hardwoodn.

Brit.

/ˈhɑːdwʊd/, U.S.

/ˈhɑrdˌwʊd/

Forms: see hard adj. and n. and wood n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., wood n.¹

Etymology: < hard adj. + wood n.¹

a. Originally simply: wood that is hard. In later use spec. the wood of broadleaved or dicotyledonous trees (such as oak, ash, and teak), which is typically (although not always) hard, as distinguished from that of conifers (such as pine), which is typically softer. Frequently attributive, as hardwood tree, hardwood forest, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > hardwood

hardwood1485

1485 in Descriptive Catal. Anc. Deeds Public Rec. Office (1890) I. 358 vi. lodys of herdwod sufficiently brokn and dressyd accordyng to there chymnes.

a1525 Regul. Houshold Earl of Northumb. (1770) 72 The shedes to be maid of the said Hardwode to be in leinth a Yerde and in thikenes a Spanne.

1568 Kirton-in-Lindsey Churchwardens' Accts. in N.-W. Lincs. Gloss. William Chapman, iij lode of hardwodde.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 536 Let them climb vp higher to the vpper boughs, leauing alwaies vpon euery loft or scaffold..one branch of the old hard wood, and another young imp or twig.

1639 R. Ward Animadversions of Warre ii. xvii. iv. 30 Lay in some sharpe stakes of hard wood a yard into the ground.

1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation iv. viii. 133/1 Box, Walnut-tree, or such kind of hard Wood.

1767 N.Y. Jrnl. 6 Aug. (advt.) Charles Shipman, Ivory and Hardwood Turner.

1793 Cabinet-makers' London Bk. Prices (ed. 2) 83 With king, tulip, or any other hard wood.

1822 Amer. Farmer 3 863/3 The alburnum gradually changes into hard wood, called the heart of the tree.

1824 Glasgow Mechanics' Mag. 25 Sept. 146/1 A plank of hardwood was fixed to tenons cut in the iron.

1896 Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly May 117 A handsome hardwood case.

1909 U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 358. 44 In the Mississippi Valley lies the interior hardwood forest of oaks, hickories, ashes, gums, and other hardwood trees.

1923 D. A. Mackenzie China & Japan (1994) xvii. 331 There was a subtle connection between fire and mistletoe, perhaps because fire was obtained by friction of soft and hard wood, and an intoxicating elixir prepared from a tree or its parasite was believed to be ‘fire water’—that is, ‘water of life.’

1944 W. Morgan in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder ix. 322/2 The core of better-quality laminated boards is usually of hardwood, such as Gaboon mahogany.

2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees viii. 161 Common box, Buxus sempervirens, is one of only two evergreen hardwood trees that seem to be native to Britain.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 26 Aug. d5/2 The smoked fish sold in the Upper Peninsula..has been hot smoked, skin on, over a roaring hardwood fire.

b. A broadleaved or dicotyledonous tree, spec. one from which wood is harvested.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > hardwood tree

hardwood1721

1721 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (ed. 5) II. 42 It [sc. hornbeam] is the quickest grower of any of the hard Woods.

1797 Trans. Soc. Arts, Manuf., & Commerce 15 135 The necessity of nursing hard wood in a Fir Plantation.

1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Perthshire Within the last 40 years, plantations have greatly increased, particularly of the larix, and different hard woods.

1871 Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. 3 328 In the district around Lockerbie, there was this spring (1869) an uncommon quantity of flower and seed upon the different hardwoods.

1905 J. Nisbet Forester I. iii. iv. 419 Pit-planting is the usual method of growing Oak and all other kinds of hard-woods.

1972 Country Life 16 Mar. 653/3 The number of trees by species..together with some idea of their quality (in the case of hardwoods, veneer, good or..low-grade mining and fencing timber).

2000 Seasons Autumn 44/1 Very common on other dead hardwoods, these woody polypores catch fire readily and can be conveniently carried as glowing coals.

a. Australian. Any of several trees yielding particularly hard wood, esp. (in full Johnstone River hardwood) Backhousia bancroftii (family Myrtaceae), of Northern Queensland. Also as a mass noun.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > hardwood tree > particular hardwood trees or shrubs

witch hazela1400

mazer?c1475

hardbeam1544

sugar-chest1545

hornbeam1577

yoke tree1585

yoke elm1597

iron tree1623

ironwood1672

horn-wood1731

horse-beech1731

horn-beech1771

hardwood1842

stonewood1863

1842 Sydney Herald 12 Apr. 3/3 The forests..abound with rosewood, cedar, and hardwood, of a very fine description.

1886 Brisbane Courier 29 May 4/7 Mr. Campbell has also brought to Brisbane with him some rare specimens of timber... One is a sample of the Johnstone River hardwood.

1986 Age (Melbourne) 28 Oct. 30/3 For Australian oak buy Tasmanian oak (if you're a free spender) or kiln-dried hardwood—usually mountain ash—(if you're not).

2013 W. Cooper Austral. Rainforest Fruits 190 Johnstone river hardwood Backhousia bancroftii.

†b. In full hardwood tree. A shrub of the Caribbean, Ixora ferrea (family Rubiaceae), having tubular flowers and hard wood. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > other non-British trees or shrubs > [noun]

andrachne1601

genip1666

allspice1686

allspice tree1691

Morinda1754

garcinia1760

pea tree1766

canarium1776

Pemphis1777

oak tree1789

buddleia1791

ixora1816

Canary wood1820

persea1823

naio1826

plume nutmeg1846

partridge pea1852

Leichhardt-tree1860

hardwood1864

scrubwood1874

tree lily1891

pagoda tree1940

schefflera1954

1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 784/1 Hardwood tree: Ixora ferrea.

Compounds

hardwood cutting n. a cutting of a tree or shrub made from the previous year's growth.

ΚΠ

1867 Diary 4 Dec. in P. Hederson Pract. Floriculture (1874) xiv. 270 Continued potting Roses, and putting in hardwood cuttings of Roses.

1990 Amateur Gardening 3 Nov. 13/2 Take hardwood cuttings of gooseberries, red, white and blackcurrants.

2014 Wexford People (Nexis) 27 May 80 If you use willow or poplar [sticks] you may have a hardwood cutting on your hands and find that they break into leaf.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hardwood
释义	hardwoodn. Brit. /ˈhɑːdwʊd/, U.S. /ˈhɑrdˌwʊd/ Forms: see hard adj. and n. and wood n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., wood n.¹ Etymology: < hard adj. + wood n.¹ 1. a. Originally simply: wood that is hard. In later use spec. the wood of broadleaved or dicotyledonous trees (such as oak, ash, and teak), which is typically (although not always) hard, as distinguished from that of conifers (such as pine), which is typically softer. Frequently attributive, as hardwood tree, hardwood forest, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > hardwood hardwood1485 1485 in Descriptive Catal. Anc. Deeds Public Rec. Office (1890) I. 358 vi. lodys of herdwod sufficiently brokn and dressyd accordyng to there chymnes. a1525 Regul. Houshold Earl of Northumb. (1770) 72 The shedes to be maid of the said Hardwode to be in leinth a Yerde and in thikenes a Spanne. 1568 Kirton-in-Lindsey Churchwardens' Accts. in N.-W. Lincs. Gloss. William Chapman, iij lode of hardwodde. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 536 Let them climb vp higher to the vpper boughs, leauing alwaies vpon euery loft or scaffold..one branch of the old hard wood, and another young imp or twig. 1639 R. Ward Animadversions of Warre ii. xvii. iv. 30 Lay in some sharpe stakes of hard wood a yard into the ground. 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation iv. viii. 133/1 Box, Walnut-tree, or such kind of hard Wood. 1767 N.Y. Jrnl. 6 Aug. (advt.) Charles Shipman, Ivory and Hardwood Turner. 1793 Cabinet-makers' London Bk. Prices (ed. 2) 83 With king, tulip, or any other hard wood. 1822 Amer. Farmer 3 863/3 The alburnum gradually changes into hard wood, called the heart of the tree. 1824 Glasgow Mechanics' Mag. 25 Sept. 146/1 A plank of hardwood was fixed to tenons cut in the iron. 1896 Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly May 117 A handsome hardwood case. 1909 U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 358. 44 In the Mississippi Valley lies the interior hardwood forest of oaks, hickories, ashes, gums, and other hardwood trees. 1923 D. A. Mackenzie China & Japan (1994) xvii. 331 There was a subtle connection between fire and mistletoe, perhaps because fire was obtained by friction of soft and hard wood, and an intoxicating elixir prepared from a tree or its parasite was believed to be ‘fire water’—that is, ‘water of life.’ 1944 W. Morgan in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder ix. 322/2 The core of better-quality laminated boards is usually of hardwood, such as Gaboon mahogany. 2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees viii. 161 Common box, Buxus sempervirens, is one of only two evergreen hardwood trees that seem to be native to Britain. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 26 Aug. d5/2 The smoked fish sold in the Upper Peninsula..has been hot smoked, skin on, over a roaring hardwood fire. b. A broadleaved or dicotyledonous tree, spec. one from which wood is harvested. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > hardwood tree hardwood1721 1721 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (ed. 5) II. 42 It [sc. hornbeam] is the quickest grower of any of the hard Woods. 1797 Trans. Soc. Arts, Manuf., & Commerce 15 135 The necessity of nursing hard wood in a Fir Plantation. 1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Perthshire Within the last 40 years, plantations have greatly increased, particularly of the larix, and different hard woods. 1871 Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. 3 328 In the district around Lockerbie, there was this spring (1869) an uncommon quantity of flower and seed upon the different hardwoods. 1905 J. Nisbet Forester I. iii. iv. 419 Pit-planting is the usual method of growing Oak and all other kinds of hard-woods. 1972 Country Life 16 Mar. 653/3 The number of trees by species..together with some idea of their quality (in the case of hardwoods, veneer, good or..low-grade mining and fencing timber). 2000 Seasons Autumn 44/1 Very common on other dead hardwoods, these woody polypores catch fire readily and can be conveniently carried as glowing coals. 2. a. Australian. Any of several trees yielding particularly hard wood, esp. (in full Johnstone River hardwood) Backhousia bancroftii (family Myrtaceae), of Northern Queensland. Also as a mass noun. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > hardwood tree > particular hardwood trees or shrubs witch hazela1400 mazer?c1475 hardbeam1544 sugar-chest1545 hornbeam1577 yoke tree1585 yoke elm1597 iron tree1623 ironwood1672 horn-wood1731 horse-beech1731 horn-beech1771 hardwood1842 stonewood1863 1842 Sydney Herald 12 Apr. 3/3 The forests..abound with rosewood, cedar, and hardwood, of a very fine description. 1886 Brisbane Courier 29 May 4/7 Mr. Campbell has also brought to Brisbane with him some rare specimens of timber... One is a sample of the Johnstone River hardwood. 1986 Age (Melbourne) 28 Oct. 30/3 For Australian oak buy Tasmanian oak (if you're a free spender) or kiln-dried hardwood—usually mountain ash—(if you're not). 2013 W. Cooper Austral. Rainforest Fruits 190 Johnstone river hardwood Backhousia bancroftii. †b. In full hardwood tree. A shrub of the Caribbean, Ixora ferrea (family Rubiaceae), having tubular flowers and hard wood. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > other non-British trees or shrubs > [noun] andrachne1601 genip1666 allspice1686 allspice tree1691 Morinda1754 garcinia1760 pea tree1766 canarium1776 Pemphis1777 oak tree1789 buddleia1791 ixora1816 Canary wood1820 persea1823 naio1826 plume nutmeg1846 partridge pea1852 Leichhardt-tree1860 hardwood1864 scrubwood1874 tree lily1891 pagoda tree1940 schefflera1954 1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 784/1 Hardwood tree: Ixora ferrea. Compounds hardwood cutting n. a cutting of a tree or shrub made from the previous year's growth. ΚΠ 1867 Diary 4 Dec. in P. Hederson Pract. Floriculture (1874) xiv. 270 Continued potting Roses, and putting in hardwood cuttings of Roses. 1990 Amateur Gardening 3 Nov. 13/2 Take hardwood cuttings of gooseberries, red, white and blackcurrants. 2014 Wexford People (Nexis) 27 May 80 If you use willow or poplar [sticks] you may have a hardwood cutting on your hands and find that they break into leaf. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1485
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