hardheadn.²

Brit.

/ˈhɑːdˌhɛd/, U.S.

/ˈhɑrdˌhɛd/

Forms: see hard adj. and n. and head n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., head n.¹

Etymology: < hard adj. + head n.¹

I. Senses relating to the human head and extended uses.

†1. A miser; a parsimonious person. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person > miser or hoarder of wealth

chinch?a1300

wretch1303

chincher1333

muckererc1390

mokerarda1400

muglard1440

gatherer?a1513

hoarder?a1513

warner1513

hardhead1519

snudge1545

cob1548

snidge1548

muckmonger1566

mucker1567

miser?1577

scrape-penny1584

money-miser1586

gromwell-gainer1588

muckscrape1589

muckworm1598

scrib1600

muckraker1601

morkin-gnoff1602

scrape-scall1602

incubo1607

accumulator1611

gripe-money1611

scrape-good1611

silver-hider1611

gripe1621

scrapeling1629

clutch1630

scrape-pelfa1640

volpone1672

spare-penny1707

save-all1729

bagger1740

spare-thrift1803

money-codger1818

hunger-rot1828

muckrake1850

muckthrift1852

gripe-penny1860

hugger-mugger1862

Scrooge1940

1519 W. Horman Vulgaria vi. f. 63 Some men counte them nygardis and hardheedis that wyll haue a rekenynge of exspensis.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 653 A miching hard-head and mechanicall penifather, if he fall once to love, doth relent and waxe soft as iron in the fire, and so prooveth more liberall, courteous and kinde, than ever before.

a. An unthinking or unintelligent person; a ‘blockhead’. Also: a person who is stubborn and uncompromising. Occasionally as a nickname. Cf. hard adj. 2c, 4.With quot. 1576 cf. sense 2c.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > [noun]

asseOE

sotc1000

beastc1225

long-ear?a1300

stock1303

buzzard1377

mis-feelinga1382

dasarta1400

stonea1400

dasiberd14..

dottlec1400

doddypoll1401

dastardc1440

dotterel1440

dullardc1440

wantwit1449

jobardc1475

nollc1475

assheada1500

mulea1500

dull-pate15..

peak1509

dulbert?a1513

doddy-patec1525

noddypolla1529

hammer-head1532

dull-head?1534

capon1542

dolt1543

blockhead1549

cod's head1549

mome1550

grout-head1551

gander1553

skit-brains?1553

blocka1556

calfa1556

tomfool1565

dunce1567

druggard1569

cobble1570

dummel1570

Essex calf1573

jolthead1573

hardhead1576

beetle-head1577

dor-head1577

groutnoll1578

grosshead1580

thickskin1582

noddyship?1589

jobbernowl1592

beetle-brain1593

Dorbel1593

oatmeal-groat1594

loggerhead1595

block-pate1598

cittern-head1598

noddypoop1598

dorbellist1599

numps1599

dor1601

stump1602

ram-head1605

look-like-a-goose1606

ruff1606

clod1607

turf1607

asinego1609

clot-poll1609

doddiea1611

druggle1611

duncecomb1612

ox-head1613

clod-polla1616

dulman1615

jolterhead1620

bullhead1624

dunderwhelpa1625

dunderhead1630

macaroona1631

clod-patea1635

clota1637

dildo1638

clot-pate1640

stupid1640

clod-head1644

stub1644

simpletonian1652

bottle-head1654

Bœotiana1657

vappe1657

lackwit1668

cudden1673

plant-animal1673

dolt-head1679

cabbage head1682

put1688

a piece of wood1691

ouphe1694

dunderpate1697

numbskull1697

leather-head1699

nocky1699

Tom Cony1699

mopus1700

bluff-head1703

clod skull1707

dunny1709

dowf1722

stupe1722

gamphrel1729

gobbin?1746

duncehead1749

half-wit1755

thick-skull1755

jackass1756

woollen-head1756

numbhead1757

beef-head1775

granny1776

stupid-head1792

stunpolla1794

timber-head1794

wether heada1796

dummy1796

noghead1800

staumrel1802

muttonhead1803

num1807

dummkopf1809

tumphya1813

cod's head and shoulders1820

stoopid1823

thick-head1824

gype1825

stob1825

stookiea1828

woodenhead1831

ning-nong1832

log-head1834

fat-head1835

dunderheadism1836

turnip1837

mudhead1838

donkey1840

stupex1843

cabbage1844

morepork1845

lubber-head1847

slowpoke1847

stupiditarian1850

pudding-head1851

cod's head and shoulders1852

putty head1853

moke1855

mullet-head1855

pothead1855

mug1857

thick1857

boodle1862

meathead1863

missing link1863

half-baked1866

lunk1867

turnip-head1869

rummy1872

pumpkin-head1876

tattie1879

chump1883

dully1883

cretin1884

lunkhead1884

mopstick1886

dumbhead1887

peanut head1891

pie-face1891

doughbakea1895

butt-head1896

pinhead1896

cheesehead1900

nyamps1900

box head1902

bonehead1903

chickenhead1903

thickwit1904

cluck1906

boob1907

John1908

mooch1910

nitwit1910

dikkop1913

goop1914

goofus1916

rumdum1916

bone dome1917

moron1917

oik1917

jabroni1919

dumb-bell1920

knob1920

goon1921

dimwit1922

ivory dome1923

stone jug1923

dingleberry1924

gimp1924

bird brain1926

jughead1926

cloth-head1927

dumb1928

gazook1928

mouldwarp1928

ding-dong1929

stupido1929

mook1930

sparrow-brain1930

knobhead1931

dip1932

drip1932

epsilon1932

bohunkus1933

Nimrod1933

dumbass1934

zombie1936

pea-brain1938

knot-head1940

schlump1941

jarhead1942

Joe Soap1943

knuckle-head1944

nong1944

lame-brain1945

gobshite1946

rock-head1947

potato head1948

jerko1949

turkey1951

momo1953

poop-head1955

a right one1958

bam1959

nong-nong1959

dickhead1960

dumbo1960

Herbert1960

lamer1961

bampot1962

dipshit1963

bamstick1965

doofus1965

dick1966

pillock1967

zipperhead1967

dipstick1968

thickie1968

poephol1969

yo-yo1970

doof1971

cockhead1972

nully1973

thicko1976

wazzock1976

motorhead1979

mouth-breather1979

no-brainer1979

jerkwad1980

woodentop1981

dickwad1983

dough ball1983

dickweed1984

bawheid1985

numpty1985

jerkweed1988

dick-sucker1989

knob-end1989

Muppet1989

dingus1997

dicksack1999

eight ball-

1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 36 If it be the point of a wise man, to be loth to lacke the libertie of his lande, surely it is the part of a flintie fellowe and a hard head, not to be in loue with such a benefit [L. si sapientis est carere patria, duri non desiderare].

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xliii. 282 If he were not himselfe some hard head besides, and set light by learning, as a bootie but for beggers.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 22 Hard-head and Block-head, terms of reproach with us.

1721 D. Defoe in Weekly Jrnl. 23 Feb. 1327/2 Courage, as well as Wisdom, lies in the Beard... Even their God Mars himself, who was always drawn terrible with a Beard, was one of the hard Heads.

1762 Wedding Day i. 12 On some hard-heads, unheeding all their days, The sun in vain may burn them with his blaze, In mirey dirt like quacking ducks they're seen, Or thoughtless geese when squaking o'er some green.

1846 Sharpe's London Mag. 14 Nov. 41/2 Two opposing customs clashed.., thus giving occasions of dispute, whenever one hard head chanced to come in contact with another of the same nature.

1891 Century Dec. 285/1 He had..a persistence in carrying out his purposes that gave him the name of 'Hardhead' in the army.

1919 C. L. Carlsen Son of Pio 158 Senor Lasam always had a sneer for Senor Ferguson; that white man was a ‘Hardhead’ and a coward.

1985 Washington Wire 2 Aug. The Utah Republican fails to seek compromises... He's very much a man of his time and place—a Utah Mormon, Navy pilot and hard head.

2005 ‘Noire’ Candy Licker xi. 101 It was either do things the way Hurricane said or die a hardhead's death.

b. A physically tough person who acts regardless of conflict or danger; an aggressive or pugnacious person; a ‘hard man’. Now chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > person

tyrant1377

routera1500

termagant1508

ruffy?a1513

ruffiana1525

pander1593

thunderbolt1593

bully1604

ruffiano1611

tearer1633

violentoa1661

boy1662

violent1667

hardhead1774

Arab1788

ring-tailed roarer1828

blood-tub1853

tornado1863

stormer1886

hooligan1898

Apache1902

ned1910

rough-up1911

radge1923

goonda1926

pretty-boy1931

tough baby1932

bad-john1935

hoon1938

shit-kicker1954

tough boy1958

oafo1959

ass-kicker1962

droog1962

trog1983

1774 Weekly Misc. 3 Jan. 335 I'm too much a hard-head, you must know, To flee the danger of a thrilling blow.

1884 B. Brierley Tales & Sketches Lancs. Life 35 The two were engaged in sharpening a rusty piece of steel..shortly to do duty somewhere in the ranks of the ‘Waverlow Hardheads’, on the occasion of upsetting the Government of Victoria the First.

1921 Caledonian Oct. 298/2 Point of Rocks..is about the most dangerous spot... But the boss of the hinder caravan is a hardhead.

1942 Amer. Mercury July 85 Whenever he was challenged by a hard-head..he would..put on his ugly laugh, made up of scorn and pity.

1975 G. L. Coon Short End of Stick (new ed.) i. 23 Every outfit has its hardheads, the guys who seem to like trouble.

2011 Tampa Bay Times (Florida) (Nexis) 22 July 34 ‘If you're going to be a hardhead, getting into trouble, starting fights..it ain't gonna work.’

c. A practical, pragmatic, or shrewd person; one who is unsentimental or ruthless. Cf. hard adj. 3b.In early use (often satirically) as the name of a character displaying these qualities.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > want of or incapacity for emotion

dryheada1300

lethargyc1380

drynessc1450

dumping1542

unsensibility1551

insensibleness?1555

unsensibleness?1555

stupidity1568

stolidity1570

stupor1570

dumpishness1574

senselessness1577

innaturality1579

astoniedness1580

impassibility1603

stupefaction1603

torpor1607

deadness1611

unsufferance1611

hebetude1621

nonsense1621

drought1622

hebetation1623

obstupefaction1625

unanswerableness1626

tastelessnessa1631

insensateness1646

impassiveness1648

obtuseness1648

barrenness1655

torpulency1657

sterility1661

spiritlessness1669

unspiritedness1669

unaffectedness1678

insensibility1691

stolidness1727

apathy1742

impenetrableness1747

unfeelingness1766

impassivity1794

unfeeling1805

soullessness1811

incommobility1822

obtusity1823

unimpressibleness1830

hardhead1836

stockishness1837

insensitiveness1838

impenetrability1847

unreceptivity1849

unsusceptibility1850

woodenness1854

unimpressionability1862

irresponsiveness1864

unresponsiveness1869

impassibleness1874

irreceptivity1881

unimpressibility1889

apatheia1893

inemotivity1894

affectlessness1921

insensitivity1957

1836 Morning Chron. 11 Jan. Let Ministers avail themselves of such a ‘hard head’ and first-rate lawyer in their own political ranks.

1855 Leisure Hour 19 July 478/1 ‘I know,’ says the hard man of the world, ‘He has given the official a shilling.’ No such thing, Mr Hardhead; there are other modes of reaching the porter's heart than through his breeches pocket.

1893 Boys of Eng. 26 May 415 Mr Hardhead: ‘I saved a big pile of money to-day... Instead of suing a man for what he owed me, I let him have it.’

1938 El Paso (Texas) Herald-Post 21 Mar. 4/7 While Eastman is a liberal idealist within reason, he is a hard-head, amply supplied with common sense.

1967 P. Jones Fifth Defector xiii. 190 I'd advise you to keep your mouth shut and let the hardheads handle it at embassy level.

2012 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 17 May 17 Nutt was a hard head who had created a somewhat meaner government. But you had to admit, he was an effective strategist.

3. A game in which two or more contestants headbutt each other as a test of physical toughness; frequently in to play at hardheads. Also in later use: any of various other games involving a contest to determine the hardest object by beating one 'head' against another. Chiefly figurative. Usually (and now only) in plural. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > other unarmed combat > [noun]

pancratium1603

hardhead1606

savate1843

kabaddi1935

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > other specific games > [noun] > others

sitisota1400

papsea1450

half-bowl1477

pluck at the crow1523

white and black1555

running game1581

blow-pointa1586

hot cocklesa1586

one penny1585

cockelty bread1595

pouch1600

venter-point1600

hinch-pinch1603

hardhead1606

poor and rich1621

rowland-hoe1622

hubbub1634

handicap?a1653

owl1653

ostomachy1656

prelledsa1660

quarter-spellsa1660

yert-point1659

bob-her1702

score1710

parson has lost his cloak1712

drop (also throw) (the) handkerchief1754

French Fox1759

goal1765

warpling o' the green1768

start1788

kiss-in-the-ring1801

steal-clothes1809

steal-coat1816

petits paquets1821

bocce1828

graces1831

Jack-in-the-box1836

hot hand1849

sparrow-mumbling1852

Aunt Sally1858

gossip1880

Tambaroora1882

spoof1884

fishpond1892

nim1901

diabolo1906

Kim's game1908

beaver1910

treasure-hunt1913

roll-down1915

rock scissors paper1927

scissors cut paper1927

scissors game1927

the dozens1928

toad in the hole1930

game1932

scissors paper stone1932

Roshambo1936

Marco Polo1938

scavenger hunt1940

skish1940

rock paper scissors1947

to play chicken1949

sounding1962

joning1970

arcade game1978

1606 W. Middleton Papisto-mastix ix. 65 These two answeres play at hard-head, and beat out one anothers braines.

1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther ii. 57 Both play at hard-head till they break their brains.

1697 E. Settle World in Moon v. i. 37 [To] break a fools head of my own, to run my reverend But-end a tilt at a Gay Petticoat, and play the old Game of hard heads call'd Matrimony.

1755 E. F. Haywood Invisible Spy III. vi. 118 The luxuries of life have taken off all their fierceness, and while they are indulged so far as to be left to play at—Laugh and lie down,—will never go to hard-heads with any body.

1831 W. Scott Jrnl. 16 Oct. (1946) 179 He has been at hard-head [s] with the rogue[s] and come off with advantage.

1869 Children's Prize May 71/1 They were amusing themselves with a game of hard-heads, when they heard a scream.

1894 S. R. Crockett Play-actress v. 64 They played at ‘hard-heads’, at which the minister rather fancied his skill in the choice of the tough combatant specimens of that hardy vegetable.

2007 D. C. Watts Dict. Plant Lore 68/1 The flower heads of Ribwort Plantain are used as ‘soldiers’..in a children's game... One child holds out a duine dubh..and his opponent tries to decapitate it with another... The ‘soldiers’ game is also known as..Hard Heads.

a. A person who is not readily affected by alcohol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess > one not easily affected by alcohol

hardhead1787

1787 Twin-brothers 124 As to the glass, there we were distanced hollow; it was no match. Your old fellows are sand-beds, are tight casks, are tough metal, are hard-heads.

1848 F. A. Durivage & G. P. Burnham Stray Subj. 110 Most of the passengers had disappeared for the night, and only a knot of ‘hard-heads’ were left upon deck.

1860 E. Cowell Diary 19 Mar. in M. W. Disher Cowells in Amer. (1934) 41 Mr. Van Orden a very pleasant, but, to Sam, very dangerous companion being a great drinker, and one of the ‘Hard Heads’ whom drink does not seem to hurt.

1933 N.Y. Times 22 Aug. 14 At house dinners it had been the custom to pool the cost of the wine. The Hard Heads swore by this custom. The Weaklings objected to paying for the entertainment of the seasoned topers.

1997 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 16 Jan. 8 Keven ‘Mad Dog’ Marshall calls himself a hard head from the old school of drinkers. More accurately he is an 11-time convicted drink driver.

b. A constitution not readily affected by alcohol. Cf. head n.¹ 2c(a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking capacity

lading1526

load1594

jag1678

heada1686

hardhead1794

bibosity1823

1794 G. Colman Mountaineers ii. i. 24 In respect of deep drinking, we Muleteers have hard heads.

1843 New Monthly Mag. Jan. 55 Richard almost in a state of collapse from perfect inebriety, was at last carried home. Two friends, remarkable for what topers call a hard head, undertook the charge of escorting him.

1851 Amer. Whig Rev. Feb. 153/2 Hence the requisites of our Laureate, submissiveness and a hard head..when a jolly member finds himself eternally lampooned, and traduced to all posterity by the mere octo-syllabification of his Bunkum fustian, our Laureate will have no choice but to drink him under.

1914 W. S. Davis Day in Old Athens xviii. 178 Æschines the orator will, ere long, taunt his opponent Demosthenes in public with being a ‘water drinker’; and Socrates on many occasions has given proof that he possessed a very hard head.

1933 N.Y. Times 19 Feb. sm13 The real ‘wine of the country’ is red and the Franconians are inordinately proud of it and of their capacity to consume it. It calls for a hard head and a strong stomach.

2006 F. Cole Birds of Uncertain Passage x. 59 Beryl remained unscathed—she had a hard head for drink.

II. Scientific and technical uses.

5. Any of several knapweeds, typically having hard flower buds; spec. the black knapweed, Centaurea nigra. Frequently in plural with singular agreement.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > knapweed

ironhardOE

matfellon?a1300

hardhawa1400

bull-weeda1450

club-weeda1500

knapweed1530

crop-weed1597

hardhead1610

horse-knop1691

horse-knob1724

buttonweed1760

knobweed1785

ironweed1808

knotweed1827

ironhead1863

1610 R. Vaughan Most Approved Water-workes sig. M3^v But grasse much more profitable, thick, long, and fine; voyde of all Mosse, Hard-heads, Cow-slips, or any weede what-so-euer.

1663 J. Beale Let. 9 Nov. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 178 The drought begetting hawkeweede, hard-heads & white bodes, the moisture increasing clovers.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxvi. 404 Common or Black Knap-weed..which the country people in some places call Hard-heads.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Hard-heads, Knapweed.

1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 250 Hard-head.

1904 J. M. Maxwell Children’s Wild Flowers 147 The Black Knapweed..answers to several names, all referring to its stiff, stubborn-looking involucre, such as ‘Iron head’, ‘Horse hard head’, ‘Hard head’, [etc.].

1935 W. C. L. Muenscher Weeds ii. 467 Centaurea Jacea L. Star-thistle, Brown knapweed,..Horse-knobs, Hardheads.

2007 Evening News (Norwich) (Nexis) 24 Apr. Knapweed—common knapweed or ‘hardheads’ is an upright perennial plant, thistle-like in appearance but without spines.

6. Any of various fishes having a hard head.

a. Chiefly Scottish. The shorthorn sculpin or sea scorpion, Myxocephalus scorpius (family Cottidae), of the northern Atlantic. Also: the similar pogge or armed bullhead, Agonus cataphractus (family Agonidae), of the north-east Atlantic. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Cottidae (sculpins) > member of genus Cottus (bull-head) > cottus scorpius (sea scorpion)

father-lasher1673

sting-fish1836

hardhead1867

sea scorpion1896

1699 R. Sibbald Provision for Poor iii. 22 The Pogge, the Sea Stanger, the Hardhead, the Sea Pearch.

1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross ii. iii. 53 Scorpius major nostras; our Fishers call it Hardhead.

1835 Rep. Leeds Philos. & Lit. Soc. 1834–5 16 (list) Specimen of the Hardhead (Cottus Scorpius).

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Hard-head..on our coasts the father-lasher or sea-scorpion, Cottus scorpius.

1904 J. M. Campbell Notes on Bell Rock 12 Amongst the numerous aliases by which the ‘Poach’ is known are the following—Bullhead, Hardhead , Cobbler, Shoemaker, [etc.].

b. U.S. regional. Any of several fishes, esp.: (a) the Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (also more fully hardhead shad); (b) the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; (c) the Atlantic croaker, Micropogon undulatus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun]

whalec950

tumbrelc1300

sprout1340

squame1393

codmop1466

whitefish1482

lineshark?a1500

salen1508

glaucus1509

bretcock1522

warcodling1525

razor1530

bassinatc1540

goldeney1542

smy1552

maiden1555

grail1587

whiting1587

needle1589

pintle-fish1591

goldfish1598

puffin fish1598

quap1598

stork1600

black-tail1601

ellops1601

fork-fish1601

sea-grape1601

sea-lizard1601

sea-raven1601

barne1602

plosher1602

whale-mouse1607

bowman1610

catfish1620

hog1620

kettle-fish1630

sharpa1636

carda1641

housewifea1641

roucotea1641

ox-fisha1642

sea-serpent1646

croaker1651

alderling1655

butkin1655

shamefish1655

yard1655

sea-dart1664

sea-pelican1664

Negro1666

sea-parrot1666

sea-blewling1668

sea-stickling1668

skull-fish1668

whale's guide1668

sennet1671

barracuda1678

skate-bread1681

tuck-fish1681

swallowtail1683

piaba1686

pit-fish1686

sand-creeper1686

horned hog1702

soldier1704

sea-crowa1717

bran1720

grunter1726

calcops1727

bennet1731

bonefish1734

Negro fish1735

isinglass-fish1740

orb1740

gollin1747

smelt1776

night-walker1777

water monarch1785

hardhead1792

macaw-fish1792

yellowback1796

sea-raven1797

blueback1812

stumpnose1831

flat1847

butterfish1849

croppie1856

gubbahawn1857

silt1863

silt-snapper1863

mullet-head1866

sailor1883

hogback1893

skipper1898

stocker1904

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > brevoortia tyrannus (menhaden)

old wife1585

yellowtaila1622

whiting1735

shadine1782

hardhead1792

menhaden1792

mossbunker1792

bony fish1815

pauhagen1833

pogy1840

green-tailed shad1884

schoolie1891

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > trout (unspecified and miscellaneous) > salmo irideus (rainbow trout)

rainbow1779

hardhead1792

mountain trout1805

brook trout1869

silver trout1873

rainbow trout1881

steel-head1882

1792 J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 180 Hard head, Clupea dura.

1815 Trans. Lit. & Philos. Soc. N.Y. 1 453 Bony-fish, Hard-heads, or Marsbankers.

1837 N. Hawthorne Twice-told Tales (1851) II. vi. 91 The very air was fishy, being perfumed with dead sculpins, hardheads, and dogfish.

1878 G. B. Goode in Amer. Naturalist 12 735 In Maine and Massachusetts the name ‘pogy’ is almost universally in use, though in the vicinity of Cape Ann it is partially replaced by ‘hard-head’ and ‘hard-head shad’.

1882 Bull. U.S. National Mus. 16 313 S[almo] gairdneri..Steel-head; Hard-head; Salmon Trout.

1907 H. M. Smith Fishes N. Carolina 318 Micropogon undulatus (Linnæus). ‘Croaker’; ‘Crocus’; ‘Hard-head’.

1911 Fisheries U.S. 1908 (U.S. Dept. Commerce & Labor) vi. 63/2 The menhaden..is known by a great many local names, the most common being ‘pogy’, ‘hardhead’, ‘hardhead shad’, ‘bony fish’,..etc.

1975 V. Evanoff Best Ways to catch More Fish 79 The steelhead..is actually a rainbow trout... They are also called..hardheads.

2008 E. Russell & B. May Flyfisher's Guide Chesapeake Bay (ed. 2) 258 Virginia waters have benefited in the last few years from the boom in croaker (hardhead) and gray trout.

c. Chiefly Scottish. The grey gurnard, Eutrigla gurnardus (family Triglidae), of the north-east Atlantic. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Triglidae (gurnards) > genus Trigla > trigla gurnardus (hardhead)

hardhead1811

1811 P. Neill in Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 1 539 Trigla..Gurnardus... Crooner, or Crointer... It is known by a variety of other names, as Captain, Hardhead [etc.].

1877 J. Couch Hist. Fishes Brit. Islands II. 38 Gurnard. Grey Gurnard. Crooner. Croonack... Gowdie. Hardhead.

1879 Rep. Inspectors of Fisheries Eng. & Wales App. IV. 259 (table) in Parl. Papers 1878–9 (C. 2449) XVII. 251 Gurnard, Grey. In Scotland the Hardhead, Crooner, or Croonack. An excellent fish.

1905 E. Step Naturalist's Holiday x. 161 The Gray Gurnard is known to them [sc. Cornish fishermen] as the Gurnard, Hardhead, or Crooner.

7. U.S. (chiefly regional). A large stone or boulder that is very hard, rounded, and frequently found at or near the soil surface.Earliest in attributive use.Most such stones are of postglacial origin.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [noun] > other stones

loys1295

anthracites1535

rockstone?1545

stone-glass1585

milkstone1598

fieldstone1649

pebble1669

ballstone1726

grain-stone1756

knablick1757

found stone1800

sitfast1809

graptolite1838

bumble1839

hardhead1849

chock1894

chockstone1894

1849 Cultivator Apr. 125/2 Your correspondent observed that it is very hard to drill some ‘hard-head’ rocks.

1894 Ann. Rep. Mich. State Hort. Soc. 23 41 The stones were of the ‘hard head’ variety, picked from the fields.

1916 W. G. Harger & E. A. Bonney Handbk. Highway Engin. (ed. 2) xii. 417 Cobble gutters shall consist of rounded ‘hardheads,’ quarry or field stone, and shall be laid on edge.

2005 C. L. Lenney Sightseeking iii. 146 Stones were often pitched onto exposed bedrock ledges in midfield, in piles typically twelve feet apart: six feet being about the limit one could throw a hardhead.

8. Chiefly U.S. A variety of commercial marine sponge found in the west Atlantic and Caribbean, perhaps Spongia coelosia. Now rare.Earliest in attributive use.

ΚΠ

1851 Misc. Docs. House Representatives 66 v. 44 (list) 27 pounds best quality hard-head sponge, at $1 25.

1866 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 2 Nov. 764/2 Now it [sc. Bahamas sponge] is divided into the eight following classes..:—..4th, large coarse brown (coarse hardhead)..; 8th, small fine, hard tissue (small fine, hard-head, or hard brown) best quality.

1884 R. Rathbun in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 845 [American commercial sponges include] Glove Sponge..and Yellow and Hard Head, both under the name of (Spongia agaricina), subspecies corlosia [sic].

2000 Marine Pollution Bull. 41 108/1 Sponges are harvested with a minimum size limit of 5.5 in. for wool and grass sponge, 1 in. for hard head and reef sponge.

9. Chiefly U.S. The grey whale, Eschrichtius robustus.So called with reference to incidents in which this whale has been observed to ram boats.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Mystacoceti > [noun] > genus Eschrichtius (grey whale)

grey whale1834

grey1849

hardhead1860

rip-sack1860

greyback1869

1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 213 They have a variety of names among whalemen, as ‘Hard-head’, ‘Devil-fish’.

1880 Fishing Gaz. 5 June 266/1 Until experience taught them caution, great execution was done amongst the hard-heads by whale-men.

1940 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 34 110 ‘Grey whale’ means any whale known by the name of grey whale, California grey, devil fish, hard head, mussel digger, grey back, rip sack.

2011 S. G. Allen et al. Field Guide Marine Mammals Pacific Coast 172 Common names include Grayback Whale, Gray, Scrag, Mussel Digger, Hardhead, Ripsack, and Devil Fish (the names Hardhead and Devil Fish were acquired after Gray Whales smashed whaling vessels).

10. Metallurgy. A residue produced in the refining of tin, consisting of an alloy of tin, iron, and arsenic.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials produced from metalworking > [noun] > others

ostracitis1706

blue billy1838

placodine1854

hardhead1868

placodite1886

chill-crystal1940

1868 36th Ann. Rep. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Soc. 24 There are more slags formed for subsequent treatment, and more of what the smelters call ‘hardhead’, which, after being cleaned of tin..usually contains a comparatively large percentage of that metal.

1914 W. Gowland Metall. Non-ferrous Metals 415 The liquated tin from the residue in No. 1 is then charged into No. 2 for reliquation, while the refractory residue, hardhead, is raked out.

1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xxiv. 618 By adding certain ‘reagents’ (nature not disclosed) to the hearth at regular intervals the iron arsenide and sulphide were got into the slag, and the formation of ‘hard-head’ practically prevented.

2008 F. Cardarelli Materials Handbk. (ed. 2) iii. 207 At such high temperatures about 20 wt.% Sn dissolves in iron. But when the temperature is decreased, an iron-tin compound, called hardhead, is formed.

11.

a. U.S. regional (eastern). The ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis. Also called hard-headed broadbill, hard-headed dipper.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > erismatura rubida (ruddy duck)

pintail1674

saltwater or brown diving teal1678

ruddy goose1785

ruddy duck1800

dun diver1844

stick-tail1844

pin-tailed duck1851

ruddy1877

rudder duck1884

fool duck1888

hardhead1888

paddy1888

paddywhack1888

steel-head1888

hardhead1893

rudder bird1894

1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 111 In Massachusetts.., in Connecticut.., Wilmington, N.C., and Savannah, Ga., Hard-head.

1927 E. H. Forbush Birds of Mass. I. 280 Erismatura jamaicénsis (Gmelin). Ruddy Duck... Hard-head;..Hard-headed broad-bill.

2005 D. S. Maehr & H. W. Kale Florida's Birds (ed. 2) 66 Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis)... Other names Butterball.., Broadbill Dipper, Dumb Bird, Bumblebee Coot, Hardhead.

b. An Australasian diving duck, Aythya australis, which has predominantly dark brown plumage and (in the male) prominent white eyes. Also called white-eyed duck.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya nyroca (white-eye)

red duck1678

red-breasted duck1792

white-eye1810

hardhead1908

1908 M. A. C. Fraser Notes Nat. Hist. Western Austral. vi. 142 Aythya australis [Gld.] ‘White-eyed Duck’ (Hardhead).

1945 C. Barrett Austral. Bird Life 50 The white-eyed duck..commonly known as ‘hardhead’ and ‘bar-wing’, actually has white eyes.

1974 J. Byrne Duck Hunting Austral. & N.Z. 189 The Hardhead, White-eyed Duck or Punkari (Aythya australis). The Hardhead is the sole Australian representative of the Pochards.

2011 R. O'Brian & C. Robertson in E. B. Joyce & D. A. McCann Burke & Wills v. 152/2 A ‘dark brown large-winged’ duck at Lake Blanche reported by McKinlay was probably a hardhead Aythya australis.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hardhead
释义	† hardheadn.¹ Forms: see hard adj. and n. and -head suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hard adj., -head suffix. Etymology: < hard adj. + -head suffix. Compare Middle Dutch harthēde, hartheid (Dutch hartheid), Middle Low German harthēt. Obsolete. Hardness; a difficulty. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] arvethnessc1000 painc1330 difficultya1382 hardnessc1384 wondsome?a1400 hardheada1425 painfulnessa1530 difficult?1532 difficultness1549 awkness1587 uneasiness1594 difficileness1612 arduity1623 problem1641 difficacity1656 going1678 arduousness1731 catch-arse1970 the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > a difficulty difficultya1398 hardheada1425 problem1874 shauri1874 shauri1921 prob1934 a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 22^v Duricies, hardhede. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 236 In hyȝe hylles of pryde arn iiij. wyckednessys, þat arn, dryehed, hardhed, bareynhed, & a foul fall doun. c1450 J. Metham Days Moon (Garrett) in Wks. (1916) 148 (MED) That persone the qwyche takyth ony actual sekenes that day schuld long be vexyd ther-with, but at the laste he schuld with gret hardedes skape yt. c1650 (c1400) Julian of Norwich Revelations Divine Love: Longer Version (Sloane 2499) (1996) 25 Be the gretnes, hardhede and grevoushed of the naylis, the wounds wexid wider. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). hardheadn.² Brit. /ˈhɑːdˌhɛd/, U.S. /ˈhɑrdˌhɛd/ Forms: see hard adj. and n. and head n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., head n.¹ Etymology: < hard adj. + head n.¹ I. Senses relating to the human head and extended uses. †1. A miser; a parsimonious person. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person > miser or hoarder of wealth chinch?a1300 wretch1303 chincher1333 muckererc1390 mokerarda1400 muglard1440 gatherer?a1513 hoarder?a1513 warner1513 hardhead1519 snudge1545 cob1548 snidge1548 muckmonger1566 mucker1567 miser?1577 scrape-penny1584 money-miser1586 gromwell-gainer1588 muckscrape1589 muckworm1598 scrib1600 muckraker1601 morkin-gnoff1602 scrape-scall1602 incubo1607 accumulator1611 gripe-money1611 scrape-good1611 silver-hider1611 gripe1621 scrapeling1629 clutch1630 scrape-pelfa1640 volpone1672 spare-penny1707 save-all1729 bagger1740 spare-thrift1803 money-codger1818 hunger-rot1828 muckrake1850 muckthrift1852 gripe-penny1860 hugger-mugger1862 Scrooge1940 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria vi. f. 63 Some men counte them nygardis and hardheedis that wyll haue a rekenynge of exspensis. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 653 A miching hard-head and mechanicall penifather, if he fall once to love, doth relent and waxe soft as iron in the fire, and so prooveth more liberall, courteous and kinde, than ever before. 2. a. An unthinking or unintelligent person; a ‘blockhead’. Also: a person who is stubborn and uncompromising. Occasionally as a nickname. Cf. hard adj. 2c, 4.With quot. 1576 cf. sense 2c. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > [noun] asseOE sotc1000 beastc1225 long-ear?a1300 stock1303 buzzard1377 mis-feelinga1382 dasarta1400 stonea1400 dasiberd14.. dottlec1400 doddypoll1401 dastardc1440 dotterel1440 dullardc1440 wantwit1449 jobardc1475 nollc1475 assheada1500 mulea1500 dull-pate15.. peak1509 dulbert?a1513 doddy-patec1525 noddypolla1529 hammer-head1532 dull-head?1534 capon1542 dolt1543 blockhead1549 cod's head1549 mome1550 grout-head1551 gander1553 skit-brains?1553 blocka1556 calfa1556 tomfool1565 dunce1567 druggard1569 cobble1570 dummel1570 Essex calf1573 jolthead1573 hardhead1576 beetle-head1577 dor-head1577 groutnoll1578 grosshead1580 thickskin1582 noddyship?1589 jobbernowl1592 beetle-brain1593 Dorbel1593 oatmeal-groat1594 loggerhead1595 block-pate1598 cittern-head1598 noddypoop1598 dorbellist1599 numps1599 dor1601 stump1602 ram-head1605 look-like-a-goose1606 ruff1606 clod1607 turf1607 asinego1609 clot-poll1609 doddiea1611 druggle1611 duncecomb1612 ox-head1613 clod-polla1616 dulman1615 jolterhead1620 bullhead1624 dunderwhelpa1625 dunderhead1630 macaroona1631 clod-patea1635 clota1637 dildo1638 clot-pate1640 stupid1640 clod-head1644 stub1644 simpletonian1652 bottle-head1654 Bœotiana1657 vappe1657 lackwit1668 cudden1673 plant-animal1673 dolt-head1679 cabbage head1682 put1688 a piece of wood1691 ouphe1694 dunderpate1697 numbskull1697 leather-head1699 nocky1699 Tom Cony1699 mopus1700 bluff-head1703 clod skull1707 dunny1709 dowf1722 stupe1722 gamphrel1729 gobbin?1746 duncehead1749 half-wit1755 thick-skull1755 jackass1756 woollen-head1756 numbhead1757 beef-head1775 granny1776 stupid-head1792 stunpolla1794 timber-head1794 wether heada1796 dummy1796 noghead1800 staumrel1802 muttonhead1803 num1807 dummkopf1809 tumphya1813 cod's head and shoulders1820 stoopid1823 thick-head1824 gype1825 stob1825 stookiea1828 woodenhead1831 ning-nong1832 log-head1834 fat-head1835 dunderheadism1836 turnip1837 mudhead1838 donkey1840 stupex1843 cabbage1844 morepork1845 lubber-head1847 slowpoke1847 stupiditarian1850 pudding-head1851 cod's head and shoulders1852 putty head1853 moke1855 mullet-head1855 pothead1855 mug1857 thick1857 boodle1862 meathead1863 missing link1863 half-baked1866 lunk1867 turnip-head1869 rummy1872 pumpkin-head1876 tattie1879 chump1883 dully1883 cretin1884 lunkhead1884 mopstick1886 dumbhead1887 peanut head1891 pie-face1891 doughbakea1895 butt-head1896 pinhead1896 cheesehead1900 nyamps1900 box head1902 bonehead1903 chickenhead1903 thickwit1904 cluck1906 boob1907 John1908 mooch1910 nitwit1910 dikkop1913 goop1914 goofus1916 rumdum1916 bone dome1917 moron1917 oik1917 jabroni1919 dumb-bell1920 knob1920 goon1921 dimwit1922 ivory dome1923 stone jug1923 dingleberry1924 gimp1924 bird brain1926 jughead1926 cloth-head1927 dumb1928 gazook1928 mouldwarp1928 ding-dong1929 stupido1929 mook1930 sparrow-brain1930 knobhead1931 dip1932 drip1932 epsilon1932 bohunkus1933 Nimrod1933 dumbass1934 zombie1936 pea-brain1938 knot-head1940 schlump1941 jarhead1942 Joe Soap1943 knuckle-head1944 nong1944 lame-brain1945 gobshite1946 rock-head1947 potato head1948 jerko1949 turkey1951 momo1953 poop-head1955 a right one1958 bam1959 nong-nong1959 dickhead1960 dumbo1960 Herbert1960 lamer1961 bampot1962 dipshit1963 bamstick1965 doofus1965 dick1966 pillock1967 zipperhead1967 dipstick1968 thickie1968 poephol1969 yo-yo1970 doof1971 cockhead1972 nully1973 thicko1976 wazzock1976 motorhead1979 mouth-breather1979 no-brainer1979 jerkwad1980 woodentop1981 dickwad1983 dough ball1983 dickweed1984 bawheid1985 numpty1985 jerkweed1988 dick-sucker1989 knob-end1989 Muppet1989 dingus1997 dicksack1999 eight ball- 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 36 If it be the point of a wise man, to be loth to lacke the libertie of his lande, surely it is the part of a flintie fellowe and a hard head, not to be in loue with such a benefit [L. si sapientis est carere patria, duri non desiderare]. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xliii. 282 If he were not himselfe some hard head besides, and set light by learning, as a bootie but for beggers. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 22 Hard-head and Block-head, terms of reproach with us. 1721 D. Defoe in Weekly Jrnl. 23 Feb. 1327/2 Courage, as well as Wisdom, lies in the Beard... Even their God Mars himself, who was always drawn terrible with a Beard, was one of the hard Heads. 1762 Wedding Day i. 12 On some hard-heads, unheeding all their days, The sun in vain may burn them with his blaze, In mirey dirt like quacking ducks they're seen, Or thoughtless geese when squaking o'er some green. 1846 Sharpe's London Mag. 14 Nov. 41/2 Two opposing customs clashed.., thus giving occasions of dispute, whenever one hard head chanced to come in contact with another of the same nature. 1891 Century Dec. 285/1 He had..a persistence in carrying out his purposes that gave him the name of 'Hardhead' in the army. 1919 C. L. Carlsen Son of Pio 158 Senor Lasam always had a sneer for Senor Ferguson; that white man was a ‘Hardhead’ and a coward. 1985 Washington Wire 2 Aug. The Utah Republican fails to seek compromises... He's very much a man of his time and place—a Utah Mormon, Navy pilot and hard head. 2005 ‘Noire’ Candy Licker xi. 101 It was either do things the way Hurricane said or die a hardhead's death. b. A physically tough person who acts regardless of conflict or danger; an aggressive or pugnacious person; a ‘hard man’. Now chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > person tyrant1377 routera1500 termagant1508 ruffy?a1513 ruffiana1525 pander1593 thunderbolt1593 bully1604 ruffiano1611 tearer1633 violentoa1661 boy1662 violent1667 hardhead1774 Arab1788 ring-tailed roarer1828 blood-tub1853 tornado1863 stormer1886 hooligan1898 Apache1902 ned1910 rough-up1911 radge1923 goonda1926 pretty-boy1931 tough baby1932 bad-john1935 hoon1938 shit-kicker1954 tough boy1958 oafo1959 ass-kicker1962 droog1962 trog1983 1774 Weekly Misc. 3 Jan. 335 I'm too much a hard-head, you must know, To flee the danger of a thrilling blow. 1884 B. Brierley Tales & Sketches Lancs. Life 35 The two were engaged in sharpening a rusty piece of steel..shortly to do duty somewhere in the ranks of the ‘Waverlow Hardheads’, on the occasion of upsetting the Government of Victoria the First. 1921 Caledonian Oct. 298/2 Point of Rocks..is about the most dangerous spot... But the boss of the hinder caravan is a hardhead. 1942 Amer. Mercury July 85 Whenever he was challenged by a hard-head..he would..put on his ugly laugh, made up of scorn and pity. 1975 G. L. Coon Short End of Stick (new ed.) i. 23 Every outfit has its hardheads, the guys who seem to like trouble. 2011 Tampa Bay Times (Florida) (Nexis) 22 July 34 ‘If you're going to be a hardhead, getting into trouble, starting fights..it ain't gonna work.’ c. A practical, pragmatic, or shrewd person; one who is unsentimental or ruthless. Cf. hard adj. 3b.In early use (often satirically) as the name of a character displaying these qualities. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > want of or incapacity for emotion dryheada1300 lethargyc1380 drynessc1450 dumping1542 unsensibility1551 insensibleness?1555 unsensibleness?1555 stupidity1568 stolidity1570 stupor1570 dumpishness1574 senselessness1577 innaturality1579 astoniedness1580 impassibility1603 stupefaction1603 torpor1607 deadness1611 unsufferance1611 hebetude1621 nonsense1621 drought1622 hebetation1623 obstupefaction1625 unanswerableness1626 tastelessnessa1631 insensateness1646 impassiveness1648 obtuseness1648 barrenness1655 torpulency1657 sterility1661 spiritlessness1669 unspiritedness1669 unaffectedness1678 insensibility1691 stolidness1727 apathy1742 impenetrableness1747 unfeelingness1766 impassivity1794 unfeeling1805 soullessness1811 incommobility1822 obtusity1823 unimpressibleness1830 hardhead1836 stockishness1837 insensitiveness1838 impenetrability1847 unreceptivity1849 unsusceptibility1850 woodenness1854 unimpressionability1862 irresponsiveness1864 unresponsiveness1869 impassibleness1874 irreceptivity1881 unimpressibility1889 apatheia1893 inemotivity1894 affectlessness1921 insensitivity1957 1836 Morning Chron. 11 Jan. Let Ministers avail themselves of such a ‘hard head’ and first-rate lawyer in their own political ranks. 1855 Leisure Hour 19 July 478/1 ‘I know,’ says the hard man of the world, ‘He has given the official a shilling.’ No such thing, Mr Hardhead; there are other modes of reaching the porter's heart than through his breeches pocket. 1893 Boys of Eng. 26 May 415 Mr Hardhead: ‘I saved a big pile of money to-day... Instead of suing a man for what he owed me, I let him have it.’ 1938 El Paso (Texas) Herald-Post 21 Mar. 4/7 While Eastman is a liberal idealist within reason, he is a hard-head, amply supplied with common sense. 1967 P. Jones Fifth Defector xiii. 190 I'd advise you to keep your mouth shut and let the hardheads handle it at embassy level. 2012 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 17 May 17 Nutt was a hard head who had created a somewhat meaner government. But you had to admit, he was an effective strategist. 3. A game in which two or more contestants headbutt each other as a test of physical toughness; frequently in to play at hardheads. Also in later use: any of various other games involving a contest to determine the hardest object by beating one 'head' against another. Chiefly figurative. Usually (and now only) in plural. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > other unarmed combat > [noun] pancratium1603 hardhead1606 savate1843 kabaddi1935 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > other specific games > [noun] > others sitisota1400 papsea1450 half-bowl1477 pluck at the crow1523 white and black1555 running game1581 blow-pointa1586 hot cocklesa1586 one penny1585 cockelty bread1595 pouch1600 venter-point1600 hinch-pinch1603 hardhead1606 poor and rich1621 rowland-hoe1622 hubbub1634 handicap?a1653 owl1653 ostomachy1656 prelledsa1660 quarter-spellsa1660 yert-point1659 bob-her1702 score1710 parson has lost his cloak1712 drop (also throw) (the) handkerchief1754 French Fox1759 goal1765 warpling o' the green1768 start1788 kiss-in-the-ring1801 steal-clothes1809 steal-coat1816 petits paquets1821 bocce1828 graces1831 Jack-in-the-box1836 hot hand1849 sparrow-mumbling1852 Aunt Sally1858 gossip1880 Tambaroora1882 spoof1884 fishpond1892 nim1901 diabolo1906 Kim's game1908 beaver1910 treasure-hunt1913 roll-down1915 rock scissors paper1927 scissors cut paper1927 scissors game1927 the dozens1928 toad in the hole1930 game1932 scissors paper stone1932 Roshambo1936 Marco Polo1938 scavenger hunt1940 skish1940 rock paper scissors1947 to play chicken1949 sounding1962 joning1970 arcade game1978 1606 W. Middleton Papisto-mastix ix. 65 These two answeres play at hard-head, and beat out one anothers braines. 1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther ii. 57 Both play at hard-head till they break their brains. 1697 E. Settle World in Moon v. i. 37 [To] break a fools head of my own, to run my reverend But-end a tilt at a Gay Petticoat, and play the old Game of hard heads call'd Matrimony. 1755 E. F. Haywood Invisible Spy III. vi. 118 The luxuries of life have taken off all their fierceness, and while they are indulged so far as to be left to play at—Laugh and lie down,—will never go to hard-heads with any body. 1831 W. Scott Jrnl. 16 Oct. (1946) 179 He has been at hard-head [s] with the rogue[s] and come off with advantage. 1869 Children's Prize May 71/1 They were amusing themselves with a game of hard-heads, when they heard a scream. 1894 S. R. Crockett Play-actress v. 64 They played at ‘hard-heads’, at which the minister rather fancied his skill in the choice of the tough combatant specimens of that hardy vegetable. 2007 D. C. Watts Dict. Plant Lore 68/1 The flower heads of Ribwort Plantain are used as ‘soldiers’..in a children's game... One child holds out a duine dubh..and his opponent tries to decapitate it with another... The ‘soldiers’ game is also known as..Hard Heads. 4. a. A person who is not readily affected by alcohol. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess > one not easily affected by alcohol hardhead1787 1787 Twin-brothers 124 As to the glass, there we were distanced hollow; it was no match. Your old fellows are sand-beds, are tight casks, are tough metal, are hard-heads. 1848 F. A. Durivage & G. P. Burnham Stray Subj. 110 Most of the passengers had disappeared for the night, and only a knot of ‘hard-heads’ were left upon deck. 1860 E. Cowell Diary 19 Mar. in M. W. Disher Cowells in Amer. (1934) 41 Mr. Van Orden a very pleasant, but, to Sam, very dangerous companion being a great drinker, and one of the ‘Hard Heads’ whom drink does not seem to hurt. 1933 N.Y. Times 22 Aug. 14 At house dinners it had been the custom to pool the cost of the wine. The Hard Heads swore by this custom. The Weaklings objected to paying for the entertainment of the seasoned topers. 1997 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 16 Jan. 8 Keven ‘Mad Dog’ Marshall calls himself a hard head from the old school of drinkers. More accurately he is an 11-time convicted drink driver. b. A constitution not readily affected by alcohol. Cf. head n.¹ 2c(a). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking capacity lading1526 load1594 jag1678 heada1686 hardhead1794 bibosity1823 1794 G. Colman Mountaineers ii. i. 24 In respect of deep drinking, we Muleteers have hard heads. 1843 New Monthly Mag. Jan. 55 Richard almost in a state of collapse from perfect inebriety, was at last carried home. Two friends, remarkable for what topers call a hard head, undertook the charge of escorting him. 1851 Amer. Whig Rev. Feb. 153/2 Hence the requisites of our Laureate, submissiveness and a hard head..when a jolly member finds himself eternally lampooned, and traduced to all posterity by the mere octo-syllabification of his Bunkum fustian, our Laureate will have no choice but to drink him under. 1914 W. S. Davis Day in Old Athens xviii. 178 Æschines the orator will, ere long, taunt his opponent Demosthenes in public with being a ‘water drinker’; and Socrates on many occasions has given proof that he possessed a very hard head. 1933 N.Y. Times 19 Feb. sm13 The real ‘wine of the country’ is red and the Franconians are inordinately proud of it and of their capacity to consume it. It calls for a hard head and a strong stomach. 2006 F. Cole Birds of Uncertain Passage x. 59 Beryl remained unscathed—she had a hard head for drink. II. Scientific and technical uses. 5. Any of several knapweeds, typically having hard flower buds; spec. the black knapweed, Centaurea nigra. Frequently in plural with singular agreement. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > knapweed ironhardOE matfellon?a1300 hardhawa1400 bull-weeda1450 club-weeda1500 knapweed1530 crop-weed1597 hardhead1610 horse-knop1691 horse-knob1724 buttonweed1760 knobweed1785 ironweed1808 knotweed1827 ironhead1863 1610 R. Vaughan Most Approved Water-workes sig. M3^v But grasse much more profitable, thick, long, and fine; voyde of all Mosse, Hard-heads, Cow-slips, or any weede what-so-euer. 1663 J. Beale Let. 9 Nov. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 178 The drought begetting hawkeweede, hard-heads & white bodes, the moisture increasing clovers. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxvi. 404 Common or Black Knap-weed..which the country people in some places call Hard-heads. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Hard-heads, Knapweed. 1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 250 Hard-head. 1904 J. M. Maxwell Children’s Wild Flowers 147 The Black Knapweed..answers to several names, all referring to its stiff, stubborn-looking involucre, such as ‘Iron head’, ‘Horse hard head’, ‘Hard head’, [etc.]. 1935 W. C. L. Muenscher Weeds ii. 467 Centaurea Jacea L. Star-thistle, Brown knapweed,..Horse-knobs, Hardheads. 2007 Evening News (Norwich) (Nexis) 24 Apr. Knapweed—common knapweed or ‘hardheads’ is an upright perennial plant, thistle-like in appearance but without spines. 6. Any of various fishes having a hard head. a. Chiefly Scottish. The shorthorn sculpin or sea scorpion, Myxocephalus scorpius (family Cottidae), of the northern Atlantic. Also: the similar pogge or armed bullhead, Agonus cataphractus (family Agonidae), of the north-east Atlantic. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Cottidae (sculpins) > member of genus Cottus (bull-head) > cottus scorpius (sea scorpion) father-lasher1673 sting-fish1836 hardhead1867 sea scorpion1896 1699 R. Sibbald Provision for Poor iii. 22 The Pogge, the Sea Stanger, the Hardhead, the Sea Pearch. 1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross ii. iii. 53 Scorpius major nostras; our Fishers call it Hardhead. 1835 Rep. Leeds Philos. & Lit. Soc. 1834–5 16 (list) Specimen of the Hardhead (Cottus Scorpius). 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Hard-head..on our coasts the father-lasher or sea-scorpion, Cottus scorpius. 1904 J. M. Campbell Notes on Bell Rock 12 Amongst the numerous aliases by which the ‘Poach’ is known are the following—Bullhead, Hardhead , Cobbler, Shoemaker, [etc.]. b. U.S. regional. Any of several fishes, esp.: (a) the Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (also more fully hardhead shad); (b) the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; (c) the Atlantic croaker, Micropogon undulatus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun] whalec950 tumbrelc1300 sprout1340 squame1393 codmop1466 whitefish1482 lineshark?a1500 salen1508 glaucus1509 bretcock1522 warcodling1525 razor1530 bassinatc1540 goldeney1542 smy1552 maiden1555 grail1587 whiting1587 needle1589 pintle-fish1591 goldfish1598 puffin fish1598 quap1598 stork1600 black-tail1601 ellops1601 fork-fish1601 sea-grape1601 sea-lizard1601 sea-raven1601 barne1602 plosher1602 whale-mouse1607 bowman1610 catfish1620 hog1620 kettle-fish1630 sharpa1636 carda1641 housewifea1641 roucotea1641 ox-fisha1642 sea-serpent1646 croaker1651 alderling1655 butkin1655 shamefish1655 yard1655 sea-dart1664 sea-pelican1664 Negro1666 sea-parrot1666 sea-blewling1668 sea-stickling1668 skull-fish1668 whale's guide1668 sennet1671 barracuda1678 skate-bread1681 tuck-fish1681 swallowtail1683 piaba1686 pit-fish1686 sand-creeper1686 horned hog1702 soldier1704 sea-crowa1717 bran1720 grunter1726 calcops1727 bennet1731 bonefish1734 Negro fish1735 isinglass-fish1740 orb1740 gollin1747 smelt1776 night-walker1777 water monarch1785 hardhead1792 macaw-fish1792 yellowback1796 sea-raven1797 blueback1812 stumpnose1831 flat1847 butterfish1849 croppie1856 gubbahawn1857 silt1863 silt-snapper1863 mullet-head1866 sailor1883 hogback1893 skipper1898 stocker1904 the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > brevoortia tyrannus (menhaden) old wife1585 yellowtaila1622 whiting1735 shadine1782 hardhead1792 menhaden1792 mossbunker1792 bony fish1815 pauhagen1833 pogy1840 green-tailed shad1884 schoolie1891 the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > trout (unspecified and miscellaneous) > salmo irideus (rainbow trout) rainbow1779 hardhead1792 mountain trout1805 brook trout1869 silver trout1873 rainbow trout1881 steel-head1882 1792 J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 180 Hard head, Clupea dura. 1815 Trans. Lit. & Philos. Soc. N.Y. 1 453 Bony-fish, Hard-heads, or Marsbankers. 1837 N. Hawthorne Twice-told Tales (1851) II. vi. 91 The very air was fishy, being perfumed with dead sculpins, hardheads, and dogfish. 1878 G. B. Goode in Amer. Naturalist 12 735 In Maine and Massachusetts the name ‘pogy’ is almost universally in use, though in the vicinity of Cape Ann it is partially replaced by ‘hard-head’ and ‘hard-head shad’. 1882 Bull. U.S. National Mus. 16 313 S[almo] gairdneri..Steel-head; Hard-head; Salmon Trout. 1907 H. M. Smith Fishes N. Carolina 318 Micropogon undulatus (Linnæus). ‘Croaker’; ‘Crocus’; ‘Hard-head’. 1911 Fisheries U.S. 1908 (U.S. Dept. Commerce & Labor) vi. 63/2 The menhaden..is known by a great many local names, the most common being ‘pogy’, ‘hardhead’, ‘hardhead shad’, ‘bony fish’,..etc. 1975 V. Evanoff Best Ways to catch More Fish 79 The steelhead..is actually a rainbow trout... They are also called..hardheads. 2008 E. Russell & B. May Flyfisher's Guide Chesapeake Bay (ed. 2) 258 Virginia waters have benefited in the last few years from the boom in croaker (hardhead) and gray trout. c. Chiefly Scottish. The grey gurnard, Eutrigla gurnardus (family Triglidae), of the north-east Atlantic. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Triglidae (gurnards) > genus Trigla > trigla gurnardus (hardhead) hardhead1811 1811 P. Neill in Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 1 539 Trigla..Gurnardus... Crooner, or Crointer... It is known by a variety of other names, as Captain, Hardhead [etc.]. 1877 J. Couch Hist. Fishes Brit. Islands II. 38 Gurnard. Grey Gurnard. Crooner. Croonack... Gowdie. Hardhead. 1879 Rep. Inspectors of Fisheries Eng. & Wales App. IV. 259 (table) in Parl. Papers 1878–9 (C. 2449) XVII. 251 Gurnard, Grey. In Scotland the Hardhead, Crooner, or Croonack. An excellent fish. 1905 E. Step Naturalist's Holiday x. 161 The Gray Gurnard is known to them [sc. Cornish fishermen] as the Gurnard, Hardhead, or Crooner. 7. U.S. (chiefly regional). A large stone or boulder that is very hard, rounded, and frequently found at or near the soil surface.Earliest in attributive use.Most such stones are of postglacial origin. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [noun] > other stones loys1295 anthracites1535 rockstone?1545 stone-glass1585 milkstone1598 fieldstone1649 pebble1669 ballstone1726 grain-stone1756 knablick1757 found stone1800 sitfast1809 graptolite1838 bumble1839 hardhead1849 chock1894 chockstone1894 1849 Cultivator Apr. 125/2 Your correspondent observed that it is very hard to drill some ‘hard-head’ rocks. 1894 Ann. Rep. Mich. State Hort. Soc. 23 41 The stones were of the ‘hard head’ variety, picked from the fields. 1916 W. G. Harger & E. A. Bonney Handbk. Highway Engin. (ed. 2) xii. 417 Cobble gutters shall consist of rounded ‘hardheads,’ quarry or field stone, and shall be laid on edge. 2005 C. L. Lenney Sightseeking iii. 146 Stones were often pitched onto exposed bedrock ledges in midfield, in piles typically twelve feet apart: six feet being about the limit one could throw a hardhead. 8. Chiefly U.S. A variety of commercial marine sponge found in the west Atlantic and Caribbean, perhaps Spongia coelosia. Now rare.Earliest in attributive use. ΚΠ 1851 Misc. Docs. House Representatives 66 v. 44 (list) 27 pounds best quality hard-head sponge, at $1 25. 1866 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 2 Nov. 764/2 Now it [sc. Bahamas sponge] is divided into the eight following classes..:—..4th, large coarse brown (coarse hardhead)..; 8th, small fine, hard tissue (small fine, hard-head, or hard brown) best quality. 1884 R. Rathbun in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 845 [American commercial sponges include] Glove Sponge..and Yellow and Hard Head, both under the name of (Spongia agaricina), subspecies corlosia [sic]. 2000 Marine Pollution Bull. 41 108/1 Sponges are harvested with a minimum size limit of 5.5 in. for wool and grass sponge, 1 in. for hard head and reef sponge. 9. Chiefly U.S. The grey whale, Eschrichtius robustus.So called with reference to incidents in which this whale has been observed to ram boats. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Mystacoceti > [noun] > genus Eschrichtius (grey whale) grey whale1834 grey1849 hardhead1860 rip-sack1860 greyback1869 1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 213 They have a variety of names among whalemen, as ‘Hard-head’, ‘Devil-fish’. 1880 Fishing Gaz. 5 June 266/1 Until experience taught them caution, great execution was done amongst the hard-heads by whale-men. 1940 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 34 110 ‘Grey whale’ means any whale known by the name of grey whale, California grey, devil fish, hard head, mussel digger, grey back, rip sack. 2011 S. G. Allen et al. Field Guide Marine Mammals Pacific Coast 172 Common names include Grayback Whale, Gray, Scrag, Mussel Digger, Hardhead, Ripsack, and Devil Fish (the names Hardhead and Devil Fish were acquired after Gray Whales smashed whaling vessels). 10. Metallurgy. A residue produced in the refining of tin, consisting of an alloy of tin, iron, and arsenic. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials produced from metalworking > [noun] > others ostracitis1706 blue billy1838 placodine1854 hardhead1868 placodite1886 chill-crystal1940 1868 36th Ann. Rep. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Soc. 24 There are more slags formed for subsequent treatment, and more of what the smelters call ‘hardhead’, which, after being cleaned of tin..usually contains a comparatively large percentage of that metal. 1914 W. Gowland Metall. Non-ferrous Metals 415 The liquated tin from the residue in No. 1 is then charged into No. 2 for reliquation, while the refractory residue, hardhead, is raked out. 1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xxiv. 618 By adding certain ‘reagents’ (nature not disclosed) to the hearth at regular intervals the iron arsenide and sulphide were got into the slag, and the formation of ‘hard-head’ practically prevented. 2008 F. Cardarelli Materials Handbk. (ed. 2) iii. 207 At such high temperatures about 20 wt.% Sn dissolves in iron. But when the temperature is decreased, an iron-tin compound, called hardhead, is formed. 11. a. U.S. regional (eastern). The ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis. Also called hard-headed broadbill, hard-headed dipper. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > erismatura rubida (ruddy duck) pintail1674 saltwater or brown diving teal1678 ruddy goose1785 ruddy duck1800 dun diver1844 stick-tail1844 pin-tailed duck1851 ruddy1877 rudder duck1884 fool duck1888 hardhead1888 paddy1888 paddywhack1888 steel-head1888 hardhead1893 rudder bird1894 1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 111 In Massachusetts.., in Connecticut.., Wilmington, N.C., and Savannah, Ga., Hard-head. 1927 E. H. Forbush Birds of Mass. I. 280 Erismatura jamaicénsis (Gmelin). Ruddy Duck... Hard-head;..Hard-headed broad-bill. 2005 D. S. Maehr & H. W. Kale Florida's Birds (ed. 2) 66 Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis)... Other names Butterball.., Broadbill Dipper, Dumb Bird, Bumblebee Coot, Hardhead. b. An Australasian diving duck, Aythya australis, which has predominantly dark brown plumage and (in the male) prominent white eyes. Also called white-eyed duck. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya nyroca (white-eye) red duck1678 red-breasted duck1792 white-eye1810 hardhead1908 1908 M. A. C. Fraser Notes Nat. Hist. Western Austral. vi. 142 Aythya australis [Gld.] ‘White-eyed Duck’ (Hardhead). 1945 C. Barrett Austral. Bird Life 50 The white-eyed duck..commonly known as ‘hardhead’ and ‘bar-wing’, actually has white eyes. 1974 J. Byrne Duck Hunting Austral. & N.Z. 189 The Hardhead, White-eyed Duck or Punkari (Aythya australis). The Hardhead is the sole Australian representative of the Pochards. 2011 R. O'Brian & C. Robertson in E. B. Joyce & D. A. McCann Burke & Wills v. 152/2 A ‘dark brown large-winged’ duck at Lake Blanche reported by McKinlay was probably a hardhead Aythya australis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). hardheadn.³ Brit. /ˈhɑːdhɛd/, U.S. /ˈhɑrdhɛd/, Scottish English /ˈhardhɛd/ Forms: α. see hard adj. and n. and head n.¹ β. also pre-1700 harddit, pre-1700 hardeit, 1800s hardit. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Apparently formed within English, by compounding; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: hard adj., head n.¹ Etymology: Origin uncertain. Apparently < hard adj. + head n.¹ (compare hardhead n.²), perhaps as a folk-etymological alteration of Middle French ardit, hardit, hardi, denoting various (chiefly small) coins (French hardi, now historical).French coins of this type appear to have circulated in Scotland in the 1540s and 1550s. Middle French ardit , hardit , hardi is attested from the first half of the 15th cent. denoting a small, low-value coin current in Gascony and later also in other parts of France (compare Old Occitan (Gascon) ardit (1346)); it is uncertain whether the same word is shown by Middle French hardi , denoting a gold coin struck (originally in Flanders) in the reign of Louis de Crécy, Count of Flanders (1338). The name of the low-value French coin is probably ultimately < post-classical Latin arditus , denoting a small Gascon copper coin (although this is first attested only from 1434; 1409 as ardicus ; originally and chiefly in sources from Gascony; of uncertain and disputed origin); the French word probably shows later (folk-etymological) association with Middle French, French hardi hardy adj. Scottish. Now historical. (The name of) a Scottish base-silver coin (later of copper) current in the 16th and 17th centuries, worth about one and a half English pennies; = lion n. 6b.The hardhead was coined in 1555–60, and again in 1588. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > Scottish coins > [noun] > other Scottish coins sterling1387 plack1473 sture1493 stick1494 bawbee1542 hardhead1559 nonsunt1559 liona1572 atchison1600 turner1631 turnover1640 bodle1650 forty penny piece1681 rigmariea1682 cross-daggera1690 mark1762 the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > erismatura rubida (ruddy duck) pintail1674 saltwater or brown diving teal1678 ruddy goose1785 ruddy duck1800 dun diver1844 stick-tail1844 pin-tailed duck1851 ruddy1877 rudder duck1884 fool duck1888 hardhead1888 paddy1888 paddywhack1888 steel-head1888 hardhead1893 rudder bird1894 1559 in J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) I. 403 They spair not planelie to brek doun and convert the guid and stark money..into this thair corruptit skruiff and baggage of Hard-heidis and Non Suntis. 1563 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. 440 Convict of contirfeeting of the prenting irnes..of ane Lyone callit þe Hardheid. 1579 Digest Justiciary Proclam. I. 83 Johnne Mayne..delaitit..of the..prenting of certane fals adulterat money, viz. fals harddittis. 1601 G. de Malynes Treat. Canker Englands Commonw. ii. 78 Their copper monies vsed in abundant manner, as their Hardheads, Bodwels, Plackx, Atchisons, Nonsunts, and Turnouers. 1656 W. Sanderson Compl. Hist. Mary & James VI i. 82 He was the first Coiner of the Copper in that Kingdom, called Hard-heads, and after abased them from 3 half pence to a penny. 1786 A. de Cardonnel Numismata Scotiæ Pref. 33 Fynes Morrison, in his Itinerary printed 1617, speaks of other coins called Placks of four pennies Scottish, and hardheads of one and one half. 1833 R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. I. 487 (footnote for ‘Hardheidis’) Hardits, hardies or Lions, copper coins, then of the value of three halfpence, but they were afterwards depreciated to one penny by Regent Morton. 1893 Antiquary Mar. 105 Coins found in St. Queran's well 1869..James VI hardheads or bodles. 1916 Mod. Philol. 13 172 Hardhead, small billon or copper coin of Scotland, of the value of about three halfpence English money: from the rough or hard figure of a head on the coin. 2000 Sc. Archaeol. Jrnl. 22 193 The wide variety of coin types, such as turners, placks, hardheads and bodles may well be unfamiliar to many readers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1425n.²1519n.³1559
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