headsmann.

Brit.

/ˈhɛdzmən/, U.S.

/ˈhɛdzmən/

Inflections: Plural headsmen.

Forms: Old English heafdesmenn (plural), Middle English heddysman (plural), Middle English hedesman, Middle English heuysdman (transmission error), 1500s–1600s hedsman, 1500s– headsman, 1600s headesman, 1800s– heedsman (English regional (northern)); also Scottish pre-1700 headesman, pre-1700 headisman, pre-1700 hedisman, pre-1700 heiddisman, pre-1700 heidisman, pre-1700 heidsman.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; probably originally modelled on an early Scandinavian lexical item. Etymons: head n.¹, man n.¹

Etymology: < the genitive of head n.¹ + man n.¹, probably originally (in sense 1) after early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic hǫfuðsmaðr , Old Swedish huvuþsmaþer , hovudsman , Old Danish hovæthsman ). Compare also Middle Low German hȫvedesman . Compare headman n. and the further Germanic forms cited at that entry.

1. A chief man, a leader; = headman n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief

headeOE

headmanOE

headsmanOE

masterlinga1200

dukec1275

chevetaine1297

chief1297

headlingc1300

principalc1325

captainc1380

primatec1384

chieftainc1400

master-man1424

principate1483

grand captain1531

headmaster?1545

knap of the casec1555

capitano1594

muqaddam1598

mudaliyar1662

reis1677

sachem1684

doge1705

prytanis1790

gam1827

main guy1882

oga1917

ras1935

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1076 Sona æfter þisan coman of Denemarcon twa hund scypa, þæron wæron heafdesmenn Cnut..& Hacon eorl.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 281 (MED) Thei..Hyngede of þeire heddys-men by hunndrethes at ones.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 441 Þat chefe sall..be halden heuysdman of all þe hale werde.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xvi. xiv. f. 239/2 Mony othir noblis & heidismen.

1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus iv. iii. 1864 The worshipfull headsmen of the towne.

1656 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1881) II. 341 Johne Hall, present headis man or dekine of the chirurgianis and barbouris.

1775 J. Bryant New Syst. (ed. 2) II. 95 Adonibizek had threescore and ten vassal princes at his feet; if the headsman [1774 (ed. 1) head-man] of every village may be so called.

1838 Eclectic Rev. Aug. 198 Of these families one would generally take the lead, so that the headsman of the clan wielded the greater part of its influence.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right II. xix. 137 One boss or headsman.

1912 M. E. Durham in Englishwoman Dec. 276 We were stopped to receive hospitality at the house of a headsman [in Mirdita]..where we sat on a scarlet carpet, drank rakia and ate tepid mutton with our fingers.

1952 Crisis Jan. 37/2 The tribal chiefs had been invited..to attend the committee hearings, and funds had been raised to pay the fares for chiefs and headsmen from the Herrero, Nama, and Damara tribes.

2008 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 67 175 Increasing numbers of Afghan headsmen became servants of the new dispensation.

2. An executioner, spec. one who administers death by beheading. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > [noun] > one who beheads

header1440

righter1483

headsman?1562

headman1631

decapitator1820

heading man1825

decollator1843

obtruncatora1864

?1562 Lament. that Ladie Iane Made (single sheet) The hedsman kneled on his knee..To forgeue hym her death.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 310 Come headesman, off with his head.

1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis i. vi. 14 Brought vpon the scaffold to offer her tender necke to the Headsmans Axe.

1698 L. Milbourne Notes Dryden's Virgil 190 To kill one which is diseas'd to prevent Contagion, is good, but Shepherds very seldom turn Headsmen.

1707 tr. Present State Europe Nov. 496 The bungling Headsman gave him 6 or 7 Strokes before he sever'd his Head from his Body.

1790 T. Pennant Of London 269 All four underwent the stroke of the headsman on the very same day.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xxvi. 208 The griesly headsman's by his side.

1866 T. H. Gill Papal Drama iv. 96 Each of the princely victims fell beneath the headsman's stroke at the age of sixteen.

1902 Golf Illustr. 21 Feb. 152/2 Like the headsman's axe, there is something sinister and awful in the niblick's aspect.

1956 Life 29 Oct. 88/2 On May 19, 1536, the headsman was already waiting, leaning on his heavy two-handed sword, when the Constable of the Tower appeared.

1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 26 Dec. 11 There are so many condemned prisoners awaiting disposal [in Saudi Arabia] that the headsman's sword has begun flashing down on outstretched necks on Sundays, Mondays and Wednesdays to cope with the backlog.

2008 E. M. Chase Virgin Queen's Daughter 310 He escaped the headsman's axe when his own father died.

3. Coal Mining. A person employed to propel trams or barrows of coal from the workings; = putter n.¹ 6. Sometimes: spec. the more senior of a pair of people so employed (cf. foal n. 3). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > coal-miner > who works with trams, tubs, etc.

coal putter1708

foal1770

onsetter1789

putter1812

headsman1813

trapper1815

thruster1825

trammer1839

train boy1852

tram1856

hanger-on1858

tipper1861

hooker-on?1881

jiggerer?1881

hitcher1890

tub-loader1891

haulier1892

tilter1892

unhooker1892

flatter1894

jagger1900

thrutcher1901

tram-boy1904

filler1921

1813 Ann. Philos. 1 360 Some..manage a tram singly..; these are called hewing putters or headsmen; the others are two to a tram, and are called headsmen and foals.

1871 G. Hartwig Subterranean World xxxii. 416 The term ‘putter’ includes the specific distinctions of the ‘headsman’, ‘half-marrow’, and the ‘foal’.

1991 J. A. Jaffe Struggle for Market Power iv. 84 Headsmen..were the only boys paid by the firm and the foals were paid out of the earnings of their headsman.

4. Whaling. = boat-header n. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > whaling and seal-hunting > whaling > whale-hunter > [noun] > skipper of whaling boat

headsman1829

boat-header1835

header1889

1829 Morning Post 29 Oct. On Monday a large whale was seen near Betsey's Island; Mr. Lucas's boat (Mr. Blinkworth, headsman), and Messrs. Walford and Young's boat (Mason, headsman), both started in chase.

1854 Chambers's Jrnl. 1 53 We gain on one fine fellow, which our headsman is steering for.

1905 W. Baucke Where White Man Treads 75 An old-time bay whaling station consisted..of at least two boats, with their crew of six men each. The headsman, or mate, four ordinary oarsmen, and the harpooner, or ‘boat-steerer’.

1939 J. H. Beattie First White Boy Born Otago 53 Joe Millar was as good a headsman as ever.

2001 D. Russell Eye of Whale ii. 55 The steerer passed the harpoon to the headsman as they changed positions. ‘Stern all!’ the headsman called out.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	headsman
释义	headsmann. Brit. /ˈhɛdzmən/, U.S. /ˈhɛdzmən/ Inflections: Plural headsmen. Forms: Old English heafdesmenn (plural), Middle English heddysman (plural), Middle English hedesman, Middle English heuysdman (transmission error), 1500s–1600s hedsman, 1500s– headsman, 1600s headesman, 1800s– heedsman (English regional (northern)); also Scottish pre-1700 headesman, pre-1700 headisman, pre-1700 hedisman, pre-1700 heiddisman, pre-1700 heidisman, pre-1700 heidsman. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; probably originally modelled on an early Scandinavian lexical item. Etymons: head n.¹, man n.¹ Etymology: < the genitive of head n.¹ + man n.¹, probably originally (in sense 1) after early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic hǫfuðsmaðr , Old Swedish huvuþsmaþer , hovudsman , Old Danish hovæthsman ). Compare also Middle Low German hȫvedesman . Compare headman n. and the further Germanic forms cited at that entry. 1. A chief man, a leader; = headman n. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief headeOE headmanOE headsmanOE masterlinga1200 dukec1275 chevetaine1297 chief1297 headlingc1300 principalc1325 captainc1380 primatec1384 chieftainc1400 master-man1424 principate1483 grand captain1531 headmaster?1545 knap of the casec1555 capitano1594 muqaddam1598 mudaliyar1662 reis1677 sachem1684 doge1705 prytanis1790 gam1827 main guy1882 oga1917 ras1935 OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1076 Sona æfter þisan coman of Denemarcon twa hund scypa, þæron wæron heafdesmenn Cnut..& Hacon eorl. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 281 (MED) Thei..Hyngede of þeire heddys-men by hunndrethes at ones. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 441 Þat chefe sall..be halden heuysdman of all þe hale werde. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xvi. xiv. f. 239/2 Mony othir noblis & heidismen. 1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus iv. iii. 1864 The worshipfull headsmen of the towne. 1656 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1881) II. 341 Johne Hall, present headis man or dekine of the chirurgianis and barbouris. 1775 J. Bryant New Syst. (ed. 2) II. 95 Adonibizek had threescore and ten vassal princes at his feet; if the headsman [1774 (ed. 1) head-man] of every village may be so called. 1838 Eclectic Rev. Aug. 198 Of these families one would generally take the lead, so that the headsman of the clan wielded the greater part of its influence. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right II. xix. 137 One boss or headsman. 1912 M. E. Durham in Englishwoman Dec. 276 We were stopped to receive hospitality at the house of a headsman [in Mirdita]..where we sat on a scarlet carpet, drank rakia and ate tepid mutton with our fingers. 1952 Crisis Jan. 37/2 The tribal chiefs had been invited..to attend the committee hearings, and funds had been raised to pay the fares for chiefs and headsmen from the Herrero, Nama, and Damara tribes. 2008 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 67 175 Increasing numbers of Afghan headsmen became servants of the new dispensation. 2. An executioner, spec. one who administers death by beheading. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > [noun] > one who beheads header1440 righter1483 headsman?1562 headman1631 decapitator1820 heading man1825 decollator1843 obtruncatora1864 ?1562 Lament. that Ladie Iane Made (single sheet) The hedsman kneled on his knee..To forgeue hym her death. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 310 Come headesman, off with his head. View more context for this quotation 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis i. vi. 14 Brought vpon the scaffold to offer her tender necke to the Headsmans Axe. 1698 L. Milbourne Notes Dryden's Virgil 190 To kill one which is diseas'd to prevent Contagion, is good, but Shepherds very seldom turn Headsmen. 1707 tr. Present State Europe Nov. 496 The bungling Headsman gave him 6 or 7 Strokes before he sever'd his Head from his Body. 1790 T. Pennant Of London 269 All four underwent the stroke of the headsman on the very same day. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xxvi. 208 The griesly headsman's by his side. 1866 T. H. Gill Papal Drama iv. 96 Each of the princely victims fell beneath the headsman's stroke at the age of sixteen. 1902 Golf Illustr. 21 Feb. 152/2 Like the headsman's axe, there is something sinister and awful in the niblick's aspect. 1956 Life 29 Oct. 88/2 On May 19, 1536, the headsman was already waiting, leaning on his heavy two-handed sword, when the Constable of the Tower appeared. 1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 26 Dec. 11 There are so many condemned prisoners awaiting disposal [in Saudi Arabia] that the headsman's sword has begun flashing down on outstretched necks on Sundays, Mondays and Wednesdays to cope with the backlog. 2008 E. M. Chase Virgin Queen's Daughter 310 He escaped the headsman's axe when his own father died. 3. Coal Mining. A person employed to propel trams or barrows of coal from the workings; = putter n.¹ 6. Sometimes: spec. the more senior of a pair of people so employed (cf. foal n. 3). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > coal-miner > who works with trams, tubs, etc. coal putter1708 foal1770 onsetter1789 putter1812 headsman1813 trapper1815 thruster1825 trammer1839 train boy1852 tram1856 hanger-on1858 tipper1861 hooker-on?1881 jiggerer?1881 hitcher1890 tub-loader1891 haulier1892 tilter1892 unhooker1892 flatter1894 jagger1900 thrutcher1901 tram-boy1904 filler1921 1813 Ann. Philos. 1 360 Some..manage a tram singly..; these are called hewing putters or headsmen; the others are two to a tram, and are called headsmen and foals. 1871 G. Hartwig Subterranean World xxxii. 416 The term ‘putter’ includes the specific distinctions of the ‘headsman’, ‘half-marrow’, and the ‘foal’. 1991 J. A. Jaffe Struggle for Market Power iv. 84 Headsmen..were the only boys paid by the firm and the foals were paid out of the earnings of their headsman. 4. Whaling. = boat-header n. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > whaling and seal-hunting > whaling > whale-hunter > [noun] > skipper of whaling boat headsman1829 boat-header1835 header1889 1829 Morning Post 29 Oct. On Monday a large whale was seen near Betsey's Island; Mr. Lucas's boat (Mr. Blinkworth, headsman), and Messrs. Walford and Young's boat (Mason, headsman), both started in chase. 1854 Chambers's Jrnl. 1 53 We gain on one fine fellow, which our headsman is steering for. 1905 W. Baucke Where White Man Treads 75 An old-time bay whaling station consisted..of at least two boats, with their crew of six men each. The headsman, or mate, four ordinary oarsmen, and the harpooner, or ‘boat-steerer’. 1939 J. H. Beattie First White Boy Born Otago 53 Joe Millar was as good a headsman as ever. 2001 D. Russell Eye of Whale ii. 55 The steerer passed the harpoon to the headsman as they changed positions. ‘Stern all!’ the headsman called out. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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