headmann.

Brit.

/ˈhɛdmən/,

/ˈhɛdman/, U.S.

/ˈhɛdˌmæn/,

/ˈhɛdmən/

Inflections: Plural headmen.

Forms: Old English heafodman, Old English heafodmann, Old English heofodmann, late Old English hæfodman, late Old English heafedmann, late Old English heafodmon, late Old English heauodmann, early Middle English hæfdmen (plural), early Middle English hæfeddmann ( Ormulum), early Middle English heafedman (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English heauedmon, early Middle English hefdmen (plural), early Middle English heofodmon, Middle English–1500s hedeman, 1500s– headman; also Scottish pre-1700 1800s– heidman.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian hāvudman , houmon , Old Dutch hōvitman (Middle Dutch hōvetman , Dutch hoofdman ), Middle Low German hȫvetman , Old High German houbitman (Middle High German houbetman , German Hauptmann , now only in military use), all in sense ‘leader, captain’ < the Germanic base of head n.¹ + the Germanic base of man n.¹ Compare headsman n. and the Scandinavian forms cited at that entry. Compare also (apparently influenced by Middle Low German) Icelandic höfuðmaðr , Swedish huvudman , Old Danish howithman (Danish hovedmand ). Compare further post-classical Latin capitaneus captain n. With sense 2 compare earlier headsman n. 2.

a. A chief man, a leader; the chief or head of a tribe, village, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief

headeOE

headmanOE

headsmanOE

masterlinga1200

dukec1275

chevetaine1297

chief1297

headlingc1300

principalc1325

captainc1380

primatec1384

chieftainc1400

master-man1424

principate1483

grand captain1531

headmaster?1545

knap of the casec1555

capitano1594

muqaddam1598

mudaliyar1662

reis1677

sachem1684

doge1705

prytanis1790

gam1827

main guy1882

oga1917

ras1935

society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief > of a village or community

starosta1591

patel1630

malik1662

penghulu1705

aksakal1811

ratemahatmaya1818

caboceer1836

lambardar1855

thugyi1863

princeps1874

capitao1884

omda1898

luluai1924

big man1927

kadkhoda1934

mukhiya1934

sarpanch1963

headman1997

OE Ælfric Homily: De Populo Israhel (Hatton 115) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 647 Moyses þa genamode of ðam twelf mægðum twelf heafodmenn.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1101 Þa sona þæræfter wurdon þa heafodmen her on lande wiðerræden togeanes þam cynge.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 297 Moysæs wass hæfedd mann Off israæle þeode.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 123 Gif þa hefdmen of þissere worlde hefden icnawen crist, nefden heo nefre ifestned hine on rode for ure hele.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8058 Þa Hengest..hafde alle heore hæfd-men mid cniuen amurðerd.

?a1450 in W. G. Benham Oath Bk. Colchester (1907) 2 Masters, ye fower that be electe..to be hedemen of this eleccon, shall electe..v persons of every warde.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John vii. 50 An headman, & a doctor of the lawe.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 164 All Lords, and heidmen of all parts of this Realme.

1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon 52 Countrey-Courts of Judicature, consisting of these Officers, together with the Head-Men of the Places and Towns, where the Courts are kept.

1757 Universal Mag. May 201/2 Solemn days.., upon which the young men gain a new name, or title of honour, from their Headmen.

1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 489 The head men, or chiefs of the whole nation, were convened.

1835 Adams Sentinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 6 June Old Neamicco, the headman of the nation, has at length declared in favor of hostilities.

1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 88 §2 The term ‘foreign state’ includes any foreign nation..sovereign, prince, chief, or headman.

1912 A. W. Hodson Trekking Great Thirst 272 We had with us an important headman of these Masarwa Bushmen in the person of Inkabiki, quite one of the best native hunters I ever met.

1954 J. Corbett Temple Tiger 117 The headman of Thak sent word to us that this buffalo had been killed by a tiger and carried away.

1997 C. B. Divakaruni Mistress of Spices 8 I warned the village headman of the floods before they came.

b. A man placed in charge of other workers, labourers, etc., esp. on a farm; a foreman, an overseer; a senior subordinate. Now regional.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman

stewarda1400

surveyorc1440

supervisorc1454

overlookera1513

workmaster1525

supervisora1529

foreman1574

superintendent1575

overman1606

headman1725

overseer1766

gang leader1775

hagmaster1797

maistry1798

gangsman1803

kangany1817

capataz1826

gangman1830

ganger1836

gaffer1841

gang boss1863

ramrod1881

charge-man1885

mandor1885

captain1886

overganger1887

ephor1890

pusher1901

gangster1913

line manager1960

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. 31 The clothier..says to his head man, or perhaps his son, ‘This Mr. H. is a very good employer.’

1768 C. Varlo Mod. Farmers Guide I. p. xxix I wanted to enquire of my land-lord for a servant, as my head man has married away.

1823 J. Stewart Past & Present State Jamaica xv. 261 He himself has been domineered over by a driver, or head-man; it is now his turn to domineer over others.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Head-man, the chief hind on a farm.

1838 C. Darwin Let. 7 Aug. in Corr. (1986) II. 94 I was altogether disappointed with the railroad—it was so rough... At Birmingham, I heard a head-man scolding furiously a guard for something he had done.

1907 W. Jekyll Jamaican Song & Story 188 The gangs on private estates are under a head-man, who is responsible to the Busha.

1961 D. Bee Children of Yesterday 12 It was Madévaan, baas-boy or headman of the farm, Bhekuyise's father.

2004 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 11 Mar. c8/2 He later worked as headman at the Hermitage Cattle Farm, where he spent over 20 years.

2. = headsman n. 2. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > [noun] > one who beheads

header1440

righter1483

headsman?1562

headman1631

decapitator1820

heading man1825

decollator1843

obtruncatora1864

1631 W. Lisle Faire Æthiopian 140 She hung her selfe, preuenting Headmans fee.

1673 R. Leigh Transproser Rehears'd 69 Probationer for the headmans office.

1732 H. Carey Amelia iii. ix. 28 (stage direct.) Enter Casimir snatching the Headman's Sword.

1900 J. Morley Oliver Cromwell iii. vii. 271 At a single stroke the masked headman did his work.

1997 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 18 Oct. 14 Her [sc. Mary Queen of Scots'] meeting with an English headman's axe at Fotheringay.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	headman
释义	headmann. Brit. /ˈhɛdmən/, /ˈhɛdman/, U.S. /ˈhɛdˌmæn/, /ˈhɛdmən/ Inflections: Plural headmen. Forms: Old English heafodman, Old English heafodmann, Old English heofodmann, late Old English hæfodman, late Old English heafedmann, late Old English heafodmon, late Old English heauodmann, early Middle English hæfdmen (plural), early Middle English hæfeddmann ( Ormulum), early Middle English heafedman (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English heauedmon, early Middle English hefdmen (plural), early Middle English heofodmon, Middle English–1500s hedeman, 1500s– headman; also Scottish pre-1700 1800s– heidman. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian hāvudman , houmon , Old Dutch hōvitman (Middle Dutch hōvetman , Dutch hoofdman ), Middle Low German hȫvetman , Old High German houbitman (Middle High German houbetman , German Hauptmann , now only in military use), all in sense ‘leader, captain’ < the Germanic base of head n.¹ + the Germanic base of man n.¹ Compare headsman n. and the Scandinavian forms cited at that entry. Compare also (apparently influenced by Middle Low German) Icelandic höfuðmaðr , Swedish huvudman , Old Danish howithman (Danish hovedmand ). Compare further post-classical Latin capitaneus captain n. With sense 2 compare earlier headsman n. 2. 1. a. A chief man, a leader; the chief or head of a tribe, village, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief headeOE headmanOE headsmanOE masterlinga1200 dukec1275 chevetaine1297 chief1297 headlingc1300 principalc1325 captainc1380 primatec1384 chieftainc1400 master-man1424 principate1483 grand captain1531 headmaster?1545 knap of the casec1555 capitano1594 muqaddam1598 mudaliyar1662 reis1677 sachem1684 doge1705 prytanis1790 gam1827 main guy1882 oga1917 ras1935 society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief > of a village or community starosta1591 patel1630 malik1662 penghulu1705 aksakal1811 ratemahatmaya1818 caboceer1836 lambardar1855 thugyi1863 princeps1874 capitao1884 omda1898 luluai1924 big man1927 kadkhoda1934 mukhiya1934 sarpanch1963 headman1997 OE Ælfric Homily: De Populo Israhel (Hatton 115) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 647 Moyses þa genamode of ðam twelf mægðum twelf heafodmenn. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1101 Þa sona þæræfter wurdon þa heafodmen her on lande wiðerræden togeanes þam cynge. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 297 Moysæs wass hæfedd mann Off israæle þeode. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 123 Gif þa hefdmen of þissere worlde hefden icnawen crist, nefden heo nefre ifestned hine on rode for ure hele. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8058 Þa Hengest..hafde alle heore hæfd-men mid cniuen amurðerd. ?a1450 in W. G. Benham Oath Bk. Colchester (1907) 2 Masters, ye fower that be electe..to be hedemen of this eleccon, shall electe..v persons of every warde. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John vii. 50 An headman, & a doctor of the lawe. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 164 All Lords, and heidmen of all parts of this Realme. 1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon 52 Countrey-Courts of Judicature, consisting of these Officers, together with the Head-Men of the Places and Towns, where the Courts are kept. 1757 Universal Mag. May 201/2 Solemn days.., upon which the young men gain a new name, or title of honour, from their Headmen. 1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 489 The head men, or chiefs of the whole nation, were convened. 1835 Adams Sentinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 6 June Old Neamicco, the headman of the nation, has at length declared in favor of hostilities. 1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 88 §2 The term ‘foreign state’ includes any foreign nation..sovereign, prince, chief, or headman. 1912 A. W. Hodson Trekking Great Thirst 272 We had with us an important headman of these Masarwa Bushmen in the person of Inkabiki, quite one of the best native hunters I ever met. 1954 J. Corbett Temple Tiger 117 The headman of Thak sent word to us that this buffalo had been killed by a tiger and carried away. 1997 C. B. Divakaruni Mistress of Spices 8 I warned the village headman of the floods before they came. b. A man placed in charge of other workers, labourers, etc., esp. on a farm; a foreman, an overseer; a senior subordinate. Now regional. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman stewarda1400 surveyorc1440 supervisorc1454 overlookera1513 workmaster1525 supervisora1529 foreman1574 superintendent1575 overman1606 headman1725 overseer1766 gang leader1775 hagmaster1797 maistry1798 gangsman1803 kangany1817 capataz1826 gangman1830 ganger1836 gaffer1841 gang boss1863 ramrod1881 charge-man1885 mandor1885 captain1886 overganger1887 ephor1890 pusher1901 gangster1913 line manager1960 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. 31 The clothier..says to his head man, or perhaps his son, ‘This Mr. H. is a very good employer.’ 1768 C. Varlo Mod. Farmers Guide I. p. xxix I wanted to enquire of my land-lord for a servant, as my head man has married away. 1823 J. Stewart Past & Present State Jamaica xv. 261 He himself has been domineered over by a driver, or head-man; it is now his turn to domineer over others. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Head-man, the chief hind on a farm. 1838 C. Darwin Let. 7 Aug. in Corr. (1986) II. 94 I was altogether disappointed with the railroad—it was so rough... At Birmingham, I heard a head-man scolding furiously a guard for something he had done. 1907 W. Jekyll Jamaican Song & Story 188 The gangs on private estates are under a head-man, who is responsible to the Busha. 1961 D. Bee Children of Yesterday 12 It was Madévaan, baas-boy or headman of the farm, Bhekuyise's father. 2004 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 11 Mar. c8/2 He later worked as headman at the Hermitage Cattle Farm, where he spent over 20 years. 2. = headsman n. 2. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > [noun] > one who beheads header1440 righter1483 headsman?1562 headman1631 decapitator1820 heading man1825 decollator1843 obtruncatora1864 1631 W. Lisle Faire Æthiopian 140 She hung her selfe, preuenting Headmans fee. 1673 R. Leigh Transproser Rehears'd 69 Probationer for the headmans office. 1732 H. Carey Amelia iii. ix. 28 (stage direct.) Enter Casimir snatching the Headman's Sword. 1900 J. Morley Oliver Cromwell iii. vii. 271 At a single stroke the masked headman did his work. 1997 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 18 Oct. 14 Her [sc. Mary Queen of Scots'] meeting with an English headman's axe at Fotheringay. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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