| 释义 |
† hattern.1 Origin: Apparently a word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Apparently cognate with (showing different ablaut grade) Middle High German hāz (masculine), also (with i-mutation) hæze, hæz (neuter) clothing, garment, outer garment or frock (German regional (Swabia) Häss, Hess (plural chiefly unmarked or Hässer), (Switzerland) Häs, Häss, (Bavaria) Häß), further etymology uncertain; perhaps compare Sanskrit chad- to cover.Apparently originally an Indo-European neuter s -stem (compare rother n. and the discussion and references at that entry). In Old English the r (West Germanic z ) of the formative element is attested for all surviving forms of the paradigm (accusative plural and dative plural), and the word apparently inflects as a neuter a -stem (see Forms 1α. ). In late Old English a weak accusative plural form hæteran is also attested (see Forms 1β. ); compare Middle English plurals in -en . For a parallel development compare the δ. forms of the plural of child n. Use as singular is not attested until early Middle English, and the Middle English singular is usually assumed to have been inferred from the earlier plural forms. The collective use of the word to refer to clothes rather than to individual garments (see sense 1) is paralleled by the German cognate. Although in this use in Middle English formally the reflex of the Old English neuter plural hæteru (compare early Middle English hattre at α. forms), it is possible that later α. forms show reinterpretation of the collective use as singular. Obsolete. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun] OE Ælfric (Royal) (1997) xxvi. 393 Se hund þa ða he ne moste his lichaman derian, totær his hæteru [lOE Vesp. D.xiv hæteran, c1175 Bodl. 343 hateron] sticmælum of his bæce. c1230 (?a1200) (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 56 Swati hettren [a1250 Nero hateren]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 15363 Alle his hateren weoren to-toren. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1952) l. 114 (MED) Her mete is brede, erbe, and water; Naked þai gon wiþouten hater. c1400 (?c1380) (1920) l. 33 (MED) Hyȝ not to heven in haterez totorne, Ne in þe harlatez hod. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) l. 4118 (MED) Wemen þai faund With bare hedes as a barne & berdis to þe pappis, And had na hattir þam to hele bot hidis of bestis. c1450 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Calig.) 403 in (1877) 1 118 They drewe hym be þe hatere, tyll þey come to a gret water. 1876 F. K. Robinson Hattern, clothing of all kinds. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun] > garment or article of ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 307 Ge Schulen inan hetter [a1250 Titus hatter, a1250 Nero heater] & igurd liggen. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. x. l. 157 An hater to helye with hus bones. (Harl. 221) 229 Hatyr, rent clothe [1499 Pynson hatere, or hatyr; a1500 King's Cambr. hatere], scrutum, pannucia. a1450 (1885) 267 (MED) I have here a hatir to hyde hym. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). hattern.2 Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hat n., -er suffix1. Etymology: < hat n. + -er suffix1. society > trade and finance > trader > traders or dealers in specific articles > [noun] > in textiles, clothing, or yarns > in hats the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > [noun] > hat-making > one who 1212 (1932) VI. 390 (MED) Henricus le Hattere. 1268 in G. Fransson (1935) 115 (MED) Rog. le Hattere. 1332 in G. Fransson (1935) 115 (MED) Cecilia Hattere. 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith (1870) 12 Johannis de Thame, ciuis et Hatter Londonie. c1449 in J. C. Tingey (1910) II. 230 (MED) Pageantes..Fisicians, Hardewaremen, Hatters. 1489–90 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1489 §24. m. 8 No hatter nor capper..[shall] put to sell any hatte..above the price of .xx. d. ?1518 sig. B.vj Sponers, torners, and hatters. 1576 G. Gascoigne sig. H.iijv When hatters vse, to bye none olde cast robes. 1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes i. iii. 12 in II My Spurrier, and my Hatter, My Linnen-man, and my Taylor. 1698 J. Fryer 331 Goats-Wool..with which our Hatters know well how to falsify their Bevers. 1753 S. Foote i. 11 All the Fraternity of Men-makers..; Taylors, Peruquiers, Hatters, Hosiers. 1836 F. Marryat III. xvi. 172 I..stopped at a hatter's, and purchased a hat according to the mode. 1866 J. H. Ward xx. 467 The late Professor..left word with Mr. Mansfield, a hatter on Chapel Street, to present him with a new hat. 1938 (Federal Writers' Project) ii. 132 The hatters' trade is an unhealthy one, as the workers inhale steam and various chemical fumes from the vats. 1985 F. Jefkins (ed. 2) i. 5 Goods made by tradesmen such as shoemakers, hatters and clothiers. 2002 (Nexis) 27 Jan. a4 I was born into hats. My grandfather was a hatter on Ste. Catherine St. 2. Australian and New Zealand. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > solitary 1853 J. Rochfort viii. 66 The Bendigo diggings are suitable for persons working singly... Such persons are humorously called ‘hatters’. 1898 30 July 3/2 He was sixty-six, a corrugated hatter, An' he said he'd bin a miner from his birth. 1914 J. M. Bell vi. 135 At times one comes across an old hatter still working a bar in some remote valley. 1949 13 Feb. 11/5 Old Christy Baughan, the ‘hatter’, the man who bestrides Golconda with his well-chosen lease. 1991 Apr. 110 [Gold] diggers (or ‘hatters’ as they were often termed) persisted, a few into the last decade. society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > solitude or solitariness > [noun] > person > who lives alone c1872 J. C. F. Johnson 2 ‘Hatter’, in bush phraseology, is a man who shepherds or lives by himself. 1903 ‘S. Rudd’ iv. 37 A weird, silent ‘hatter’ was there,..the strange man who lived..away from everybody. 1943 V. Palmer in 21 People on the mainland said that McGowan was a cranky old hatter who had gone off his head because his home was broken up and was now letting his mind rot in isolation. 1965 D. Martin 149 She looked a scarecrow, a frump, an incurable hatter. 2010 (Nexis) 1 May 22 A prolonged period of living away from civilisation was said to bring on ‘a fit of the bush willies’. We knew a few old hatters who lived in a perpetual state of the bush willies. Compounds 1883 103 Hatters' shakes or mercury poisoning. 1902 15 Feb. 378/2 Muscular tremors (‘hatters' shakes’) are most often observed in those engaged in dusty post-carrotting processes (for example cutters, lockers, and pelt-shakers). 1970 22 Aug. 68 The features in chronic mercurialism are an inflammation of the mouth, muscular tremors—the famous hatter's shakes—and a characteristic personality change. 2005 J. Emsley (2006) iii. 52 Some trades were notorious for the effect the mercury had on those engaged in them, witness the condition known as ‘hatters' shakes’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). hattern.3 Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hatter v.2 Etymology: Probably < hatter v.2; with the semantic development compare hotter n.1 (especially sense 2 at that entry). Originally and chiefly Scottish. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > [noun] > a disorderly collection c1626 H. Bisset (1920) I. 251 The rest of the uthir thrie charges of foure formes followed all in [ane] hettir. 1825 J. Jamieson Suppl. (at cited word) ‘A hatter of stanes’, a heap of stanes; ‘a hatter of berries’, a large cluster or great quantity crowded together. 1884 J. Nicholson & E. C. Nicholson 209 Whaur were yer gains Wi' sic a hatter o' wee weans? 1894 A. S. Robertson 84 In their criticisms [they] resented all corruptions or conglomerations [of ornamental styles]. The latter they scornfully designed ‘a hatter o' nonsense’. 1901 I. Wilkinson in (1902) III. 82/1 [North Yorkshire] T'thread was raffled [i.e. tangled] all in a hard atter. a1917 E. C. Smith (1925) 13 Sic a hatter! A was in a habble. 1923 G. Watson 165 Hatter, a state of anxiety or trepidation, as in catching a train, harassing work, etc..., a confused heap, collection, or mass of anything. 1985 D. Purves (SCOTS) Gin ye haed said the lyke at the verra stert, ye wad hae spared the baith o us aw this hatter! This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † hatterv.1Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hatter n.1 Etymology: < hatter n.1 Compare earlier hattering n. Obsolete. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] c1400 (?a1300) (Laud) (1952) 5913 Þynnelich hij bey [read beþ] yhatered. ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford (1996) I. l. 19937 Þe duk Cheldryk wiȝ þam com he..wiȝ strenȝful knightes, Atrede and stuffed to þar rightes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2020). hatterv.2 Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly an imitative or expressive formation. Probably partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: an imitative base, -er suffix5; hotter v. Etymology: Probably partly < an imitative base + -er suffix5 (compare earlier batter v.1, shatter v., tatter v.1, etc.), and partly (in sense 3) a variant of, or at least influenced by, hotter v.With later use compare hatter n.3 With the Shetland use in sense 2 (compare quot. 1979), compare Norwegian regional hatra to vex, to harass. the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > grind or pound [verb (transitive)] the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > beat heavily or severely 1508 (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bviv Helmys of hard steill thai hatterit and heuch. a1728 W. Kennett (Lansd. 1033) f. 172v/2 Any utensil by too much lending is hattered about. 1806 J. Train 49 This hatters and chatters My very soul wi' care. 1901 G. Williams in (1902) III. 82/1 [Aberdeenshire] I've hattered a' my hand wi' the saw. the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)] 1687 J. Dryden i. 21 Religion shows a Rosie colour'd face; Not hatter'd out with drudging works of grace. 1714 J. Ozell tr. Molière Scapin ii. iii. in tr. Molière V. 20 To hinder you from hattering us about so every Night as you were wont to do. a1825 R. Forby (1830) Hatter, to harrass and exhaust with fatigue. 1979 J. J. Graham 36/1 Dis spell o coorse wadder'll faily hatter da lambs. the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > cause to move suddenly [verb (transitive)] > jolt 1825 J. T. Brockett I'm all hattered to pieces. 1849 F. T. Dinsdale 60 Hatter, to shake. 1901 R. O. Heslop in (1902) III. 82/1 [Northumberland] The road wis that bad, see ye! Aw wis aall hattered to bits. Derivatives 1854 A. E. Baker I. 313 Hattered, exhausted or wearied with fatigue. 1866 T. Edmondston 46 A ‘hattered bairn’. 1893 R. O. Heslop ‘He wis sair hattert’ is said of a person who has had a bad time of it in his circumstances generally. 1985 D. Purves (SCOTS) He wes that hattert an worn out he coud haurlie move at aw. 1630 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed 66/1 in Where hattering [1620 battering] bullets are fine sugred plums. 1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus II. 116 From hattering chase of undeserved unrest, At length by the holy stream She rests. 1901 J. W. Burgon in (1902) III. 82/1 Your's must be a hattering life. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1OE n.21212 n.3c1626 v.1c1400 v.21508 |
