harmattann.

Brit.

/hɑːˈmatn/, U.S.

/ˌhɑrməˈtɑn/,

/ˌhɑrˈmætn/

Forms: Also 1600s harmetan, hermitan, 1700s hermatan, ( air-mattan).

Etymology: < haramata, the name in the Fante or Twi language of West Africa. According to Norris in Phil. Trans. LXXI. 52 (1780) ‘a corruption of Aherramantah, compounded of Aherraman to blow and tah tallow, grease, with which the natives rub their skin to prevent their growing dry and rough’; but according to Christaller, Dict. Asante & Fante Lang. (Basel 1881), a borrowed foreign word, viz. ‘Spanish harmatan, an Arabic word’. (But no such Arabic word has been found.) N.E.D. (1898) gives the pronunciation as (haɹmæ·tăn, in 18th c. hā·ɹmătæn) /hɑːˈmætən/, in 18th c. /ˈhɑːmətæn/.

A dry parching land-wind, which blows during December, January, and February, on the coast of Upper Guinea in Africa; it obscures the air with a red dust-fog.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > hot or warm wind > hot or warm and dry > from African and Asiatic deserts

harmattan1671

khamsin1685

samiel1687

simoom1763

red wind1857

loo1888

haboob1897

karaburan1903

sharav1968

1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 195 Of the Harmetans in Guiny.

1688 J. Hillier in Miscellanea Curiosa (Royal Soc.) (1708) III. 364 We had a dry North, and North-Easterly Wind, call'd an Hermitan, and it overcame the Sea-Brize.

1725 J. Reynolds View of Death vii. 26 And Harmatans revenge the richness of their oar.

1735 J. Atkins Voy. Guinea 149 Air-mattans, or Harmatans, are impetuous Gales of Wind from the Eastern Quarter about Midsummer and Christmas.

1845 C. Darwin Jrnl. (ed. 2) i. 5 During those months when the harmattan is known to raise clouds of dust high into the atmosphere.

1906 F. B. Archer Gambia Colony i. 27 This excessive dryness is undoubtedly due to the severe ‘harmattan’ experienced in the locality.

1963 W. Soyinka Lion & Jewel 22 The dew-moistened leaves on a Harmattan morning.

attributive.1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 196 The Harmetan Winds, so called by the Natives, come..in December about Christ~mas.1803 T. Winterbottom Acct. Native Africans Sierra Leone I. ii. 2 (note) Known by the name of the harmattan wind.1828 T. Carlyle Goethe in Foreign Rev. 2 94 Whatever belonged to the finer nature of man had withered under the Harmattan breath of Doubt.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	harmattan
释义	harmattann. Brit. /hɑːˈmatn/, U.S. /ˌhɑrməˈtɑn/, /ˌhɑrˈmætn/ Forms: Also 1600s harmetan, hermitan, 1700s hermatan, ( air-mattan). Etymology: < haramata, the name in the Fante or Twi language of West Africa. According to Norris in Phil. Trans. LXXI. 52 (1780) ‘a corruption of Aherramantah, compounded of Aherraman to blow and tah tallow, grease, with which the natives rub their skin to prevent their growing dry and rough’; but according to Christaller, Dict. Asante & Fante Lang. (Basel 1881), a borrowed foreign word, viz. ‘Spanish harmatan, an Arabic word’. (But no such Arabic word has been found.) N.E.D. (1898) gives the pronunciation as (haɹmæ·tăn, in 18th c. hā·ɹmătæn) /hɑːˈmætən/, in 18th c. /ˈhɑːmətæn/. A dry parching land-wind, which blows during December, January, and February, on the coast of Upper Guinea in Africa; it obscures the air with a red dust-fog. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > hot or warm wind > hot or warm and dry > from African and Asiatic deserts harmattan1671 khamsin1685 samiel1687 simoom1763 red wind1857 loo1888 haboob1897 karaburan1903 sharav1968 1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 195 Of the Harmetans in Guiny. 1688 J. Hillier in Miscellanea Curiosa (Royal Soc.) (1708) III. 364 We had a dry North, and North-Easterly Wind, call'd an Hermitan, and it overcame the Sea-Brize. 1725 J. Reynolds View of Death vii. 26 And Harmatans revenge the richness of their oar. 1735 J. Atkins Voy. Guinea 149 Air-mattans, or Harmatans, are impetuous Gales of Wind from the Eastern Quarter about Midsummer and Christmas. 1845 C. Darwin Jrnl. (ed. 2) i. 5 During those months when the harmattan is known to raise clouds of dust high into the atmosphere. 1906 F. B. Archer Gambia Colony i. 27 This excessive dryness is undoubtedly due to the severe ‘harmattan’ experienced in the locality. 1963 W. Soyinka Lion & Jewel 22 The dew-moistened leaves on a Harmattan morning. attributive.1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 196 The Harmetan Winds, so called by the Natives, come..in December about Christ~mas.1803 T. Winterbottom Acct. Native Africans Sierra Leone I. ii. 2 (note) Known by the name of the harmattan wind.1828 T. Carlyle Goethe in Foreign Rev. 2 94 Whatever belonged to the finer nature of man had withered under the Harmattan breath of Doubt. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1671
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