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单词 hard-set
释义

hard-setadj.

Brit. /ˌhɑːdˈsɛt/, U.S. /ˈˌhɑrdˈsɛt/
Forms: see hard adv. and set adj.1
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adv., set adj.1
Etymology: < hard adv. + set adj.1
1. Beset by difficulty or trouble; in a difficult position, in difficulty; (in later use esp.) hard put to it to do something (see put v. Phrases 2b). Cf. hard adv. 2a and to be hard set at set v.1 122b.Quot. a1387 shows the past participle of aset v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adjective] > having difficulty > beset with difficulties
poseletc1390
withstad14..
ystadea1440
mireda1522
hard-set1572
hard-pressed1707
necessitous1711
hard pushed1785
hard-run1834
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 55 Þere he [sc. Hannibal] was harde a sette [L. infestatus] foure dayes wiþ Galles.]
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 449 I sall hald that I haue hecht, bot I be hard set.
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xxxvi. 313 When I was hunting one [sc. a fox], he being hard sett, and but litle before the doggs and the hunters, caught in his mouth the bough of a croked ashetree.
1753 Pædo-baptism ii. 37 As his conclusion is now come to it's last legs; so it will be hard set, to maintain it's ground.
1757 Mother-in-law II. iv. 47 They must be hard set indeed, before they would feed upon all Skin and Bone, without any Flesh.
1829 T. C. Grattan Traits of Trav. II. 92 The peasants understood no other language, and I was hard set to work my way, with the scanty knowledge I possessed.
1866 H. H. Brownell War-lyrics 76 A caitiff blow, (Foully dealt on a hard-set foe), Ever is underwise.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 221 I have sent for some books..Until they arrive, I shall be rather hard-set.
1904 M. M. Bodkin Patsey the Omadaun 166 He was hardset to persuade himself it was that that ailed him.
1930 Times of India 22 Jan. 16/1 Music lovers who have a trial hearing of both [recordings] will be hard set to make a decision to buy one and not the other.
1943 Galveston (Texas) Tribune 30 Jan. 4/1 Even John Kieran would be hard-set to trip him on any subject.
2005 Sunday Tribune (Ireland) (Nexis) 25 Sept. n5 A nine-month-old child is hard set to sit up at that age, never mind sit in its own seat.
2. Of liquid, soil, etc.: set so as to be hard or firm.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [adjective] > hardened
yharded1297
hardeneda1425
hardedc1425
starkeda1500
enharded1523
indurate1531
stonied1590
over-hardened1612
obdured1619
immarbled1641
stockfished1654
obdurate1743
hard-set?1781
?1781 J. Ringsted Farmer vi. 60 The hop malady, called the Mould,..is found where the surface of the land is hard set and flat.
1813 R. Wilson Private Diary II. 448 More like Egypt's alluvium during the inundation than hard-set soil.
1890 Nature 16 Oct. 602/1 Beds of rigid lava and hard-set ash.
1954 Ann. Brit. School Athens 49 111 I came across a round tower..; it was built of small stones, ill-cut and rendered in all the joints with hard-set clay.
1992 N. Curry Walking to Santiago 10 A candlestick carved from a single stem of juniper, with traces of scented beeswax still hard-set in the bowl.
2009 Sun (Nexis) 18 Apr. (TV Mag.) 14 I don't like a posh jelly—a very hardset cheap jelly is okay!
3. Determined, resolute; obstinate; (also) firmly fixed in one's mind.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [adjective]
stallc1275
unflichinga1340
adviseda1393
affirmed1440
constant1481
resolved1518
resolute1522
well-settled?1532
ratified1533
unbashed1536
bent1548
well-resolved1565
unabashed1571
determinate1587
undaunted1587
peremptory1589
confirmed1594
decretal1608
pight1608
intent1610
definitivea1616
unshrinkinga1616
naylessa1618
pitched1642
decisive1658
martyrly1659
certain1667
fell1667
decretory1674
martyrial1678
decretorian1679
invariable1696
unflinching1728
hell-bent1731
decided1767
determined1773
iron-headed1787
adamantine1788
unwincing1802
stick-at-nothing1805
adamant1816
hard-set1818
rock-like1833
bound1844
do-or-die1851
unbased1860
focused1888
capable de tout1899
purposive1903
go-for-broke1946
hard rock1947
take-no-shit1992
the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective]
starkOE
moodyOE
stithc1000
stidyc1175
stallc1275
harda1382
stubbornc1386
obstinate?1387
throa1400
hard nolleda1425
obstinant?a1425
pertinacec1425
stablec1440
dour1488
unresigned1497
difficultc1503
hard-necked1530
pertinatec1534
obstacle1535
stout-stomached1549
hard-faced1567
stunt1581
hard-headed1583
pertinacious1583
stuntly1583
peremptory1589
stomachous1590
mulish1600
stomachful1600
obstined1606
restive1633
obstinacious1649
opinionated1649
tenacious1656
iron-sided1659
sturdy1664
cat-witted1672
obstinated1672
unyielding1677
ruggish1688
bullet-headed1699
tough1780
pelsy1785
stupid1788
hard-set1818
thick and thin1822
stuntya1825
rigwiddie1826
indomitable1830
recalcitrant1830
set1848
mule-headed1870
muley1871
capitose1881
hard-nosed1917
tight1928
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian i, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 4 It's a hard-set willyard beast this o' mine.
1869 S. Smith David Lloyd's Last Will II. vi. 78 He saw Clough seated on the chair nearest the door, in an attitude of unconscious but unmistakable doggedness, with a face expressive of a hard-set and stubborn determination.
1904 Physical Culture Aug. 143/2 John's stubborn, hard-set mind was beginning to reassert its common sense.
1973 Boys' Life Jan. 11/1 He was very hard-set in his ideas of right and wrong, and he didn't bend.
1998 H. M. Hyman Craftsmanship & Char. 252 Elkins only partially and unsystematically modified certain of his hard-set convictions concerning V&E's [= Vinson & Elkins'] governance.
4. Of a person's face, jaw, expression, etc.: rigidly set, esp. as expressing or characteristic of determination.
ΚΠ
1827 ‘Delta’ Auld Robin Gray in A. A. Watts Lit. Souvenir 304 He was a tall, lour-shouthered carle..wi' strong, hard-set features, and a brown, three-story wig.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud iv. iv, in Maud & Other Poems 16 I..smile a hard-set smile, like a stoic.
1918 Boys' Life Nov. 57/2 Dashing the sweat out of their hard-set eyes, they work on.
1995 S. Krinard Star Crossed 322 Rook turned to him with narrowed eyes and hard-set jaw, blatantly menacing.
2005 Western Mail (Nexis) 28 Feb. 20 He saw a face full of reason but hard-set and plain, framed by closely cropped hair.
5. Of a bird's egg: in which incubation is well advanced. Cf. set v.1 15d.
ΚΠ
1844 Hull Packet & E. Riding Times 14 June 6/1 The third [nest] has four eggs, hard-set.
1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 339 Some say it is the hardset eggs he [sc. the snake] prefers.
1949 Ibis 91 660 I came across several nests near Elisabethville, finding both fresh and hard-set eggs in early February.
2011 Herald Express (Torquay) (Nexis) 2 July (Features section) 16 Two or three eggs in the nest meant they were hard set... If you boiled them you risked the chance of having an embryo chick staring up at you when you opened the shell top.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1572
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