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单词 hire
释义

hiren.

Brit. /ˈhʌɪə/, U.S. /ˈhaɪ(ə)r/
Forms: Old English hýr, hír, Middle English huire, Middle English huyre, hure, Middle English hir, hijre, Middle English here, Middle English–1600s hyre, Middle English huyr, hyr, 1500s hyire, 1500s–1600s hier, hyer, Middle English– hire.
Etymology: Old English hýr strong feminine, corresponding to Old Frisian hêre (West Frisian hiere), Old Low German *hûria (Middle Low German, Middle Dutch hûre, Low German hüre, hür, Dutch huur; German heuer, Danish hyre, Swedish hyra, all from Low German) < Germanic type *hûrjâ-, not known in Old High German, Old Norse, or Gothic.
1. Payment contracted to be made for the temporary use of anything. (In Old English, esp. for money lent; usury, interest.) to be or have on hire, to let (†put, set) to hire, i.e. at the service of another in consideration of payment made by him.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > hire or rent > [noun]
hirec1000
layc1175
wage1447
rent1891
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun]
hirec1000
shipec1000
shipingc1275
servicec1300
soldc1330
wage1338
payment1370
reward1371
pay?a1400
mercedec1400
remunerationc1400
souldie1474
emolument1480
soldery1502
stipend?1518
entertainment1535
task-money1593
consideration1607
gratuitya1637
wadage1679
addling1757
solde1852
treatment1852
screw1853
time1877
money1887
wage payment1923
c1000 Ælfric Deut. xxiii. 19 Ne læne þine breþer nan þing to hire.
c1000 Ælfric Lev. xxv. 37 Ne syle þu þin feoh to hyre.
c1000 Ecgberht's Penit. iii. Proem.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6778 Elles noght..I lete to hire for ani mede.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 509 He sette nought. his benefice to hyre [v.rr. hire, huyre].
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. v. 53 Longe tyme haue ye putte youre tonges to hyre, ye witnessers of falshede.
1483 Cath. Angl. 186/2 To let to Hire, locare.
1495–7 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 186 Payed to Richard Yoksale of Portesmouth ffor the hyre of hys bote.
1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 250 Ffreight & hyre of a crayer.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark xii. f. lxij A certayne man planted a vine yarde..and lett it out to hyre vnto husbandemen.
1583 C. Hollyband Campo di Fior 93 Of him that in..streate keepeth horses to hier.
1587 F. James in C. R. L. Fletcher Collectanea (1885) I. 199 Bote hyre from Lambeth.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. i. 13 The hire is pretty reasonable both for the Vessels, and the Men.
1717 tr. A. F. Frézier Voy. South-Sea 109 Paying him the King's Duty, and the Hire of the Mill.
1870 W. M. Baker New Timothy 161 To keep one's conscience, too, on hire, as that drunken Isham..at the livery-stable does a horse.
1898 N.E.D. at Hire Mod. Bicycles on hire.
2. Payment contracted to be made for personal service; wages.
ΚΠ
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 155 Ed halden oðeres. hure ouer his richte terme nis hit reaflac strong.
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 285/242 He scholde him paye is huyre.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke x. 7 Forsothe a workman is worthi his hyre.
a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 2972 And of þe meistri icham sure, Ȝif he wile ȝilde min hure.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 283 a/2 They..sayd they wold brynge hym thyder without ony freyght or huyr.
1502 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 76 For the scole hyer of the same Edward..every quarter viij d. ijs.
1583 C. Hollyband Campo di Fior 61 What aske you for your hyer?.. I will contente myself with a small hier.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 277 Their testimony against preaching for hire.
1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 4 They had other thoughts besides those of their hire and wages.
3. figurative. Reward, recompense, payment (for work or service of any kind).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > reward or a reward > [noun]
shipec1000
rightOE
yielda1200
hire?c1225
foryieldinga1300
tithinga1300
rentc1300
lowera1325
guerdon?a1366
recompensationa1382
retributionc1384
reward?1387
reguerdona1393
rewardon?a1400
mercimonyc1400
pensionc1400
remunerationc1400
recompensec1425
wardonc1480
salary1484
premiationa1513
requital1556
repayment1561
requite1561
renumeration1572
remisea1578
lieu1592
reguerdonment1599
gratulation1611
muneration1611
requit1786
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 314 Hare hure schal beon þe eche blisse of heoue [?a1289 Scribe D heouene].
a1300 Cursor Mundi 23192 Sathanas..sal casten be..in a stincand stang o fire; þar sal be yolden him his hire.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. vi. 22 Treuli the hyris of synne, deeth.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 29 Our lorde god shal ones rewarde them their hyre.
c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxxii. 10 Schort plesour, lang displesour; Repentence is the hyre.
1608 D. Tuvill Ess. Politicke, & Morall f. 2v Some..that thinke the very disturbance of things established, a sufficient hyre to set them on worke.
1841 G. P. R. James Brigand iv And make her hand the hire of this Savoyard.
4. The action of hiring or fact of being hired.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > buying > hiring or renting > [noun]
hiringc1400
conduction1538
renting1552
hire1615
1615 J. Stephens Satyrical Ess. 189 The dispersed hire of acquaintance to extoll things indifferent.
1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi I. i. iv. 74 Ay, it is the duty of thy hire.
1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xiv. 357 A savage hire,—and the wages he receives are as dispiteous.
1898 N.E.D. at Hire Mod. To arrange for the hire of a horse.

Compounds

C1. attributive, as hire-car, hire-carriage, hire-payer, hire-wage. Also hiregang n., hireman n., hire-woman n.
ΚΠ
1483 Cath. Angl. 186/2 An Hire payer, mercedarius.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xvi. 134 b To digge in the field for hire wages from daie to daye.
1901 R. Kipling Kim v. 122 The woman, she kept kabarri shop near where the hire-carriages are.
1947 E. Afr. Ann. 1946–7 28/2 (advt.) Largest fleet of hire cars in Kenya.
1964 R. Braddon Year Angry Rabbit xi. 94 It was her hire car that rammed the car taking Dorfmann and Welch to the deportation ship.
1966 Times 28 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) p. ii Planes and hire-cars whisk you to the magic.
C2.
hire-purchase n. a system by which a hired article becomes, by virtue of a stipulated number of payments, the property of the hirer; used esp. attributively; also as v. Cf. H.P. n. at H n. Initialisms.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > buying > [noun] > hire purchase
time payment1852
consumers' credit1886
hire-purchase1895
never-never1926
society > trade and finance > buying > buy [verb (intransitive)] > incrementally or hire purchase
hire-purchase1895
staircase1988
1895 Brit. Warehouseman Feb. 30/2 The plaintiff let a piano to one Sullivan under an ordinary hire-purchase agreement.
1896 Daily News 24 Jan. 7/2 Mr. Moore..was the inventor of the now widely adopted hire-purchase system.
1898 Westm. Gaz. 11 Jan. 2/1 Could not the hire-purchase system be worked?
1909 Chambers's Jrnl. July 421/1 Not hire-purchased, you see; I'm not to be gulled by silly advertisements. No. I found my own shop and made my own choice.
1909 Installation News iii. 134/1 The hire and hire-purchase of cooking, heating, and other apparatus.
1923 ‘Bartimeus’ Seaways 36 If it wasn't for my daughter Annie bein' musical an' wantin' a pianner on the 'ire purchase, I wouldn't stop aboard 'er another night.
1930 Economist 25 Jan. 215/2 (advt.) Bank of England and Hire Purchase.
1972 Mod. Law Rev. 35 i. 38 All three hire-purchase agreements were illegal.
hire-purchasing adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > buying > [adjective] > buying on hire purchase
hire-purchasing1960
1960 Author Summer 64/2 All up-to-date readers are hire-purchasing electronic computers to read their library books for them.
1960 Guardian 9 May 6/7 The true-born, hire-purchasing Briton.

Draft additions July 2002

U.S. A person who is hired; an employee.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > employee
employé1811
workhand1821
employe1835
employee1850
employée1862
permanent1863
staff1931
perm1945
staffer1950
hire1954
1954 Industr. & Labor Relations Rev. 7 576/2 New hires must be asked to join [the union] and the old employees must be persuaded to retain their membership.
1975 Business Week (Nexis) 24 Nov. 85 Three-quarters [of companies] will reimburse present executives for such selling costs as broker's commission, legal expenses, title and survey fees. One-fourth will reimburse new hires.
1990 Harvard Business Rev. Mar. 113/1 Finding first-rate hires is only one piece of the effort.
2001 Time 30 July y4 Search firms say they have their work cut out for them finding hires with the right brand and degree of aggressiveness.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

hirev.

Brit. /ˈhʌɪə/, U.S. /ˈhaɪ(ə)r/
Forms: Old English hýrian, hýran, Middle English hure(n, Middle English huyre, Middle English–1600s hyre, 1500s hiare, hyer, 1500s–1600s hier, Middle English– hire.
Etymology: Old English hýrian , corresponding to Old Frisian hêra , Old Low German *hûrian (Middle Low German, Middle Dutch hûren , Low German hüren , Dutch huren , German heuern , Danish hyre , Swedish hyra , < Low German), < hire n.: see hire n.
1.
a. transitive. To engage the service of (a person) for a stipulated reward; to employ for wages. Phrase hire and fire [fire v.1 22] ; also as n. attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [verb (transitive)] > hire or employ
hirec1000
i-bye10..
i-hirec1000
soldc1386
takea1400
retain1437
wage1465
conduct1476
fee1488
conduce1502
implya1533
entertain1572
enter1585
wager1592
to fill up1598
to take on1611
improve1640
to speak for ——a1688
employa1727
engage1753
ploy1871
to turn on1893
to book up1915
society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [verb (transitive)] > hire or employ > employ or dismiss to fit work available
hire and fire1958
c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 72 Seðe..wolde hyrian wyrhtan into his wingearde.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 7 Us nan mann ne hyrode [c1160 Hatton G. herde].
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 102 Forto hure wið ham as me deð mid gersume þeo þet wel fechteð.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 80 Þe bisshop..Hired ilk a man.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 51 An oost þat was i-hered [MS. γ yhuyred] out of Grecia.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. ix. 336 Bote he be heyliche yhyred elles wol he chide.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 241/2 Hyryn, conduco.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xxvi. B Whoso hyreth a foole, hyreth soch one as wyl take no hede.
1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Popish Kingdome iii. f. 43v They also hier folkes to say the Psalter speedily.
1663 A. Cowley Ess. in Verse & Prose (1669) iii As if he hir'd the workers by the day.
1744 Hist. & Proc. House of Commons 14 154 They have already been informed there was no necessity of hiring Auxiliary Troops.
1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 182 Chinamen are in the country and can be hired cheaply.
1958 Listener 23 Oct. 632/2 Men who can be hired and fired according to the current level of business.
1963 Times 6 Feb. 6/3Hire and fire’ is no longer associated with the construction industries.
1963 Times 24 Apr. 7/4 Sir Donald said a five-year building programme should be planned in the public sector to ensure continuity of work and stop the ‘hire and fire’ attitude.
1970 Sci. Amer. Mar. 35/3 The inability to hire and fire in order to vary the work force with fluctuations in the business cycle.
1973 Advocate-News (Barbados) 20 Feb. 4/2 The locals are in the ‘hire and fire’ positions.
b. transferred. To engage or induce to do something by a payment or reward; to bribe.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [verb (transitive)] > bribe
meedOE
underorna1325
corrump1387
forbuy1393
hirec1400
wage1461
fee1487
under-arearc1503
bribe1528
grease1528
money1528
corrupt1548
budc1565
to feed with money1567
to put out a person's eyes with (a gift, bribe, etc.)1580
sweeten1594
to grease the fist or (one) in the fist1598
over-bribe1619
to buy off1629
palter1641
to take off1646
buy1652
overmoneya1661
bub1684
to speak to ——1687
to tickle in the palm1694
daub1699
overbuy1710
touch1752
palm1767
to get at ——1780
fix1790
subsidize1793
sop1837
to buy over1848
backsheesh1850
nobble1856
square1859
hippodrome1866
see1867
boodleize1883
boodle1886
to get to ——1901
reach1906
straighten1923
lubricate1928
to keep (someone) sweet1939
sling1939
to pay off1942
bung1950
c1400 Gamelyn 786 He was fast aboute bothe day and other, For to hyre the quest to hangen his brother.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. 246/1 A man could not hyre a Jewe to sit down vpon his byble of the olde testament.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. xciii. 357 Cullin..was hired by English runagates in the Low Countries to kill the Queene.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 235 Thymætes first ('tis doubtful whether hir'd, Or so the Trojan Destiny requir'd) Mov'd that the Ramparts might be broken down.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 159 A popish priest was hired with the promise of the mitre of Waterford to preach at Saint James's against the Act of Settlement.
2. To procure the temporary use of (any thing) for stipulated payment. Also intr.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > buying > hiring or renting > hire [verb (transitive)]
hirec1275
conduct1476
conduce1502
job1758
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15194 Þa scipen heo gunnen hure mid ahten swiðe deore.
c1290 Beket 1161 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 139 [He] huyrde him a mere, For an Englichs peni, with an haltre, þis holi man to bere.
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 375 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 310 For cariage þe porter hors schalle hyre.
1583 C. Hollyband Campo di Fior 327 He had hired a house in Colme~streate.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. i. 95 A ship you sent me too, to hier waftage. View more context for this quotation
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 31 July (1965) I. 420 I hir'd an Ass..that I might go some miles into the Country.
1863 M. E. Braddon Eleanor's Victory (1878) I. iii. 45 He hired a villa by the Lake of Como.
1877 A. Sewell Black Beauty xxxi He determined to give up keeping a horse, and to hire when he wanted one.
3.
a. To grant the temporary use of for stipulated payment; to let out on hire; to lease.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > hire or rent out [verb (transitive)]
let909
hirec1384
rentc1447
to let out1526
locatec1580
wage1590
to farm outa1593
hackney1608
to set out1614
ablocate1623
job1726
to hire out1776
to set off1799
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark xii. 1 A man plauntide a vyneȝerd..and hirede it to erthe tilieris.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope 3 [He] demaunded of the poure yong man that he wold hyre to hym a parte of his hows.
1589 G. Fletcher in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 80 That no man should hier owt horse or boat to anie Englishman.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Sam. ii. 5 They that were full, haue hired out themselues for bread. View more context for this quotation
1662 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 462 Having skill in gardning and manuring [he] hired himselfe to gent. there for that imployment.
1721 Duxbury Rec. (1893) 238 That the said money should be hired out at five pounds per cent. to such persons as shall give sufficient security for the same.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Dora in Poems (new ed.) II. 35 He left his father's house, And hired himself to work within the fields.
b. intransitive (for reflexive). to hire out: to engage oneself as a servant for payment. Chiefly North American.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > hire or rent out [verb (transitive)]
let909
hirec1384
rentc1447
to let out1526
locatec1580
wage1590
to farm outa1593
hackney1608
to set out1614
ablocate1623
job1726
to hire out1776
to set off1799
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > be servant [verb (intransitive)] > engage oneself as a servant
to hire out1776
1776 S. Curwen Jrnl. & Lett. (1864) 74 The inhabitants [of Sidmouth, Devon, England] chiefly hired out to the Newfoundland traders.
1834 S. Smith Sel. Lett. Major Jack Downing xv. 35 I had hired out here this summer.
1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 83 Poor white girls never hired out to do servants' work.
1884 Harper's Mag. May 882/1 They hire out to..farmers.
1969 in H. Halpert & G. M. Story Christmas Mumming in Newfoundland 26 They hired out as fishing servants.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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