hardstonen.

Brit.

/ˈhɑːdˌstəʊn/, U.S.

/ˈhɑrdˌstoʊn/

Forms: see hard adj. and n. and stone n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., stone n.

Etymology: < hard adj. + stone n.In sense 2 after Italian pietra dura pietra dura n. Earlier examples such as the following do not represent a fixed collocation:OE Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Laud) 30 Of heardum stane [c1175 Bodl. hearde stanum] him com yrnende wæter.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 139 He..ches..bare eorðe to bedde and hard ston to bolstre.c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2157 The harde stoon Vnder oure foot on which we ryde and goon It wasteth as it lyth by the weye.1651 J. French tr. J. R. Glauber Descr. New Philos. Furnaces ii. 160 Many more profitable things..may be compassed by the oyle of sand: as for example,..to frame all sort of transparent hard stones [Ger harte Stein] out of crystal.

1. Any of various types of stone (esp. as used for building) distinguished by their hardness; stone of this type.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > other stone used in industry or construction

ragsa1350

ragstone?c1425

touchstone1482

hardstone1549

tarso1662

weather-stone1686

rumlar1829

ballast1839

bluestone1849

workstone1906

1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 74^v The one syde [of the street] is built of harde stone, all vniformely with faire glasen wyndowes.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. xv. f. 114/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I One prayseth the free stone at Manchester... Another the quarryes of the lyke in Richemont. The third liketh wel of the hardstone in Clee hill in Shropshire.

1595 T. I. World of Wonders sig. D4 A place by the seaside all of hardstone and pebles..lying betweene Orford and Alborough in Suffolk.

1682 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 25 In this month..was the highway..pitched with peebles and hard stone.

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I Notes 63 Whitfield mine... Soil 1 foot. brick-clay 3 feet. shale 4...warrant clay 3½. bass and metal 53½. hardstone 4.

1841 T. L. Walker Archit. Precedents 57 Freestone, 10d. per foot in block at quarry; hardstone, for plinths, 1s. 2d. per foot.

1876 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1875 8 133 Volcanic and Trap Rocks. It is from this class that the principal supply of hardstone is at present obtained.

1902 Railway Engineer Mar. 66/2 The G. E. R. is badly situated for obtaining cheap supplies of hardstone or slag.

1938 Econ. Hist. Rev. 9 25 The London Freemasons' Ordinances..defined the proper length, breadth and thickness of freestone, marblestone and hardstone of Kent.

2001 Oxoniensia 65 120 Most of the medieval college buildings and churches had been built with good quality, carefully selected, durable local limestones, such as Wheatley and Headington hardstones.

2. spec. A semi-precious stone of a hard consistency used for small-scale carving or decorative work (cf. pietra dura n.); (also) an object made of such stone.Examples are jade, agate, and rock crystal. The term generally excludes soapstone and alabaster.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > [noun]

gemc825

stonec825

gemstonec1000

perrya1300

precious stonec1300

jewela1400

regalc1426

precious pierc1450

margaritea1500

lapidary1509

hardstone1853

shiner1884

1853 Art Jrnl. 5 83/2 The hardstones—for the most part varieties of the agate, jasper, chalcedony, and cornelian—are worked to the required pattern, and then accurately fitted into the spaces prepared to receive them.

1905 Daily Chron. 11 July 5/7 The hard-stone works.

1942 Burlington Mag. Aug. 186/2 There is perhaps no art more suited to the Chinese genius than that of cutting hardstones.

1958 Times 2 Dec. 12/5 Chinese porcelain and hardstones realized £9,585 at Christie's yesterday.

2008 Independent 21 Jan. 3/3 The six remaining narrow-necked ewers, of which this is one, represent a remarkable feat of hardstone carving.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hardstone
释义	hardstonen. Brit. /ˈhɑːdˌstəʊn/, U.S. /ˈhɑrdˌstoʊn/ Forms: see hard adj. and n. and stone n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., stone n. Etymology: < hard adj. + stone n.In sense 2 after Italian pietra dura pietra dura n. Earlier examples such as the following do not represent a fixed collocation:OE Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Laud) 30 Of heardum stane [c1175 Bodl. hearde stanum] him com yrnende wæter.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 139 He..ches..bare eorðe to bedde and hard ston to bolstre.c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2157 The harde stoon Vnder oure foot on which we ryde and goon It wasteth as it lyth by the weye.1651 J. French tr. J. R. Glauber Descr. New Philos. Furnaces ii. 160 Many more profitable things..may be compassed by the oyle of sand: as for example,..to frame all sort of transparent hard stones [Ger harte Stein] out of crystal. 1. Any of various types of stone (esp. as used for building) distinguished by their hardness; stone of this type. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > other stone used in industry or construction ragsa1350 ragstone?c1425 touchstone1482 hardstone1549 tarso1662 weather-stone1686 rumlar1829 ballast1839 bluestone1849 workstone1906 1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 74^v The one syde [of the street] is built of harde stone, all vniformely with faire glasen wyndowes. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. xv. f. 114/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I One prayseth the free stone at Manchester... Another the quarryes of the lyke in Richemont. The third liketh wel of the hardstone in Clee hill in Shropshire. 1595 T. I. World of Wonders sig. D4 A place by the seaside all of hardstone and pebles..lying betweene Orford and Alborough in Suffolk. 1682 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 25 In this month..was the highway..pitched with peebles and hard stone. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I Notes 63 Whitfield mine... Soil 1 foot. brick-clay 3 feet. shale 4...warrant clay 3½. bass and metal 53½. hardstone 4. 1841 T. L. Walker Archit. Precedents 57 Freestone, 10d. per foot in block at quarry; hardstone, for plinths, 1s. 2d. per foot. 1876 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1875 8 133 Volcanic and Trap Rocks. It is from this class that the principal supply of hardstone is at present obtained. 1902 Railway Engineer Mar. 66/2 The G. E. R. is badly situated for obtaining cheap supplies of hardstone or slag. 1938 Econ. Hist. Rev. 9 25 The London Freemasons' Ordinances..defined the proper length, breadth and thickness of freestone, marblestone and hardstone of Kent. 2001 Oxoniensia 65 120 Most of the medieval college buildings and churches had been built with good quality, carefully selected, durable local limestones, such as Wheatley and Headington hardstones. 2. spec. A semi-precious stone of a hard consistency used for small-scale carving or decorative work (cf. pietra dura n.); (also) an object made of such stone.Examples are jade, agate, and rock crystal. The term generally excludes soapstone and alabaster. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > [noun] gemc825 stonec825 gemstonec1000 perrya1300 precious stonec1300 jewela1400 regalc1426 precious pierc1450 margaritea1500 lapidary1509 hardstone1853 shiner1884 1853 Art Jrnl. 5 83/2 The hardstones—for the most part varieties of the agate, jasper, chalcedony, and cornelian—are worked to the required pattern, and then accurately fitted into the spaces prepared to receive them. 1905 Daily Chron. 11 July 5/7 The hard-stone works. 1942 Burlington Mag. Aug. 186/2 There is perhaps no art more suited to the Chinese genius than that of cutting hardstones. 1958 Times 2 Dec. 12/5 Chinese porcelain and hardstones realized £9,585 at Christie's yesterday. 2008 Independent 21 Jan. 3/3 The six remaining narrow-necked ewers, of which this is one, represent a remarkable feat of hardstone carving. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1549
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