havocn.

Brit.

/ˈhavək/, U.S.

/ˈhævək/

Forms: Middle English havok, Middle English hauoke, haue ok, 1500s–1600s havocke, 1500s–1800s havock, 1500s– havoc.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman havok, altered in some way from Old French havot (c1150 in Du Cange, havo), used in same sense, especially in phrase crier havot. Probably of Germanic origin.

1. In the phrase cry havoc, originally to give to an army the order havoc!, as the signal for the seizure of spoil, and so of general spoliation or pillage. In later use (usually after Shakespeare) figurative, and associated with sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (intransitive)]

harryc893

skeckc1330

skicka1400

cry havoc1419

foray1487

raven1570

booty1580

rapine1580

pillage1593

boot-hale1598

to make boota1599

ravage1604

scummer1633

maraud1684

loot1842

raid1848

1385 Ord. War Rich. II in Black Bk. Admiralty (Rolls) I. 455 Item, qe nul soit si hardy de crier havok sur peine davoir la test coupe.

1405 Abp. Scrope in Historians Ch. York (Rolls) II. 296 Idem dominus Henricus..bona regia ubicunque fuerant inventa vastavit, et, clamando havok, fideles homines, tam spirituales quam temporales, quosdam spoliavit.]

1419 Ord. War Hen. V in Black Bk. Admiralty (Rolls) I. 462 That noman be so hardy to crye havok upon peyn that he that is founde begynner to dye therfore.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 207 & for his euylle dedys his godys be cryed be þe kyng ‘haue ok’.

c1525 in Grose Hist. Eng. Army (1801) I. 194 Likewise be all manner of beasts, when they be brought into the field and cried havoke, then every man to take his part.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 318 This quarry cries on hauock.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 276 Cæsars Spirit..Shall..with a Monarkes voyce, Cry hauocke, and let slip the Dogges of Warre.

1858 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) II. i. 76 That bold and sceptical spirit which cried havoc to the prejudices and superstitions of men.

2. Devastation, destruction; esp. in to make havoc, to play havoc (frequently const. with), in which the earlier sense of spoliation or plunder has gradually passed into that of destructive devastation. Also in weakened sense: confusion and disorder, disarray. The phrase to create havoc is also common; see also to work havoc at work v. Phrases 8.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > devastation or desolation

harryingc900

harrowingc1000

wastinga1300

destructionc1330

harryc1330

wastenessa1382

wastitya1382

desolation1382

unroningnessa1400

wrackc1407

exile1436

havoc1480

hership1487

vastation1545

vastitude1545

sackc1550

population1552

waste1560

ravishment1570

riotingc1580

pull-down1588

desolating1591

degast1592

devastation1603

ravage1611

wracking1611

ravagement1766

herriment1787

carnage1848

wastage1909

enhavocking-

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > cause devastation

to make stressa1400

to make havoc1480

ravage1604

to work havoca1774

to play (up) old gooseberry1827

to play havoc1910

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > [noun] > chaos

havoc1480

chaos?1533

tohu-bohu1619

Tophet1837

carnage1848

choss1937

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > become disordered [verb (intransitive)] > cause disorder

to make havoc1480

to play the devil (also the very devil, the devil and all)1542

to play the dickens1771

to work havoca1774

to play smash1841

to play havoc1910

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > [noun]

derayc1300

disray13..

disordinancec1374

unordaininga1382

perturbationa1398

disarrayc1410

misordera1513

disorder1530

confusionc1540

mistemper1549

indisposition1598

ataxy1615

disordination1626

indigestion1630

tumble1634

discomposure1641

incomposure1644

dyscrasy1647

dislocation1659

disarrayment1661

disjuncture1683

rack and manger1687

rantum-scantum1695

derangement1737

disarrangement1790

misarray1810

havoc1812

unhingement1817

mingle-mangleness1827

bedevilment1843

higgledy-piggledyness1854

ramshackledom1897

inchoateness1976

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > cause great harm to

to play hell (with)1750

to make havoc1812

to play Old Harry with1837

to play the bear1854

to play hell and Tommy1859

to play buggery1898

to play havoc1910

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxix. 265 They..slowe al alyens and despoilled al hir goodes and made hauoke.

1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Catech. & Other Pieces (1844) 92 Whole Jewry came to havoc, and finally both destruction and desolation.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Thrasibulus in Panoplie Epist. 202 Make havock of them one with another.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Ecclus. xxxvi. Comm. By discord al things goe to havocke.

1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi iv. §2. 72 What havock the floud had made.

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 22 The Scurvy..made a most dreadful Havock among us.

1812 M. E. Bicknell Let. 28 Oct. in J. Constable Corr. (1964) II. 91 You perfectly well know, what terrible havoc it [sc. meeting often] makes with your time.

1868 Ld. Tennyson Lucretius 22 The wicked broth Confused the chemic labour of the blood..Made havock among those tender cells.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 289 The work of William at this time was simple unmitigated havoc.

1900 J. Morley Cromwell i. 3 The thirst after broad classifications works havoc with truth.

1908 E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber i. iv. 129 Terrestrial storms work as much if not greater havoc in the shallow places of the sea as on the land.

1910 G. D. Abraham Mountain Adv. vi. 115 The hot sun, reflected off the snow, played havoc with his complexion.

1934 G. G. Coulton H. W. Fowler 156 He..displayed..anxiety about the havoc made in the projected festivities.

1949 Times Lit. Suppl. 4 Nov. 715/2 History has played havoc with their hopes.

1961 J. E. Mansion Harrap's Fr. & Eng. Dict. 705/2 The storm..played havoc with the crops.

1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Several small children can create havoc in a house.

1964 Times 5 Sept. 9/5 Surely one can make up one's mind as to which [political party] would create less havoc if they came to power.

1965 ‘A. Nicol’ Truly Married Woman 24 I have created enough havoc in one afternoon as it is.

1966 B. Kimenye Kalasanda Revisited 86 The fine, dust-like substance enveloped him in a cloud which played havoc with the delicate membranes of his eyes and nose.

1969 Times 25 Mar. 16/1 The noise and clatter of high-revving engines can play havoc with a driver's nerves.

1971 B. Patten Irrelevant Song 32 This creature singled out creates Havoc with intelligence.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

havocv.

Inflections: havocked, havocking;

Etymology: < havoc n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈhavoc.

1. transitive. To make havoc of; to devastate; to lay waste. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.)

harryc893

fordoc900

awesteeOE

westeeOE

losec950

harrowc1000

destroyc1230

wastec1275

ravishc1325

to lie waste1338

exilea1382

to-wastea1382

unronea1400

desolatea1425

vast1434

fruster?a1513

to lay waste1535

wipe1535

devast1537

depopulate1548

populate1552

forwaste1563

ruinate1564

havoc1575

scourge1576

dispopulate1588

destitute1593

ravage1602

harassa1618

devastate1638

execute1679

to make stroy of1682

to lay in ashes1711

untown1783

hell-rake1830

uncity1850

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (transitive)]

reaveOE

harrowc1000

ravishc1325

spoil1382

forayc1400

forage1417

riflea1425

distrussc1430

riotc1440

detruss1475

sacka1547

havoc1575

sackage1585

pillagea1593

ravage1602

yravish1609

boot-hale1610

booty-hale1610

plunder1632

forage1642

rape1673

prig1819

loot1845

raid1875

1575 G. Fenton Golden Epist. f. 96^v A great Prince..entreth into the Lande of his enemie..to surmount and hauocke his enemie.

1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 38 To havock and turn upside-down whole Kingdoms of men.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 617 See with what heat these Dogs of Hell advance To waste and havoc yonder World.

1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket i. i. 34 Those baron-brutes That havock'd all the land in Stephen's day.

2. intransitive. To make havoc, work devastation.

ΚΠ

1796 E. Inchbald Nature & Art xli Remorse..havocked on his firm inflexible mind as it would on a weak and pliant brain.

Derivatives

ˈhavocking n.

ΚΠ

a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) II. 148 This lords vast havocking of his patrimony.

ˈhavocker n. one who havocs or makes havoc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > devastation or desolation > one who or that which

wastera1382

harrowerc1450

harrier1596

desolation1608

ravager1611

dispeopler1616

depopulator1623

desolatora1638

vastator1659

havocker1680

devaster1789

devastator1818

1680 T. Otway Hist. Caius Marius i. 4 This Havocker..That..hunts Our Senate into Holes.

1824 J. Symmons tr. Æschylus Agamemnon 145 The havocker meets havock in his turn.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	havoc
释义	havocn. Brit. /ˈhavək/, U.S. /ˈhævək/ Forms: Middle English havok, Middle English hauoke, haue ok, 1500s–1600s havocke, 1500s–1800s havock, 1500s– havoc. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman havok, altered in some way from Old French havot (c1150 in Du Cange, havo), used in same sense, especially in phrase crier havot. Probably of Germanic origin. 1. In the phrase cry havoc, originally to give to an army the order havoc!, as the signal for the seizure of spoil, and so of general spoliation or pillage. In later use (usually after Shakespeare) figurative, and associated with sense 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (intransitive)] harryc893 skeckc1330 skicka1400 cry havoc1419 foray1487 raven1570 booty1580 rapine1580 pillage1593 boot-hale1598 to make boota1599 ravage1604 scummer1633 maraud1684 loot1842 raid1848 1385 Ord. War Rich. II in Black Bk. Admiralty (Rolls) I. 455 Item, qe nul soit si hardy de crier havok sur peine davoir la test coupe. 1405 Abp. Scrope in Historians Ch. York (Rolls) II. 296 Idem dominus Henricus..bona regia ubicunque fuerant inventa vastavit, et, clamando havok, fideles homines, tam spirituales quam temporales, quosdam spoliavit.] 1419 Ord. War Hen. V in Black Bk. Admiralty (Rolls) I. 462 That noman be so hardy to crye havok upon peyn that he that is founde begynner to dye therfore. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 207 & for his euylle dedys his godys be cryed be þe kyng ‘haue ok’. c1525 in Grose Hist. Eng. Army (1801) I. 194 Likewise be all manner of beasts, when they be brought into the field and cried havoke, then every man to take his part. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 318 This quarry cries on hauock. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 276 Cæsars Spirit..Shall..with a Monarkes voyce, Cry hauocke, and let slip the Dogges of Warre. 1858 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) II. i. 76 That bold and sceptical spirit which cried havoc to the prejudices and superstitions of men. 2. Devastation, destruction; esp. in to make havoc, to play havoc (frequently const. with), in which the earlier sense of spoliation or plunder has gradually passed into that of destructive devastation. Also in weakened sense: confusion and disorder, disarray. The phrase to create havoc is also common; see also to work havoc at work v. Phrases 8. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > devastation or desolation harryingc900 harrowingc1000 wastinga1300 destructionc1330 harryc1330 wastenessa1382 wastitya1382 desolation1382 unroningnessa1400 wrackc1407 exile1436 havoc1480 hership1487 vastation1545 vastitude1545 sackc1550 population1552 waste1560 ravishment1570 riotingc1580 pull-down1588 desolating1591 degast1592 devastation1603 ravage1611 wracking1611 ravagement1766 herriment1787 carnage1848 wastage1909 enhavocking- the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > cause devastation to make stressa1400 to make havoc1480 ravage1604 to work havoca1774 to play (up) old gooseberry1827 to play havoc1910 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > [noun] > chaos havoc1480 chaos?1533 tohu-bohu1619 Tophet1837 carnage1848 choss1937 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > become disordered [verb (intransitive)] > cause disorder to make havoc1480 to play the devil (also the very devil, the devil and all)1542 to play the dickens1771 to work havoca1774 to play smash1841 to play havoc1910 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > [noun] derayc1300 disray13.. disordinancec1374 unordaininga1382 perturbationa1398 disarrayc1410 misordera1513 disorder1530 confusionc1540 mistemper1549 indisposition1598 ataxy1615 disordination1626 indigestion1630 tumble1634 discomposure1641 incomposure1644 dyscrasy1647 dislocation1659 disarrayment1661 disjuncture1683 rack and manger1687 rantum-scantum1695 derangement1737 disarrangement1790 misarray1810 havoc1812 unhingement1817 mingle-mangleness1827 bedevilment1843 higgledy-piggledyness1854 ramshackledom1897 inchoateness1976 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > cause great harm to to play hell (with)1750 to make havoc1812 to play Old Harry with1837 to play the bear1854 to play hell and Tommy1859 to play buggery1898 to play havoc1910 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxix. 265 They..slowe al alyens and despoilled al hir goodes and made hauoke. 1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Catech. & Other Pieces (1844) 92 Whole Jewry came to havoc, and finally both destruction and desolation. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Thrasibulus in Panoplie Epist. 202 Make havock of them one with another. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Ecclus. xxxvi. Comm. By discord al things goe to havocke. 1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi iv. §2. 72 What havock the floud had made. 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 22 The Scurvy..made a most dreadful Havock among us. 1812 M. E. Bicknell Let. 28 Oct. in J. Constable Corr. (1964) II. 91 You perfectly well know, what terrible havoc it [sc. meeting often] makes with your time. 1868 Ld. Tennyson Lucretius 22 The wicked broth Confused the chemic labour of the blood..Made havock among those tender cells. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 289 The work of William at this time was simple unmitigated havoc. 1900 J. Morley Cromwell i. 3 The thirst after broad classifications works havoc with truth. 1908 E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber i. iv. 129 Terrestrial storms work as much if not greater havoc in the shallow places of the sea as on the land. 1910 G. D. Abraham Mountain Adv. vi. 115 The hot sun, reflected off the snow, played havoc with his complexion. 1934 G. G. Coulton H. W. Fowler 156 He..displayed..anxiety about the havoc made in the projected festivities. 1949 Times Lit. Suppl. 4 Nov. 715/2 History has played havoc with their hopes. 1961 J. E. Mansion Harrap's Fr. & Eng. Dict. 705/2 The storm..played havoc with the crops. 1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Several small children can create havoc in a house. 1964 Times 5 Sept. 9/5 Surely one can make up one's mind as to which [political party] would create less havoc if they came to power. 1965 ‘A. Nicol’ Truly Married Woman 24 I have created enough havoc in one afternoon as it is. 1966 B. Kimenye Kalasanda Revisited 86 The fine, dust-like substance enveloped him in a cloud which played havoc with the delicate membranes of his eyes and nose. 1969 Times 25 Mar. 16/1 The noise and clatter of high-revving engines can play havoc with a driver's nerves. 1971 B. Patten Irrelevant Song 32 This creature singled out creates Havoc with intelligence. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). havocv. Inflections: havocked, havocking; Etymology: < havoc n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈhavoc. 1. transitive. To make havoc of; to devastate; to lay waste. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.) harryc893 fordoc900 awesteeOE westeeOE losec950 harrowc1000 destroyc1230 wastec1275 ravishc1325 to lie waste1338 exilea1382 to-wastea1382 unronea1400 desolatea1425 vast1434 fruster?a1513 to lay waste1535 wipe1535 devast1537 depopulate1548 populate1552 forwaste1563 ruinate1564 havoc1575 scourge1576 dispopulate1588 destitute1593 ravage1602 harassa1618 devastate1638 execute1679 to make stroy of1682 to lay in ashes1711 untown1783 hell-rake1830 uncity1850 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (transitive)] reaveOE harrowc1000 ravishc1325 spoil1382 forayc1400 forage1417 riflea1425 distrussc1430 riotc1440 detruss1475 sacka1547 havoc1575 sackage1585 pillagea1593 ravage1602 yravish1609 boot-hale1610 booty-hale1610 plunder1632 forage1642 rape1673 prig1819 loot1845 raid1875 1575 G. Fenton Golden Epist. f. 96^v A great Prince..entreth into the Lande of his enemie..to surmount and hauocke his enemie. 1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 38 To havock and turn upside-down whole Kingdoms of men. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 617 See with what heat these Dogs of Hell advance To waste and havoc yonder World. View more context for this quotation 1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket i. i. 34 Those baron-brutes That havock'd all the land in Stephen's day. 2. intransitive. To make havoc, work devastation. ΚΠ 1796 E. Inchbald Nature & Art xli Remorse..havocked on his firm inflexible mind as it would on a weak and pliant brain. Derivatives ˈhavocking n. ΚΠ a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) II. 148 This lords vast havocking of his patrimony. ˈhavocker n. one who havocs or makes havoc. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > devastation or desolation > one who or that which wastera1382 harrowerc1450 harrier1596 desolation1608 ravager1611 dispeopler1616 depopulator1623 desolatora1638 vastator1659 havocker1680 devaster1789 devastator1818 1680 T. Otway Hist. Caius Marius i. 4 This Havocker..That..hunts Our Senate into Holes. 1824 J. Symmons tr. Æschylus Agamemnon 145 The havocker meets havock in his turn. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.1419v.1575
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