hardbeamn.

Brit.

/ˈhɑːdbiːm/, U.S.

/ˈhɑrdˌbim/

Forms: see hard adj. and n. and beam n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., beam n.¹

Etymology: < hard adj. + beam n.¹ Compare Dutch †hardtboom, denoting a tree with hard wood, perhaps the hornbeam (1555).Compare Old English heard bēam, probably in sense ‘tree with hard wood’, although the implications in the context of the following charm are not entirely clear:OE Metrical Charm: For Unfruitful Land (Calig. A.vii) 7 Nim..ælces treowcynnes dæl þe on þæm lande sy gewexen, butan heardan beaman.

Now rare (English regional in later use).

The hornbeam, Carpinus betulus; (also) the wood of this tree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > hardwood tree > particular hardwood trees or shrubs

witch hazela1400

mazer?c1475

hardbeam1544

sugar-chest1545

hornbeam1577

yoke tree1585

yoke elm1597

iron tree1623

ironwood1672

horn-wood1731

horse-beech1731

horn-beech1771

hardwood1842

stonewood1863

1544–5 G. Maxey & W. Mildmay Surv. Woodes within Countie of Essex in Jrnl. House Commons 48 (1803) 523 Item, Ravensokehill contʼ lxvii Acres..well sett with husbandez of Oke and hardbeame.

1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 12 Steles [of arrows] be made of dyuerse woodes..as..Hardbeame [etc.].

1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1296 It is also called..in English Hornbeame, Hardbeame, Yoke Elme, and in some places Witch hasell.

1690 J. Ray Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Brit. 217 The Hornbeam, or Hardbeam-tree, called in some places the Horsebeech or Hornbeech, for some likeness of the Leaves to Beech.

1747 Bradley's Dict. Plants I. at Arbor aquam fundens Park It is as big as an Oak of middle Size, the Bark white like Hard-Beam.

1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod ii. i. 54 [Arrows] made of oak, hardbeam, or birch.

1839 Naturalist 4 425 Carpinus betulus, Horn-beam or Hard-beam (Witch or Wych Hasel of Essex).

1904 P. Macquoid Hist. Eng. Furnit. I. v. 149 In times past, men were contented to dwell in houses built of sallow-willow, plum-tree, hardbeam, and elm.

2003 Times (Nexis) 15 Nov. (Weekend Review) 31 This was a hornbeam wood five centuries ago. The tree is known locally as hardbeam, and was sometimes used for making cog-wheels and ox-yokes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hardbeam
释义	hardbeamn. Brit. /ˈhɑːdbiːm/, U.S. /ˈhɑrdˌbim/ Forms: see hard adj. and n. and beam n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., beam n.¹ Etymology: < hard adj. + beam n.¹ Compare Dutch †hardtboom, denoting a tree with hard wood, perhaps the hornbeam (1555).Compare Old English heard bēam, probably in sense ‘tree with hard wood’, although the implications in the context of the following charm are not entirely clear:OE Metrical Charm: For Unfruitful Land (Calig. A.vii) 7 Nim..ælces treowcynnes dæl þe on þæm lande sy gewexen, butan heardan beaman. Now rare (English regional in later use). The hornbeam, Carpinus betulus; (also) the wood of this tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > hardwood tree > particular hardwood trees or shrubs witch hazela1400 mazer?c1475 hardbeam1544 sugar-chest1545 hornbeam1577 yoke tree1585 yoke elm1597 iron tree1623 ironwood1672 horn-wood1731 horse-beech1731 horn-beech1771 hardwood1842 stonewood1863 1544–5 G. Maxey & W. Mildmay Surv. Woodes within Countie of Essex in Jrnl. House Commons 48 (1803) 523 Item, Ravensokehill contʼ lxvii Acres..well sett with husbandez of Oke and hardbeame. 1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 12 Steles [of arrows] be made of dyuerse woodes..as..Hardbeame [etc.]. 1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1296 It is also called..in English Hornbeame, Hardbeame, Yoke Elme, and in some places Witch hasell. 1690 J. Ray Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Brit. 217 The Hornbeam, or Hardbeam-tree, called in some places the Horsebeech or Hornbeech, for some likeness of the Leaves to Beech. 1747 Bradley's Dict. Plants I. at Arbor aquam fundens Park It is as big as an Oak of middle Size, the Bark white like Hard-Beam. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod ii. i. 54 [Arrows] made of oak, hardbeam, or birch. 1839 Naturalist 4 425 Carpinus betulus, Horn-beam or Hard-beam (Witch or Wych Hasel of Essex). 1904 P. Macquoid Hist. Eng. Furnit. I. v. 149 In times past, men were contented to dwell in houses built of sallow-willow, plum-tree, hardbeam, and elm. 2003 Times (Nexis) 15 Nov. (Weekend Review) 31 This was a hornbeam wood five centuries ago. The tree is known locally as hardbeam, and was sometimes used for making cog-wheels and ox-yokes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1544
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