headwatern.

Brit.

/ˈhɛdˌwɔːtə/, U.S.

/ˈhɛdˌwɔdər/,

/ˈhɛdˌwɑdər/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: head n.¹, water n.

Etymology: < head n.¹ + water n. With sense 1 compare early modern German hewbt wasser (1523 in Luther's translation of the passage translated in quot. 1535 at sense 1). In sense 2 after French chef d'eau (1576 in the passage translated in quot. 1594 at sense 2). With sense 3 compare earlier head n.¹ 38a and headspring n.

†1. A main or principal river. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > types of river > [noun] > specific

headwater1535

Sabbatical river1613

salt river1659

tide-river1739

river pirate1743

salmon river1753

artery1787

warp-river1799

feeder1825

lost river1843

banker1848

tidal river1877

pirate1889

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. ii. B A ryuer..there deuyded it selfe in to foure heade waters [1530 Tyndale principall waters; L. capita].

†2. Apparently: = high water n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > high

main floodc1303

full flooda1375

full sea1390

high water1422

full water1498

full tide1538

high tide1546

tide1570

headwater1594

young flood1611

pleni-tide1617

top of flood1867

1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course i. f. 5 From that time forwarde they increase euery day vntill the fifteenth when it is full moone, and then it beginneth againe to be head water [Fr. chef d'eau].

3. A tributary stream of a river close to or forming part of its source. Frequently in plural: these streams collectively; the part of a river or stream closest to its source. Cf. head n.¹ 38.rare before the mid 18th cent., when the term begins to be widely used in North American contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > head or source

headeOE

wellspringOE

springOE

uptaking1241

head wella1325

wellheadc1330

sourcec1386

headspringa1398

headstreama1398

risinga1398

surge1523

springhead?a1560

head fountain1563

water head1567

fountainhead1585

headwater1612

fill1622

water source1651

urn1726

vomica1838

sponge-swamp1901

1612 T. Wilson Christian Dict. 177 Fountain, a Spring, from whence Waters, Brooks, or Riuers do spring, or an head-water.

1759 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) VIII. 263 Several Indians..who lived near the indian Town Bouclones, on the Head Waters of the Ohio.

1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia ii. 20 The Great Kanhaway is a river of considerable note..as leading towards the head waters of James river.

1796 J. W. Condy Descr. River Susquehanna 14 All the territory on the head water of the north-east branch of Susquehanna in New York.

1817 Caledonian Mercury 31 May Brazil is bounded..on the west by the head waters of the Rio de la Plata.

1830 Columbian Star 9 Jan. 22/1 I left home on this day week for the settlement, on the head water of the Conemaugh river.

1901 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 31 174 The Kenyahs inhabit a district far inland among the head-waters of the Baram river.

1970 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee iv. 77 Five days later, along the headwaters of the Smoky Hill, Wynkoop's advance scouts sighted a force of several hundred warriors.

1998 W. C. Kaiser Hist. Israel 23 The Jordan River has its sources in three headwaters on the more-than-9,000-foot-high Mt. Hermon.

2012 M. Santos Cleansing Honor with Blood i. 21 Bahian and Pernambucan cattlemen began setting up ranches along the headwaters of the Jaguaribe and Acaraú rivers.

a. The water forming the head (head n.¹ 44b) for a mill, turbine, etc. Cf. tail-water n. at tail n.¹ Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1770 J. Watt Let. 25 Feb. in J. P. Muirhead Origin & Progress Mech. Inventions J. Watt (1854) I. 92 A very curious sluice for giving it water, so that scarce any of the power is lost by head-water.

1775 F. Forbes Misc. Diss. Rural Subj. 374 The surface of the head-water being 7,5 feet above the top of the wheel, the velocity of it is 21,9581 feet per second.

1828 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 14 Nov. They [sc. the water wheels] are set as low as the bottom of the mill pond, and can be used with effect, with only sixteen inches of head water.

1869 Architect 13 Mar. 141/1 At Iffley we propose that the lock and mill should be entirely removed; this will immediately deprive the Weirs Mill of its head water.

1908 J. Englefield Dry-fly Fishing for Trout & Grayling viii. 87 The little weir..acts as a dam to keep up the mill head-water to a proper level.

1955 Sentinel (Marion, Iowa) 15 Sept. The mill..operated on 10 feet of head water which pulled the turbine.

2011 B. Farish Frolicking Physio vi. 36 The damned-up millpond had a constant deep pool of headwater with a sluice gate which, when opened, turned the mill wheel.

b. Without article: = head water mark n. at Compounds 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > kept at a height > mark showing

head water mark1846

headwater1895

1895 Trans. New Eng. Cotton Manufacturers' Assoc. No. 58. 130 Both of these walls are 8 feet above head water. The bottom of the forebay..is 18 feet below head water.

1922 A. H. Church Introd. Plant Life Oxf. District I. ii. 27 The record flood of 1894..rose to a maximum of 2 ft. 9 in. above Head Water, or 9 in. over the lock-edge and towpath.

1933 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 52 216/2 The turbine can be set above head water without exceeding allowable height above tailwater.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 3).

ΚΠ

1837 H. M. Shreve Let. 26 Dec. in Rep. L. R. Shreve & W. R. Carter (36th U.S. Congr. 1st Sess. Rep. C.C. No. 205) 92 The Bayou Pierre..may be improved so as to be used for navigation as far up as the entrance of a headwater stream coming from the west side of the river.

1895 Educ. Rev. Nov. 356 The whole river-system, its dismembered headwater streams excepted.

1914 R. S. Tarr College Physiogr. i. xv. 566 Anything that accelerates headwater erosion on one side of a divide..gives opportunity for the pushing back of the divide.

1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. xiii. 140 The road from Evesham and Broadway runs along the plateau top east of the headwater valleys of the Dikler.

1992 Times 16 Nov. 8/8 Headwater springs of the Kennet have started flowing strongly at Silbury Hill, Wiltshire.

C2.

head water mark n. now rare a mark showing the maximum water level attained or permitted in a particular body of water; esp. a maximum allowable level of headwater (sense 4a); the water level indicated by this mark; cf. high-water mark n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > kept at a height > mark showing

head water mark1846

headwater1895

1846 Bell's Life in London 12 Apr. 4/5 The well-known Calvey Brook..had been dammed up to head water-mark, and required a clear jump of 18 feet.

1894 Act 57 & 58 Vict. c. clxxxvii. §75 [They] shall..prevent the waters of the Thames being at any place above the level of any head-water-mark for the time being fixed.

1953 Times 10 Feb. 3/2 The maximum level of the Thames during the flood, as recorded at Teddington, was 3ft. 5in. above standard head water mark.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	headwater
释义	headwatern. Brit. /ˈhɛdˌwɔːtə/, U.S. /ˈhɛdˌwɔdər/, /ˈhɛdˌwɑdər/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: head n.¹, water n. Etymology: < head n.¹ + water n. With sense 1 compare early modern German hewbt wasser (1523 in Luther's translation of the passage translated in quot. 1535 at sense 1). In sense 2 after French chef d'eau (1576 in the passage translated in quot. 1594 at sense 2). With sense 3 compare earlier head n.¹ 38a and headspring n. †1. A main or principal river. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > types of river > [noun] > specific headwater1535 Sabbatical river1613 salt river1659 tide-river1739 river pirate1743 salmon river1753 artery1787 warp-river1799 feeder1825 lost river1843 banker1848 tidal river1877 pirate1889 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. ii. B A ryuer..there deuyded it selfe in to foure heade waters [1530 Tyndale principall waters; L. capita]. †2. Apparently: = high water n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > high main floodc1303 full flooda1375 full sea1390 high water1422 full water1498 full tide1538 high tide1546 tide1570 headwater1594 young flood1611 pleni-tide1617 top of flood1867 1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course i. f. 5 From that time forwarde they increase euery day vntill the fifteenth when it is full moone, and then it beginneth againe to be head water [Fr. chef d'eau]. 3. A tributary stream of a river close to or forming part of its source. Frequently in plural: these streams collectively; the part of a river or stream closest to its source. Cf. head n.¹ 38.rare before the mid 18th cent., when the term begins to be widely used in North American contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > head or source headeOE wellspringOE springOE uptaking1241 head wella1325 wellheadc1330 sourcec1386 headspringa1398 headstreama1398 risinga1398 surge1523 springhead?a1560 head fountain1563 water head1567 fountainhead1585 headwater1612 fill1622 water source1651 urn1726 vomica1838 sponge-swamp1901 1612 T. Wilson Christian Dict. 177 Fountain, a Spring, from whence Waters, Brooks, or Riuers do spring, or an head-water. 1759 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) VIII. 263 Several Indians..who lived near the indian Town Bouclones, on the Head Waters of the Ohio. 1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia ii. 20 The Great Kanhaway is a river of considerable note..as leading towards the head waters of James river. 1796 J. W. Condy Descr. River Susquehanna 14 All the territory on the head water of the north-east branch of Susquehanna in New York. 1817 Caledonian Mercury 31 May Brazil is bounded..on the west by the head waters of the Rio de la Plata. 1830 Columbian Star 9 Jan. 22/1 I left home on this day week for the settlement, on the head water of the Conemaugh river. 1901 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 31 174 The Kenyahs inhabit a district far inland among the head-waters of the Baram river. 1970 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee iv. 77 Five days later, along the headwaters of the Smoky Hill, Wynkoop's advance scouts sighted a force of several hundred warriors. 1998 W. C. Kaiser Hist. Israel 23 The Jordan River has its sources in three headwaters on the more-than-9,000-foot-high Mt. Hermon. 2012 M. Santos Cleansing Honor with Blood i. 21 Bahian and Pernambucan cattlemen began setting up ranches along the headwaters of the Jaguaribe and Acaraú rivers. 4. a. The water forming the head (head n.¹ 44b) for a mill, turbine, etc. Cf. tail-water n. at tail n.¹ Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1770 J. Watt Let. 25 Feb. in J. P. Muirhead Origin & Progress Mech. Inventions J. Watt (1854) I. 92 A very curious sluice for giving it water, so that scarce any of the power is lost by head-water. 1775 F. Forbes Misc. Diss. Rural Subj. 374 The surface of the head-water being 7,5 feet above the top of the wheel, the velocity of it is 21,9581 feet per second. 1828 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 14 Nov. They [sc. the water wheels] are set as low as the bottom of the mill pond, and can be used with effect, with only sixteen inches of head water. 1869 Architect 13 Mar. 141/1 At Iffley we propose that the lock and mill should be entirely removed; this will immediately deprive the Weirs Mill of its head water. 1908 J. Englefield Dry-fly Fishing for Trout & Grayling viii. 87 The little weir..acts as a dam to keep up the mill head-water to a proper level. 1955 Sentinel (Marion, Iowa) 15 Sept. The mill..operated on 10 feet of head water which pulled the turbine. 2011 B. Farish Frolicking Physio vi. 36 The damned-up millpond had a constant deep pool of headwater with a sluice gate which, when opened, turned the mill wheel. b. Without article: = head water mark n. at Compounds 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > kept at a height > mark showing head water mark1846 headwater1895 1895 Trans. New Eng. Cotton Manufacturers' Assoc. No. 58. 130 Both of these walls are 8 feet above head water. The bottom of the forebay..is 18 feet below head water. 1922 A. H. Church Introd. Plant Life Oxf. District I. ii. 27 The record flood of 1894..rose to a maximum of 2 ft. 9 in. above Head Water, or 9 in. over the lock-edge and towpath. 1933 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 52 216/2 The turbine can be set above head water without exceeding allowable height above tailwater. Compounds C1. General attributive (in sense 3). ΚΠ 1837 H. M. Shreve Let. 26 Dec. in Rep. L. R. Shreve & W. R. Carter (36th U.S. Congr. 1st Sess. Rep. C.C. No. 205) 92 The Bayou Pierre..may be improved so as to be used for navigation as far up as the entrance of a headwater stream coming from the west side of the river. 1895 Educ. Rev. Nov. 356 The whole river-system, its dismembered headwater streams excepted. 1914 R. S. Tarr College Physiogr. i. xv. 566 Anything that accelerates headwater erosion on one side of a divide..gives opportunity for the pushing back of the divide. 1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. xiii. 140 The road from Evesham and Broadway runs along the plateau top east of the headwater valleys of the Dikler. 1992 Times 16 Nov. 8/8 Headwater springs of the Kennet have started flowing strongly at Silbury Hill, Wiltshire. C2. head water mark n. now rare a mark showing the maximum water level attained or permitted in a particular body of water; esp. a maximum allowable level of headwater (sense 4a); the water level indicated by this mark; cf. high-water mark n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > kept at a height > mark showing head water mark1846 headwater1895 1846 Bell's Life in London 12 Apr. 4/5 The well-known Calvey Brook..had been dammed up to head water-mark, and required a clear jump of 18 feet. 1894 Act 57 & 58 Vict. c. clxxxvii. §75 [They] shall..prevent the waters of the Thames being at any place above the level of any head-water-mark for the time being fixed. 1953 Times 10 Feb. 3/2 The maximum level of the Thames during the flood, as recorded at Teddington, was 3ft. 5in. above standard head water mark. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1535
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