| 释义 |
helleboren. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin elleborus; French ellebore. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin elleborus (also elleborum: see below); subsequently reinforced (compare β. forms) by Anglo-Norman ellebre, ellebor, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French elebre, Anglo-Norman and Middle French ellebore, Old French, Middle French elebore, Middle French elebor (first half of the 13th cent.; French ellébore ; compare earlier aliboron drug made from hellebore (late 12th cent.)) < classical Latin elleborus , helleborus (also elleborum, helleborum with alteration of gender perhaps after its native classical Latin equivalent vērātrum veratrum n.) any of various medicinal plants valued especially for their strong purgative properties, preparation of hellebore (adopted in scientific Latin as the genus name Helleborus : Linnaeus Species plantarum (1753) I. 557, after his earlier use in Systema naturæ (1735)) < ancient Greek ἑλλέβορος , (Ionic) ἐλλέβορος , of uncertain origin; perhaps < ἑλλός , ἐλλός young deer, fawn ( < the same Indo-European base as Russian olen′ olen n.) + -βορος (see polyborine adj.), in sense ‘food’, hence to be understood as ‘food of deer’ (deer were thought to recognize medicinal plants). Compare Old Occitan ellebori (1350), elebor (1462), Catalan elèbor (14th cent. as lebor), Spanish eléboro (1250 as leboro), Portuguese heléboro (a1543 as hellebero), Italian elleboro (14th cent.).In Latin and in Greek forms without initial aspiration are more common but in English initial h has been restored. With white hellebore (see sense 1) compare classical Latin helleborum album , helleborum candidum (Pliny), Hellenistic Greek ἑλλέβορος λευκός ; also Anglo-Norman elebre blanc (c1240). With black hellebore (see sense 1) compare classical Latin helleborum nigrum, Hellenistic Greek ἑλλέβορος μέλας; also Anglo-Norman elebre neir (c1240). 1. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > hellebores or medicinal hellebores OE Ælfric (Julius) (1900) II. 232 Martinus þa on þære tide on his mete þigde þa ættrian wyrt, þe elleborum hatte, and þæt attor sona hine swiðe þreade fornean to deaðe. ?a1200 (?OE) (1896) 17 Nim castorium oððer elleborum and wyrc to duste and do hyt innan þanosan. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 223v Eleborus haþ þe name of þe Ryuer Eleborus for þere groweþ moche þerof. a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 83 Sle hem [sc. worms] wiþ þe ius of calamynte..eiþer wiþ decoccioun of elebre. (Harl. 221) 138/1 Elebre, herbe [1499 Pynson elebyr; a1500 King's Cambr. elebyr], Eleborus. tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 1044 This wermot and eleure [v.r. elebre; L. helleborum]. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin (1634) iv. xix. 730 (margin) Anticyra where groweth Hellebor, a good purgation for phrenticke heads. 1650 Sir T. Browne (ed. 2) iii. xxvii. 152 Whether Quailes from any idiosyncracy or peculiarlty of constitution, doe innocuously feed upon Hellebore. 1718 J. Quincy 30 Plants, which abound less with Rosin, such as Hellebore. 1829 S. Cooper (ed. 3) I. 372 The hellebores, helleboraster, and cevadilla,..are pungent bitters united with a strong cathartic power, and are hence very active vermifuges. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Liliaceae family or plants > [noun] > hellebore the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Liliaceae family or plants > [noun] > white or swamp hellebore 1792 G. Imlay 208 Of herbs, &c. we have of the wild sort..hellebore, wolf's-bane, spikenard. 1882 28 Jan. 56/2 Hellebores..are at present almost the only occupants in flower in outdoor gardens. 1907 ‘N. Blanchan’ xvii. 253 By the time the skunk cabbage and bright-green, fluted leaves of hellebore are pushing through the bogs and wet woodlands in earliest spring, back he comes again. 1949 E. Goudge iii. i. 290 She had the nine mystic herbs growing in her garden; hellebore, rosemary, lavender, sage, comfrey, rue, wormwood, marjoram, and vervain. 1996 S. J. Ostrander xvi. 49 Wildflowers common in the gap include purple loosestrife..and hellebore Veratrum viride, whose roots and foliage are poisonous. 2002 Sept. 42/2 She continued to line-breed coloured orientalis types of hellebore, aiming for pure pinks, plums, greens, primrose and slate-black. 2. With distinguishing word. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. 1336 His [sc. Argol's] herbe, which is him betake, Is hote Eleborum the blake.] a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 223v Þe blak elebor [L elleborus niger] is moche more perilous. c1450 in W. R. Dawson (1934) 242 (MED) Elibere white and blak. 1590 E. Spenser ii. vii. sig. S8v Dead sleeping Poppy, and black Hellebore. 1601 R. Chester 85 There is blacke Hellebore cald Melampodium. 1702 W. Hope tr. J. de Solleysel (new ed.) ii. xix. 288 Rub the place once or twice..with a large handful of Lousewort, or Bastard Hellebore; which is a Plant with long notched leaves. 1737 J. Armstrong 325 Let a great many deep Pits be dug about their Roots, and filled with great Quantities of green Hellebore Root. 1778 G. White Let. 3 July in (1789) 234 Helleborus fœtidus, stinking hellebore, bear's foot, or setterworth... Women give the leaves powdered to children troubled with worms... Helleborus viridis, green hellebore. 1832 W. Hone 5 The winter hellebore usually flowers, in mild weather, about the conversion of St. Paul, January 25th. 1875 H. C. Wood (1879) 536 Black Hellebore has been used by some as a purgative emmenagogue, but is now very rarely if ever employed. 1879 J. S. Hibberd 1st Ser. 155 The Oriental hellebore..is strikingly handsome, the flowers being large, of a soft rose-colour. 1917 H. C. Long ii. 13 Two poisonous species of hellebore may on occasion be taken by livestock, though rarely—Stinking Hellebore..and Green Hellebore. 1931 M. Grieve I. 388/1 The Black Hellebore—once known as Melampode—is a perennial, low-growing plant. 1955 15 Mar. 10/4 Even the stinking hellebore on the chalk hill, though it is undeniably flowering has a blighted and frosted look. 2000 (Nexis) 28 Jan. 23 White and yellow primulas..with the vivid yellow of forsythia and grey pussy-willow above and the greenish-white of winter hellebores between. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 223v White eleborus..haþ white rootes and purgeþ white and fleumatik humours, and þe blake haþ blake rootis and purgeþ and clenseþ blake malencolik humours. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens iii. xxiv. 348 White Ellebor vnprepared, and taken out of time and place..is very hurtfull to the body. 1686 R. Blome xiii. 268/2 For destroying them [sc. rodents] within-Doors, Traps are very good; also Baits of..the Roots of white Hellebore, mixt with Sugar, and laid in their Holes. 1747 J. Wesley 30 In the fit, Blow Powder of White Hellebore up the Nose. 1817 J. Bigelow I. 121 Veratrum viride... American Hellebore. 1861 Apr. 388/2 The rich coarse vegetation of the veratrum, or American hellebore. 1908 A. R. Harding (rev. ed.) 307 The fresh rootstock of American Hellebore is ovoid or obconical, upright, thick, and fleshy. 1931 E. O. Essig vii. 449 The American white hellebore or Indian poke, V[eratrum] viride. 1965 11 Mar. a6/2 The leaves and roots of white hellebore (Indian poke)..have been used in medicine to slow the pulse. 1999 126 90/2 Wet wooded areas were replete with..the green peaks of false hellebore (Veratrum viride). the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > medicine for mental conditions > [noun] > specific plant ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. D.iij, in Yf the vlcere be nat cured by suche thynges they mynystre elebore called veratram in latyn. 1598 J. Marston i. i. sig. B6 As methodist Musus, kild with Hellebore. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor I. i. iii. 104 My thinking that mercury is not poison, nor hellebore purgative, cannot make an antidote or deletery against them. 1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus xxxviii As whether..Hellebore can purge a Mad-man's Head. 1728 E. Chambers at Spasmus A Spasmus happening after the taking of Hellebore, or any other violent Purgative, is mortal. 1779 S. Johnson Milton in II. 102 The author that thinks himself weather-bound will find, with a little help from hellebore, that he is only idle or exhausted. 1830 W. Scott vii. 204 Wretches fitter for a course of hellebore than for the stake. 1884 Ld. Tennyson iv.ii. 165 Such A strong hate-philtre as may madden him—madden Against his priest beyond all hellebore. 1912 W. C. O'Kane xv. 68 Hellebore is a white powder, consisting of the finely ground roots of the plant known as white hellebore (veratrum album). 1931 J. Gavorse iv. 185 But Caligula ordered him put to death, adding that a man who had not been helped by so long a course of hellebore needed to be bled. 1996 G. Waldbauer viii. 188 Among these insecticides derived from plants are ryania, hellebore, sabadilla,..[etc.]. Compounds1649 N. Culpeper 340 Take of black Hellebore roots as we have them with us, the woody pith being taken away, steep..in juyce of Quinces three daies, with a moderate heat, then dry them and keep them. 1712 Catal. Seeds Amer. Islands in J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. I. sig. cv Papaver, the white prickly Poppy, with the Hellebore leaf, whose yellow or golden Juice purges dropsical Bodies. 1792 W. Osbaldiston at Herbes They put into a horse's counter a piece of hellebore-root. 1842 C. W. Johnson at June Watch your sheep; the fly is now on the wing. Have..the hellebore powder and black brimstone ready. 1878 tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. XVII. 742 Hellebore-poisoning..results from the joint action of the two active principles contained in the plant. 1942 18 June 6/6 A dreid hellebore flower and a thornapple fruit are stuck in the centre of a slightly messy sketch. 1992 21 Feb. 49/2 The best thing to be said for snails..is that, according to Geoffrey Grigson, they eat the oil coat around hellebore seeds, which then take a ride on the slime. 1999 Apr. 55/1 Hellebore leaves should be cut off in October so that new growth doesn't become infected with hellebore leaf blotch. Derivatives 1633 J. Hart iii. xi. 272 His helleborate medicines. 1727 N. Bailey Helleborose, full of hellebore. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow 4 An Eleborous purge to make him disgorge the gall of his bitternesse. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.OE |
