one's sleeve and variants: to show one's feelings, wishes, intentions, etc., openly; to be unable or unwilling to disguise one's feelings.Sometimes with specific allusion to Shakespeare (see quot. a1616).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > be unaffected, natural, or artless [verb (intransitive)]
to wear one's heart on (also upon) one's sleevea1616
to let it all hang out1970
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest itself [verb (intransitive)] > expose one's feelings to all
to wear one's heart on (also upon) one's sleevea1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. i. 64 Tis not long after, But I will weare my heart vpon my sleeue, For Doues to pecke at. View more context for this quotation
1772 T. Delamayne Senators (ed. 4) 11 Sawbridge..hangs out his honest heart upon his sleeve.
1795 R. Cumberland Wheel of Fortune v. 78 What, does that David think ‘I wear my heart upon my sleeve, For Daws to peck at?’
1823 J. G. Lockhart Reginald Dalton I. ii. vi. 172 This haughty old Ecclesiastic was far too much the man of the world to carry his heart upon his sleeve.
1865 Standard 19 June 5/1 It has pleased the plaintiff..to wear her heart upon her sleeve for daws to peck at.
1927 H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. T. Mann Magic Mountain (London ed.) I. v. 300 He himself did nothing to conceal his state... He inclined rather to wear his heart upon his sleeve.
1969 E. W. Emery Aunt Puss & Others 54 He didn't spill over with friendliness nor wear his heart on his sleeve.
2005 Elle Girl (U.K. ed.) Feb. 95/2 Even if you do find a bloke who's happy to wear his heart on his sleeve and shower you with gifts and public displays of affection, is that really you?
f. to have one's heart in the right place and variants: to have good or appropriate opinions, sympathies, etc. (often notwithstanding superficial indications to the contrary).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [phrase] > one means well
to have one's heart in the right place1674
1674 C. Cotton tr. B. de Montluc Commentaries i. 45 He had a great mind (as his heart was in a right place) to do something..before he retir'd.
1725 Plain Dealer 1 Jan. 2/2 There can be no-body, who is a Friend, either to Learning, or Humanity, and who has his Heart in the right Place, but must feel a generous Delight, in [etc.].
1778 Gentleman's & London Mag. June 349/1 The female pen, when the heart is in the right place, is tipped with elegance.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. i. xii. 107 God knows if his heart lay in the right place for all that!
1891 E. Kinglake Austral. at Home 117 Those who pass their lives in the bush generally have their heart in the right place, though they do love to play a new chum.
1918 C. E. Van Loan Fore! 211 When you can't think of anything else to say for a man, you can always say that his heart is in the right place. It sounds well, but it doesn't mean anything.
1968 F. Hardy Unlucky Australians 11 The old Territorian is a good bloke, rough as guts but his heart's in the right place.
2007 N. Rosen How to live Off-grid iv. 173 Although Hector is a mass of contradictions, I am certain his heart is in the right place.
P6. Miscellaneous phrases.
a. to be all heart.
(a) To be full of courage, spirit, pluck, etc. Cf. big-hearted adj. (a) at big adj. and adv. Compounds 2. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 295v Wherin if Alexander semed the stronger of bothe, that then it was no prouokyng of the young manne beeyng all herte [L. animosum iuuenem], and one that to dye for it could not abyde to haue any naye in his requestes.
1609 J. Davies Humours Heau'n on Earth 41 And now (all heart) she holdeth high the Head, Scorning her wonted dread.
1615 T. Bastard 12 Serm. iii. 48 A Christian should be all heart: For so much as we deduct out of courage and resolution for Gods cause: so much haue we forfeited of our being and subsisting to Christ.
1740 H. Fielding in Champion 7 June 309 His Greek Derivation from κῆρ ὅλος, or a Fellow that is all Heart.., doth not please me, as I find no such Name among the Greeks.
1829 Monthly Repository Mar. 205/1 The greatness of the American people, and of the country being ‘all heart’ during that momentous struggle.
1989 Guardian (Nexis) 9 Aug. She [sc. a filly] has to give weight to all of her rivals, but she is all heart.
(b) To be governed or dominated by one's feelings; to be of an exceptionally generous, magnanimous, kindly, or loving disposition. In later use frequently ironic. Cf. big-hearted adj. (b) at big adj. and adv. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1617 J. Davies Wits Bedlam sig. K3v Wer't thou not all heart, thou shouldst haue his Heart.
1792 C. Dibdin Hannah Hewit I. ii. iv. 148 His letter..proves he was all heart and could disguise nothing.
1825 J. Bennett Lect. Hist. Jesus Christ III. lxviii. 37 Mary..is all heart, and that heart all devotion, and that devotion all love for the Saviour.
1901 Des Moines (Iowa) Weekly Leader 7 Feb. 7/6 Though Bakulich's appearance is made forbidding by heavy black eyebrows and a fierce mustache, under the surface he is all heart and one of the kindest of men.
1964 G. Butler Coffin Waiting v. 64 She was so kind and loving... Angelica was all heart.
1987 Guardian (Nexis) 1 Aug. They're all heart at the..DHSS office. Consider the letter to a claimant..: ‘Further to your claim for reconnection charges to your cooker. Please forward medical evidence that cooked meals are essential.’
2000 J. Goodwin Danny Boy i. 19 Mr Dixon, all heart, says, ‘Of course, son, the dog's yours.’
2010 J. Richards Doctor Who: Apollo 23 vi. 68 ‘Back to his cell. This man is a dangerous criminal.’ ‘Oh you're all heart, aren't you,’ the Doctor told her.
b. to do a person's heart good: to make a person feel happy; to cheer or gladden a person.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)]
to mend a person's cheera1325
raisec1384
cherishc1400
rehetec1400
blithec1440
cheer1440
lightena1450
light?1473
embellish1481
hearten1524
exhilarate1540
laetificate1547
to cheer up1550
lift1572
to do a person's heart good1575
acheera1592
upcheerc1595
cherry1596
relevate1598
encheer1605
brighten1607
buoy1652
undumpisha1661
to lift (up) a person's spirits1711
cheerfulize1781
blithen1824
pearten1827
chirk1843
to chipper up1873
to chirp up188.
to buck up1909
1575 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 92 It doth my harte good..to use your soveraynetieshippes gaye and newfashionid words.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream i. ii. 67 I will roare, that I will doe any mans heart good to heare mee. View more context for this quotation
1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies ii. 10 It would doe a mans heart good to see how twinne-like hee and his songman couple.
1713 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. Nov. (1965) I. 201 He sighs and ogles, that it would do your heart good to see him.
1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VI. xvii. 71 I write a careless kind of a civil, nonsensical, good humoured Shandean book, which will do all your hearts good.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island I. iv. xviii. 142 It did all our hearts good to see him..make the blade sing through the air.
1932 Extension Mag. Feb. 40/1 The interest these good people take in their church would do your heart good.
1959 F. O'Connor Let. Feb. (1979) 321 It would have done your heart good to see all the marks on the copy, everything commented upon.
c.
(a) to —— one's heart out: to —— with great vigour or intensity, esp. to the point of exhaustion or as a way of giving full vent to one's feelings; to —— to the utmost. Cf. to —— one's head off at head n.1 Phrases 2c(b)(ii).
ΚΠ
1578 T. Lupton All for Money sig. B.iv He is not worthie to liue I make god a vowe, That will not worke his hearte out for both you.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. ii. 51 Nay, you shall fight your hearts out ere I part you. View more context for this quotation
1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 121 A person so in Trouble or Distress might pray his Heart out, and yet God not be in the least obliged by all his Prayers.
1774 P. Livingston Other Side of Question 6 Had he worked his heart out, 'twould not have budged an inch.
1886 C. M. Yonge Mod. Telemachus I. i. 15 Making him weary his very heart out.
1950 W. O. Douglas Of Men & Mountains xx. 277 A water ouzel..sat midstream on an ice-covered rock and sang his heart out.
1988 H. Forrester Yes, Mama 130 You could work your heart out and give 'em everything you earned, without keeping a meg for yourself.
2004 fRoots Apr. 91/3 The sheer joy of playing your heart out on a musical instrument.
(b) to cry (also sob, weep, etc.) one's heart out: to cry violently or uncontrollably. (In early use in figurative context.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > be violent [verb (intransitive)] > do anything violently
to cry (also sob, weep, etc.) one's heart out1732
whale1897
bulldoze1948
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > weep [verb (intransitive)] > copiously
to weep one's fill or bellyfula1290
to weep out one's eyes heartc1290
forweepa1375
to weep full a streeta1413
to cry (also weep, etc.) one's eyes outa1450
bawl1605
cry1705
to cry (also sob, weep, etc.) one's heart out1732
1732 Proc. Old Bailey 14 Jan. 46/2 I told her, If she cry'd her Heart out she should never have it.
1835 Ladies' Compan. Dec. 60/1 Throwing her arms around me, she wept as if she would have wept her heart out.
1857 P. Oswyn Liverpool Ho! xvi. 191 Gay Fanny sobbed her heart out nearly, when Clare told her the story of Whyte Harcombe's offer.
1888 M. Oliphant Joyce I. 169 When she had cried her heart out.
1952 T. Armstrong Adam Brunskill viii. 256 I were drying myself off after a wash all over when I heard Agnes crying her heart out.
2005 H. Mantel Beyond Black vi. 170 Many broke down and cried,..edging up the lucky pisky figurines and the brass finger-cymbals so they could sob their hearts out in comfort.
d. to let one's heart rule one's head and variants: to be governed by one's feelings rather than by rational or practical considerations. Similarly a person's heart rules his (or her) head.
ΚΠ
1836 Cincinnati Mirror & Western Gaz. Lit., Sci., & Arts 12 Mar. 50/2 I have already said too much. But the heart rules the head when we look upon the wretched career..of one fitted for the loftiest achievements.
1870 London Jrnl. 1 Feb. 8/1 Where a woman is concerned you are bound to be doubly careful. Their hearts rule their heads too often.
1883 K. T. Woods Duncans on Land & Sea xi. 168 Duncan must not let his heart rule his head.
1954 Life 28 June 119 (advt.) Don't ever let your heart rule your head—specially when you shop for cottons!
1988 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 18 Sept. We are two emotional people, but this time I couldn't let my heart rule my brain.
2007 J. F. Collier Falkland Pebbles 220 Would the age-gap ruin our chances of a happy future? My brain said ‘yes’ but sometimes you have to let your heart rule your head.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.Some early compounds of this type may in fact show the reflex of Old English genitive compounds, rather than genuine attributive compounds, but if so they may still have set the pattern for later attributive formations. Cf. heart-blood n., heart-hardness n. at Compounds 1b(b), heart-root n., heartsore n., heart will n. at Compounds 1b(b), etc.
a.
(a) Of or relating to the heart as an organ (see sense A. 1a).Some of the more established compounds of this type are entered separately.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. xlii. 848 Epistites is a litel stoon..and makeþ a man siker þat bereþ it in þe hert syde.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 426 Hee thinketh that the water which is found in the heart purse is a portion of our drinke.
1657 J. Rowland tr. J. Johnstone Hist. Wonderful Things of Nature iv. ix. 98 If to women, sick of the Mother, or fainting of heart pains, a small cup of water be exhibited, wherein so much Camphir is burned as a hazel-nut, it presently helps.
1830 Periscope June in Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. 13 279/2 The preternatural pulsation of the carotids and heart symptoms, pointed out with almost unerring certainty more general affection of the arch.
1887 Med. Rec. 28 May 620/1 Numerous instances of heart-injury were given.
1901 Lancet 28 Dec. 1793/1 The rarity of heart tubercles is explained by the scarcity of cells or cavities..between the muscular fibres of the heart.
1916 O. T. Osborne Disturbances Heart (ed. 2) 12 (heading) Tests of heart strength.
1922 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 3 June 1752/1 Roentgen-ray measurements of the size of the heart were made during the attacks and during the normal slow heart rhythm.
1978 N.Y. Mag. 13 Feb. 96/1 In 1956 he won..the Nobel prize in physiology and medicine for the development of a technique of heart catheterization.
2006 Indianapolis Monthly Aug. 250/1 Women's heart symptoms can be dramatically different from men's.
(b)
heart action n.
ΚΠ
1847 Med. Times 31 July 456/1 The heart action was perfectly regular and natural.
1929 P. Bowles Let. 29 Nov. in In Touch (1994) 17 I realize my heart-action has been accelerated considerably. I am forced to reason back..to discover the cause.
2002 R. Porter Blood & Guts iii. 65 The Pisan Giovanni Borelli and other iatro-physicists..studied muscle behaviour, gland secretions, heart action, respiration and neural response.
heart ailment n.
ΚΠ
1866 A. W. Barclay Gout & Rheumatism iv. 83 It is by no means difficult to show that the proportion of heart ailments is very much reduced by its employment.
1954 H. J. Otto Elem. School Organization & Admin. (ed. 3) xii. 521 The lowered vitality group includes..those who have heart ailments or allergies.
2002 Nat. Health Oct. 34/1 Ayurvedic doctors have used the bark to treat heart ailments for more than 300 years.
heart beating n.
ΚΠ
1598 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Praxis Med. Vniuersalis viii. xii. 742 The loosings wherein this oyle [sc. oyle of amber] is baked..be good against all swouning and hartbeating.
1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena iv. 122 Seeing the slave appeare before him, he (rising off the table with a great heart-beating) asked him what he would have?
1753 World 22 Nov. 288 I shall never forget the flutterings and heart-beatings I felt upon the honour that was done me.
1893 Social Economist 5 174 A new bookbinding machine is causing much heart-beating in that industry.
1993 Bioelectrochem. & Bioenergetics 30 305 In cases of regular heartbeating, the heart was irradiated with a pulse repetition rate a little higher than the unperturbed natural heart rate.
2012 F. K. Gleason & R. Chollet Plant Biochem. vii. 110/2 Cardenolides and synthetic analogs are used to treat irregular heart beating in humans.
heart clot n.
ΚΠ
1849 C. D. Meigs in Med. Examiner 12 141 (title) The heart-clot.
1921 Med. Clinics N. Amer. 4 1007 Although heart-clot is often assigned as the cause of sudden death in diphtheria, pneumonia, and typhoid fever, this is rarely correct.
1957 Bridgeport (Connecticut) Telegram 12 Dec. 61/2 Clyde Pangborn..was admitted to a hospital today suffering from a heart clot.
1989 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 118 571/1 There seem to be two different mechanisms involved in the formation of right-sided heart clot.
2006 Western Mail (Nexis) 15 Nov. 3 There was the US study that suggested the antioxidants in Guinness may work as well as aspirin in preventing heart clots.
heart complaint n.
ΚΠ
1845 Bentley's Misc. 17 582 Some said she had taken cold at Major Ebersdorf's marriage..; others said that she had a heart complaint.
1992 Dogs Today Dec. 39/3 This method should never be used with dogs which..suffer from any form of heart complaint.
2006 Men's Health Aug. 96/3 He has been famously hospitalised with a minor heart complaint.
heart condition n.
ΚΠ
1861 J. R. Reynolds Epilepsy Contents p. xxvii Heart-condition of twelve epileptics.
1876 E. Payne Rheumatism & Gout 27 If a heart condition is not recognised, or, if recognised, improperly dealt with, or left to go its own way.
1958 Listener 13 Nov. 778/2 Before cleaning a car..be certain you haven't a heart condition.
2000 Independent 8 Aug. i. 1/5 Sir Robin, who had a heart condition, died on Sunday night.
heart failure n.
ΚΠ
1874 Lancet 30 May 761/2 The small bulk of urine of high specific gravity which, when persistent, is so characteristic of heart failure.
a1910 ‘O. Henry’ Rolling Stones (1912) 165 ‘Read this,’ he said, ‘here is proof that Marie Cusheau died of heart failure.’
1960 I. A. Stanton Dict. for Med. Secretaries 68/1 Occasionally heart failure denotes a sudden cessation of heart action, but generally it merely means insufficient circulation.
2009 Bark Nov. 54/1 Wildlife in traps may..die of ‘capture myopathy’, heart failure from stress.
heart murmur n. [murmur n. 5]
ΚΠ
1853 Dublin Q. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 16 442 As aneurism can generate sounds like the heart-sounds, so they can change them to murmurs identical with the heart-murmurs.
1917 W. A. Evans How to keep Well xxxiii. 594 A man with a heart murmur must be extra careful to keep up his general muscle tone.
1989 L. Zolf Scorpions for Sale ix. 48 Saul's rheumatic fever had left him with a heart murmur.
2003 G. Kolata Ultimate Fitness iii. 51 Athletes tended to have large hearts and irregular heart beats. They often had heart murmurs.
heart muscle n.
ΚΠ
1851 J. J. G. Wilkinson Human Body iv. 240 The whole of the muscular battalions, proceeding downwards in ranks from the eye muscles on the one hand, and outwards in fraternities from the heart muscle on the other.
1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xviii. 362 The heart muscle of the vertebrates..is in its physiological characters intermediate between striped and plain muscle.
2010 Independent 2 Feb. (Life section) 9/1 My main left artery, the one inside the heart that feeds the heart muscle with blood and oxygen, had unravelled and fallen apart.
heart patient n.
ΚΠ
1905 Med. News 18 Nov. 982/2 I tried this with several of my heart patients, where an operation was necessary.
1980 Amer. Speech 55 52 Nitroglycerine sublingual tablets given to heart patients for angina.
2006 Daily Tel. 5 Sept. 9/4 Researchers..found that heart patients put through their paces on the dance floor got very nearly as fit as those who cycled in a gym.
heart pill n.
ΚΠ
1896 Med. Summary June 103/2 I use..a heart pill after Dr. Hale's formula.
1914 Indianapolis Star 27 Mar. I have heart palpitation, irregular pulse and dizziness. Are heart pills any good?
1991 Observer 22 Sept. 17/7 [They] swapped one activist's heart pills in his aircraft luggage to induce rather than prevent a heart attack.
heart rate n.
ΚΠ
1870 Glasgow Med. Jrnl. 2 234 Difficulty of breathing, diminished heart-rate, full pulse, giddiness, tottering, and then the animal falls.
1936 Discovery 291/2 Adrenalin, by increasing the heart rate..facilitates the passage of the current.
2010 Esquire Oct. 149/3 An F1 driver's heart rate can hit 190bpm [= beats per minute] during a race.
heart strain n.
ΚΠ
1877 Lancet 15 Sept. 386/1 Where the residual dilatation is the result of extraordinary or unusual exertion—heart strain as it is termed..—this murmur is often the only detectable sign of [etc.].
1909 Daily Chron. 21 Aug. 6/2 Heartstrain and contraction of the joints.
2006 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 May 1263/1 In patients with signs of cor pulmonale, electrocardiography may show typical changes of chronic right sided heart strain.
heart surgery n.
ΚΠ
1896 Constit. (Atlanta) 24 May 24/3 Heart surgery is a possibility suggested by a prominent surgeon.
1970 S. Lubell Hidden Crisis Amer. Politics vii. 222 Technological improvements in health care such as lung and kidney machines or heart surgery are..so costly that only society can pay the bills.
2006 Washington Post 2 Jan. a6/1 One article examined 18 years of research on aprotinin, a drug used to reduce bleeding during heart surgery.
heart trace n. [trace n.1 8]
ΚΠ
1874 B. W. Foster Clin. Med. ix. 306 On several occasions the heart-trace was taken by the cardiograph, and the trace below..represents the form of the apex beat.
1987 Times (Nexis) 27 Aug. If a heart trace is abnormal, it tells you something's got to be done now.
2008 Internat. Jrnl. Obstetr. Anesthesia 17 94/2 The fetal heart trace was reassuring.
heart trouble n.
ΚΠ
1870 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 9 July 32/2 After the second puncture the heart-troubles wholly ceased.
1881 Detroit Lancet Apr. 435/1 The man has had an attack of pneumonia... Secondly, he has heart trouble.
1962 I. Asimov Chemicals of Life (ed. 2) vii. 91 Beri-beri..has many serious symptoms, including nervous disorders and heart trouble.
2003 Daily Tel. 17 June 16/3 Erectile dysfunction could be a sign of heart trouble.
heart tube n.
ΚΠ
1866 R. Owen On Anat. Vertebr. I. xii. 631 The first circulation in an amniotic embryo may be described as passing from the heart-tube by vascular arches to the ‘dorsal artery’, which supplies the parts of the embryo.
1881 Trans. Obstetr. Soc. 22 78 An abnormal amount of tension on the primitive heart-tube.
1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xiv. 488 The peritoneal linings of the two cavities grow to surround the heart tube.
2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 21 Dec. d5/3 The embryo's primitive heart tube folds in the reverse of normal, and the heart's apex is positioned on the right, not the left [in dextrocardia].
heart wall n.
ΚΠ
1632 tr. G. Bruele Praxis Medicinæ 50 The part affected is the heart-walls [L. præcordia], or part of the midriffe.
1851 J. J. G. Wilkinson Human Body 251 Desire then is the heart-void or cavity, imagination is the heart-wall, our present state is the heart-valve, and our hopes of the future are the heart-orifices.
1858 B. W. Richardson Cause Coagulation of Blood 88 The right and left ventricles contained each a concretion, attached by several peduncles to the heart wall.
1952 J. A. Ramsay Physiol. Approach Lower Animals ii. 34 In arthropods the heart-beat is initiated and conducted to the heart muscle by nerve cells situated in the heart wall.
1995 McGill Jrnl. Med. Spring 57/2 It was in that same year [1896] that Rehn succeeded in repairing a 1.5 cm right ventricular stab wound..by suturing the heart wall.
b.
(a) Chiefly literary and poetic. Of, for, or relating to the heart as the seat of a person's feelings, thoughts, inclinations, etc. (see branch A. II.).Some of the more established compounds of this type are entered separately.
ΚΠ
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 45 Unbiliefde manne..ne mai godes lare understanden for his herte hardnesse.
a1450 ( in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 35 (MED) Ȝe mot hit [sc. sin] shewe, wiþ herte sorwe, To a prest and weel ȝow shryue.
c1450 (a1375) Octavian (Calig.) (1979) l. 753 Clement abatede hys herte ylle And lefte hys cheste.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xvi. xxii To devyde my joye and my hert torment.
1633 T. Cotton Let. in Corr. J. Cotton (2001) 177 For the better part, Heart-Religion, They content themselves with very Forms.
1647 S. Rutherford Christ Dying 280 The diseased Woman hath heart-Logick within her self, if a touch of the border of his garment may heale me, then Ile goe to Christ.
1710 A. Philips Pastorals iv. 162 Who can relieve Heart-anguish sore.
1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Sixth 14 Heart-merit wanting, mount we ne'er so high, Our Height is but the Gibbet of our Name.
1822 Cambro-Briton 3 250 Like walking over pointed steel, So painful is heart-pining.
1829 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 323/1 It was plain that the heart-ill was upon him.
1878 E. Henderson Poems 44 The heart-woes that lie hidden, Deep, so deep, that none can see.
1893 ‘M. Twain’ in Cosmopolitan Nov. 61/2 Oh, the heart-lift that was in those words!
1922 Rotarian Feb. 53/3 A group of feelings, or heart promptings, or qualities of thought and action that seem to have animated men at all times.
1990 N. Baker Room Temperature xiii. 102 My mother, who I think loved my sister and me to the point of heart-hoarseness.
2010 R. Tremain Trespass (2011) 48 I'd forgotten this, he thought: the feeling of arrival; the heart-lift.
(b)
heart agony n.
ΚΠ
1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone ii. 31 That dimness of heart agony.
1973 I. Murdoch Black Prince 311 I threw the letter on to the table and ran out to the door in heart-agony.
2008 B. Ryan Back to Stone Age ix. 85 The fire here does not have to be a metaphor of heart agony.
† heart-brest n. [brest n.] Obsolete
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 4283 (MED) What is more herte brest þen want of þing þat men loue best.
a1500 Treat. Ghostly Battle in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 428 Ther ys ane olde prouerbe that, ne hope were, herte wolde breste; and ther shalle be neyther herte-breste ne hope off releuyng.
heart corruption n.
ΚΠ
1618 W. Whately New Birth iv. 27 He feeles his vnbeliefe, pride, ignorance, hypocrisie, and other heart-corruptions.
1785 Enq. Use & Office Moral Law ix. 230 The mighty power of unbelief, heart corruption, and satan's temptations.
1884 Gospel Banner Mar. 68 Were it not for the tinder of heart corruption, the devil would soon grow weary of throwing into the soul the poisonous sparks of his infernal temptations.
2010 M. A. Warren Ellen White on Preaching iv. 64 Spending one hour each day..in mourning over your failings and heart corruptions.
heart-depth n.
ΚΠ
1835 T. Wade Mundi et Cordis 47 Its dead limbs oppress'd and shatter 'd By the strong wings of wind and storm, And frozen in its heart-depths warm.
1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral xi. 275 Elizabeth had no..comprehension of the heart-depth of that Puritanism which thus opposed or slighted her mandates.
2001 K. Walters Practicing Presence iii. 74 The silent heart-depth which, being like God, is totally receptive to God.
heart grief n.
ΚΠ
1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Tristesse et douleur de cueur, sorowe, or hartgriefe.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1339 In my midst of sorrow and heart-grief To shew them feats, and play before thir god. View more context for this quotation
1766 Hist. Sir C. Beaufort xlix. 249 The signs of such heart-grief.
1932 T. E. Lawrence tr. Homer Odyssey (new ed.) xviii. 251 Would but chaste Artemis..save me an eternity of heart-grief and sickness for my peerless lord.
2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons (2007) 393 Time again for heart grief.
heart-grudge n. rare
ΚΠ
1587 R. Holinshed et al. Hist. Eng. (new ed.) iv. xx. 53/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Which..was to them an occasion of hartgrudge.
1911 J. Vaizey Question of Marriage xxv. 314 To a just and generous nature it is impossible to cherish a heart-grudge where the head has pronounced absolution.
heart-hardness n.
ΚΠ
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) ix. 76 Þæt wite ðe we ðrowiað tobrece ure heortan heardnysse.]
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 45 Unbiliefde manne..ne mai godes lare understanden for his herte hardnesse.
a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xix. 73 Moosees..did suffer iou to loos iourselves from yor wiifes for iour harthardnes.
1863 A. B. Grosart Small Sins (ed. 2) 50 (note) The gushing lip-kindness with heart-hardness of many.
1996 A. Morino et al. tr. J. Turgeon From Alcoholism to Serenity ii. 61 Suffering is met with warmth and heart-hardness gives way to forgiveness.
heart-hate n.
ΚΠ
1875 Ld. Tennyson Queen Mary iii. vi. 170 A fierce resolve and fixt heart-hate.
1935 T. Wolfe Of Time & River ii. xxxvi. 293 Her voice even lower with the low blood-pain heart-hate hoarse becoming.
heart-hatred n.
ΚΠ
1649 S. Rutherford Free Disputation 65 The heart-hatred, which is seen to God only, doth essentially constitute murther punishable by the Judge.
a1806 C. J. Fox Hist. James II (1808) iii. 210 With a heart-hatred of popery, prelacy, and all superstition.
1907 P. Wright in W. S. MacTavish Missionary Pathfinders xxiii. 260 His stirring appeals..were equally adapted to inspire a deep heart-hatred of the traffic.
heart-heaving n.
ΚΠ
1700 W. Congreve Way of World iv. 66 The Trances, and the Tremblings, the Ardors and the Ecstacies, the Kneelings and the Riseings, the Heart-heavings.
1837 M. W. Shelley Falkner II. ii. 44 I will not pause to narrate..the heart-heavings with which he heard allusions made to the divorce case before the Lords.
1898 T. Hardy Wessex Poems 137 ‘Where dwells the Canon's kinswoman, My friend of aforetime?’—('Twas hard to repress my heart-heavings And new ecstasy.)
1979 N. Lyons Locked Jaws i. 21 I got shin splints and arch pains and heart heavings so great I promptly had to sit down on the bench outside the fence.
heart-longing n.
ΚΠ
c1390 Swete Ihesu Now (Vernon) l. 151 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 14 (MED) Þou askest me non oþer þyng But trewe loue and herte longyng [a1400 Royal in al wyrkynge] And loue-teres and stille mournyng.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxi. 252 We haue had for the Mekill hart-stangyng; Bot at last shall we be Out of hart-langyng.
1819 J. Gamble Views Soc. & Manners North of Irel. vii. 49 The heart-longing with which these poor people looked forward to release from their wearisome captivity.
2000 C. Theide Inside Log Homes p. x/1 This journey..is mostly about the places inside our homes—where we take our heart-longings and shape our own cabin ethic.
heart-rising n.
ΚΠ
1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie xxxvii. 222 Ye must looke whether ye haue not some hartrisings and eagernesse in you.
1642 E. Symmons Foure Serm. iii. 100 Without any hatred or heart-rising against any that are meanes of the same.
1800 Connecticut Evangelical Mag. July 24/1 While in this situation, they have generally been sensible of dreadful heart-risings against God, and his government.
1900 St. Nicholas Jan. 243/2 As the master spoke, the negroes remembered with heart-risings the brief time to the day of days.
heart service n. (cf. eye-service n., lip service n.)
ΚΠ
1741 J. Wilford Memorials & Characters 498 To her Servants, she demeaned herself so mildly, as if they had..been..a Sort of inferior Friends: Which Deportment, won her, from them..Heart Service, instead of Eye Service.
1899 J. Moore Passion of Rosamund Keith xxvi. 273 It is not lip service that I want—but heart service.
1989 P. Cloke Rural Land-use Planning in Developed Nations xi. 280 How do governments maintain their traditional support for agricultural and landowning interests while paying at least lip-service and some heart-service to the increasingly important conservation interests?
heart sin n.
ΚΠ
a1622 N. Byfield Serm. 10 First Verses 3rd Chapter 1st Epist. S. Peter (1626) (4) 77 All inordinate desires, and raigning heart-sinnes, whether sinnes of ambition, lust, malice, or the like.
1842 H. E. Manning Serm. iii. 38 A heart-sin, indulged in secret, which eats into their whole spiritual life.
1991 K. Sande Peacemaker vi. 95 Whether a sin should be confessed to other people as well as to God depends on whether it was a ‘heart sin’ or a ‘social sin’. Since a heart sin takes place only in your thoughts, it does not directly affect others.
heart sorrow n.
ΚΠ
a1450 ( in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 35 (MED) Ȝe mot hit [sc. sin] shewe, wiþ herte sorwe, To a prest and weel ȝow shryue.
1754 Coll. Hymns Children of God in All Ages (Moravian Church) i. 353/1 I liv'd in proud conceit, Knew nothing of heart-sorrow.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. viii. 152 Smitten with a heart sorrow, and having no more notion of concealment than a sick animal.
1998 H. Holzer Lincoln Mailbag p. xxxiv Some letters were so full of the deepest heart sorrows that the eyes of the reader flooded with tears.
† heart will n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
OE Prayers (Arundel 155) xxxv, in Anglia (1963) 81 95 Quam intimo cordis affectu..tibi preces fundo : of hu micelum incundan heortan willan þe bena ic forþsende.]
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 9 Ȝif hwa is swa sunful..þet nulle..for his fule heorte wil his scrift ihalden.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 7574 For ȝyf þou myȝtyst, þou wuldest do..Þou art a lechoure yn þat kas, Þyn hertewyl ys grete trespas.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1932) III. 21062 Wherfore now seith on ȝowre herte wylle.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 166v Pantasilia..Hit hym so heturly with a hert wille Þat he hurlit down hedlonges to þe hard erthe.
heart worship n. (cf. eye-worship n. at eye n.1 Compounds 4, lip-worship n.)
ΚΠ
1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 347 The lip-worship they may have..but the Heart-worship they shall never have.
1844 Ld. Leigh Walks in Country 8 And ceremonial pageant supersedes Heart-worship, vital principal of creeds!
1992 H. W. House & K. M. Durham Living wisely in Foolish World (1997) vii. 124 The sage observed that God desires heart worship over material presence.
heart wound n.
ΚΠ
1652 A. Burgess Spiritual Refining lcccii. 490 When shall the two edged Sword of the word give such heart-wounds!
1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 269 Her heart-wound.
1906 Westm. Gaz. 3 Aug. 10/2 The faint, fine smell of new-mown grass Stabs like a heart-wound as I pass.
1991 N.Y. Mag. 25 Feb. 114/2 He bears..a heart wound caused by the babyishness and underachievement of his only son.
c. Designating something having the shape of a heart (sense A. 24).
ΚΠ
1702 Post Man 21–23 May (advt.) Lost... A Locket in the shape of a Heart.., another Heart Locket set with Diamonds.
1756 F. Brooke Old Maid No. 36. 215 Delicate Heart-cakes, a penny a piece.
1804 S. A. Hook Secret Machinations II. vi. 261 Now would I give my silver heart-box..to know what vow the count has made.
1885 Old London Cries 29 ‘Spanish Chestnuts’; ‘Ripe Turkey Figs’; ‘Heart Cakes’.
1909 V. Miller Standard Recipes for Ice Cream Makers 95 These moulds..consist of 2 lids, 1 drum, 1 heart center and 1 round lid with a heart cut out of the center.
1944 Billboard 11 Mar. 35/3 Club favors, a red-and-white linen handkerchief in a red-and-white heart box.
1994 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 12 Jan. (Metro North section) 4/6 Make a new winter centerpiece for your table and a potpourri heart wreath.
2002 Orange Coast May 30 (caption) Her husband supplied the jewel-encrusted heart pendant.
d. Chiefly North American. Designating timber made from the heartwood of a specified tree (cf. sense A. 15), as heart cypress, heart oak, etc.; similarly in heart lumber, heart timber. See also heart lath n., heart pine n.
ΚΠ
1670 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) xxxi. 182 There are three [sorts of lath], viz. Heart-oak, Sap-Lathes, and Deal-Lathes.
1753 in Lower Norfolk Co. Virginia Antiquary (1905) V. 125 The covering of the said Chappel to be of good heart Cypress Shingles.
1791 in C. R. Lounsbury Courthouses Early Virginia (2005) iii. 97 Made from heart lumber.
1832 6th Ann. Rep. Baltimore & Ohio Rail Road Co. 97 In no instance has a piece of heart timber..given way; but several new string pieces have been inserted..where the iron rail had been suffered to rest upon the sap part of the wood.
1844 G. Emerson Johnson's Farmer's Encycl. (new ed.) 386/1 In this country firkins of heart-ash are preferred.
1858 J. H. Hammond Farmer's & Mechanic's Pract. Architect 102 The front door 2 inches thick, made of pure heart lumber.
1919 Jrnl. Polynesian Soc. 28 180 The bark..had been scored down one side by the Maoris, the intention being to cause the heart-timber to rot while the outer timber continued growing.
1956 D. Pratt & R. Pratt Guide Early Amer. Homes 214 The Governor's Home and Capitol (1820) is a simple, almost primitive structure,..built of oak logs covered with red heart-cypress siding.
2002 J. E. Lancaster Judge Harley & his Boys 34 The family said he chose the largest and tallest pines on his property and used only the heart lumber for the new house.
2009 T. K. Kirk Trop. Trees Florida & Virgin Islands 105 The sapwood is light brown and the heartwood a deep reddish-brown, resembling heart mahogany.
C2.
a. Objective with agent nouns, verbal nouns, and participles. Chiefly with reference to the heart as the seat of feelings, etc. (see branch A. II.).
heart-affecting adj.
ΚΠ
1641 W. Hooke New Englands Teares Pref. sig. Aijv As for this Sermon, expect not eare-pleasing, but heart-affecting phrases in it.
1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm v. 112 The heart-affecting matters of piety and virtue.
2010 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 9 July 46 I can recognise a heart-affecting love story (and a good film) when I see one.
heart-biting n. and adj.
ΚΠ
1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. St. Paule to Galathians xiii. f. 107v Suche as are sufficiently tormented wyth inwarde heartbyting, and yet seeke no remedie nor comfort.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xii. 190 Consider..the hart-bitings..which he indureth.
1881 W. S. Baddeley Leg. Death Antar 174 Winter..sternly binds Earth's beauty with heart-biting winds.
1921 G. B. Shaw Back to Methuselah i. i. 15 Eve [turning impatiently to the snake] That heart-biting sound again!
2002 J. J. R. Burman Hindu-Muslim Syncretic Shrines & Communities iii. 214 Some heart biting of the non-Muslims could also be felt. A little bit of differentiation between Muslim–Non-Muslim has now cropped up in the village.
heart-cheering adj.
ΚΠ
1615 S. Rowlands Melancholie Knight 4 Corne, precious odours, spice, heart cheering wine.
1847 G. B. Cheever Wanderings Pilgrim xxv. 165 It was heart cheering to hear a Bishop of the Church of England..take these simple themes.
2010 Metro (Nexis) 16 Nov. 12 A heart-cheering eatery whose spaghetti with tomato and rocket pesto was [etc.].
heart-chilling adj.
ΚΠ
1685 S. Wesley Maggots 17 Heart-chilling fear, and black despair around,The fearful, desperate Micean camp resound.
1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 177 In darkness and heart-chilling fears.
1994 Chapman No. 77. 4 That spirit-sapping, soul-crushing, heart-chilling colonial cultural cringe.
† heart-conner n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1563 J. Man tr. W. Musculus Common Places Christian Relig. f. 45 He that made man..is aptly called Cardiognostes, that is, The hart-conner.
heart-corroding adj.
ΚΠ
a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) v. 67 The heart-corroding Fangs Of griping Care.
1835 S. J. B. Hale Traits Amer. Life 137 When the heart-corroding trouble of Mr. Morey had broken his constitution,..it was his affectionate wife that was..about his bed.
2011 M. J. McConahay Maya Roads vii. 209 Once begun it [sc. war] has a mind of its own,..creating a million unique, heart-corroding stories.
† heart-disposer n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1654 J. Trapp Comm. Esther v. 2 God the great Heart-disposer so ordered it.
heart-dulling adj.
ΚΠ
c1630 Soddered Citizen (1936) ii. 51 Wher's this heart dullinge Trashe, this money?
1898 A. Ollivant Owd Bob i. iv. 41 That is at any time a heart-dulling tramp: over the Silver Lea, up the never-ending Pass, [etc.].
1979 PMLA 94 479/1 His response to the mind- and heart-dulling ‘mœurs de province’ spares neither men nor women.
heart-easing adj.
ΚΠ
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. M3v Heart-easing words. View more context for this quotation
1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 31 In Heav'n ycleap'd Euphrosyne, And by men, heart-easing Mirth.
1857 ‘G. Eliot’ Mr Gilfil's Love-story ii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 696/2 The flood-gates were opened, and the heart-easing stream gushed forth.
1990 Strad June 498/1 A speed for the Lento that avoids monotony..and generates a lovely shaping of the heart-easing melodies.
heart-eating adj.
ΚΠ
1607 T. Tomkis Lingua iii. ii. E4v A company of studious Paper-wormes and leane Schollers, and niggardly scraping Vsurers, & a troupe of heart-eating enuious persons.
1871 R. W. Buchanan Drama of Kings iii. 287 Heart-eating ennui.
1948 S. C. Chew in A. C. Baugh Lit. Hist. Eng. iii. iii. x. 1102 It was the same story of heart-eating labor, and poverty its reward.
2007 R. Reid et al. Central Amer. on Shoestring (ed. 6) 44/2 If carvings of decapitated skulls and heart-eating eagles..don't satisfy you, then come for the acoustics of a Pink Floyd show.
heart-expanding adj.
ΚΠ
1744 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons (new ed.) 134 A gayly-checker'd Heart-expanding View.
1922 People's Home Jrnl. July 13/1 His lean face..relaxed and grew warm with a flood of heart-expanding memories as he read it.
2011 A. Judd All that is Bitter & Sweet xxi. 358 He was..an angel from God who blessed me with an incredible experience, rare and heart-expanding.
heart-freezing adj.
ΚΠ
1784 W. Hayley Happy Prescription ii, in Plays of Three Acts 34 The same heart-freezing vanity still you discern.
1932 Collier's 9 Jan. 48/3 Meeting her eyes, he felt a sudden heart-freezing panic.
1993 New Yorker 20 Sept. 112/2 There are heart-freezing moments here as he pulls and straightens her reluctant limbs.
heart-fretting adj.
ΚΠ
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. v. sig. E8 Disquiet and hartfretting payne. View more context for this quotation
1797 S. T. Coleridge Poems (ed. 2) 58 Heart-fretting Fear, with pallid look aghast.
1901 Metaphysical Mag. May 326 Pure, faithful lives are thrown open to vice and wickedness—followed either by utter apathy and indifference or heart-fretting despair.
heart-gnawing adj.
ΚΠ
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. iv. 237 Radigund full of heart-gnawing griefe, For the rebuke, which she sustain'd that day, Could take no rest. View more context for this quotation
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. lxi. 271 Heart-gnawing cares corrode my pensive breast!
2007 N. Perumov Godsdoom 263 I felt hatred, the kind of heavy, heart-gnawing hatred that clouds the eyes with a crimson mist.
heart-hardening adj.
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a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. i. 26 Thou hast oft beheld Heart-hardning spectacles. View more context for this quotation
1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More Ded. p. iv Ere heart-hardening bigotry..With sour defeature marr'd his countenance.
2011 Observer (Nexis) 27 Feb. 64 You'll need a few such heart-hardening moments to build up your strength for the trials that are yet to come.
heart-holding adj.
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1871 Monthly Packet Feb. 208 In the sweetness of the pleasant smile she gave to the sufferers..he saw the deep-seated heart-holding love and joy reflected.
1913 E. F. Benson Thorley Weir iv. 131 Things fairer and more heart-holding.
1961 S. Sargent (title) The heart-holding mountains.
heart-lifter n.
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1890 Education Feb. 365 The music..will prove to be..a continual heart-lifter and heart refiner.
1959 New Statesman 25 Apr. 576/3 The heart-lifter that I chanced to hear was well up to her standard.
2011 Austral. Mag. (Nexis) 15 Oct. 14 Kindness is about people who are heart-lifters, not heart sinkers.
heart-melting adj.
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1642 E. Calamy Gods Free Mercy Eng. 2 There are but two wayes to cure a stony heart: either by the heart-cutting threatnings of the Law, or by the heart-melting mercies of the Gospell.
1785 R. Burns Commonplace Bk. (1965) 38 There is..a heart-melting tenderness in some of these ancient ballads.
1834 T. Arnett Jrnl. (1884) 133 I..held a good and heart-melting meeting... The Lord's power was present to our humble administration.
2009 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 11 June 26/3 [The] singsong girls..were famous for their heart-melting Suzhou accents and cheongsam gowns split to the armpit.
heart-moving adj.
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1607 M. Drayton Legend Cromwel 2 Heart-mouing musicke.
1892 W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen ii. 36 A long heart-moving history.
2001 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 23 Nov. 13 Some of the most heart-moving stories one listens to here come..from the refugees driven out of Afghanistan.
heart-purifying adj.
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1668 J. Flavell Saint Indeed 11 Earnest Supplications and instant Prayer for heart-purifying and rectifying Grace.
1885 Brit. Friend 43 97/2 It is a heart-felt, a heart-changing, and a heart-purifying work,..to be taught to us by lesson after lesson in the school of Christ.
1971 Anderson (Indiana) Sunday Herald 4 Apr. 8 In speaking of the work of God among the Gentiles, Simon Peter says it is a heart-purifying experience.
heart-ravishing adj.
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a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. B4 This hart-rauishing knowledge.
1898 J. N. Baskett ‘At You-all's House’ iii. 18 Dolly,..with her hair in two long, heart-ravishing braids,..waited upon the table.
2007 H. Gilbert Unfolding Myst. ii. v. 42 This is love, overwhelming, mind-blowing, heart-ravishing love.
heart-robbing adj.
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1595 E. Spenser Amoretti xxxix, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. C5 A melting pleasance..me reuiued with hart robbing gladnesse.
1876 B. De Jongh ‘We are Worldlings’ I. xi. 200 This heart-robbing, reason-robbing glance was succeeded by one as flattering and as ensnaring.
2007 K. Andersen Heyday xlix. 462 Why, Priscilla wondered, was such a heart-robbing wonder called Chimney Rock?
heart-shaking adj.
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1639 W. Harrison Two Treat. i. ix. 129 The other heart-shaking place to this purpose, is that of our Saviour, Ioh. 16. 26.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 23 But oh th' important budget! usher'd in With..heart-shaking music.
1910 Daily Chron. 7 Jan. 6/4 Swiftly and with heart-shaking terror events began to pass judgment.
1992 D. Tartt Secret Hist. 158 It was heart-shaking. Glorious. Torches, dizziness, singing. Wolves howling around us and a bull bellowing in the dark.
heart-sickening adj.
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1794 W. Godwin Things As They Are III. vi. 98 No idea is more heart-sickening and tremendous than this.
1820 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 449 Can anything be more heart-sickening to such a philanthropist?
1974 J. Heller Something Happened 172 It was a chilling, heart-sickening experience for us.
heart-stirring adj.
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1759 Universal Mag. Sept. 144/1 Let the heart-stirring drum With true subjects come, And music for Ferdinand play.
1831 R. Blakey Ess. Good & Evil vi. 91 These heart-stirring and delightful emotions.
1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xix. 214 Mr. Phillips gave Mark Antony's oration..in the most heart-stirring tones.
2001 Nation 6 Aug. 43/3 Foreign films without huge promotional budgets are delivering offbeat, heart-stirring cinematic experiences.
heart-swelling adj.
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1599 E. Ford Parismenos ii. sig. C2 Extreame Heartes-sorrowe and inwarde griefes, stopt the passage of his speeche, and was restrained with heart-swelling Sighes.
1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park III. vi. 127 Her happiness was of a quiet, deep, heart-swelling sort. View more context for this quotation
2008 A. Evans Iceland ix. 255 There's..a heart-swelling view over the fjord.
heart-tearing adj.
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1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania i. 30 He would not be denied, but needes must know the truth; which..with heart-tearing griefe I discoursed to him.
1804 Sporting Mag. Sept. 300 Among the personages who took a part in this dreadful tragedy, one interesting and heart-tearing group attracted my particular attention.
2004 E. Hoffman After Such Knowl. v. 152 The heart-tearing grievousness of a child being forced into..such a consciousness of death.
heart-thrilling adj.
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1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ii. sig. Cc7 With hart-thrilling throbs and bitter stowre.
1751 G. West Education 24 Heart-thrilling Cries, with Sobbs and Singults sore.
1846 J. Keble Lyra Innocentium 338 Some heart-thrilling chime, Some Dorian movement, bold or grave.
2010 Irish Times (Nexis) 10 July 9 They..came from behind in a heart-thrilling finish.
heart-tickling adj.
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a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. v. sig. Ll5v What a hart-tickling ioy it is.
1875 J. A. Harrison Group of Poets & their Haunts 84 Pleasant noises of far-away laughter sweet almost to tears, wit caught and etherealized to a heart-tickling echo.
1989 New York 13 Mar. 75/1 Gus and Al is so engaging, so heart-tickling a comedy that [etc.].
heart-tugger n.
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1931 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 13 Mar. 16/1 The exhibition was unparalleled in Lowell this season, excepting..the Textile-Villanova heart-tugger awhile back.
1979 Newsweek (Nexis) 9 Apr. 87 This lavish remake of the 1931 heart-tugger about a washed-up prizefighter and his adoring son.
2007 J. S. Bell Try Dying 111 A real heart tugger..about how he got his life together after being on drugs.
heart-tugging adj.
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1844 S. Lover Treasure Trove xlvii. 368 When the hour of parting came, it was not without pain and many a heart-tugging grasp of..hands.
1906 Cosmopolitan 41 677/2 The plea Mr. Markham makes for the children compelled to conditions of harsh servitude in the factories and mills is a heart-tugging one.
2012 Sunday Times (Nexis) 8 Jan. (Culture section) 14 A heart-tugging tale of a vulnerable old lady, lost and lonely in the fog of dementia.
heart-wounding adj.
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1599 R. Roche Eustathia sig. G4 Stab'd with heart-wounding wordes.
a1743 H. Carey Cupid & Hymen (1748) 25 Of my once pleasing Flame, nought now remains, But cutting Sorrows, and Heart-wounding Pains.
1810 F. Burney Jrnl. 14 Apr. in Jrnls. & Lett. (1975) VI. 593 Let me..fly this heart-wounding subject to dwell upon your kind restorative.
2005 A. Downs Velvet Rage (2006) iii. xii. 132 Wounded men come together in what..often ends in a traumatic and heart-wounding separation.
heart-wringing adj. and n.
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1723 A. Philips Humfrey, Duke of Gloucester v. iii. 67 See the widow'd Dutchess!—The Picture of Heart-wringing Anguish!
1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 13 34 Smoking..not unfrequently in some produces a complaint in the stomach which they denominate heart-wringing.
1820 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) V. 84 I have this moment received your heart-wringing intelligence.
1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton xxiii. 327 What bitterness and grievous heart-wringing.
1993 New Yorker 18 Oct. 39 Griffith sequences like this go beyond heart-wringing into some areas of theatrical sublimity.
2008 Cultural Stud. Rev. 14 109 More heart-wringing are the families who have lost everything and are traveling to one relative in Canada.
b. Locative and instrumental, with the sense ‘in, at, from, or with the heart’; when combined with an adjective sometimes also with the sense ‘having or characteristic of a heart that is ——’. Esp. with reference to the heart as the seat of feelings, etc. (see branch A. II.). Frequently poetic and literary.
heart-angry adj. now rare
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1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 160 I was heart-angry with my selfe, that I had told him so much.
1887 Good Housek. 10 Dec. 57/2 I came this night, with money spent, Heart-angry that my evil way Had naught but blighting pleasures lent.
1908 W. G. Black Winter Days in India & Elsewhere iv. 31 A fortune-teller read our hands... I am sometimes ‘mouth-angry’ but never ‘heart-angry’.
heart blow n.
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1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope I. 362 The coup-de-grace, or heart-blow, as it is called, not being given them, they were taken alive from the wheel.
1868 B. Robinson Dolores i. vi. 44/2 His nature..was an elastic and nervous one; much of the sort that easily recovers from a heart blow.
2011 B. Petersen Peter Jackson viii. 201 Jackson stepped too close to put in a heart blow, and Jeffries struck him with a left on the jaw.
heart-bred adj.
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1601 Passion Discontented Minde sig. Dii The song I sing, is made of..heart-bred sorrow.
1818 Analectic Mag. 12 273 The philosophy of these essays is every where..of that heart-bred and mellowed character, which is so congenial with our better nature.
1970 S. MacGregor in S. MacLean et al. Four Points of Saltire 33 His were themes that exploded In symphonies of heart-bred laughter.
heart-burdened adj.
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1825 Relig. Intelligencer (New-Haven, Conn.) 26 Feb. 619/1 There has been no weeping in meeting, except sometimes the weeping of the heart burdened sinner.
1899 A. A. Berle Mod. Interpr. of Gospel Life 240 What a balm that must have been to the weary and heart-burdened Lord!
1999 G. G. Tchividjian in R. B. Graham Prodigals & Those who love Them (rev. ed.) v. 111 He turned away from the faith, dropped out of school, and finally joined the Marines. His mother was heart-broken and heart-burdened.
heart-chilled adj.
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1717 E. Fenton Poems 99 Heart-chill'd I spake, why, Mother, will you fly Your Son's incircling Arms?
1850 N. P. Willis People I have Met 290 My life, hitherto, has been..a succession of heart-chilled waitings upon Reason.
2009 R. S. Coburn Better View of Paradise xviii. 219 Japhy ran over in a state of heart-chilled terror, thinking her dead after some terrible attack.
heart-deadened adj.
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1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 6 God's love seemed lost upon him. He became Heart-deadened.
1909 A. M. Thomas Plain Econ. Facts vi. 247 Their weary, gaunt, hollow-eyed, heart-deadened frame and hunger-weakened, tottering brain.
heart-dear adj.
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a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) ii. iii. 12 My heart-deere-Harry [1600 my hearts deere Harry].
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. (citing Shakespeare) Heart-dear, sincerely beloved.
1786 European Mag. Aug. 124/2 Then some heart-dear friend appears, Companion of my early years.
1907 Westm. Gaz. 16 Oct. 3/2 Each darling form and heart-dear face.
2003 S. J. Naslund Four Spirits v. 478 These heart-dear friends coffined before her.
heart-drawn adj.
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1762 M. S. Cooper Lett. between Emilia & Harriet x. 119 To sooth the bursting Heart-drawn Sigh, Is Happiness sincere!
1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) xi, in Writings I. 111 A deep, heart-drawn sigh broke from him.
2001 G. Wren Most Ingenious Paradox vii. 81 The couple's heartdrawn farewells.
heart-fallen adj.
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1709 J. Spelman & T. Hearne Life Ælfred the Great i. 62 The heart-fallen Enemy.
1804 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) II. 1131 Being exceedingly low & heart-fallen, I should have almost sunk under the Operation of Reproof and Admonition.
1998 Amer. Motorcyclist July 4/3 I have come to one heart-fallen conclusion: This amendment is a sell-out.
heart-free adj.
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1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia sig. A4v Gaine then, O gaine (in Lieu of selfe demerit) By heart-free Tender with true zeale repleate, His grac'de Aspect.
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xxiii. 146 If indeed she is hitherto innocent and heart-free.
1886 W. S. Gilbert Ruddigore (1887) 4 Rose is still heart-free.
1938 Rotarian Aug. 14/1 The merry ring of heart-free laughter filled the air.
heart-full adj. (cf. heartful adj.)
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1853 W. G. Cambridge Henri xxv. 367 Lovers are never in the possession of such heart-full happiness as when they find no use for words.
1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. xxvi. 273 She was heartfull of many emotions.
1903 H. Pyle Story King Arthur & His Knights 209 Being without care of any sort, and heart-full of cheerfulness and good-will.
heart-happy adj.
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1623 J. Penkethman tr. Cato Handful of Honesty iv. §1 If thou would'st be heart-happy, wealth despise.
1899 L. Doissy Business Venture in Los Angeles xi. 105 Eudora's heart-happy looks had not returned, though her countenance was calm as ever.
1994 New York 28 Mar. 33 (caption) So true. It kind of makes you heart-happy.
heart-hardened adj.
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1601 R. Linche tr. G. Nanni Hist. Treat. Trav. Noah sig. B These obstinat and heart-hardened Giants persevered in their impious and detestable practises.
1883 Cent. Mag. Feb. 633/2 Coming..in contact with the tricks of trade, and the heart-hardened principles which rule over the commercial world.
2011 K. F. Stone Jews of Capitol Hill 237/2 In the Torah, Moses and Aaron had the Ten Plagues with which to convince a heart-hardened Pharaoh.
heart-heaviness n.
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a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. ii. 44 The more shall I to morrow be at the height of heart heauinesse . View more context for this quotation
1839 Knickerbocker Sept. 243 He began to feel that weary heart-heaviness which many of us have experienced, when we have found ourselves alone in a gay crowd.
1969 G. M. Brown Orkney Tapestry 79 A heart-heaviness fell on the Earl's men when he spoke of the short life before him.
heart-heavy adj.
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1835 W. Godwin Orphans of Unwalden xxv. 319 ‘Farewell’..is a grevious heart-heavy word, and should not be spoken lightly.
1920 A. Conan Doyle Brit. Campaign France & Flanders 1918 xii. 306 Laden with debt, heart-heavy for its lost ones, [etc.]..—such was the world which the accursed German Kultur had left behind it.
2008 T. Moon 1,000 Recordings to hear before you Die 165/2 This final ‘Lament’ section finds Maloney playing an eerie, heart-heavy theme, as though he's the last living soul on the battlefield.
heart-holiness n.
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1650 T. Mayhow Let. 7 Sept. in H. Whitfield Light Appearing (1651) 12 Head knowledge and lip prayers, without heart holinesse.
1861 Friend 35 3/1 I have no time to cultivate heart-holiness. My business swallows up all my time.
1998 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 31 Dec. 3 We believe that..as we grow in grace, we need a deeper work of perfection or sanctification, a heart holiness.
† heart-hollow adj. Obsolete
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1661 R. Davenport City Night-cap i. i. 2 She that is lip-holy, Is many times heart-hollow.
1846 G. Stephens Nero iii. ii, in Dramas for Stage I. 59 Out, you sallow-coloured thing! Lip-modest, but heart-hollow!
1871 Sunday Mag. 1 Sept. 745/1 This heart-hollow son-in-law of his, who thought nothing to be sin but crime.
heart-holy adj. rare
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1591 R. Greene Maidens Dreame sig. Cv Hart-holy men he still kept at his table.
1894 Catholic Champion Oct. 251/1 Is it possible for any one in this world to be heart-holy?
heart-hungry adj.
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1857 M. W. Janvrin Peace xiv. 135 She pleaded in a sad, heart-hungry tone, ‘O love me! only love me!’
1925 Amer. Mercury Mar. 376/2 A heart-hungry woman seeking diversion of whatever kind from the monotony of her married life.
2009 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 2 Oct. 28 Television crews and heart-hungry souls descend upon his home to learn more about the ‘Man in the Sky’.
heart-shed adj.
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1744 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons (new ed.) 91 The Heart-shed Tear, th' ineffable Delight Of sweet Humanity.
1886 Dundee Courier & Argus 19 Feb. 7/1 Even fame gave way 'Midst heart-shed tears and bated breath.
1915 Fatherland (N.Y.) 14 July 5/2 Heart-shed tears of dreadful years Flow forth from thee.
† heart-sorrowing adj. Obsolete
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1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III ii. ii. 100 You cloudy Princes, and hart-sorrowing peeres. View more context for this quotation
1813 C. Cuthbertson Adelaide I. iv. 57 The black penanted sloop, to which the heart-sorrowing widow and terrorized orphan had been privately borne ere the commencement of the mournful procession.
1833 Athenæum (Boston) Mar. 580 The wish to feel as she spoke, raised bitter remembrance in the mind of the poor heart-sorrowing girl.
heart-swollen adj.
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1601 R. Chester Loves Martyr 68 Heart-swolne heauinesse.
a1794 S. Blamire Poet. Wks. (1842) 166 The heart-swollen sigh, or the lamenting tear.
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native II. iii. iii. 129 ‘What's the use of it, mother?’ ‘None,’ said she, in a heart-swollen tone.
2009 Times (Nexis) 13 July 27 Fans stormed the fences..to roar along to their heart-swollen, flag-waving terrace anthems.
heart-true adj.
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1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xi. lxix. 290 And theare did him the heart-trew King most kindly intertayne.
1905 J. W. Foley Prairie Breezes 66 Nature's teachings, undefiled, Make music that is heart-true in the sweet voice of a child.
2005 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 16 Oct. e3 Tommy Hays writes beautifully. Better yet, he is heart-true.
heart-weariness n.
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a1681 U. Oakes Seasonable Disc. (1682) 32 If there be heart-weariness of God among us, God will not endure it.
1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics I. i. iv. 31 Heart-weariness, the languishing longing for repose.
2008 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 4 Oct. a2 29 Human wisdom is pitted against a heart-weariness, the stone weight of too much knowing.
heart-weary adj.
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1837 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 105/2 Vernal sights and sounds came from every side to comfort the heart-weary travellers.
1907 S. Dean Travers (1908) xv. 188 She thought of the heart-weary man of last night's revelations and her face grew soft.
2001 S. Drake Seize the Dawn x. 186 Amused, and loving Bridie, and grateful to see her, but so very exhausted and heart-weary.
heart-worn adj.
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1606 J. Reynolds Dolarnys Primerose sig. F2v Sorrowes ship, still at an anchor rides,..Whole stormes of sighes, against that ship is sent, Vntill her heart-worne, tacklings all are rent.
1786 J. Parkes in tr. J. Parkes et al. Lyric Wks. Horace 215 With heart-worn anguish press'd a weeping train.
1904 R. Hunter Poverty (1905) i. 65 The fear and dread of want possessed them,..they were isolated, heart-worn, and weary.
2002 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 5 July 4 Part joker, part heartworn romantic.
heart-wounded adj.
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1607 Times, Places, & Persons Holie Script. 36 His name signifieth Striken or heart-wounded.
1824 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 1st Ser. II. 247 This poor innocent heart-wounded young gentleman.
1998 Billboard 19 Sept. 24/2 He puts on his best baritone and comes across as a heart-wounded balladeer.
heart-wrung adj.
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1755 Gen. Mag. Arts & Sci. Dec. 200/2 Nor hoary sage, nor friendly prophet dear Can 'swage the lab'ring sigh, or stop the heart-wrung tear.
1820 Ellen Fitzarthur 93 Floods of heart-wrung tears.
1948 C. Day Lewis Poems 1943–7 70 One heart-wrung phantom still..Shadows my noontime still.
2000 Evening Standard (Nexis) 18 Oct. 36 He sounds even more plaintive and heartwrung and winsomely desperate.
c. Similative. See also heart-shaped adj.
heart-fashioned adj.
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1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 357 The greater upright heart fashioned Ginny Pepper.
1756 J. Hill Brit. Herbal 359 The lower lip..is short, broad, and heart-fashioned.
1885 Consular Rep., Commerce, Manufactures Dec. 412 Goat and horse leather, with heart-fashioned cut, short front pieces.
2007 G. Gott Remembering Plant City 33 (caption) This young couple enjoys their valentine ride on a heart-fashioned float in the Strawberry Festival's 1955 Baby Parade.
heart-leaved adj.
ΚΠ
1704 Nat. Hist. viii, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 236 Heart-leaved Misletoe. Its Flowers brown yellow, six leaved, with yellow Threads: its Fruit like a Clove.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 131 The three species of cinchona..the lance-leaved..heart-leaved..and oblong-leaved.
1923 Amer. Botanist 29 5 The common Convolvulus is small-flowered and heart-leaved with a concealed, deep-red center.
2004 Northern Woodlands Summer 76/1 Heart-leaved twayblade, an orchid found only in cedar swamps.
C3.
a.
heart-bag n. now rare the pericardium or pericardial space; cf. heart sac n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > heart > [noun] > membranes of
coffer of the heart1398
pericardium?a1425
precordium?1541
closet of the heart1594
hulla1600
heart-purse1615
heart-bag1668
heart sac1828
epicardium1860
endocardium1872
1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) ii. vi. 100 The Watry Vapors of both the Ventricles, are congealed into the water of the Heart-bag.
1714 W. Salmon Ars Anatomica vii. xi. 486/1 In English the Heart Bag, which every way enfolds the Heart.
1877 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Feb. 207/2 Ulceration of the throat, discase of the kidneys, effusion into the chest and heart-bag, and swelling of the body.
1905 Rep. Transvaal Dept. Agric. 1903–4 196 It [sc. a dead sheep] had typical heartwater lesions, viz., there was about a litre of yellow liquid in the chest; the heart-bag was filled with the same liquid, and the pericard was infiltrated.
heart-bearer n. rare (a) a person who carries or bears a heart or a depiction of a heart; †(b) a European noctuid moth, the small dark yellow underwing, Anarta cordigera, which has distinctive pale markings on the dark forewings (obsolete rare).In quot. 1573 apparently a mistranslation of post-classical Latin cordiger cord-bearer (used as an epithet of some Franciscan friars).Sense (b) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1573 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalipse (rev. ed.) xxxix. f. 116v The secte of the Fryers minors (otherwyse called hartbearers [L. Cordigeros uocant]).
1828 A. Laing Donean Tourist xxi. 328 Sir Simon, from his office of Heart-bearer, had his name changed from Lee to Lockheart, now Lockhart, which name continues to the descendants.
1882 H. W. Beecher Plymouth Pulpit New Ser. V. No. 1. 26 As thou dost bear our sins, so thou dost bear us... Thou art the heart-bearer of the universe.
1898 N.E.D. Heart-bearer,..(b) a name of the moth Anarta cordigera.
2007 C. J. Carrillo & T. J. Steele Cent. of Retablos 24 She [sc. Saint Gertrude] is one of only a few cardiophores (heart bearers) in Christian art, the others being Bridget of Sweden, Augustine of Hippo, and Anthony of Padua.
heart-bird n. U.S. regional (now rare) the (ruddy) turnstone, Arenaria interpres, which has a black patch on the breast in the breeding season.
ΚΠ
1844 J. E. De Kay Zool. N.-Y. ii. 216 The Turnstone..is known among our gunners..under the names of Brant-bird, Heart-bird, Horsefoot Snipe, and Beach-bird.
1910 E. H. Eaton Birds N.Y. I. 358 The Turnstone, Calico-back, Brant-bird, Horse-foot snipe, Heart-bird, Beach plover, and Sea quail as this species is called.
heart-bleeding n. and adj. (a) n. anguish (in quot. 1584: a cause of anguish); (in later use also) the action of (esp. falsely or insincerely) professing anguished concern about something; (b) adj. agonizing; (in later use more commonly) engaged in or characterized by the action of (esp. falsely or insincerely) professing anguished concern about something; cf. bleeding heart n. at bleeding adj. Compounds.
ΚΠ
1584 Counter-poyson 56 They haue made themselues a laughing stocke vnto the prophane, but a pitty and heart-bleeding to the godlye.
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 86 This holy Father (with no little commiserate hart-bleeding) beholding, [etc.].
1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 304 One of the dreadfullest, and heart-bleedingest conditions that can bee seen.
1756 J. Hanway Jrnl. Eight Days Journey xxxviii. 115 If we can prevent the heart-bleeding sorrows of the widow, and the lamenting tears of orphans.
1811 C. Lamb Genius of Hogarth in Reflector 2 73 Passionate heart-bleeding entreaties for forgiveness.
1941 W. A. Percy Lanterns on Levee xxi. 282 [They] will still be finding it fetching and inexpensive to do some of their most poignant public heart-bleeding over the poor downtrodden share-croppers of the deep South.
1987 J. Wheatcroft Beholder's Eye 162 She had to judge herself severely for permitting herself to be taken in by this man's constant heart-bleeding.
2001 Premiere Sept. 34/2 As for the rest of the tree-hugging, heart-bleeding, Gore-voting entertainment industry, it's true that Streisand and Laura Bush won't be having tea anytime soon.
heart block n. [after German Herzblock (1899 or earlier); compare earlier block n. 19d] Medicine partial or total blockage of the passage of electrical impulses in the heart, typically resulting in cardiac arrhythmia (cf. block n. 19d); an instance or type of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of heart > [noun] > blockage or stoppage
syncopec1400
syncopation1547
asystole1870
asystolism1870
cardiac arrest1873
arrest1883
heart block1903
tamponade1932
cardiac1972
1903 Lancet 22 Aug. 523/1 The jugular pulsations correspond to independent auricular contractions which are not propagated to the ventricles—a state of ‘heart-block’.
1930 Biochem. Jrnl. 24 1811 A condition of sinus bradycardia and heart block, which develops in pigeons fed on a diet of polished rice.
1991 Family Pract. 8 409/2 Patients with any of the following conditions were excluded: pregnancy, lactation, aortic stenosis, heart blocks, [etc.].
2006 New Scientist 24 June 32/2 At the moment, the only solution for someone with complete heart block is to fit a pacemaker.
heart brass n. a brass sepulchral tablet on which a conventionalized symbol of a heart is represented.
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the world > life > death > obsequies > monument > [noun] > tablet > brass
brass1613
heart brass1872
shroud-brass1890
skeleton brass1890
1872 Norfolk Archæol. 7 192 There are several varieties of heart-brasses remaining in the county, and they appear to have become common about the middle of the fifteenth century.
1956 A. C. Bouquet Church Brasses vii. 114 There is a large heart brass at Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire.
2006 B. L. Harris Harris's Guide Churches & Cathedrals 79/1 In the cathedral library is an unusual heart brass dating from c.1500.
heart-burst adj. and n. (a) adj. brought to or characterized by the point at which one's heart fails or ‘bursts’ (cf. burst v. 4), esp. through extreme physical effort; (b) n. a bursting or breaking of the heart; a state in which one's heart is on the point of bursting or breaking.
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1810 R. Parkinson Treat. Breeding & Managem. Live Stock II. iii. 78 When he is almost heart-burst by being whipped about, some fellow..is induced to mount him.
1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 258 Like a horse Put to his heart-burst speed, sobbing up hill.
1896 A. Morrison Child of Jago xiii. 134 Dicky..had been afflicted to heart-burst by his father's dodging and running.
1911 M. D. Frear My Islands 62 Do not rise to my trembling lids at all, Till a heart-burst comes of love or pain.
1983 I. Watson Bk. of River (1984) i. 38 It only took us about twenty minutes..to snake through the town..and spiral our way up till, almost heart-burst, we emerged on to the platform.
heart bypass n. (a) maintenance of circulation by mechanical means during a surgical operation; = bypass n. 6; (b) coronary artery bypass (cf. bypass n. Additions); an instance of this.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > other surgical practices > [noun] > shunting or by-passing > shunt or by-pass
shunt1923
heart bypass1956
bypass1957
1956 G. B. Griffenhagen & C. H. Hughes in Ann. Rep. Board of Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1955 349 Some 65 successful experiments, which had been performed on dogs, including..complete heart bypass.
1973 San Antonio (Texas) Light 3 Aug. 1/4 U.S. Rep. O. C. Fisher..is recuperating from heart-bypass surgery in Houston.
1979 Washington Post 24 Jan. a20/5 How many people with heart conditions would have their lives usefully prolonged, if not for a heart bypass or transplant?
2011 Daily Tel. 18 July 18/2 Before statins, those unfortunates..had little choice in middle age: give up cheese, or face a multiple heart bypass.
heart cam n. Mechanics a cam (cam n.1) with a heart-shaped cross-section.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > converters > cams
snail-cam1591
snail-work1591
snail1714
cam1777
heart wheel1786
snail-wheel1831
heart1834
heart cam1835
1835 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 6 68 This lever..vibrates on its fulcrum pin or stud..and is worked by a heart cam.
1900 Ipswich Jrnl. 24 Feb. 5/2 Leverage acting on heart cams restores the hands to zero.
2006 U.S. Patent 7,032,985 B1 1 (title) Heart cam and damper unit and opening/closing controlling device using the same.
heart chakra n. (esp. in yoga) the chakra (chakra n. 3) that corresponds to the area of the heart and is associated with compassion, love, etc.; this area of the body.Also known as anahata chakra, the heart chakra traditionally forms the fourth of seven primary centres of spiritual energy in the body.
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1916 S. B. K. Majumdâr in tr. S. C. V. Bhattacharya Princ. Tantra II. p. xxxiv It is..propelled to the heart-chakra, where it makes a more distinct vibration.
1976 Yoga Jrnl. July 24/2 Focus on releasing the peace and joy locked in the heart chakra through meditative Hatha yoga, mantra chanting, dancing and meditation.
2005 Times 4 June (Body & Soul section) 15/2 The relevant semiprecious stones are placed on each of your seven chakra points..: pink quartz on your heart chakra to open the heart to kindness, [etc.].
heart cockle n. any of various bivalve molluscs, the two shell valves of which together form the shape of a heart, esp. the large Glossus humanus (family Glossidae) and various relatively large species of the family Cardiidae; (also) the shell of these; cf. heart-shell n.
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?1711 J. Petiver Gazophylacii X. Table 93 Red-Waved, thread-girdled Heart Cockle.
1854 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca ii. 300 The heart-cockle burrows in sand, by means of its foot.
1944 Pop. Photogr. Nov. 101/1 The loveliness of a Venus Comb, a Heart Cockle, or a Turret shell can only be fully appreciated when their graceful contours are clearly visible to the spectator's eye.
2001 J. Hahn Spirited Waters v. 76 Butter clams, western bittersweets, bent-nosed clams, heart cockles—all feasted after a six-hour fast.
heart-deep adv., n., and adj. chiefly poetic and literary (a) adv.as deep as or so as to reach the heart; (b) n. a deep place within the heart (chiefly in plural); †(c) adj.extremely deep in colour (obsolete rare).
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a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 118 (MED) In my wo, y herte-depe [?c1425 Royal in my wofull hert deepe] gan wade, As he þat was bareyne of þoghtes glade.
1609 R. Armin Hist. Two Maids More-clacke sig. E1v It is my loue..that makes me step Heart-deepe in disobedience to my mother.
1838 I. Williams Thoughts in Past Years 327 Would that from towers of that calm height My cold lantern Thou would'st light, And search my heart deeps.
1871 A. C. Swinburne Blessed among Women in Songs before Sunrise 106 Heavens own heart-deep blue.
1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 116 From the heart-deeps where it slept.
1922 E. H. Griggs Blossomed Hours 178 When to love, the heart-deeps wake, The passion can never cease.
2004 Field & Stream Feb. 74/1 Still impaled, Bowie grabbed his opponent's coat, lifted himself off the ground, and sunk his blade heart-deep.
heart disease n. †(a) a disease of the stomach (cf. sense A. 4) (obsolete); (b) disease of the heart, (in later use) esp. atherosclerotic coronary artery disease; an instance or type of this.
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1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick ix. iii. 258 Or if the Humor be carried in greater plenty to the Stomach, and partake of greater Malignity, somtimes it produceth violent Cardialgiaes, or Heart diseases.
1830 Lancet 23 Jan. 363/2 As to the final event of the case, the heart disease almost precluded a desirable termination.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Sea Dreams 264 He suddenly dropt dead of heart disease.
1911 Scalpel (Woman's Med. Coll. Pennsylvania) 65 She is going to specialize in heart diseases and practice in Buffalo, N.Y.
1984 Your Computer June 53/2 A team from Warwick University..has managed to implant a simple biochip in the body of a man with heart disease to monitor his beat.
2002 L. Gold Good Hosp. Guide 174 Most people over the age of 65 have at least one chronic health problem—typically heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis or smoker's lung.
heart-eat v. originally and chiefly English regional (northern) (now rare) transitive to regard (something) enviously, to covet.
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1586 in J. Morris Troubles Catholic Forefathers (1877) (modernized text) 3rd Ser. 79 They all so much envy and heart eat the good and relief which they see us have or to be given us, that [etc.].
1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 352 They..cannot see..any thing which likes them, but with a greedy eye they heart-eat it.
1871 E. E. J. McAlpine Doings in Maryland xxxii. 162 Constantly complaining, and hearteating everybody's success, he seemed to view all things in life through a prism of green and yellow jealousy.
1886 H. Cunliffe Gloss. Rochdale-with-Rossendale Words & Phrases Heart-eyt, to envy.
1927 Nineteenth Cent. & After July 105 If one person covets another man's beast—that is, in Lancashire and Yorkshire, to ‘heart-eat’ it—it brings bad luck to the beast.
heart hunger n. (a) Scottish extreme physical hunger (cf. sense A. 4); (b) heartfelt longing or yearning. Sc. National Dict. (at Hert) records sense (a) as still in use in north-eastern Scotland and Argyllshire in 1957.
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1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Heart-hunger, a ravenous desire of food.
1842 F. Chamier Passion & Princ. II. xviii. 217 She would..yearn, with all the heart-hunger of other days, to be once more beside him.
1892 G. E. Woodberry in C. Lamb Ess. Elia (new ed.) Introd. p. xiii That mournful fancy, that affection for things unrealized, which betray heart-hunger.
2006 M. E. Snodgrass Encycl. Feminist Lit. 172/1 A less amenable character, the rebellious, bookish Maggie Tulliver.., exhibits the heart hunger for affection and validation.
heart hurry n. Medicine (now rare) = tachycardia n.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of heart > [noun] > palpitation or tachycardia
cardiaclea1398
cardiac passiona1398
cardiaca?a1425
palpitation?a1425
cardiacc1435
heart-quake1561
heart-qualm1590
overbeating1819
tachycardia1889
heart hurry1890
torsade de pointes1967
1890 Lancet 7 June 1243/1 Dr. A. S. Eales read a paper on Paroxysmal Heart Hurry associated with Floating Kidney.
1903 Med. Rec. 7 Feb. 204 The evanescent ‘heart-hurry’ so frequently produced by the most trivial causes.
1930 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 8 976/1 There is a speeding-up of the cardiac rate (heart hurry) or tachycardia.
2004 C. Siebert Man after his own Heart vi. 74 What I had experienced is known as Heart Hurry, ‘a rapid heartbeat brought on’ by excess anxiety.
heart lath n. now chiefly historical a lath made from heartwood, esp. of the oak.
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > strip of wood > lath > types of
heart lath1324
sap lath1350
spine-lath1630
1324Hertlathes [see sense A. 15].
1386 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1952) 249 (MED) Short hertlaths.
1440 in B. Marsh Rec. Worshipful Company Carpenters (1914) II. 5 (MED) Payde for ij m herte laythe to ye same Walle..vj s. viij d.
1509–10 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 121 xiiij c hertlath vijs., et v c saplath xxd.
1617 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 205 The studies to bee lathed with hart lath.
1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Building Heart Laths of Oak are one shilling and ten pence a bundle or hundred.
1885 Garden 14 Nov. 524/3 These laths..are not so frequently used as formerly, although the heart lath is still enquired for.
1966 O. M. Bullock Restoration Man. Gloss. 161 Laths are formed in three, four, and five feet lengths; they are also of two qualities, viz., heart laths, and sap laths; the former should always be employed in roofing, and in exposed situations.
heart line n. Palmistry = line of the heart at line n.2 8b.
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the world > life > the body > skin > mark on skin > line in palmistry > [noun]
headline1571
lifeline1571
rascette1571
discriminal1652
heart line1652
bracelet1883
fate-line1889
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > divination by natural phenomena > palmistry > [noun] > mark on the hand > other lines
line of the livera1440
sister1558
headline1571
liver line1571
discriminal1652
heart line1652
line of (the) sun1653
natural line1653
sun line1653
dragon's tail1678
fate-line1889
1652 G. Wharton tr. J. Rothmann Κειρομαντία: Art of Divining 8 (heading) Of the Line of Life. This is also called Cardiaca, or the Heart-Line.
1883 Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 5 Nov. 8/1 The heart line..crosses the hand somewhat diagonally near the base of the fingers.
1893 M. Beerbohm Let. 14 Oct. (1964) 76 He has no heart-line on his right hand.
1956 N. D. Ford Life in your Hands v. 40 The Head and Heart lines join in forming one straight line... The Fate line begins well clear of the Heart line.
2006 Prediction June 14/1 If you have a very long heart line, almost running from one end of your palm to the other, you are very reliant on relationships.
heart-lung adj. attributive of, relating to, or consisting of the heart and the lungs. heart-lung machine n. any machine used to maintain circulation and oxygenation of the blood, esp. during surgical bypass of the heart and lungs.
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the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [adjective] > lungs
spirital1568
pulmonic1661
pneumonic1668
pulmonary1668
pulmonical1670
pulmonal1748
pleuropulmonary1829
pneumogastric1838
cardiopulmonary1879
broncho-cavernous1890
pneumic1895
intrapulmonary1898
heart-lung1908
intrapulmonic1923
ventilatory1946
pulmonar1977
the world > life > the body > vascular system > heart > [adjective]
cardiaca1398
cardiala1413
cordial?a1450
cardiacal?1570
heartward1667
cardine1771
cardiorenal1854
cardiorespiratory1857
intracardial1876
cardiopulmonary1879
intracardiac1887
cardiodiaphragmatic1907
heart-lung1908
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > life-supporting equipment > [noun] > heart-lung machine
heart-lung machine1959
1908 G. Dean in G. H. F. Nuttall & G. S. Graham-Smith Bacteriol. Diphtheria xv. 493 60 lethal doses [of diphtheria toxin] were introduced into the small volume of blood in the heart-lung circulation.
1912 Jrnl. Physiol. 45 213 The heart-lung preparation should serve..for investigations on the normal gaseous metabolism of the heart.
1956 G. B. Griffenhagen & C. H. Hughes in Ann. Rep. Board of Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1955 348 The reports indicated various degrees of success on dogs using a heart-lung machine.
1959 Daily Tel. 24 Apr. 13/3 In the party is Dr. Denis Melrose, inventor of the heart-lung machine which bears his name.
1992 Tucson (Arizona) Weekly 5 Aug. 3/1 People..said they would raise the money she needed to pay for a heart-lung transplant.
2005 N.Y. Mag. 13 June 68/2 [Her] heart would be arrested and her vital functions assumed by a heart-lung machine.
heart maker n. Theology (now rare) God or Christ as one who transforms or heals the heart; cf. heartbreaker n. 1.
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1639 G. Plattes Discov. Infinite Treasure 82 Would the heart-maker take away these our stony and hard hearts, and give us hearts of flesh.
1663 W. Dyer Christ's Famous Titles 84 Heart-work is God's work: the great heart-maker, must be the great heart-breaker; none can do it but he.
1701 E. Godwin Two Serm. i. 10 None can bind up a broken Heart but God alone, that is the Heart-maker.
1842 Gypsies 25 ‘I would I knew the great heart-maker,’ said Gabriel; ‘I would go to the great man, and bid him put your heart and my heart right.’
2004 Miami Times 3 Nov. b2 What condition is your heart? Is it in tune with the will of God?.. If not, ask the heart maker and he will create in you a clean heart.
heart-mind n. (chiefly in Eastern religions) the mind as the seat of both thoughts and feelings; a person's cognitive and emotional faculties considered collectively. [Used to render both (a) Pali citta and its etymon Sanskrit citta thought, intent, (in Buddhism) denoting a specific aspect of the mind (see citta n.), and (b) Chinese xīn heart, mind, thought, (in Daoism and Confucianism) denoting specific aspects of the mind, (in Buddhism) used to render Sanskrit citta.]
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the mind > mental capacity > spirituality > mind, soul, spirit, heart > [noun]
wombeOE
moodeOE
heartOE
inner manc1000
soulOE
ghostOE
sprite1340
inwit1382
consciencec1384
spiritc1384
minda1387
spirtc1415
esperite1477
inward man1526
pneuma1559
esprite1591
internala1594
interior1600
entelechy1603
inside1615
psyche1648
sprit1653
citta1853
undersoul1868
Geist1871
heart-mind1959
1959 M. Sze Way Chinese Painting i. iv. 110 By ‘stilling his heart’, that is, shedding the thoughts and emotions of his personal life, an individual can reflect in his heart-mind (hsin),..the power (Ch'i) of Tao.
1987 S. C. Rockefeller in D. S. Lopez & S. C. Rockefeller Christ & Bodhisattva 244 In the Buddhist tradition there is a sense that the Dharma, the Buddhist teaching, is transmitted from teacher to student, from mind to mind, from heart-mind to heart-mind.
2015 Buddhist-Christian Stud. 35 16 Meditation is a prolonged process of development or training of the heart-mind.
heart monitor n. any of various devices used to monitor the rate, rhythm, or other aspect of the functioning of the heart.
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1951 U.S. Patent 2,536,527 206/2 Fetal heart monitor.
1990 D. Bailey Sunflowers never Sleep xii. 207 Wally..is rigged to a heart monitor and some kind of apparatus that helps him breathe.
2011 W. Cogner Heart Refined xvi. 113 Wearing the heart monitor is required for finding out how often my premature ventricular contractions were acting up.
heart moth n. a rare European noctuid moth, Dicycla oo, which has pale yellowish-brown forewings with distinctive whitish markings.
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1776 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Veg. Great Brit. II. 588 Heart Moth.
1869 E. Newman Illustr. Nat. Hist. Brit. Moths 381 The Heart Moth..appears on the wing in July, and has occurred in the New Forest.
1990 Entomologist's Rec. 102 234 I am particularly interested in records of the oak-dependent Heart Moth, Dicycla oo from the 1940s and 1950s.
2010 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 20 Sept. 36 Nearly 100 of England's rarest [moths] such as the common fanfoot, heart moth and light crimson underwing.
heart motion n. Mechanics (now rare) reciprocating motion generated by a heart cam.
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1804 Repertory Arts, Manuf., & Agric. 4 323 And sidewise by the heart motion as it is called (to which it is kept up by a spring).
1888 R. Marsden Cotton Spinning (ed. 3) x. 292 The traverse of this rail was affected by means of a heart-shaped cam.., an arrangement then and since known as the heart motion.
1915 Cotton Year Bk. & Diary 208 The yarn is wound and formed on the bobbins by a chain-and-bowl lifting arrangement, worked by a heart motion.
heart net n. Fishing (now rare) a type of pound net incorporating a heart-shaped passage between the leader and the final enclosure; (also) = sense A. 31.
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1870 Rep. Joint Special Comm. Rhode Island Fisheries Narragansett Bay May 108 From what I know of the traps [I] should think the heart nets the most destructive.
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 452/2 Heart-Net, a [fishing] net with a leader and a bowl or pound, between which is a heart-shaped funnel.
1907 F. A. Nicholson Note on Fisheries in Japan 64 There are ‘barrier’ or ‘heart’ nets which insensibly turn them back again towards the trap.
1958 S. Young in G. E. Nelson Cavalcade of North 553 He pulled the punt into the passageway between the heart net and the pound net.
heart piece n. Mechanics a heart cam in a stopwatch or clock used for returning a hand to zero.
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1881 Horol. Jrnl. 23 94/1 To any convenient wheel in the ‘motion’ work, a heart-piece is fixed, in connexion with which is used a step-piece and levers.
1920 Jewelers' Circular 14 Jan. 145/2 Equipped with a heart piece for returning to zero.
2012 U.S. Patent 8,179,744 1 A switch mechanism that acts..by uncoupling the hand from the second heart-piece.
heart pine n. chiefly U.S. the dense heartwood of a mature pine tree, esp. of the longleaf pine, Pinus palustris.Cf. earlier heart of pine: see sense A. 15.
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1796 in F. Schulz Handlungs-Akademist (1803) xvi. 484 (table) Boards, cedar, white pine.., heart pine.
1809 T. Jefferson Let. 7 May in Papers (2004) Retirement Ser. I. 192 I bespoke of you..the thousand feet of heart pine plank.
1953 A. P. Middleton Tobacco Coast vii. 225 Norfolk-built vessels were also celebrated for their sound timber, especially the heart-pine from the upper reaches of Elizabeth River and the nearby Dismal Swamp.
2009 Early Homes Fall 67/1 Wide plank floors in antique heart pine or American exotics like cherry and walnut.
† heart-pit n. Obsolete = pit of the stomach n. at pit n.1 14b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > belly or abdomen > [noun] > pit of
heart-pitc1400
spoon of the stomach?1550
pit of the stomach1818
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 2246 He hyt hym þorouȝ þe hert-pyt [a1425 Linc. Inn heorte put].
c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 190 Þer with anoynt hym at the hert pit..and he shall be hole.
1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. viii. 20/2 The Liver lies over the right side, and middle part thereof [sc. of the stomach]; for it lies under the Heart-pit.
1766 Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 40 Pressing my hand to the scrobiculus cordis, or heart pit, as the seat of her disorder.
1842 Dublin Univ. Mag. 19 14/1 The seer must be a man who, so to speak, lives in his heart-pit.
heart pulse n. (a) the pulse in the left wrist (left radial pulse), esp. when palpated with moderate pressure, believed in Chinese medicine to be indicative of the state of the heart; (b) the heartbeat, or the pulse created in the arteries by the heartbeat; an instance of this; also figurative.
ΚΠ
1755 tr. F.-M. de Marsy & A. Richer Hist. China iv. iv. 214 The stomach-pulse they suppose to be in the wrist of the right hand, and the heart pulse in that of the left.
1798 W. Sotheby tr. C. M. Wieland Oberon vii. xliv. 229 I, who in every heart-pulse feel her glow.
1882 Harper's Mag. July 290/2 Like the welcoming quiver of heart-pulses throbbed through the river, those lights in the Harbor at last.
1994 tr. G. Soulié de Morant Chinese Acupuncture ii. vii. 113 Patients exhibiting sadness and panting after effort with a just perceptible heart pulse, but ample and hard small intestine pulse.
2003 Ultrasound in Biol. & Med. 29 1738/2 If a heart pulse was missed by the pulse oximeter.., then the number of frames for that step changed abruptly.
† heart-purse n. Obsolete the pericardium or pericardial space; cf. heart sac n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > heart > [noun] > membranes of
coffer of the heart1398
pericardium?a1425
precordium?1541
closet of the heart1594
hulla1600
heart-purse1615
heart-bag1668
heart sac1828
epicardium1860
endocardium1872
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 426 Hee thinketh that the water which is found in the heart purse is a portion of our drinke.
a1750 W. Gibson New Treat. Dis. Horses (1751) ii. viii. 81 The principal Trunk taking its Course down the Neck..deals out several branches to the head of the Windpipe, and passing into the Thorax or Chest it divides into two, the anterior going to the Pericardium or Heart-purse.
1855 Scalpel 7 102 The ball was found in the walls of the right ventricle or cavity for sending the blood to the lungs, enfolded by an adherent piece of the heart-purse.
heart sac n. now rare the pericardium or pericardial space; cf. heart-bag n., heart-purse n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > heart > [noun] > membranes of
coffer of the heart1398
pericardium?a1425
precordium?1541
closet of the heart1594
hulla1600
heart-purse1615
heart-bag1668
heart sac1828
epicardium1860
endocardium1872
1828 Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum I. 245/1 Cochull a' chridhe. The heart sac, or bag: pericardium.
1896 Daily News 29 Dec. 3/2 The heart had been slowly bleeding into the pericardium or ‘heart-sac’..and no help would have availed to save her life.
1915 C. J. Korinek Veterinarian 130 (heading) Inflammation of the heart sack (pericarditis).
2001 Daily Tel. 26 Sept. 27/4 A condition produced when an animal swallows a sharp object that pierces the stomach wall and gains access to the heart sac.
heart sap n. sap in or from the heartwood of a tree; also figurative.
ΚΠ
1669 Philos. Trans. 1668 (Royal Soc.) 3 859 The Interception of the Heart-sap may have an effect analogous to the boring at the Heart.
1859 Dublin Univ. Mag. Oct. 451/2 There came forth..a gushing of the inner heart-sap; but it was generous and rich and of a sweetness exquisite.
1867 Railway News 24 Aug. The Timber must be of the best quality, free from heart-sap, knots, shakes, or other defects.
1992 L. J. Cunningham Anc. Chamorro Soc. iii. 31/2 They knew..that a tree's heart sap goes to the fruit and the sap near the bark of a tree goes to the leaves.
heart seine n. Fishing (now rare) a seine net with a leader, heart (sense A. 31), and pound, esp. staked so that the opening of the net reaches from the surface to the bottom; cf. pound net n. at pound n.2 Compounds.
ΚΠ
1868 Acts & Resolves May Session Gen. Assembly Rhode Island 58 The Heart seine, with two openings, which catches the fish either coming in or going out with the tide.
1870 Rep. Joint Special Comm. Rhode Island Fisheries Narragansett Bay May 98 There was a heart seine set at Stony Brook..another at the mouth of Quaket Pond..that caught large quantities of all kinds of fish that came along.
1911 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 29 Aug. 1006/2 A heart seine of uniform depth that extends to the front bottom edge of the tunnel.
heart shake n. (a) any of a number of splits or clefts in a piece of timber radiating out from the heart (frequently in plural); cf. shake n.1 9a (b) a pattern of splitting of this nature.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > cleft or shake
lag1579
shake1651
heart shake1802
ring shake1868
gum-shake1887
1802 in Naval Documents U.S. Wars Barbary Powers (U.S. Office Naval Rec.) (1940) II. 120 Those [timbers] for the frames..should also be of sufficient quality, none that have large heart-shakes..should be received.
1875 T. Laslett Timber & Timber Trees 25 Timber having much heart-shake.
1884 Spons' Mechanic's Own Bk. (1886) 167 ‘Heartshakes’: splits or clefts in the centre of the tree; common in nearly every kind of timber.
1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) xii. 510/3 (heading) Heart shakes. These are splits that occur along radial lines in the log.
heart shape n. the conventionalized shape of a heart (see sense A. 24); cf. heart-shaped adj.
ΚΠ
1723 P. Blair Pharmaco-botanologia 41 The Holy Oak..has two Seed Leaves of an Heart Shape.
1842 W. Howitt Rural & Domest. Life Germany v. 62 The gingerbread was all made up into heart-shapes.
1920 D. L. Thomas & L. B. Thomas Kentucky Superstitions 32 In the grounds of a coffee cup the small lines that form a heart shape means [sic] a letter.
2001 Exotic & Greenhouse Gardening June 8/2 Anthuriums come in a wide range of leaf shapes, from simple heart shape to narrow and very long.
heart-shell n. any of various bivalve molluscs, chiefly members of the superfamily Cardioidea, the two shell valves of which together form the shape of a heart; (also) the shell of these; cf. heart cockle n.
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1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 154 The Cardiæ or Heart-shells, among which are the Cockles.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Heart-shells..always expressing what we call the figure of a Heart.
1870 Amer. Naturalist 4 332 With the foot as an elastic spring the heart-shell leaps along.
1935 J. L. Baily Keep's W. Coast Shells (rev. ed.) x. 86 The interesting family of the Heart-shells, or Cockles, as they are called in many places.
2002 J. Wilson Saint-Pierre's Journey to Mauritius 112 The heart-shells, if they are regular, have little teeth in their hinges which fold one into the other.
heart shock n. a shock to the heart (literal and figurative).
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1827 W. L. Rede Wedded Wanderer xiv. 149 Fanny received the intelligence of her departure as a heart shock.
1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1864) 3rd Ser. vi. 95 The man who has received the heart-shock from which..he will not recover.
1896 Jrnl. Compar. Med. & Vet. Arch. 17 398 As the animal was in an emaciated condition the heart-shock could be seen on the left side of the thorax.
1913 Eclectic Med. Jrnl. 73 263 We prefer a fluid preparation [of digitalis] which will act as a heart-stimulant without inducing heart-shock.
1916 G. R. Turquet-Milnes Some Mod. Belgian Writers 4 The younger minds with whom they came in contact could not but feel at their approach, that violent shaking-up, that heart-shock which determines a whole life.
2003 Pop. Sci. Apr. 46/1 A promising though unusual new technique may help slow brain damage and buy paramedics more time, should electrical heart shocks fail.
† heart side n. Obsolete the left side of the body (this being the side on which the heart is located: see sense A. 1a).Later instances of the compound appear to illustrate simple attributive use of sense A. 1a, rather than showing continued use of the specific sense.
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a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. xlii. 848 Epistites is a litel stoon..and makeþ a man siker þat bereþ it in þe hert syde.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1598) iii. sig. Gg4 Closing her eyes..and turning vpon her heart side.
1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes 2nd Pt. Don Quixote xxiii. 149 Hee held his right hand..vpon his heart-side.
c1660 R. Carpenter Pragmatical Jesuit ii. ii. 12/1 Wait you invisibly at his Elbow, on his heart-side.
heart-sink n. and adj. (a) n. = heart-sinking adj. and n. (b) (rare); (b) adj. colloquial (attributive) that makes the heart sink (chiefly in Medical use with reference to patients considered particularly demanding or labour-intensive).
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1920 E. F. Benson Queen Lucia xii. 236 Georgie had one moment of heart-sink.
1983 N. C. H. Stott Primary Health Care iii. 24 ‘Heart-sink’ patients are at risk for incomplete care because the clinician is often less alert when dealing with them.
2001 S. Adams Interviewing for Journalists iii. 31 Avoid being a 'heart-sink' questioner, signalling from the beginning that the interview is to cover well-trampled ground.
2010 GP Mag. (Nexis) 19 Feb. 57 The maladaptive health-seeking behaviour and learned helplessness GPs encounter with so-called 'heart-sink' patients.
heart-sinking adj. and n. (a) adj. that causes an intense feeling of dismay, dread, or sorrow; that makes one's heart sink (cf. sink v. 24b); characterized by such feelings; (b) n. a feeling of dismay, dread, or deep sorrow; (also) such feelings collectively.
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1645 R. Overton Martin's Eccho 11 The back-breaking, heart-sinking Courts..were unlawfull for the Bishops, but not for the Presbyters, that know how to use them.
1691 Hutcheson's 45 Serm. on CXXX Psalm xix. 216 The saints..walk tenderly in a continual jealousie of themselves, they have many a reflex look back, check, and heart-sinking for this and that they find amiss.
1743 D. Brainerd Let. 30 Apr. in J. Edwards Life D. Brainerd (1765) 265 There seems to be little of the special workings of the divine Spirit among them yet; which gives me many a heart-sinking hour.
1798 G. Colman Blue-beard i. 13 When I melancholy grow, This tinking [of guitar music] heart-sinking soon can drive away.
a1847 R. Wilson Life (1862) I. ii. 49 I see now..that omen, and feel now again the heart-sinking sensation that I felt then.
1879 C. Rossetti Seek & Find 312 Moments of keenest fear and utmost heart-sinking.
1942 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Oct. 31/3 It seems everybody had as many butterflies as I did, and the same heart-sinking feeling.
1974 R. Price Jrnl. 21 Jan. in Learning Trade (1998) 237 Aside from a few heart sinkings more or less in midstream.., I bore up.
2012 Bristol Evening Post (Nexis) 2 Nov. 30 Yet another heart-sinking drama in which an able-bodied actor begs for an Oscar by playing a disabled character.
heart-smart adj. colloquial (originally U.S.) (esp. of a food, diet, etc.) that is good for the heart; spec. low in fat or cholesterol, this being considered to help prevent heart disease; (of a person) informed about and involved in maintaining a healthy heart through diet, exercise, etc.
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1971 Times (San Mateo, Calif.) 29 Nov. 11/5 Cooked white-meat turkey is only 50 calories an ounce and super heart-smart because it's so low in cholesterol.
1987 N.Y. Amsterdam News 18 Apr. 22/1 Risk of heart disease can be reduced by lowering..serum cholesterol levels... So..my advice is to ‘Get Heart Smart’.
1992 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 5 Feb. c1 Even the best cooks need reminders on heart-smart techniques.
2001 K. Martin Secret vi. 61 His mouth curved faintly at the small red hearts beside the heart-smart, low-fat items.
heart sound n. Medicine a sound heard during auscultation of the heart; esp. either of the two sounds made by the closing of the heart valves.
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1830 London Med. Gaz. 13 Nov. 196/2 On holding the apparatus firmly against a table, and applying the stethoscope to a distant part of it, the heart sound was closely imitated.
1876 Clin. Soc. Trans. 9 111 Heart-sounds were clean and free from murmur.
1922 A.S.T.A. Jrnl. Nov. 35 During the latter months of pregnancy it is not infrequent..to find two points where the foetal heart sounds are distinctly transmitted with equal intensity.
1989 European Jrnl. Obstetr., Gynecol. & Reprod. Biol. 33 241 The characteristic metallic heart sound caused by the intracardiac presence of free carbon dioxide.
2009 Daily News (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 28 Apr. 3 He said that when paramedics arrived at the hospital, they could not detect any foetal heart sounds, and presumed the unborn baby had died.
heartspring n. (a) (chiefly poetic and literary) the spring or source of a person's innermost feelings, thoughts, etc. (chiefly in plural); (b) something regarded as the essential source of a concept, impulse, activity, etc. (cf. wellspring n. 2).
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1658 C. Gilbert Soveraign Antidote 138 He opens their heart-springs with a special Key of his own framing.
1815 R. Polwhele Fair Isabel iii. 184 Cold distrust did every heartspring freeze.
1841 Court Gaz. 26 June 425/1 We prize her..for..that heart-spring of poetry which gives form and substance to the ‘airy nothings’ of the imagination.
1843 J. Ballantine Gaberlunzie's Wallet 113 He..gazed..till his heart-springs brak loose, Then, 'mid tears,..He told you some tale o't.
1903 B. Harraden Kathleen Frensham xviii. 278 She, with..perseverance, dug a hole in their frozen heart-springs.
1937 Yearbk. Central Conf. Amer. Rabbis 47 393 His language..flows purely from the heart-springs of the most original of our poets.
1976 Compar. Educ. 12 21 Socialist humanism, the heartspring of communist morality.
2003 W. W. H. Lamb in R. E. Groenhout & M. Bower Philos., Feminism, & Faith iii. 71 Victimhood..becomes the heartspring of dissembling thoughts and manipulative actions.
heart strand n. = sense A. 16b.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > other manufactured or derived materials > [noun] > rope or cord > strand of rope > central strand
heart1759
heart strand1798
heart yarn1827
core1849
1798 T. Connelly & T. Higgins New Dict. Spanish & Eng. Lang. I. 476/1 Heart-strand,..Corazon de cabo.
c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 52 The standing rigging is often made with four strands and a heart strand.
1998 G. Budworth Compl. Bk. Decorative Knots 24/2 By removing a section of the heart strands from larger diameter sheath-&-core cordage, it is often possible to insert one into the other with a wire loop or tubular fid.
† heart-strength n. Obsolete rare a central fortress (cf. strength n. 11).
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1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iii. x. 309 Then assaulting the heart-strengths of the warre, hee destroy'd Auaricum.
heart stroke n. (a) (supposed) heart disease, esp. angina pectoris or myocardial infarction (now rare); (b) the impulse of the contracting heart against the chest wall (= apex beat n. at apex n.1 Compounds); (also) the contraction of the heart, or output of this; an instance of this.
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1801 Ld. Nelson Let. 8 June in T. J. Pettigrew Mem. Life Nelson (1849) II. iii. 86 On the 27th I had one of my terrible spasms or [perh. read of] heart-stroke, which had near carried me off.
1829 R. Southey All for Love ii. 23 And to Eleëmon's breast, Just where the heart-stroke plays, the point Of the reed was gently prest.
1842 Med. Times 10 Dec. 169/3 By the 6th of January, the heart and lung symptoms were removed, the heart stroke now only a little hastened.
1918 Southwestern Reporter 200 101/2 Her mother answered that it [sc. the death] was due to brain stroke or heart stroke.
1921 Physiol. Rev. 1 654 The volume of the heart strokes continued practically the same on Pike's Peak as under ordinary barometric conditions. In one man, however, the heart stroke appeared to be somewhat diminished.
1997 Amer. Zoologist 37 355/1 The medulla..contains both cholinergic and catecholaminergic nuclei that control such functions as..heart stroke.
2011 Environmental Res. 111 653/2 These results suggest that the heart stroke volume and output probably respond to the indirect action of pollutants via local and systemic cytokines.
heart talk n. talk about matters of the heart; (in later use also) a heart-to-heart talk.
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1843 Foreign & Colonial Q. Rev. 1 62 Hast thou, reader, ever heard the gushing heart-talk of opening youth, ere it became hackneyed in the phrases of ‘society’?
1893 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 23 Apr. 19/6 Through all the sad heart talk ‘Mammy's’ big heart seizes one thought.
1912 F. M. Hueffer Panel i. ii. 31 I want a regular—what you might call—heart-talk with Miss Delamere.
1998 J. Ford Wonderful Ways to be Family p. xv Sometimes it's a bit of advice that's needed, other times heart talks do the trick.
heart thimble n. Nautical a broad, heart-shaped metal ring forming the eye around which the end of a rope is spliced (cf. thimble n. 4).
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1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 37 The shroud is turned in round a heart thimble.
2004 D. J. House Seamanship Techniques (ed. 3) iv. 92 The heart thimble has gained in popularity because its shape is more suited to form the eye.
heart transplant n. the action or an act of surgically transplanting a heart from one individual (animal or person) into another; a heart transplanted in this way; also figurative.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > transplanting and grafting operations > [noun] > organ transplantation > specific
heart transplant1952
kidney graft1962
1952 Surg. Forum 1951 217 An arterial supply from the host was anastomosed to a pulmonary vein of the heart transplant and an outlet for the left ventricular output of the heart transplant was provided.
1960 Surg. Forum 10 103 Forty-eight puppy heart transplants are reported.
1967 Times 4 Dec. 1/7 The heart transplant operation, the first in the world, took Groote Schuur's surgical team five hours.
1973 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 21 Jan. 2 It is a real heart-transplant into English of the great Alexandrian love-poet and voluptuary.
1981 Texas Monthly Sept. 280/1 Dr. Norman Shumway of Stanford has 81 surviving heart transplant patients.
2002 N.Y. Mag. 25 Feb. 54/1 (advt.) This mechanical pump..is often used as a temporary measure to keep a patient healthy long enough to receive a heart transplant.
heart urchin n. any of numerous burrowing sea urchins of the order Spatangoida, found worldwide and also common as fossils, with bilaterally symmetrical bodies resembling a heart in shape.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Echinoidea > order Spatangoidea > member of genus Spatangus
mermaid's head1662
heart urchin1830
sea-bun1882
1830 M. A. Venning Rudim. Mineral. xiv. 159 Heart and cap urchins are not found lower than the green sand.
1923 L. A. Borradaile Animal & its Environment v. 141 The Antarctic heart-urchin Hemiaster philippi bearing its young in the sunken grooves (‘petals’) on its back.
2010 G. Karleskint et al. Introd. Marine Biol. (ed. 3) ii. ix. 251/1 Sand dollars and heart urchins prefer to bury themselves in sandy bottoms.
heart valve n. each of the structures occupying the openings of the ventricles of the heart, consisting of two or three membranous cusps, and acting to prevent backflow of blood during and after ventricular contraction; (also) an artificial device serving this purpose.
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1842 4th Ann. Rep. Registrar-Gen. Births, Deaths, & Marriages Eng. 195 There are obstructions of the gall-ducts, of the ureters, urethra, heart-valves, arteries, veins, trachea, all of which may be fatal.
1963 Daily Tel. 21 Sept. 9/5 The limited number of heart valve replacement operations so far carried out.
1985 Weekly World News 28 May 19/3 He underwent surgery to implant a heart valve.
2004 J. Playfair Living with Germs vii. 168 Post-streptococcal myocarditis was the commonest cause of heart valve disease.
heart-warm adj. warm-hearted, genuinely affectionate, cordial.
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the mind > emotion > love > affection > [adjective] > fondly affectionate
fondly1558
heart-warm1777
1777 H. H. Brackenridge Death Gen. Montgomery iv. ii. 38 The heart-warm love of every soul that gaz'd On his soft beauty.
1786 R. Burns Poems 228 Adieu! a heart-warm, fond adieu!
1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xi. 179 A shout of heartwarm and heartfelt gratitude.
1981 Transcript (North Adams, Mass.) 23 Apr. 10/3 I wish to give my heart-warm thanks to those two boys.
heart wheel n. Mechanics (now rare) = heart cam n.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > converters > cams
snail-cam1591
snail-work1591
snail1714
cam1777
heart wheel1786
snail-wheel1831
heart1834
heart cam1835
1786 Brit. Patent 1,564 (1856) 3 The heart wheel r, being fast to the wheel q, turns round with it on a pin.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 997 The periphery of the heart-wheel..is seen to bear upon friction wheels.
1907 H. R. Carter Mod. Flax, Hemp, & Jute Spinning & Twisting vii. 114 The revolution of the heart wheel produces an up-and-down motion in the levers.
† heart-white n. Obsolete rare the white (white n. 13b(a)) of a butt or target (in quot. as part of an extended metaphor).
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1600 Looke about You sig. D3 Ther's the But; whose hart-white if we hit, The game is our's.
heart-wrenching adj. painfully upsetting or distressing; cf. heart-rending adj.
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1838 Knickerbocker July 86 Loosen'd from guilt by a heart-wrenching shock, I hastened home.
1939 M. B. Schnapper Public Housing in Amer. 320 Heart-wrenching propa­ganda pictures for the next wave of slum clearance fervor.
2011 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 23 June 16 It is a parent's worst nightmare to watch their child go through such a traumatic event. It is truly heartwrenching.
heart yarn n. Nautical the soft yarn in the centre of a rope; (also) = heart strand n.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > other manufactured or derived materials > [noun] > rope or cord > strand of rope > central strand
heart1759
heart strand1798
heart yarn1827
core1849
1827 E. Boys Narr. Captivity & Adventures France & Flanders 92 In the night, we hacked several of the heart-yarns, so that the first time it was used in the morning, it broke.
1907 H. R. Carter Mod. Flax, Hemp, & Jute Spinning & Twisting xi. 172 The length of core or heart yarn required is from 1¼ times the length of the rope for a 4-strand hawser to [etc.].
1998 B. Toss Compl. Rigger's Apprentice vi. 236 Be careful not to pick up any of the wire's heart yarns.
b. In the names of plants.
heart cherry n. now rare any of numerous cultivated varieties of cherry having heart-shaped fruit; the fruit of such a variety; cf. sense A. 27b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > trees or plants bearing stone fruit > cherry tree
cherry-treec1400
healme1574
healmier1575
heart cherry1599
cherry1626
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > cherry > types of cherry
black cherry1530
geana1533
Plinian1577
mazzard1578
mazardc1595
merry1595
Flanders cherry1597
heart cherry1599
cherrylet1605
agriot1611
morel1611
cœur-cherry1626
bigarreau1629
May-cherry1629
morello1629
urinal cherry1629
white-heart cherry1629
duracine1655
heart1658
black heart1664
carnation1664
duke1664
honey cherrya1671
nonsuch1674
merise1675
red-hearta1678
prince royal1686
lukeward1707
white-heart1707
May duke1718
Royal Ann1724
ox-heart1731
ratafia1777
choke-cherry1785
mountain cherry1811
rum cherry1818
sour cherry1884
Napoleon1886
Napoleon cherry1933
1599 J. Gerard Catal. Arborum (rev. ed.) 5 Cerasa cordata maiora, Great hart Cherrie.
1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxii. 199 Heart-Cherries, because they are made like a heart..are the firmest of all other.
1720 E. Albin Nat. Hist. Eng. Insects Descr. Pl. xxxix I took them at the Beginning of June on the Heart-cherry Tree.
1867 Cultivator & Country Gentleman 13 June 382/1 At the village of Aurora, standing on a wider and deeper portion of the Lake, a part of the fruit buds of the Heart cherries have escaped.
1937 M. Free Gardening xxii. 359 Heart cherries have juicy, soft, sweet flesh produced on a tree pyramidal in outline.
heart clover n. now rare or disused spotted medick, Medicago arabica (formerly M. maculata), which has heart-shaped leaflets marked with a purple spot.
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1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 1115 This heart claver hath very slender and small weake branches full of joynts, and round greenish Trefoile leaves upon long footstalkes at them, broad at the end and dented in, making the fashion of a Hart as it is usually expressed, with red spots in each of them.
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxv. 371 We have one variety [of Medicago] very common wild, called Heart-Clover from the form of the leaves, which are also generally spotted.
1896 J. G. Smith Fodder & Forage Plants 30 Medicago maculata. Spotted medick; Bur clover; California clover; Black medick; Heart clover... An Old World pasture plant, which has become widely introduced in the Eastern and Southern States.
1919 Bull. Misc. Information (Royal Bot. Gardens, Kew) 4 ‘Heart Clover’ or ‘Spotted Bur Clover’ (M. maculata, Sibth., M. arabica, All.) is a useful fodder plant in the United States.
heart-leaf n. and adj. (a) n. a heart-shaped leaf; any of various plants having such leaves; (b) adj. (attributive) having heart-shaped leaves (cf. heart-leaved adj. at Compounds 2c).In quot. 1854: = floating heart n. at floating adj. Compounds 1.
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1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. vi. 95/2 Is an Heart leafe, because it turns inward at the foot-stalk, like to the Heart.
1785 M. Cutler in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 488 Calla... Heart-leaf Flag.
1827 Casket Mar. 114/2 Styrandra bifolia. Double Heart-leaf.
1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 194 A few small heart-leaves and potamogetons.
1890 Cent. Dict. Heart-leaf, same as heart-trefoil.
1924 Torreya 24 79 (note) ‘Heart-leaf’ seems to be the universal common name for any species of Hexastylis in Georgia and Alabama, if not throughout the South.
1985 Jrnl. Range Managem. 38 312/2 Forbs included..heart-leaf arnica (Arnica cordifolia Hook.).
2007 H. Nourse & C. Nourse Favorite Wildflower Walks Georgia 137 The mottled evergreen leaves of heart-leaf [i.e. Hexastylis arifolia] are showier than its flowers.
† heart liver n. Obsolete rare (a) spotted medick, Medicago arabica (= heart clover n.); (b) melilot (cf. hart-clover n.). [Probably a folk-etymological alteration of (in sense (a)) heart clover n. and (in sense (b)) hart-clover n.]
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > medicks
medick?1440
snail clover1548
heart trefoil1597
snails1629
melilot trefoil1677
Barbary buttons1712
black-seed1763
snail-plant1767
black medick1778
heart liver1792
snail-shell medick1796
spotted medick1825
hop1866
Calvary clover1882
1792–4 T. Martyn Flora Rustica III. §76 Others call it [sc. Heart Medick] Heart Claver or Clover, which has been corrupted into Heart Liver.
1817 Encycl. Londinensis XV. 4/1 This medic is called by our Gerard heart-trefoil; others call it heart claver or clover, corrupted by the vulgar into heart-liver.
1843 Farmer's Mag. 7 289/1 Upon examination I found if bruised it gave out an unpleasant odour, very much resembling the scent of mellilot, or heart liver, and to which it bears some resemblance in the leaf.
† heart mint n. [after Dutch herte munte (1553 or earlier) or post-classical Latin mentha cardiaca (1576 or earlier)] Obsolete a variety of garden mint (perhaps a form or hybrid of spearmint, Mentha spicata); cf. heartwort n. 3.
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1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. lxxiv. 243 The garden Myntes are of four sortes, that is to say, Curlde Mynte, Crispe Mynte, Spere Mynte, and Harte Mynte.
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. ccxv. 553 The fourth is called in high Dutch Hertzkraut, as though it were to be named Cardiaca, or Cardiaca Mentha: in English Hart Woort, or Hart Mint.
1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 31 (caption) Mentha Romana angustifolio sive Cardiaca. Hart Mint, or Speare Mint.
1800 Trans. Linn. Soc. 5 206 This is a very distinct species of Mentha, often cultivated in gardens, where it is sometimes called Heart-mint, or Red-mint.
1821 S. F. Gray Nat. Arrangem. Brit. Plants II. 364 [Mentha gracilis] β. cardiaca... Heart mint. Heart wort.
heartnut n. †(a) (probably) the marking nut, Semecarpus anacardium (obsolete rare); (b) the Japanese walnut, Juglans ailantifolia, esp. its variety J. ailantifolia var. cordiformis, the nuts of which are heart-shaped.
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1568 W. Turner Herbal iii. 51 Anacardium maye be called in Englishe Hartnut of the likenes that it hath with an hart, for it is lyke a byrdes hart in proportion and in color also.
1891 M. S. K. Bahadur Materia Medica Madras I. 126 The marking-nut bears a resemblance to the heart..; hence its Arabic synonym Habbul-qalp or the heart-nut.
1907 Proc. Sixth Ann. Convent. National Nut Growers Assoc. 57 In connection with the heart nut, it is said that it comes true to seed more often than the Snow Apple.
1976 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 20 Jan. 11/3 Would you like to get into the nut game—specifically heartnuts? They're..quite different from the black walnut native to Canada.
1994 Earthkeeper Apr. 18/3 Bordon is convinced..that intercropping with such species as black walnut, heartnut, northern pecan or hybrid chestnuts has excellent economic potential in southern Ontario.
2008 Jrnl. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 81 346 Several nut trees of varying ages had been planted in the area including..heartnut, Juglans ailantifolia Carrière (Juglandaceae).
heart pea n. [after post-classical Latin pisum cordatum (1592 or earlier)] now rare = heart-seed n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > heart-pea
heart pea1597
Indian heart1597
winter cherry1597
heart-seed1759
balloon vine1835
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 271 The blacke winter Cherrie is called..in English the Indian hart, or hart Pease.
1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum Cardispermon, i.e. vesicaria repens, sive pisum cordatum, in English Heart-pease.
1764 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (new ed.) Cardiospermum,..Heart Pea; by the inhabitants of America called Wild Parsley.
1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. at Cardiospermum Wooly-leaved Heart-Pea, or Parsley-leaved Heart-seed.
1976 Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 221/1 [Cardiospermum] Halicababum L., Balloon vine, heart pea, winter cherry.
heart-seed n. now rare any of the tropical climbing plants constituting the genus Cardiospermum (family Sapindaceae), the seeds of which bear a heart-shaped marking; cf. heart pea n.; also called balloon vine.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > heart-pea
heart pea1597
Indian heart1597
winter cherry1597
heart-seed1759
balloon vine1835
1759 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 7) at Cardiospermum Heart Seed with trifoliate leaves.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 222 The common Heartseed..sometimes called also Winter Cherry, or Heart Pea.
1901 A. M. Earle Old Time Gardens vii. 184 Another old favorite was the Balloon-vine, sometimes called Heartseed or Heart-pea.
1999 B. Ellis Taylor's Guide Annuals 246 The 14 species of Cardiospermum are perennial, woody-stemmed vines native to the tropics of Africa, India, and the Americas. Commonly called balloon vine or heart seed.
heart trefoil n. now rare (historical in later use) spotted medick, Medicago arabica; = heart clover n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > medicks
medick?1440
snail clover1548
heart trefoil1597
snails1629
melilot trefoil1677
Barbary buttons1712
black-seed1763
snail-plant1767
black medick1778
heart liver1792
snail-shell medick1796
spotted medick1825
hop1866
Calvary clover1882
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 1021 The Hart Trefoile hath..leaues ioined togither by three on little slender footestalks, euery little leafe of the fashion of a Hart.
1656 W. Coles Art of Simpling 89 Heart Trefoyle is so called..also because each Leafe containes the perfect Icon of an Heart.
1738 G. C. Deering Catalogus Stirpium 220 Heart Trefoil or Clover, by some called Purple Grass.
1829 S. Glover Hist. County of Derby I. 121 [Trifolium] arabica, heart trefoil or claver, meadows and pastures, May.
1983 ‘E. Peters’ Sanctuary Sparrow ii. 40 It's the decoction of heart trefoil, the best thing I know to strengthen the heart.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

heartv.

Brit. /hɑːt/, U.S. /hɑrt/
Forms: early Old English hiertan, early Old English hierte (past tense), early Old English hirtan (Mercian), early Old English hyrttan, Old English gehyrt (past participle), Old English heortan (rare), Old English hertan (rare), Old English hyrt (3rd singular present indicative), Old English hyrtan, Old English hyrte (past tense), late Old English herte (past tense), Middle English hert, Middle English hert (3rd singular present indicative), Middle English herte, Middle English hirte, Middle English–1600s hart, 1500s– heart; also Scottish pre-1700 hart, pre-1700 1900s– hert.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: heart n.
Etymology: Originally (in Old English) < the same Germanic base as heart n. In later use, probably partly (in some uses in senses 1 and 2) the reflex of this Old English verb (chiefly showing remodelling after heart n.), and partly a new formation directly < heart n.In Old English a weak verb of Class I; in West Saxon showing breaking and i-mutation caused by the j- suffix (early West Saxon hiertan , late West Saxon hyrtan ); in Anglian not usually subject to breaking (Mercian hirtan ). The Old English forms heortan and also hertan perhaps reflect Kentish developments of the stem vowel. The prevalence of the form herten in Middle English, on the other hand, is probably either due to remodelling of this inherited verb after heart n., or indicates a new formation directly < heart n., int., and adv. In Old English the prefixed form gehiertan (compare y- prefix) is also attested; compare also edhiertan to refresh, restore (compare ed- prefix). Formal parallels (in a wide variety of different meanings) are found in other West Germanic languages: compare Middle Dutch herten to stab through the heart (Dutch harten to stab through the heart, to give courage to, (of a plant) to form a heart), Middle Low German herten to embrace, to love dearly, Old High German giherzen to agree inwardly (Middle High German herzen to provide with a heart, to make courageous, German herzen to embrace, hug).
1.
a. transitive. To give heart or courage to (a person, etc.); to inspire with confidence, to embolden; to encourage, to animate; = hearten v. 1. In early use also reflexive: to take heart; to be glad. Now archaic and rare.In quot. eOE intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > encourage or embolden [verb (transitive)]
hearteOE
bieldc897
hardenc1175
elnea1225
hardyc1225
boldc1275
hardishc1325
endurec1384
assurec1386
emboldc1400
recomfortc1405
enharda1450
support1479
enhardy1483
animatec1487
encourage1490
emboldishc1503
hearten1524
bolden1526
spright1531
raise1533
accourage1534
enheart1545
to hearten on1555
hearten?1556
alacriate1560
bespirit1574
bebrave1576
to put in heart1579
to hearten up1580
embolden1583
bravea1593
enhearten1610
inspiritc1610
rehearten1611
blood1622
mana1625
valiant1628
flush1633
firm1639
buoy1645
embrave1648
reinhearten1652
reanimate1655
reinspirit1660
to give mettle to1689
warm1697
to lift (up) a person's spirits1711
reman1715
to make a man of1722
respirit1725
elate1726
to cocker up1762
enharden1779
nerve1799
boost1815
brace1816
high-mettle1831
braven1865
brazen1884
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) viii. 53 Mid oðrum worde he hierte, mid oðrum he bregde.
OE Beowulf (2008) 2593 Hyrte hyne hordweard, hreðer æðme weoll, niwan stefne.
OE Homily: Sunnandæges Spell (Corpus Cambr. 419) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 209 Utan frefrian ahwænede and hyrtan ormode.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12947 Beduer heo gon hirten [c1300 Otho answerede] mid hende-liche worden.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1980 His sunes comen..And hertedin him.
a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) l. 1889 He herted so his cumpany, Þe moste coward was ful hardy.
c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 285 (MED) This one thing schulde stirre and herte thyn entencioun.
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 1181 (MED) Byd hym herte hym wele his enmy es destruede.
?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman i. iv. sig. D.ijv Those that be apte, shuld be harted & encoraged.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. sig. Hh4 Growing now so harted in his resolucion.
1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem i. 7 To sing and pray..hearts them more when danger comes, Then others Trumpets and their Drums.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Poems 33 A grief not uninformed and dull, Hearted with hope.
1905 P. L. Dunbar Lyrics of Sunshine & Shadow 11 What hearts us for the coming fray? The dawn tints of the day.
†b. transitive. With infinitive or that-clause expressing purpose. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 13 Ac he þat ine saule is strang..And hardeliche hert oþre men A-doun þat hi ne falle.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. i. 1095 Alle bestes of þe erþe beþ..yherted to gendre.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 165 That he mai therbi be hertid and strengthid in wil forto serue God.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 262 Martyrs she harted to suffer ioyfully trybulacyons.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne ix. liii. 169 Harting the Pagans that they shrinked not.
1848 Fraser's Mag. 38 315 It was long before I was hearted to herd again in the woods by myself.
†2. transitive. To comfort, soothe, relieve; to restore to health, invigorate, refresh. Obsolete.In quot. a1450 figurative: to cheer, delight.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > console or relieve
froverc900
hearteOE
lighteOE
onlightc1175
salvec1175
leathc1200
solace1297
stillc1315
to put in comfortc1320
easec1385
comfort1389
fordilla1400
recomforta1400
ronea1400
solancea1400
cheer?a1425
acheerc1450
consolate1477
repease1483
dilla1500
recreate?a1500
sporta1500
dulcerate?1586
comfit1598
comfortize1600
reassure1604
sweeten1647
console1693
re-establish1722
release1906
eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 130 Refocilando, hyrttende. [L. inergumenos et scotomaticos meritorum gratia refocilando.]
OE Sedulius Glosses (Corpus Cambr. 173) in F. Sandgren Otium et Negotium (1973) 212 Perfouet [aegros] : h [y] rteþ.
OE Confessionale Pseudo-Egberti (Tiber.) in Anglia (1889) 12 516 Earme men þu scealt hyrtan [L. pauperes recreare], hungrige fedan, & nacode scredan.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 1972 (MED) His [sc. Chaucer's] hy vertu astertith Vnslayn fro þe [sc. death], which ay vs lyfly hertyth With bookes of his ornat endytyng.
†3. transitive. To make (land) fertile or productive. Cf. hearten v. 2b, heart n. 18a. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > fertilize or manure [verb (transitive)]
gooda1525
marl1528
plentify1555
fat1562
fatten1563
season1563
heart1573
manure1577
soil1593
hearten1594
remanure1598
enrich1601
teasel1610
battle1611
batten1612
bedung1649
sweeten1733
top-dress1733
top1856
side-dress1888
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 44 The land is well harted, with helpe of the fold, for one or two crops.
4.
a. transitive. To establish or fix in the heart; to take to heart. In later use with in (a person, a person's head, etc.). Cf. hearted adj. 4. Now rare.In later use sometimes in conscious echo of quot. a1616.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > intense emotion > affect intensely [verb (transitive)] > be affected intensely or deeply by
to take (something) to hearta1375
to lay to (one's) heart1588
hearta1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 365 I hate the Moore, my cause is harted, thine has no lesse reason. View more context for this quotation
1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 6) 620 There is one thing, if we heare it, and heart it, enough to fright us all.
1668 R. Steele Husbandmans Calling xii. 43 His Religion is..most sound; and what he wants in Wording it, he hath in Hearting, and in Doing the whole will of God.
1776 St. James's Mag. July 295/2 An evil custom, when it is once firmly hearted in the bosom, is very rarely extirpated.
1841 L. Rede in K. Meadows Heads of People II. 177 The young spirit, fresh from the presence of his Maker, breathes of heaven—purity is hearted in him.
1896 W. R. Turnbull Heritage of Burns ii. i. 261 It is also markworthy that Iago..never feels but always reasons. His hate is hearted in the head.
1931 G. W. Knight Imperial Theme vii. 318 Unity, not duality, is hearted in the universal breast.
†b. transitive. To utter sincerely, from or as from the heart. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1642 S. Ashe Best Refuge 48 It will not be sufficient to say a Prayer..or to word it before the Lord; but we should rather heart it before God in holy prayer.
†c. transitive. To establish as central or essential. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1884 R. Browning Two Camels in Ferishtah's Fancies 84 The richness hearted in such joy Is in the knowing what are gifts we give.
5. In negative sense. Now rare.
a. transitive. Scottish. To strike in the region of the heart so as to cause loss of breath or consciousness.
ΚΠ
1630 in P. H. Brown Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1901) 2nd Ser. III. 585 Thomas..with his elbow hearted..Edward upon the breast and dang him backeward.
1680 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1911) 45 246 The major..stroke him so that they almost hearted him on the back.
?a1717 in J. Paterson Poems of Sempills of Beltrees (1869) 92 Habbie was sensible of the affront,..and gave the fellow a backward push in the breast, which hearted him, so that he fell down.
1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch (1845) xxvii. 225 Out he came, rampauging after her..with a large liver in each hand;—the one of which, after describing a circle round his head, flashed after her like lightning, and hearted her between the shoulders.
1912 G. Cunningham Verse 30 The callan was heartet and couldna get breath.
b. transitive. regional (chiefly Scottish). To take the heart from (in various senses of the noun); to steal or capture (a person's) heart.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)]
drearya1300
discomfortc1325
batec1380
to cast downa1382
to throw downa1382
dullc1386
faintc1386
discomfita1425
discourage1436
sinkc1440
mischeera1450
discheerc1454
amatea1500
bedowa1522
damp1548
quail1548
dash1550
exanimate1552
afflict1561
dank1565
disanimate1565
sadden1565
languish1566
deject1581
dumpc1585
unheart1593
mope1596
chill1597
sour1600
disgallant1601
disheart1603
dishearten1606
fainten1620
depress1624
sullen1628
tristitiate1628
disliven1631
dampen1633
weigh1640
out-spirit1643
dispirit1647
flat1649
funeralize1654
hearta1658
disencourage1659
attrist1680
flatten1683
dismalizec1735
blue-devil1812
out-heart1845
downweigh1851
to get down1861
frigidize1868
languor1891
downcast1914
neg1987
a1658 J. Durham Clavis Cantici (1668) iv. 227 Thou hast ravished my heart: The word in the first language is one, and it signifieth, Thou hast hearted me, or so to speak, Thou hast unhearted me.
?c1742 in G. W. Hervey Man. Revivals (1884) viii. 55 When the notes of the congregation began to swell in a psalm of confession, I felt as if it would have ‘hearted’ me—as if I must give way altogether.
1825 A. Clarke Holy Bible with Comm. & Crit. Notes (1828) III. (Song of Solomon iv. 9) 622/2 Thou hast hearted me, i. e. taken away my heart.
1913 B. H. Carroll Evangelistic Serm. v. 101 Instead of loving God with all his heart.., he was eaten up by that spiritual cancer, ‘the love of money’. He had hearted the law, leaving it an empty shell.
a1997 in J. Bradshaw Far Downers (2001) vi. 66 The work involved clearing all these niggerhead ferns.., hearting them. You've got to get them right down to the heart or they'll grow again.
6. transitive. Building. To fill up the central space within (a piece of masonry or other structure) with rubble, concrete, etc. Formerly also with †in.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > build or construct with stone [verb (transitive)] > other processes
raggle1525
pin1680
rusticate1715
heart1776
tool1815
boast1823
fine-axe1834
ashlar1836
riprap1837
stroke1842
ditch1865
wraggle1875
bush-hammera1884
thorough-bind1884
1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 49 We..laid a Course of large flat Stones, and filled and hearted them in close about the Pile.
1843 Pract. Mechanic Dec. 89/2 The walls, externally and internally, have ashlar facings, and are hearted with rubble.
1892 Good Words Feb. 103/1 It was enough to ‘heart’ the embankment with clay, and protect it outside with heavy stonework.
1903 Let. in E. L. Corthell Allowable Pressures on Deep Found. (1907) 23 Almost all railway bridges in India are carried by brick piers supported on..caissons sunk to a safe depth into the river bed and hearted with concrete.
1997 H. Bucksch Dict. Geotechnical Engin. 195/2 The method of installation..involves the driving of an outer casing, which..remains in the ground and is hearted with concrete and reinforcement.
7. intransitive. Of a plant, esp. a cabbage, lettuce, etc.: to form a heart (heart n. 16a); to have the leaves growing into a firm compact head. Also with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > head or heart > [verb (intransitive)] > grow heart or head
head?1440
pome1658
heart1789
1789 J. Abercrombie Compl. Kitchen Gardener 71 Cut in young, half, and full grown cabbage as required, and as coleworts, while they remain green and open, or just beginning to heart.
1887 Garden 22 Oct. 377/1 Movable frames will be put over the next batch [of lettuces] which are just hearting up.
1939 Times 18 Sept. 11/2 Cabbages do not heart up early in spring unless well established in early autumn.
1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. ix. 360 Lop lettuce (lettuces grown from seed which had never hearted).
2004 C. Foley Allotment Handbk. (2007) 104/1 Spring cabbage will be ready to eat as early greens, and will heart up in spring.
8. transitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). To love; to be fond of.Originally and chiefly with reference to logos using the symbol of a heart to denote the verb ‘love’: see quot. 1983.
ΚΠ
1983 Gazette (Montreal) 3 May c8/1 I'm delighted to see there's finally been a revolt against the annoying use of a stylized little red heart in place of the word ‘love’—as in ‘I (heart) New York’.]
1984 About Helmet Visor Screws in net.cycle (Usenet newsgroup) 26 June Joe ‘I heart my dogs [sic] head’ Weinstein.
1986 Daily Collegian (Pennsylvania State Univ.) 14 Feb. 2/3 I just want to say to my Bunny Boo I Heart you Kathleen.
1998 Houston Chron. 10 May (Chronilog section) 7/1 I think he's so cute. I heart him to bits.
2003 Time Out N.Y. 7 Aug. 77/1 If you heart dance like DJ Scott does, then hie thee down to this little drink spot tonight.
2010 Observer 18 July 13/4 I hearted Take That..with a teary passion that was deemed unbecoming in a Jesus and Mary Chain fan.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.int.adv.eOEv.eOE
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