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单词 hat
释义

hatn.

Brit. /hat/, U.S. /hæt/
Forms: early Old English haet, early Old English haeth, early Old English het, Old English hætt, Old English–early Middle English hæt, Middle English–1600s hatte, Middle English–1700s hatt, Middle English– hat, 1500s atte, 1500s haitte, 1600s hate, 1800s– 'at (regional and nonstandard), 1900s yat (U.S. regional (southern, in African-American usage)); also Scottish pre-1700 hait, pre-1700 hate.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian (East) hath item of clothing for the head (see note), Old Icelandic hǫttr , (in late sources) hattr hood, cowl, turban, Old Swedish hatter (Swedish hatt ), Old Danish hat (Danish hat ), < a Germanic base apparently closely related to the Germanic base of hood n.1 (with different ablaut grade of the stem vowel), although the details of the relationship are uncertain and disputed. Compare Old Icelandic hetta cowl, Old Danish hettæ hood, cowl (Danish hætte ), both < the same Germanic base as hat n., with different suffix (causing i-mutation).Frisian nouns. Old Frisian hath occurs in an isolated attestation in a late source; it appears to be an original u -stem like Old Icelandic hǫttr (whereas Old English hæt inflects as a regular strong masculine a -stem). North Frisian (Sylt) hat , (Föhr, Amrum) haatj do not show reflexes of the Old Frisian noun, but rather borrowings < Danish hætte . Specific senses. With the extended uses (see branch II., especially sense 6) compare the Old English compound wuduhætt , in an isolated attestation, apparently in the sense ‘treetop’, and also the boundary marker hættes law in a late copy of an Anglo-Saxon charter, which has been interpreted as referring to a hat-shaped hill (compare low n.1):c1200 ( Bounds (Sawyer 1026) in H.P.R. Finberg Early Charters West Midlands (1961) 72 Of mærwylle up æfter ðam heafde be suðan hættes lawe.Earlier topographical use, perhaps with reference to hills, may be implied by place names such as Hatteleia , Cambridgeshire (1164–95; 1086 as Eateleia ; now East Hatley), Hatte , Hampshire (1206, now Hatt), Hattelawa (field name), Cambridgeshire (1235; now lost), Berching Hatt (field name), Derbyshire (1319, now lost), although the identity of the relevant element in these names is not certain; for further discussion see P. H. Reaney Place-names of Cambridgeshire (1943) 55. In sense 7 after classical Latin pīleus pileus n. in its specific scientific Latin use in mycology; compare German Hut hood n.1 (1752 or earlier in this sense). In sense 9 after the corresponding specific use of French chapeau chapeau n. (1807 in the passage translated in quot. 1807, or earlier, in this sense). Specific forms. The U.S. regional form yat shows development of a palatal on-glide (presumably via a pronunciation /hj-/).
I. An item of clothing for the head.
1. An item of clothing designed to be worn on the head, typically to protect the head from cold, the sun, etc., or as a fashion accessory or part of a uniform. Formerly sometimes: spec. a woman's bonnet (as opposed to any other type of headwear).In quot. eOE1 apparently translating Latin mitra mitre n.1 in its classical sense ‘(eastern) headdress’.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat
hateOE
nab-cheat?1536
nab1673
kelp1736
mitre1807
tile1813
gossamer1836
cady1846
roof1857
roofer1859
pancake1875
lid1896
nudger1902
tit for tat1925
titfer1927
sky1944
society > faith > artefacts > vestments > headgear > [noun] > hat
hatc1390
eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 78/2 Mitra, haet.
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. x. 107 Þa eode þær mid Terrentius, se mæra Cartaina scop, & bær hæt on his heafde.
OE Ælfric Gloss. (St. John's Oxf.) 303 Capitium, hæt.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vi. l. 11 (MED) An hundred of ampolles on his hat seeten.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5314 On his heued a hatt he bar.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 472 Vp on an Amblere esily she sat Ywympled wel, and on hir heed an hat As brood as is a Bokeler or a Targe.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) vi. 77 The hatte or [read of] steel or yron is gyuen to the knyght to sygnefye shamefastnes.
a1505 R. Henryson Garmont Gud Ladeis l. 25 in Poems (1981) 163 Hir hat suld be of fair having..Hir patelet of gud pansing.
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 81 He was commandyd to put of hys atte.
1622 (?a1513) W. Dunbar Poems (Reidpeth) (1998) I. 65 Madinis..With quhyt hattis all browderit rycht bravelie.
1694 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 469 Dr. Henry Aldrich..spoke against hatts turned up on one side.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvi. iv. 34 The young Lady had on her Hatand Capuchin. View more context for this quotation
1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen 14 I never admired a round hat, but with a large wig, it is insupportable.
1814 Royal Mil. Panorama June 257 Officers wearing hats, are not on any occasion to take them off in saluting.
1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. vii. 158 ‘I want to finish trimming my hat’ (bonnet she meant).
1864 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 10 June By the way, they call a lady's dress here [i.e. in New York] a ‘robe’, and a bonnet a ‘hat’.
1936 V. Bell Sel. Lett. (1993) 410 Angelica wore a hat which she said (and I believe it!) had caused a sensation in Paris.
1981 A. Perry Resurrection Row i. 8 He jammed his hat on harder as a gust of wind rattled a monumental laurel by the door.
2004 Calgary's Child Jan. 50 Use your head..and cover it up. If the wind is up or the sun is down, wear a hat, not just a headband.
2. With preceding modifying word.
a. With a noun or adjective specifying the material, shape, or type of hat, or the activity, occasion, etc., for which it is worn.baseball hat, beaver hat, opera hat, safari hat, silk hat, etc.: see the first element. See also hard hat n., iron hat n., Panama hat n., straw hat n. 1a, top hat n. 1, etc.
ΚΠ
OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 57 Galerus uel pilleus, fellen hæt.
?a1300 Iacob & Iosep (Bodl.) (1916) l. 517 (MED) He toc his benetene [perhaps read beuerene] hat, wiþ pal þat was biweued.
c1450 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 202 (MED) I-closid we haue oure welevette hatte, That keueryd vs from mony stormys brown.
a1500 (a1400) Ipomedon (Chetham) (1889) l. 4522 (MED) Sygamus..strykes Ipomadon Vppon the stelyne hatte.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Biv Wyth mytred hattes, wyth oynted bushe and beard.
1637 T. Heywood tr. Ovid in Pleasant Dialogues & Dramma's 170 My plumed hat And fether'd sandals, by the which I am knowne.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. xxxiii Military-Guards of the Port, with high-crown'd Hats.
1730 E. Thomas Metamorphosis of Town 21 Straw, lin'd with Green, their May-day Hats.
1797 J. Woodforde Diary 18 Apr. (1931) v. 27 Mrs. C. very tasty in a pretty Garter blue Sattin Hat.
1839 W. H. Ainsworth Jack Sheppard I. i. i. 1 He wore a three-cornered hat, a sandy-coloured scratch wig.
1886 M. E. Kennard Girl in Brown Habit (1888) viii. 67 Sooner or later, hunting hats all meet with the same fate.
1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent i. 4 The men with collars turned up and soft hats rammed down.
1969 A. Cordell Song of Earth (1972) vii. 56 Miss Bronwen Rees was coming in..with a summer hat about four feet diameter on her head.
2006 Independent 14 Oct. 43/2 No one looks good to my eye in a woolly hiking hat.
b. Preceded by the name of a person: designating a hat of a type often worn by, or associated with, a particular person; spec. designating a hat similar to those frequently depicted in the specified artist's works.Recorded earliest in Rubens hat n. at Rubens n. Compounds 2.Albert hat, Anthony Eden hat, Garbo hat, Gainsborough hat, etc.: see the first element. See also Pamela hat n.
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1804 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 3 Nov. The Rubens hats are still worn, with cestus to correspond.
1890 E. Carmichael tr. B. M. Bjørnson In God's Way iii. i. 127 A tall man in light clothes and with a Stanley hat on.
1893 G. Hill Hist. Eng. Dress II. 254 Anglesea hat with the bell-shaped crown. D'Orsay hat with ribbed silk binding and a large bow to the band.
1913 Illustr. Milliner Aug. 28/1 The modern versions of the Rembrandt hat are slightly smaller than the originals, but fully as dashing in outline.
1985 Weekly World News 29 Jan. He'd be decked out in a pair of bright-red long johns with a Napoleon hat perched on his head.
2005 Y. Trofimov Faith at War (2006) xiii. 266 The imam, taken aback, looked at her Charlie Chaplin hat, trying to decide whether she could be Muslim.
3.
a. A hat or other headdress worn as a symbol of office or rank. With distinguishing word or phrase indicating the position or office. Also (now only) in extended use: an official role or position (sometimes esp. one associated with a particular type of hat); (more generally) any role or position.Recorded earliest in hat of estate n. at Phrases 2.For the extended use see also wearing one's —— hat at Phrases 20a, to wear two hats at Phrases 20b.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > other
cap (also hat) of maintenancec1475
hat1483
wishing-hat1600
cockle hat1603
porringer1623
poke1632
custard-cap1649
bonnet1675
muff-box1678
Caroline1687
Quaker1778
meat safe1782
balloon hat1784
gypsy hat1785
cabriolet1797
gypsy bonnet1803
Gypsy1806
Wellington hat1809
fan-tail-hat1810
umbrella hat1817
radical1828
caubeen1831
topi1835
montera1838
Petersham1845
squash hat1860
Moab1864
kiddy1865
flap-hat1866
Dolly Varden1872
brush-hata1877
potae1881
Pope's-hat1886
plateau1890
kelly1915
push-back1920
kiss-me-quick hat1963
pakul1982
tinfoil hat1982
society > occupation and work > position or job > [noun]
steadc1000
noteOE
officec1300
ministry?a1475
rooma1485
placea1500
roomth1544
place1558
post1562
berth1720
situation1766
job1781
sit1853
spot1859
billet1870
engagement1884
shop1885
gig1908
lurk1916
possie1916
number1928
site1930
sits vac1945
hat1966
1483 Wardrobe Acct. in Grose's Antiquarian Repertory (1807) I. 45 ij..hatts of astate with rounde rolles behinde and sharp beks before, covered in crymysyn cloth of gold.
1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. xxxiii. 63/2 The gouernment of this Citie is committed yeerly to a Maior, two Sheriffes, twelue Aldermen in scarlet, a Sword, a Hat of Estate.., and foure Sergeants with Maces.
1815 C. Campbell Traveller's Compl. Guide through Belgium, Holland & Germany iv. 175 John William is represented on horseback, the electoral hat on his head.
1884 G. B. Malleson Battle-fields Germany viii. 229 The Emperor Sigismund bestowed upon him..the electoral hat of Brandenburg.
1957 W. R. Matthews & W. M. Atkins Hist. St. Paul's Cathedral ii. 115 In 1521 he went to Rome in order to win the papal hat for Wolsey.
1966 L. Pitt Decline of Californios viii. 134 He..acquired the hat of chairman of the Democratic County Committee.
2012 E. J. Grant Toothwright's Tale vii. 161 The second ‘hat’ of Head of Training at the Institute was handed to an officer of the Instructor Branch.
b. spec. A cardinal's hat, as a symbol of office. Also (now chiefly) in extended use: the office or position of a cardinal.Recorded earliest in red hat n. 1a. See also cardinal's hat n. at cardinal n. Compounds 2a.
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society > faith > artefacts > vestments > headgear > [noun] > hat > cardinal's
hata1529
capa1616
red hat1819
cardinal's hat1832
a1529 J. Skelton Why come ye nat to Courte (?1545) sig. Aviiv Whyles the red hat doth endure He m[a]keth him selfe cock sure.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lviiv He [sc. Wolsey] receaued the habite, hat and piller, and other vaynglorious tryfles, apperteygnyng to the ordre of a Cardinall.
1599 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum (1632) 150 Who..with dispensation from the Pope would resigne uppe their Hattes.
1653 H. Cogan tr. N. N. Scarlet Gown 13 [Caraffa] was the next that he gave the Hat unto, being at that time in his bishoprick of Tricaria.
1690 London Gaz. No. 2540/1 The Pope, in a publick Consistory, gave the Hats to nine of the new Cardinals.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Arms of Patronage The cardinals on the top of their arms bear those of the pope, who gave 'em the hat.
1753 Scots Mag. Jan. 13/2 There are..fifteen hats vacant in the sacred college.
1817 Times 27 Aug. 2/1 The King received..M. Brancadoro, Ablegate, charged by the Pope to bring the hat to the Cardinal Perigord.
1850 Ld. Houghton Let. 20 July in T. W. Reid Life Ld. Houghton (1890) I. x. 445 Wiseman proceeds to Rome to get his hat.
1910 Encycl. Brit. V. 322/2 The Sacred College never reaches its full number, and there are always ten or so ‘vacant hats’.
1947 P. Hughes Hist. Church III. v. 405 In the first great creation of cardinals, Alexander gave hats to the nominees of almost all the princes of Europe.
2009 H. de Cavilla tr. P. Berglar T. More xii.195 The King had promised several times to send the bishop's head to Rome to receive the hat.
4. A greeting or sign of respect made by a man in raising, removing, or touching his hat. Frequently in to give (a person) one's hat. Obsolete.Cf. Phrases 3, hat in hand at Phrases 4.
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1659 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 299 The common civility of a hat.
1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 291 I..gave you my Hat as I pass'd you.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 106 The Governour..gave them his Hat and Leg at their going into their Boats.
5. Felt designed to be used for making hats. Obsolete.In quots. 1789, c1810 this fabric used as wadding to keep the powder and shot in position when loading a gun.
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1764 in J. Oldham Mansfield MSS (1992) I. vii. 505 [We] shipped water & rotted package & cotton hat.
1789 tr. G. F. Magné De Marolles Ess. Shooting vi. 81 In the first set of experiments, the wadding consisted of card-paper, and in the second of hat [Fr. chapeau], both cut to fit the caliber.
c1810 A. Mackintosh Driffield Angler 223 A cork wadding.., if adapted to the calibre of the piece, produces greater effect than either hat or card-paper.
II. Extended uses.
6. A clump of trees on the top of a hill. Now rare (English regional (southern) and Newfoundland in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > clump or cluster
hata1425
tuftc1450
plumpa1470
clumpa1586
turb1618
hummock1636
toll1644
bush1856
a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) iv. 29 Þei [sc. roes] haunteth in stronge hattes of wode, or in stronge hethes.
1831 W. L. Bowles Life T. Ken II. viii. 109 A small round clump of trees on summits, called by the people of the country appropriately a ‘hat of trees’.
1894 Trans. Amer. Folk-lore Soc. in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1902) III. 80/2 A hat of trees.
1895 R. C. de Crespigny & H. Hutchinson New Forest 113 The term ‘hat’ is still in use for a little wood crowning a hill.
1936 C. R. Acton Sport & Sportsmen of New Forest ii. 43 A clump of trees is known as a ‘Hat’; two examples being ‘Crab Hat’ and ‘King's Hat’.
1937 P. K. Devine Folklore of Newfoundland 26 Hat, a low growth of trees on the top of a small hill.
7. The broad or expanded upper part of a fungal fruiting body; the pileus. Cf. cap n.1 10a. Now rare.
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the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of
pileus1760
hat1775
rind1788
spherule1796
Rhizomorpha1802
stipe1821
peridium1823
umbo1836
ambrosia1840
holdfast1841
rhizomorph1848
peridiole1857
trama1857
pileole1858
pileolus1858
byssus1866
rhabdus1866
conidiophore1874
appressorium1897
1775 H. Rose in tr. C. Linnaeus Elements Bot. viii. 328 In funguses, the hat (pileus) is the round horizontal top, which bears the fructification underneath.
1797 M. E. Jackson Bot. Dialogues ii. iv. 273 Viscous juice on the hat and stipe..is seen in many agarics.
1817 J. Mean Abercrombie's Pract. Gardener (ed. 2) 670/1 A white membrane..extends from the edge of the hat to the top of the pillar.
1887 Lancet 11 June 1215/2 Different parts of the mushroom contain more or less albumen, the ‘hat’..having twice as much as the stem.
1929 H. G. Wells et al. Sci. of Life I. ii. vi. 181/1 In the common toadstools and puffballs and mushrooms, for example, the umbrella or globe or hat with which we are familiar is not the whole plant any more than an apple or a blackberry is a whole plant.
2009 J. Rehacek Long Escape xvii. 197 The panther mushroom had a white foot with a brown-tinted hat sprinkled with white flakes.
8. Cookery. A creamy layer which forms on the top of buttermilk when it is mixed with new milk or cream to make a sweet dish known as hatted kit (hatted kit n. (b) at hatted adj. Compounds). Now rare.
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > milk and cream dishes > [noun] > hatted kit
hatted kit1572
hata1803
a1803 J. Walker Ess. Nat. Hist. & Rural Econ. (1812) xiv. 579 Hatted kit..is formed by mixing the butter milk with sweet milk or cream. This mixture is allowed to stand.., and a hat or crust is formed at top, which is taken off.
1825 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. iii. vii. 991 Hatted kitt, a gallon of sour butter-milk is put in the bottom of the milk pail, and a quart or more of milk drawn from the cow into it... The new warm milk..rises to the top and forms a creamy scum or hat over the other, whence the name.
1952 F. White Good Eng. Food iv. ii. 180 Hatted Kit...fresh good butter-milk, and a pint of milk hot from the cow. Mix well by jumbling... It will now firm, and gather a hat.
9. A covering of crushed tan bark which is spread over the layers of hides and bark in a tan pit. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1807 tr. J.-A.-C. Chaptal Chem. Arts & Manufactures IV. xx. 338 The pit is completely filled, after which the whole is covered with half a foot of tan... This last stratum is termed by the workmen the hat.
1852 C. Morfit Arts of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing xiv. 208 When the skins have all been imbedded in the tan, they are to be covered with a six inch stratum of bark, technically termed the hat.
10. A small compartment protruding from a container or chamber used in an industrial process, typically designed to receive impurities, gases, or some other by-product of that process. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1072/2 Hat..,3. (Metallurgy) A depression in the tunnel-head of a smelting-furnace to detain the gases.
1882 Spons' Encycl. Industr. Arts V. 1775 The copper, provided with a ‘hat’..to receive impurities that subside.

Phrases

P1. In phrases strengthening an assertion or expressing certainty, as †by this hat (obsolete), †my hat to a halfpenny (obsolete), etc. Now only in I'll bet my hat and variants.
ΚΠ
c1430 (c1380) G. Chaucer Parl. Fowls (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1871) l. 589 Wel bordit quod the doke by myn hat.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1900 (MED) By þe ball, sir, I breue all þe brode werd..And be þe hat..I constru þat ilka kyng sall clyne to my-selfe.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 556 My hat to a halfe-pennie, Pompey prooues the best Worthie. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. i. 155 By this hat, then he in the red face had it. View more context for this quotation
1726 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (ed. 2) II. xlviii. 109 I'll bet my best hat to a half-penny, they'll be able to know black from white.
1830 T. Hook Maxwell I. xi. 311I'll bet a hat,’ said his friend, ‘that that man never can be pleasant.’
1880 Chamber's Jrnl. Feb. 133/2 You can bet your hat on him being a thorough-bred un directly as you set eyes on him.
1926 People's Home Jrnl. Feb. 49/2 He seized Dick's hand and wrung it fervently. ‘Will I do it! You bet your hat I will!’
1960 Lowell (Mass.) Sunday Sun 28 Aug. 28/6 You could bet your hat that the one-man team from Haiti is..eager to do his damndest for his country.
2015 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman (Nexis) 11 Mar. (Metro section) b1 I don't expect that'll be happening any time soon. I'll bet a hat on it.
P2.
hat of estate n. now historical and rare a hat worn by an official or dignitary as a symbol of office or rank, esp. on ceremonial occasions; cf. sense 3 and hat of maintenance at maintenance n. 6a.
ΚΠ
1483 Wardrobe Acct. in Grose's Antiquarian Repertory (1807) I. 45 ij..hatts of astate with rounde rolles behinde and sharp beks before, covered in crymysyn cloth of gold.
1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. xxxiii. 63/2 The gouernment of this Citie is committed yeerly to a Maior, two Sheriffes, twelue Aldermen in scarlet, a Sword, a Hat of Estate.., and foure Sergeants with Maces.
1846 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I. 437/2 Hats-of-estate, caps of dignity, used at coronations, and in processions.
1866 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 174 The hat of estate encircled with a golden coronet was used at the creation of dignities of inferior rank to a Duke.
1914 H. A. Lee-Dillon & W. H. St. J. Hope Pageant Birth Life & Death R. Beauchamp 53/1 The president is seated..on a canopied seat set upon three steps, and wears a hat of estate and a long gown with loose sleeves.
1958 W. T. MacCaffrey Exeter 1540–1640 ii. 43 The mayor was the executor of the royal will.., which he proclaimed publicly with all his panoply of sword and hat of estate, sergeants, and maces.
P3.
a. to take off one's hat: to raise or remove one's hat as a greeting or sign of respect. Later also figurative: to show admiration, respect, or deference. Frequently with to.In quot. 1856 with punning allusion to the early Quakers' refusal to remove their hats as a sign of deference; cf. hat honour n. at Compounds 5.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)]
followOE
honourc1275
regard1526
to take off one's hat1571
respect1576
to see unto ——1579
suspect1590
honestate1623
defer1686
consider1692
to look up to1719
to have no (a lot of, etc.) time for1938
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > respect or show respect [verb (intransitive)] > bare head
to take off one's hat1571
move1573
unhat1611
bonneta1616
off-capa1616
uncover1627
doff1674
to touch one's hat1738
unbonnet1821
1571 T. Fortescue tr. P. Mexia Foreste viii. f. 17v Wee accompte it courtesie, to take of the Cappe, or Hatte [Fr. leuer le bonnet], in salutinge an other.
1604 W. Bishop Reformation Catholike Deformed ii. 53 That worship which wee allow vnto Images, which, for the Saints sake whom it doeth represent, we doe..take off our hat, or bow our knee vnto it.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xx. 176 They stood not up, nor answered me a word, nor so much as tooke off their hats to me.
a1720 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers (1728) iii. 82 They were fined for not taking off their Hats before Magistrates.
1779 J. Boswell Jrnl. 8 July in Edinb. Jrnls. 1767–86 (2001) xi. 342 Took off our hats to one another and bowed very often.
1846 Patriot 6 Aug. 535/1 England had acted nobly in the emancipation of her slaves, and..he felt that he could take off his hat to her on that account.
1856 Punch 5 Jan. 3/2 Quaker, a Friend who..in the art of making inflammatory speeches, takes his hat off to no man.
1910 U.S. Tobacco Jrnl. 26 Mar. 16/2 We take our hats off to the United Store at Seventeenth and Curtis for one thing—their attractive windows.
1977 J. Johnston Shadows on our Skin 26 There's not a bloody sod in this city would take off his hat to me in the street.
2010 P. Daniels Class Actor xxv. 163 I think it takes a special kind of character to be a youth leader—so Ug and Jay..I take my hat off to you.
b. In various phrases relating to the custom of raising, removing, or touching one's hat as a sign of greeting or respect, esp. to raise (also doff, tip, etc.) one's hat.See also a tip of the hat at tip n.5 Additions, hat tip n.2
ΚΠ
a1631 J. Donne Poems (1633) 326 That when thou meet'st one..Dost search, and, like a needy broker prize The silke, and gold he weares, and to that rate So high or low, dost raise thy formall hate.
1688 B. Willy in J. Barker Poet. Recreations ii. 55 We'll doff their Heads, if they won't doff their Hats.
1759 E. Fage Regular Form Discipline for Militia 11 He Faces square.., then pulls off his Hat.
1769 T. Nugent tr. P. J. Grosley New Observ. Italy II. 114 My gentleman immediately doffs his hat.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair li. 450 To compliment Mrs. Crawley..with a profound salute of the hat.
1886 J. H. Ewing Mary's Meadow i. 12 The Scotch Gardener touched his hat to me.
1902 Public 19 July 234/3 He tipped his hat politely, and, wishing her a good evening, started away.
1983 Princeton Alumni Weekly 4 May 34/2 Lourie smiles at the crowds and occasionally doffs his hat.
2015 Daily Echo (Nexis) 25 June He noticed me, raised his hat, and said ‘Good-bye’.
c. hats off: used as a command to indicate that people should remove their hats as a sign of respect, esp. towards a person of higher social standing. In later use chiefly figurative, used to express admiration for a person, organization, etc., esp. with regard to a particular achievement. Frequently with to.
ΚΠ
1645 J. Bulteel Relation Troubles Three Forraign Churches Kent 25 There was a cry in the Hall, Hats off and lights, for my Lords grace is at hand.
1736 Connoisseur Epil. Silence—sit down, Sirs,—Hats off, that will do, I know, you love a Joke, if it be new.
1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic ii. i. 51 There will be a cry of down!—down!—hats off! silence!—Then up curtain,—and let us see what our painters have done for us.
1839 Dearborn County Democract 5 Dec. 2/5 The Indiana Journal exclaim—‘Hats off to Michigan.’
1863 A. J. Munby Diary 7 Mar. in D. Hudson Munby (1972) 151 The populace..caught fire all at once. ‘Hats off!’ shouted the men: ‘Here she is!’ cried the women.
1938 ‘Dr. Seuss’ 500 Hats Bartholomew CubbinsHats off to the King!’ shouted the Captain of the King's Own Guards.
1984 H. Halkin tr. A. B. Yehoshua Late Divorce 41 Hats off to her I never would have thought that she knew what average output meant.
2001 Times 7 Mar. i. 34/7 Hats off to Tesco, however, for winning ‘retailer of the year’.
P4. hat in hand (also with hat in hand). [Compare to come with cap in hand at cap n.1 4h, cap-in-hand at cap n.1 4h.]
a.
(a) Holding one's hat in one's hand as a sign of respect or deference.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [adverb]
abjectlya1500
servilely1550
bondly1553
slavishly1565
fawningly1591
demissly1598
with hat in hand1599
assentatorilya1626
hat in hand1629
cringingly1675
obsequiously1736
trucklingly1831
crawlingly1865
snivellingly1959
1599 L. A. tr. M. Martínez Eighth Bk. Myrror of Knighthood xxix. sig. Mm2v With my hatte in hand [Sp. con el sombrero en la mano] (as a seruant ought) I stood still.
1629 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime iii. 16 The Students first go out one by one, each making his reuerance hat in hand to the Rector.
1675 Mock Songs & Joking Poems 61 Before they'd touch the Cup, With Hat in hand would blessing crave.
1707 tr. De Lamont in Art of War ii. ii. 71 He must..never talk to his Superiors but with Hat in Hand.
1796 J. Owen Trav. Europe II. clxxxi. 489 Assuring him, that in England these things were indifferent, [I] finished my treaty hat in hand.
1842 F. Marryat Percival Keene I. xiii. 155 On one side of the table stood a lieutenant, hat in hand; on the other, the captain's clerk.
1853 W. Robson tr. A. Dumas Three Musketeers v. 30 The latter..saluted his adversary with hat in hand.
1937 R. Wright Ethics of Living Jim Crow in Amer. Stuff (Federal Writers' Project) 51 When I went to the library, I would stand at the desk, hat in hand, looking as unbookish as possible.
1987 R. Cwiklik A. Einstein viii. 99 A young man dressed in a handsome topcoat..walked into the outer office, hat in hand.
1992 C. McCarthy All Pretty Horses (1993) iv. 301 He stood hat in hand over the unmarked earth.
(b) With a hat held out to passers-by, an audience, etc., in order to collect money. Cf. to pass round the hat at Phrases 11.
ΚΠ
1852 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 83/2 The man put his violin under his arm, and with hat in hand made the tour of his audience.
1943 B. Smith Tree grows in Brooklyn xiii. 102 The drummer went around hat in hand ungraciously accepting the pennies doled out to him.
2001 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 73 576 Friends and family would raise money for burying the recently deceased by walking down the street with hat in hand and corpse in tow.
b. figurative with reference to seeking a favour or (esp. financial) assistance from someone in a deferential or submissive way. Chiefly in to go (also come) hat in hand to; cf. to come with cap in hand at cap n.1 4h.
ΚΠ
1821 Weekly Entertainer 11 June 331/1 The day may soon come, when to thee I shall go hat in hand, to beg a boon.
1864 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 299/1 Others..had come to me with hat in hand.., to beg my permission to allow them to dramatize my novel.
1915 Sat. Evening Post 6 Feb. 17/3 Their implication that he had made a stupid blunder and their advice that he go, hat in hand, to men he hated, had irritated him.
1965 Life 17 Sept. 97/2 Afro-Asian leaders and international bankers line up, hat in hand, to ask for grants and loans.
2013 J. Spencer-Fleming Through Evil Days 156 Lyle..already had a bad taste in his mouth after having to go hat in hand to the state police for help.
c. to be hat in hand to: to adopt an excessively deferential attitude towards. Hence (now only) hat-in-hand adj.: excessively deferential; servile. Cf. cap-in-hand at cap n.1 4h.
ΚΠ
1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists ii. 62 John Dennis, was hat in hand to Mr. Congreve.
1869 Edinb. Evening Courant 26 July 7/3 The hat in hand beggar of a vote.
1907 M. E. Mann Sheep & Goats v. 51 He had been hat in hand to these people all his life, getting no farther than their door-mats in intimacy.
1918 Public 7 Sept. 1138/2 There must be no cringing, no fawning, no hat-in-hand attitude.
1995 R. H. Zieger CIO 1935–55 iv. 80 Groups of disaffected government employees.., impatient with the hat-in-hand approach of their AFL unions.
P5. In various phrases referring to the practice of placing names, tickets, etc., into a hat in order to make a (random) selection.
a. to draw (also pick) (a person or thing) out of the hat and variants: to choose (a person or thing) by drawing lots from a hat or other container. Later also in extended use: to choose at random. Also without draw or pick, esp. in first out of the hat.
ΚΠ
1606 A. Craig Amorose Songes sig. Gviiiv Last yeare I drew (faire Dame) by very chance,Thy Noble name amongst a number moe... Then from a Hat I drew thee err I saw thee,Now from my hart it is my doome to draw thee.
1745 Ann. Europe 1743 ii. i. 286 Amongst 30 Balls there were 6 Black. These they drew out of a Hat.
1797 Trial R. Dry 27 Was it on Tuesday evening Dry drew the names of the Members out of the hat?
1835 Morning Chron. 24 Sept. At the last farcical election Mr. Robert Deane..was drawn out of the hat, and declared mayor.
1897 Guardian 13 Oct. 1632/1 The questions were arranged by the chairman under certain definite heads..and then as far as possible they were picked out of a hat and answered by the various people on the spot.
1966 H. Waugh Pure Poison (1967) xv. 93 He picked Roger out of a hat as a victim?
1996 Independent 1 Jan. 13/4 This week I won a £300 video recorder in a post office draw... My entry was simply the first out of the hat.
2015 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 5 Jan. (Sport section) Being drawn out of the hat next to the mighty Manchester United has meant a £500,000 windfall for the small League One club.
b. to put one's name into the hat and variants: to place one's name into a hat or other container for selection by drawing lots. Later frequently in extended use: to put oneself forward for a particular job, task, etc. Also similarly to be put into the hat, to go into the hat, etc.
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1658 J. Davies tr. H. D'Urfé Astrea III. 283 Then..put all your three names into a hat, and that person whom Phillis shall draw, is the name of that person whom the gods have decreed to be the speaker for you all.
1711 J. Swift in Examiner 1 No. 27 The Disposers had flung their Names, like Valentines into a Hat, to be drawn, as Fortune pleas'd.
1778 Remembrancer 6 269/1 Each name on a small scroll of paper..shall be folded up and put into a hat and shaken together, and the Clerk..shall draw out the number of names to be draughted.
1846 W. Barrow tr. A. Dumas Twenty Years After II. xxviii. 270 It is of little consequence to me whom I fight. Put your names into a hat, and I will draw one out at hazard.
1929 Evening News 18 Nov. 13/2 Dagenham..will be amongst the distinguished clubs to go into the hat.
1996 Mail on Sunday 28 Apr. 20/4 I believe there are a couple of people waiting in the wings to put their names into the hat.
P6. (as) black as one's (also a) hat: of a deep black colour; completely black.With reference to the usual colour of formal hats (e.g. top hats, bowler hats, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > [adjective] > typically black > as other typical substances
as black as one's hat1636
pit-black1871
Bible-blacka1953
1636 H. Burton Divine Trag. 45 The Physicians never seeing the like before, his flesh and kidnies were as black as an hat.
1683 True Relation Many Sad & Lamentable Accidents 3 He lay in the street for dead, all over him being as black as a hat.
1710 Brit. Apollo 1–3 Nov. Three Stumps in her Head..as Black as my Hat.
1799 London Chron. 4 Apr. 324/3 His face was as black as a hat, and his mouth full of blood.
1843 New Monthly Mag. Jan. 2 Smoked with a taper, till black as a hat.
1876 Chatterbox 51/1 She was a queer little creature, like a gipsy, with..eyes as black as my hat.
1911 Med. Times (N.Y.) Nov. 323/2 The next morning the skin of the whole thigh..was as black as my hat.
1987 E. Newby Round Ireland in Low Gear (1988) ii. 25 Outside it was still as black as your hat with a howling wind and torrential rain.
2002 Western Daily Press (Nexis) 27 Aug. (Features section) 30 The seeds looked lovely at harvest—black as a hat, every last grain.
P7. to throw up one's hat and variants: to throw one's hat in the air as a gesture of celebration; now chiefly figurative.
ΚΠ
1677 J. Shirley Life Sir W. Raleigh 43 It was resolv'd to fight them. At which News the Earl threw up his Hat for joy.
1684 tr. A. O. Exquemelin Bucaniers Amer. iii. v. 46 They began to shew Signs of extream Joy, casting up their Hats into the Air, leaping for Mirth, and shouting.
1779 T. Phillips Hist. & Antiq. Shrewsbury x. 193 The bells rang for the lady Elizabeth's accession... The young man..threw up his hat.
1830 ‘Common Sense’ Affairs of Nation iii. 75 Though the crowd at a public meeting..halloo and toss up their hats in favour of them, that does not add much to their real worth.
1897 T. M. Healy in Daily News 22 Jan. 3/3 The Irish farmer would throw up his hat on learning that hostilities had broken out.
1919 E. E. Cummings Let. 7 Nov. (1969) 62 All N.Y.'s radicals are throwing up their hats in celebration of the anniversary of Sovietism.
2000 Sunday Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 27 Feb. (Features section) 99 These guys are already ready to throw their hats up in the air and scream ‘Let's party’.
P8. under one (also the same) hat: (with reference to differing personality traits, talents, etc.) coexisting in the same person. Also (later chiefly) in extended use: under the control or management of a single organization.
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1705 E. H. Suspiria Divina 62 An Hypocrite is like Janus, he carries two Faces under one Hat or Hood.
1768 Fund. Rights & Privileges Licensed Lutheran Church 9 Two or three hundred members of one congregation can not so easily be brought under one hat.
1837 Numismatic Jrnl. 1 162 A man can place both the publican and the sinner under one hat.
1869 S. R. Hole Bk. Roses viii. 111 I never remember to have seen a scientific botanist and a successful practical florist under the same hat.
1936 ‘D. Fortune’ Goat-foot God xv. 171 It's a psycho-pathology all right; it's a dual personality all right—two men under one hat.
1979 J. W. Moore in A. Dickinson & R. A. Boakes Mechanisms Learning & Motivation v. 111 The way to bring about a rapprochement between sophisticated behavioral theorizing and up-to-date neurophysiology was to get the two disciplines ‘under the same hat’.
2011 Irish Times (Nexis) 21 Apr. 10 You bring together the work of development, defence and diplomacy in the foreign office under one hat.
P9. there were hats to be disposed of and variants: lives were lost. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1758 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 13 June in Lett. to Son (1774) II. 414 It is by no means a weak place; and I fear there will be many hats to be disposed of, before it is taken.
1798 W. Dunlap Cow Chace ii, in Andre 78 There was business for the doctor, And hats to be disposed of.
P10. colloquial. I'll eat my hat and variants: (with an accompanying conditional clause) I'll be very surprised (if a particular thing does not happen, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [phrase] > stating one's readiness to take specific action
I'll eat my hat1767
1767 T. Bridges Homer Travestie (ed. 2) II. 237 Though we..fire their rotten boats and all, I'll eat my hat, if Jove don't drop us, Or play some queer rogue's trick to stop us.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xli. 450 If I knew as little of life as that, I'd eat my hat and swallow the buckle.
?1846 J. B. Buckstone Maid with Milking Pail 7 If you are not as astonished as I was, I'll eat old Rowley's hat.
1887 E. E. Money Little Dutch Maiden II. viii. 148 If you don't run up against him next day..you may eat your hat!
1931 A. Christie Sittaford Myst. xiii. 102 If we don't know all there is to be known about everyone living in Sittaford within the next quarter of an hour, I'll eat my hat.
1988 Spin Oct. 94/2 If you can't tell which of those is a better buy, well, you can eat my hat.
2006 Independent on Sunday 12 Nov. (ABC Mag.) 3/4 If he hasn't had a number one by this time next year, I'll eat my hat.
P11. to pass round the hat and variants: to collect money from a group of people for a service provided, a street performance, etc., esp. by passing round a hat; (hence allusively, sometimes depreciative) to solicit donations or financial aid, esp. by making a personal appeal.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > contribution > contribute [verb (intransitive)] > collect contributions
to pass round the hat1787
cap1854
bottlea1930
1787 P. H. Maty tr. J. K. Riesbeck Trav. Germany I. xviii. 218 The steersman goes round with the hat in his hand [Ger. mit offenem Hut] to collect money from the passengers, as a reward for having conducted them safely through such perilous spots.
1798 T. Dutton tr. F. Nicolai Life & Opinions Sebaldus Nothanker I. iii. iv. 311 Saugling..went round with the hat to each of the guests,..raising a contribution for the indigent and unhappy.
1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. v. 137 A little packet, containing not one five pound note, but four... The Mumpsimus men..had ‘sent round the hat’ for him.
1867 J. R. Lowell in N. Amer. Rev. July 259 Lamartine, after passing round the hat in Europe and America..sheds tears of humiliation.
1890 G. M. Fenn Lady Maude's Mania xxx. 331 Allow me to take round the hat for coppers.
1906 N. Harwood Trip around World viii. 133 In Leominster to pass around the hat will disperse a crowd with lightning rapidity.
1953 Times 30 Apr. 8/5 He went round with the hat to get subscriptions for the funeral.
2008 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 30 Apr. (City section) 5 The bank is still standing and, unlike some of its more ambitious competitors, has no need to pass round the hat for emergency funds.
P12. to throw one's hat in(to) the ring and variants: to show willingness to enter into a contest or take up a challenge, esp. in business or politics.Originally in boxing with reference to the custom of throwing a hat into the ring to signal willingness to enter a contest; cf. quot. 1804.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake or set oneself to do [verb (intransitive)] > take up a challenge
to throw one's hat into the ring1822
to call one's (or the) bluff1896
1804 Times 30 Nov. Belcher first threw his hat into the ring, over the heads of the spectators.]
1822 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June p. vi Lord Byron.., who has youth on his side, ought not to throw up his hat in the ring, and challenge us for a bellyful.
1852 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 460/2 We toss our hat into the ring, shake hands all round with all the world, and proceed to work.
1928 Observer 4 Mar. 11/2 Mr. Secretary Hoover has been forced to throw his hat into the ring for the Presidency, but he does not mean to follow it there.
1986 Laurel (Mississippi) Leader-Call 22 Oct. 4/1 Japanese industries have opened many plants in the U.S.., and we are glad Jones County is throwing its hat into the ring to compete for some of them.
2007 K. D. Ackerman Young J. Edgar xxxi. 235 He announced..that he was tossing his hat in the ring as a candidate for president of the United States.
P13.
a. one's home (also family, property, etc.) is under one's hat and variants: one has no dependants, few possessions, etc.
ΚΠ
1834 Mirror Lit., Amusem., & Instr. 20 Sept. 202/1 All my personal property I carry under my hat.
1889 T. A. Trollope What I Remember III. x. 169 The man whose estate lies under his hat need never tremble before the frowns of fortune.
1910 Castings Feb. 154/3 Gus used to say that his entire family was under his hat.
1939 Michigan Technic Mar. 8/3 If he is wise, he will remain a bachelor, for his home is under his hat.
2005 E. R. Burchard & J. L. Carlone Cult Next Door 53 I don't hold onto anything; I travel light and live each moment to the fullest... My home is under my hat.
b. one's hat covers one's family: one has no dependants; one has only oneself to look after. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1843 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross II. 40 Suppose your 'at (hat) covers your family—wish mine did the same;..women are werry weary warmints.
1854 C. Dickens Hard Times ii. i. 141 They would say, ‘While my hat covers my family,’..I have only one to feed.
1891 Horse & Hound 23 May 320/1 Quarters in the George Hotel, with stalls for the hacks and a bed out, that does not make much odds to one whose hat still covers his family.
P14. U.S. colloquial. to have (also carry) a brick in one's hat and variants: to be intoxicated; to be extremely drunk.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (intransitive)] > be drunk
bewetc1400
to be in beer1532
to have one's cap set1546
to have a pot in the pate1655
to be bit by a barn weasel1673
to have been in the sun1770
to have been in the sunshine1818
to have (also get) the sun in one's eyes1841
to have a brick in one's hat1847
stimulate1882
to beer up1892
to be (the) worse for liquor1893
to have a few1903
to have a heat on1912
1847 Indiana State Sentinel (Indianapolis) 14 Oct. 1/3 Who that ever carried ‘a brick in his hat’, don't know what ‘hot coppers’ means?
1873 Ann. Iowa Apr. 418 The Captain..had been to town to attend a military drill, and had got, as was a common saying, ‘a brick in his hat’.
1904 C. Prosch Reminisc. Washington Territory xiv. 58 It is only those who wander about the wharves with large-sized bricks in their hats who step or tumble off into the water.
1939 Groesbeck Jrnl. 8 Sept. The drunkard..goes wabbling home with a brick in his hat.
2012 J. Sharpe Rocky Mountain Ruckus vi. 37 Crazy Charlie, though sipping from a jug, wasn't yet carrying a brick in his hat.
P15.
a. to be in a hat: to be in a difficult situation; to be in trouble. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1882 B. M. Croker Proper Pride III. i. 6 I'm in a most awful hat this time, and no mistake.
1916 Chums 30 Sept. 37/2 I'm in no end of a hat, chauffeur. Can you give me a hand?
b. colloquial. to make a hat of: to make a mess of; to mismanage; to spoil. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > be unskilled in [verb (transitive)] > bungle
botch1530
bungle1530
mumble1588
muddle1605
mash1642
bumble?1719
to fall through ——1726
fuck1776
blunder1805
to make a mull of1821
bitch1823
mess1823
to make a mess of1834
smudge1864
to muck up1875
boss1887
to make balls of1889
duff1890
foozle1892
bollocks1901
fluff1902
to make a muck of1903
bobble1908
to ball up1911
jazz1914
boob1915
to make a hash of1920
muff1922
flub1924
to make a hat of1925
to ass up1932
louse1934
screw1938
blow1943
to foul up1943
eff1945
balls1947
to make a hames of1947
to arse up1951
to fuck up1967
dork1969
sheg1981
bodge1984
1925 J. Buchan John Macnab xv. 312 Palliser-Yeates lost at Glenraden..and now I've made a regular hat of things at Haripol.
1939 ‘A. Bridge’ Four-part Setting 155 One couldn't just sit by and watch a person..make a complete hat of her life and herself and her character.
P16. under one's hat: concealed, undisclosed, kept to oneself. Now chiefly in to keep (something) under one's hat: to keep something secret.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adverb] > in confidence
under the rose1546
under (the) thumb1577
sub sigillo1623
sub rosa1654
between you and me and the bed-post1830
between (or betwixt) you (and) me and the gatepost1871
under one's hat1885
between you and me and the lamp-post1919
off the record1920
cagily1926
1885 C. M. Yonge Nuttie's Father I. xviii. 194 Nuttie..was taking in all these revelations with an open-eyed, silent horror... It was all under her hat, however, and the elder ladies never thought of her.
1904 ‘O. Henry’ Cabbages & Kings vi. 117 The governor man had a bit of English under his hat, and when the music was choked off he says: ‘Ver-r-ree fine.’
1923 P. G. Wodehouse Inimitable Jeeves xvii. 249 She kept it under her hat. She meant to spring it on me later, she said.
1938 E. Waugh Scoop ii. xii. 138 Now he had something under his hat; a tip-off straight from headquarters.
2006 Creativity (Nexis) 1 Oct. 43 That's all a big secret, so keep it under your hat.
P17. to talk through one's hat and variants: to speak without knowledge or understanding of a subject; to talk nonsense; to make foolish remarks. Also (rarely) in the related noun phrase talk through a hat: nonsense, foolish talk.
ΚΠ
1888 N.Y. World 13 May 12/3 Dis is only a bluff dey're makin'—see! Dey're talkin' tru deir hats.
1902 W. N. Harben Abner Daniel 81 All this talk about the devil makin' the bad an' the Lord the good is talk through a hat.
1933 D. Thomas Let. 25 Dec. (1987) 79 Is this all clear, or am I talking through my new black hat?
1956 ‘A. Gilbert’ And Death came Too xiv. 152 ‘You,’ suggested Frank, politely, ‘are talking through your hat.’
2014 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 8 Oct. 27 The all-party, all-male pro-life group at Stormont is talking through its hat when it claims to speak for the majority.
P18. my hat!: used as an exclamation expressing surprise or disbelief.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > exclamation of surprise [interjection]
whatOE
well, wellOE
avoyc1300
ouc1300
ay1340
lorda1393
ahaa1400
hillaa1400
whannowc1450
wow1513
why?1520
heydaya1529
ah1538
ah me!a1547
fore me!a1547
o me!a1547
what the (also a) goodyear1570
precious coals1576
Lord have mercy (on us)1581
good heavens1588
whau1589
coads1590
ay me!1591
my stars!a1593
Gods me1595
law1598
Godso1600
to go out1600
coads-nigs1608
for mercy!a1616
good stars!1615
mercy on us (also me, etc.)!a1616
gramercy1617
goodness1623
what next?1662
mon Dieu1665
heugh1668
criminy1681
Lawd1696
the dickens1697
(God, etc.) bless my heart1704
alackaday1705
(for) mercy's sake!1707
my1707
deuce1710
gracious1712
goodly and gracious1713
my word1722
my stars and garters!1758
lawka1774
losha1779
Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.)1784
great guns!1795
mein Gott1795
Dear me!1805
fancy1813
well, I'm sure!1815
massy1817
Dear, dear!1818
to get off1818
laws1824
Mamma mia1824
by crikey1826
wisha1826
alleleu1829
crackey1830
Madonna mia1830
indeed1834
to go on1835
snakes1839
Jerusalem1840
sapristi1840
oh my days1841
tear and ages1841
what (why, etc.) in time?1844
sakes alive!1846
gee willikers1847
to get away1847
well, to be sure!1847
gee1851
Great Scott1852
holy mackerel!1855
doggone1857
lawsy1868
my wig(s)!1871
gee whiz1872
crimes1874
yoicks1881
Christmas1882
hully gee1895
'ullo1895
my hat!1899
good (also great) grief!1900
strike me pink!1902
oo-er1909
what do you know?1909
cripes1910
coo1911
zowiec1913
can you tie that?1918
hot diggety1924
yeow1924
ziggety1924
stone (or stiffen) the crows1930
hullo1931
tiens1932
whammo1932
po po po1936
how about that?1939
hallo1942
brother1945
tie that!1948
surprise1953
wowee1963
yikes1971
never1974
to sod off1976
whee1978
mercy1986
yipes1989
1899 R. Kipling Stalky & Co. in McClure's Mag. Apr. 570/2My Hat!’ said Beetle. ‘That's pretty average heroic.’
1914 C. Mackenzie Sinister St. II. iii. viii. 661My hat, what a frowst,’ exclaimed Maurice.
1945 M. Allingham Coroner's Pidgin xiv. 118 My hat! was it only last night?
1984 W. F. Deedes in Daily Tel. 24 Aug. 10/2 Dallas, our city of tomorrow—and, my hat, what a tomorrow—was an odd choice by the Republicans for a convention.
P19. colloquial. hold (also hang) on to your hat and variants: prepare yourself for a surprise; prepare for something exciting or unexpected.Sometimes used ironically.
ΚΠ
1905 D. Runyon in Leslie's Monthly Mag. July 352 Hang onter yer hat—th' cavalry's comin' through!
1939 Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Gaz. 9 Apr. 2/1 Hold your hats, girls, Dorothea Dunker's fiance is coming to town.
1985 Washington Post 3 Sept. a15 Hang onto your hats because here comes something naive, idealistic and utopian from a certifiable adult.
1990 P. Auster Music of Chance iii. 42 Hold onto your hat, little guy,..but believe it or not, you're looking at your father.
2008 Guardian (Nexis) 17 May (Sport section) 16 Hold on to your hats, Hearts fans, Bertie Vogts is keen to return to Scotland and is heading for the Tynecastle manager's office.
P20.
a. wearing one's —— hat and variants: used to indicate that a person is speaking or acting in a particular (esp. professional) capacity.
ΚΠ
1924 Mexia (Texas) Daily News 3 Sept. 4/1 Joe Bailey is wearing his political hat again.
1960 N.Y. Times 10 Dec. 47/3 During the interview, Mr. Woo was wearing his hat as consultant to the American Broadcasting Company's ‘Hong Kong’ series.
1961 Winnipeg Free Press 13 Nov. 1/1 Mr. Hees spoke, of course, with his ministerial hat firmly in place.
1967 Evening Standard 29 Aug. 1/1 Wearing his new ‘economic overlord’ hat the Prime Minister summoned three key figures to Downing Street today.
1997 C. L. Hancock & B. Sweetman Truth & Relig. Belief vii. 182 Speaking with my philosophical hat on, I don't see how anyone could ever think that he or she had sufficient grounds to believe in a particular religion.
2013 B. Bond et al. Passing Professional Skills Tests for Trainee Teachers (2015) v. 193 You are there as a teacher, not a friend. Remain professional throughout and always have your teacher's hat on.
b. to wear two hats and variants: to hold two posts or perform two roles simultaneously. Similarly to wear many hats, etc.
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society > occupation and work > position or job > [verb (intransitive)] > more than one at a time
to wear two hats1949
1949 Washington Post 20 Jan. c22 As President of the United States and Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Navy and Air Force, Harry S. Truman..‘wears two hats’.
1968 Listener 8 Feb. 177/2 Cecil Day-Lewis has two hats: one has laurel in it, the other is that of Nicholas Blake, who writes detective stories.
1974 Jet 30 May 55 His latest flick, Uptown Saturday Night,..saw him wearing three hats—producer, director and lead star.
1994 J. Berner Joy of Working from Home xiii. 100 If you are a one-man or one-woman band running your own business, you must wear many hats.
2003 N.Y. Times 6 Apr. b15/4 He decided he simply could not wear two hats and retain their trust.
P21. to pull (something) out of the hat and variants: to produce (something) as if from nowhere; to achieve (something) against expectations. Also (and earliest) in to pull it (also one) out of the hat: to act against expectations; to achieve success in a difficult situation.With reference to the conjuring trick of producing a rabbit from a hat. Cf. to pull (take, etc.) a rabbit out of a hat at rabbit n.1 Phrases 2. See also to pull (something) out of the bag at pull v. Phrases 12.
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1926 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 8 Apr. 11/2 Dave Shade beat Walker last summer, for all the ears in Erie, Pa., but the judges pulled one out of the hat and said Mickey won.
1958 Listener 18 Sept. 404/1 Mr. Dulles first pulled indirect aggression out of the hat in mid-July.
1963 A. Ross Australia 63 v. 110 Simpson's five [wickets] were simply out of the hat.
1971 J. McClure Steam Pig ii. 26 I must say you've really pulled one out of the hat this time.
1986 Guardian 21 Aug. 9 Edinburgh's 40th Film Festival..can generally be relied upon to produce something out of the hat that can't be termed conventional British cinema.
1997 B. Goertzel From Complexity to Creativity xiii. 310 Ideas pulled ‘out of a hat’, with no scientific or mathematical foundation.
2011 Gold Coast Bull. (Austral.) (Nexis) 24 Sept. 43 I will not be surprised if Labor pulls it out of the hat..as the deadline approaches for calling an election.
P22. North American colloquial (chiefly Politics). to be all hat and no cattle and variants: to have or cultivate a particular image or reputation which has no basis in reality; to engage in empty talk; cf. to be all mouth and (no) trousers at mouth n. Phrases 1m.Now often thought of as a phrase originating in Texas, but earliest recorded use (in the form big hat, no cattle) is attributed to American Indians in various areas of the United States.
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1937 H. S. Johnson in Kingsport (Tennessee) Times 18 Feb. 6/5 In the mutual stately Sayonaras of distinguished columnists..the only holy kiss ever offered this celebrant by Miss Thompson was..‘big wind’. The Osages say it better, ‘big hat no cattle’.
1952 El Paso (Texas) Herald-Post 27 June 14/1 The loud talking rancher...applied to a banker for a loan. The banker asked a neighboring Indian if he regarded the rancher as a good credit risk. The Chief pondered the question a moment, and replied: ‘Big hat, no cattle’.
1979 Washington Post 4 Apr. (Sports section) d6/1 Latest bidders..were just like the rest, Charlie O propounds: ‘Big hat, no cattle.’
1980 Washington Post 30 Mar. d8/2 His obsession with 10-gallon headpieces recalled the Texan who was ‘all hat with no cattle’.
1995 Denver Post 28 May d5/6 They refuse to succumb to the temporary trends of a political system filled with so many who are all hat and no horse.
2003 P. Alexander Man of People viii. 226 When you run ads saying you are going to take care of Social Security, my friend, that's all hat and no cattle.
P23. to hang one's hat on, to hang one's hat: see hang v. 1e. to hang up one's hat: see to hang up 2 at hang v. Phrasal verbs.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as hat factory, hat shop, hat fashion, hat line, etc.
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1743 Daily Advertiser 15 Nov. A Hat-Shop, near the Prince's House in Leicester-Fields.
1821 Recreative Rev. 1 68 The intricacies of modern hat fashions.
1887 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 144/1 Persons who work in hat-factories are subject to lung-complaints.
1892 W. D. Howells Mercy 37 She had been one of the hat-shop hands.
1915 Amer. Hatter Aug. 64/1 The well dressed men of modern days always give careful consideration to the ever changing panorama of hat styles.
1952 Jet 20 Nov. 64/1 Ten years ago Williams Baxter owned Harlem's top ladies hat store.
2008 R. P. Magniant Chic Shopping Paris 56/1 The woman's line quickly became the most famous hat line in France.
C2.
a. Objective, forming nouns and adjectives, as hat dresser, hat finishing, hat tipping, hat trimmer, etc.See also hatmaker n., hat-making n.
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1640 MS Canterbury Marriage Licences John Lewknor of Canterbury, hat-dresser.
1709 London Gaz. No. 4580/4 Brian Thompson, of London, Hat-dyer.
1788 E. Holmes Directory Manch. & Salford 65 Parren Thomas, hat finisher, Toad lane.
1841 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 55 68 She was 42 years of age, and was employed as a hat-trimmer.
1888 Cultivator & Country Gentleman 19 Jan. 46/2 The practice of making New-Year calls has been abandoned, and hat-tipping seems to be taking the same road.
1892 A. Conan Doyle in Strand Mag. 3 75/1 It was pierced in the brim for a hat-securer, but the elastic was missing.
1898 Amer. Hatter Sept. 24/2 The present rollers of hat-sizing machines are made of wood.
1905 Daily Chron. 23 Dec. 6/5 The success of the hat-trimming competition.
1919 H. L. Ermatinger (title) Scientific hat finishing and renovating.
2015 M. Lodge tr. D. Lacalle Life in Financial Markets vi. 62 The hat manufacturers organised demonstrations and lodged complaints.
b.
hat designer n.
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1871 Belgravia Jan. 352 Then the winter brought skating; and the hearts of the skate-sellers, bootmakers.., and hat-designers were ‘houses of gladness’.
1937 Life 13 Sept. 54/2 One reason why women's hats look the way they do is probably because the leading creative hat designers cannot draw.
2008 L. Van der Post Things I wish my Mother had told Me (2010) 57 Australian hat designer Helen Kaminski..does very simple fine straws that pack flat.
hat-wearing n. and adj.
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1825 B. Hibbard Mem. Life & Trav. 245 An experiment..to cure himself from the ceremony of hat wearing.
1828 Theatr. Observer 18 June The Pit was not inundated with the booted, hat-wearing, orange-sucking canaille.
1908 Rudder Mar. 324/2 The trouble is men are like a lot of hat-wearing women.
1981 Washington Post 10 May f3/1 Not only is hat-wearing inside a house impolite, but it makes the hair matted.
2001 Vanity Fair Nov. 248/1 The decade hadn't yet gone all..patchouli-scented, and a hat-wearing populace still thronged the city streets.
C3.
a. attributive, with the sense ‘forming part of a hat’, as hat lining, hat binding, hat ribbon, etc.
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1663 Hudibras: Second Pt. iii. 69 Hudibras..Stroaks up his forehead with a Grace, And looks hat-lining in the face.
1735 Polit. State Great Brit. Sept. 264 A single Highwayman, having his Face covered with the Lining of his Hat,..robbed him of all his Money, and then throwing away both his Pistol and his Hat Lining rode off.
1794 Sporting Mag. 3 193 It [sc. shepherd's cloth] may be preferred to hat-wadding.
1875 Specif. & Drawings of Patents (U.S. Patent Office) 23 Mar. 762/1 A permanent blue black color of the shade of woven hat-binding.
1876 I. Banks Manch. Man I. v. 87 A well-dressed solitary child in white muslin, with a sash and hat-ribbons of pink satin.
1904 Rep. Patent, Design & Trade Mark Cases 21 329 What was the method by which the hat binding was secured to the brim?
1949 Clovis (New Mexico) News Jrnl. 10 Apr. The little bow at the back of a hat lining is a survival of the days when a hat was made..to fit the head with a cord.
2004 N. Cornwell More Polar Magic iii. 59/3 With right sides together, sew the hat top to the hatband.
b.
hat brim n.
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1595 A. Copley Wits Fittes & Fancies i. 14 The Prelate but slightlie resaluted him, touching only his hat brim.
1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities i. ii. 6 To..shake the wet out of his hat-brim.
2003 A.-M. MacDonald Way Crow Flies 138 She looks up at him, his eyes shaded by his hat brim.
hat crown n.
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1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 85 Sam. Staniforth..and Ed. Morphy, both on horse-back, could not see over the Tree one anothers Hat-crowns.
1818 M. M. Sherwood Stories Church Catech. (ed. 4) xvi. 103 Philip took a pair of scissars, and hid them in his hat-crown.
2013 B. Chico Hats & Headwear around World 78 The hat crown is small and shallow; the brim flat, rigid, and very broad.
C4.
a. attributive. Designating a piece of furniture or other item used for holding or storing hats.Recorded earliest in hat stand n. See also hat rack n. 1.
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1805 Public Ledger 24 Sept. Nest of drawers, shelves, mahogany, and other lace boxes, hat stands, &c.
1850 Househ. Words 28 Dec. 320/1 Commend us..to the hat-shelf.
1876 Harper's Mag. June 57/1 A commodious dressing-room with hat closet.
1896 Daily News 21 Jan. 2/1 The programmes, and the hat-shelves for the guests.
1915 Pop. Mech. Dec. 934/1 Most clothes closets are built with a low ceiling, and do not provide sufficient space for hat hangers.
1968 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 18 Jan. 20/2 (advt.) Double door wardrobe..Full size hat shelf, tie bar, shoe rack.
2012 M. L. Cheatham Secret Promise iii. 45 He went out to the car and fetched a red dress on a hanger, a hat bag, and a small suitcase.
b.
hat hook n.
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1822 Boston Recorder 9 Nov. Brass and Iron Hat Hooks.
1843 Common School Jrnl. Jan. 23 Teachers must have their hat-hook, &c., and the hat must be hung upon it.
2013 L. Hill Girl in Hard Hat (2014) i. 1 The receptionist wouldn't let her step beyond the hat hooks by the front door.
hat peg n.
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1779 Public Advertiser 20 July The Wife of a Taylor in Prujean-court.., was found hanging on a Hat-peg against the Wainscot.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xli. 135 To hang 'em up to their own hat-pegs.
2010 W. Morgan Yankee Mod. 112/2 The downstairs entry hall has white board walls, unadorned except for coat and hat pegs.
hat rail n.
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1819 Hampshire Tel. & Sussex Chron. 24 May Shelves, window boards, hat rails, ditto stands and racks.
1888 Illustr. London News Christmas No. 14/3 Steadying himself with one hand upon the hat-rail of the [railway] carriage.
2012 Sunshine Coast (Queensland) Daily 17 Nov. 67 A wall-mounted hat rail that runs the length of the wall from the timber entry door.
C5.
hat body n. Hat-making an unshaped or partly shaped piece of felt from which a hat is made.
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1828 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 6 377 Soak the hat body for about five minutes, when the gum will be set.
1937 Philadelphia (Pennsylvania Hist. Comm.) 518 In the blocking department, the hat body, after being worked in hot water..becomes recognizable.
2012 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 9 June (Travel section) t1 While the hat bodies arrive from countries like Portugal, the hats are crafted on-site in Calgary.
hat brush n. a soft brush used for brushing hats.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > [noun] > hat-making > equipment > for brushing
hat brush1637
velours1706
velure1880
1637 Inventory of J. Large 6 Apr. in J. S. Moore Clifton & Westbury Probate Inventories (1981) 67 In the Hale:..one stone bowe, two birding peces, two hatbrushes.
1700 W. Prideaux Jrnl. 27 Sept. in Mariner's Mirror (1920) 6 8 Inventory of Mr. John Chapman Goods Deceased..1 hatt brush 1 caane with joorry head cristil.
1845 Penny Cycl. Suppl. I. 245/2 Very soft brushes, such as hat-brushes.
1914 J. Joyce Dubliners 37 He was fussing at the hallstand, looking for the hat-brush.
2013 Jamestown (N. Dakota) Sun (Nexis) 12 Oct. The store largely sells accessories and accessories for accessories, like..hat brushes.
hat card n. now chiefly historical a card inscribed with a slogan or picture worn in a hatband, esp. to show support for a political candidate during elections.
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1888 Alton (Illinois) Daily Tel. 10 Jan. The staff met at the city hall building, where badges and hat cards were distributed.
1909 E. T. Powell Essent. Self-Government ix. 216 A number of hat cards, provided by the election agent..containing a vignette portrait of the candidate.
2014 C. Hand Understanding your Right to Assemble ii. 41 Masses of strikers marched in front of industry buildings wearing hat cards and preventing ‘scabs’..from entering.
hat collection n. (a) an instance of collecting money from a group of people, esp. by passing round a hat into which donations may be placed (cf. to pass round the hat at Phrases 11); a sum of money collected in this way; (b) a collection of hats owned or held by an individual or institution; a range of hats produced or offered by a designer or retail store.
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1800 D. Delany Let. 1 Dec. in C. Vane Mem. & Corr. Viscount Castlereagh (1849) IV. 143 By means of subscriptions.., combined with hat collections.., did they finally execute the work.
1858 W. Taylor Calif. Life Illustr. ii. 52 A ‘hat collection’ of one hundred and thirty dollars was raised.
1887 Atchison (Kansas) Daily Globe 27 Oct. The hat collection of the museum embraces the head gear of all nations.
1919 Internat. Steam Engineer 15 Aug. 118/2 The patriotism of our other members was shown by the generous way they contributed to the hat collections, taken up for our Smoke Fund.
1941 N.Y. Times 2 Apr. 28/2 (header) Saks Fifth Avenue discloses hat collection designed in ingenious new styles.
1991 K. Hughes Monk's Tale Pref. p. xv Endless anecdotes..of his travels, adventures, and latest acquisitions..for his hat collection.
2015 Argus Weekend (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 30 Aug. 28 I read his parents found it difficult to pay for medical expenses, so why can't we do a hat collection and forward it to them?
hat commoner n. Obsolete rare (at the University of Cambridge) a member of a class of undergraduates entitled to certain privileges and distinguished by particular academic dress including the wearing of a hat, rather than a cap.Cf. commoner n. 6a, fellow commoner n. 3, gentleman-commoner n. 1.
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1803 Gradus ad Cantabrigiam 73 Hat Commoner, the son of a Nobleman, who wears the gown of a Fellow Commoner with a hat.
hat conformator n. Hat-making (now chiefly historical) an instrument used to take measurements for a custom-made hat, consisting of an adjustable metal band or hat-shaped device which is placed on the head to determine its size and shape; cf. conformator n.
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1852 Shove's Business Advertiser & Detroit Directory p. xii, (advt.) Winter's hat conformateur, recently imported from Paris.
1912 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 13 Feb. 302/1 A hat conformator having a plurality of movable elements arranged around an oval space adapted to admit the head of a person.
1993 N.Y. Times 19 Sept. v. 6/3 The first step in making a custom hat is doing a fitting with an odd contraption used by hatters in 19th-century France, called a hat conformator.
hat die n. Hat-making (now rare) a mould or die onto which a partly formed hat is pressed in order to shape it; cf. hat block n., hat mould n.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > [noun] > hat-making > equipment > block or mould
blockhead1549
block1575
hat block1653
hat die1883
1883 Sci. Amer. 31 Mar. 202/1 A novel revolving hat blocking table..which consists of a revolving steam box..adapted to carry the hat dies or moulds.
1918 Illustr. Milliner June 105/1 Hat dies are produced both of spelter and aluminum.
1946 Industr. Directory N.Y. State 222/2 Service Foundry & Machinery Co...Hat Dies and Machinery.
hat doffing n. the action or an act of taking off or raising one's hat, usually as a greeting or sign of respect; cf. to doff one's hat at Phrases 3b.
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1663 B. Furly Worlds Honour Detected 49 Leave your Hat-doffing, mastering, and bidding Good-morrow.
1891 M. M. Dowie Girl in Karpathians 216 Graceful hat-doffings and hand-kissings.
1927 Brazil (Indiana) Daily Times 2 Aug. 3/2 Few..probably ever question where this hat doffing originated.
2015 Sherbrooke (Quebec) Record (Nexis) 8 Oct. a6 The hat doffing, the rising from the chair when a woman joined the group,..all went by the wayside.
hat frame n. Hat-making (a) a frame of wire, willow, or other material used as the foundation for making a hat; (b) a wooden frame used for packaging and transporting hats (obsolete rare).
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1841 Boston Morning Post 29 Nov. Embroidered muslin collars—fur capes, lined with silk—ladies lace capes—willow hat frames.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 190/1 Hat-frame, cross-bars of wood placed round three or four dozen hats in sending them out for home sale.
1905 Specifications of Patents (U.S. Patent Office) 10 Jan. 2000/1 In the manufacture of a hat-frame crown-wires of suitable size are provided.
1997 W.Gamber Female Econ. 180 (caption) Ready-made hat frames, available in net, buckram, or willow.
hat grip n. now rare a device for holding a woman's hat in place, consisting of a flexible, toothed strip of metal or other material which fits inside the hat, in order to attach it to the hair.
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1894 Hearth & Home 14 June 152/2 The ‘Breeze’ Hat Grip..will keep any shape or size of Ladies' Hat in its position on the stormiest and windiest day.
1945 R. T. Wilcox Mode in Hats & Headdress xxiii. 316 Tiny hats have dispensed with the..invisible hat grips or small combs sewn inside the crown holding them to the head.
hat guard n. now historical a cord or cords used to hold a hat in place, typically by attaching the brim of the hat to the wearer's clothing.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > strap or tie-string
string1564
stay1601
chin-stay1699
kissing-strings1705
throatlatch1727
bonnet1817
brides1829
hat guard1839
chin-strap1864
1839 New Sporting Mag. May 349 A hat-guard of such a complicated nature, that it looked like the rigging of a fast-sailing cutter.
1912 B. Beach Riding & Driving for Women viii. 128 It is quite correct to wear a hat guard, but it should be of the kind that fastens to the back brim of the hat, with the hanger inside of the coat collar.
2000 J. K. Walton Brit. Seaside 148 Punch-and-Judy men and other conjurers of seaside pleasure. The hawkers of postcards and hatguards.
hat hair n. originally U.S. colloquial (the condition of having) flattened or untidy hair caused by wearing a hat.
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1981 Washington Post 10 May f3/1 Not only is hat-wearing inside a house impolite, but it makes the hair matted, she says, a condition she calls ‘hat hair’.
1994 Minnesota Monthly May 22/2 On outdoor stories tracking polar bears, wolves, eagles..I get hat hair—winter stocking-cap hat hair is the worst.
2011 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 25 Jan. (Real Life section) f1 Ear muffs and headbands are additional options for winter headgear. Both are great if you want to avoid hat hair.
hat head n. originally U.S. colloquial = hat hair n.
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1987 Toronto Star 12 Nov. (Fashion section) j10/5 I get ‘hat head’ when I wear a hat for two hours or more because my hair is shaped to my hat.
1997 M. Berry How to get there from Here 130 She has hat-head and the man in the corner is staring at her. She holds her hair down with both hands.
2006 D. Arnoult Sufficient Grace 118 His hat is on the seat beside him. He has a bad case of hat head.
hat homage n. now rare (historical in later use) the raising or removing of one's hat as a sign of respect, esp. towards a person of higher social standing; = hat honour n.Used with reference to the early Quakers' refusal to follow this custom.
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the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [noun] > manifestation of respect > uncovering the head
cap1565
capping1592
off-cap1606
hatting1645
hat honour1648
bare-headednessa1656
hat worship1659
hat-respect1669
hat homage1838
uncovering1855
1838 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 761/1 The only intercourse which ever passed between them, was what George Fox used to call ‘hat-homage’.
1872 W. H. Dixon W. Penn (rev. ed.) vi. 50 Hat-homage is our social creed.
1957 C. O. Peare W. Penn iv. 62 Sir William's temper mounted as he broached the subject of hat homage.
hat honour n. now historical the raising or removing of one's hat as a sign of respect, esp. towards a person of higher social standing; cf. hat homage n., hat-respect n., hat worship n.The term was first used by the early Quakers with reference to their refusal to follow this custom.
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the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [noun] > manifestation of respect > uncovering the head
cap1565
capping1592
off-cap1606
hatting1645
hat honour1648
bare-headednessa1656
hat worship1659
hat-respect1669
hat homage1838
uncovering1855
1648 G. Fox Jrnl. (1852) I. 72 The hat-honour, because I could not put off my hat to them, it set them all into a rage.
1723 B. Franklin On Titles of Honor 18 Feb. in B. Franklin Papers (1959) I. 51 One of the Company read to us some Passages from a zealous Author against Hatt-Honour.
1876 Sat. Rev. 12 Feb. 203/2 The refusal of hat-honour by the Quakers was at first a chance testimony against supposed worldly and unreal courtesy.
1906 Friend 20 Jan. 217/3 The subject of hat honor was touched upon, and the query offered, whether its disuse be not now of doubtful value, as a testimony.
2000 Church Times 4 Aug. 16/1 Testimony is subject to modification and disuse..: the refusal of ‘hat honour’ is no longer a problem (and men seldom wear hats now).
hat leaf n. Obsolete the brim or leaf (leaf n.1 14) of a hat.
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1779 P. Landais Let. in B. Franklin Papers (1995) XXXI. 161 No small arms..have been fired nigh enough to go through a round hat leaf.
1829 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 26 76 The heavy shot..carrying off an entire whisker, a very small portion of ear, and a rather larger portion of hat-leaf from the policeman.
1899 S. MacManus In Chimney Corners 85 His hat leaf drooped over all like a limp rag.
hat leather n. Engineering now rare a hat-shaped leather seal forming part of a piston or used to prevent leaks in a hydraulic pump, etc.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > washer or liner
washer1346
gasket1828
babbitting1851
bush1865
hat leather1869
liner1886
space washer1934
O-ring1954
1869 Engineer 3 Dec. 369/1 In making hydraulic joints three types of leathers are used, which may be classed as cup, cap, and hat leathers.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 405/1 Hat-leather packing, an L-section leather ring, gripped between discs to form a piston, or similarly attached to the ram of a hydraulic machine to prevent leakage.
1983 Buck & Hickman Catal. 1983–5 825 (table) Proving pumps... Spare leather seal (hat leather) for ¾in pump.
hat mould n. Hat-making a mould or die onto which a partly formed hat is pressed in order to shape it; cf. hat block n., hat die n.
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1860 H. Staunton Plays of Shakespeare III. 800/2 (gloss.) Block, a hat mould.
1917 B. Miall tr. E. M. Gray Bloodless War 127 In the hat-making districts, German agents made quite a corner in hat-moulds, for the sake of the zinc of which they are made.
2009 Lucky (Nexis) Sept. 311 j The moodily decorated sliver of a store..displays cupboards of hat molds alongside Osborne's popular finished products, from cotton caps to wool fedoras.
hat pad n. Obsolete a pad, usually of velvet, for cleaning or smoothing the nap of a plush hat.
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1882 Gleanings Pop. Authors 1 159/1 [A] velvet-faced hat-pad—a most useful contrivance for putting a gloss on the nap.
1901 W. W. Jacobs in Harper's Monthly Mag. Jan. 258/1 At the hall he paused, and busied himself with the clothes-brush and hat-pad.
hat palm n. any of various palms or similar plants native to Central and South America, the leaf fibres of which are used to make hats and other woven objects; also with distinguishing word.In some instances it is unclear whether the name of a particular plant shows the name of a hat type in combination with palm (as ‘Mexican hat palm’ in quot. 1929) or a distinguishing word in combination with hat palm.Panama hat palm: see the first element.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > palm trees > [noun] > palmetto trees or fan-palms
palmite1555
palmetto1582
palmetto tree1582
talipot1681
tamarind-palmetto1698
Chamaerops1766
eta palm1769
cabbage palm tree1773
palmetto bush1784
swamp-cabbage1792
cabbage tree1796
saw palmetto1797
latania1799
hat palm1812
gebang1817
coco de mer?1820
itaa1832
cabbage palm1847
miriti1853
latania1856
moriche1860
broom-palm1866
ilala1868
licuala1872
fan-plant1884
tiger-grass1884
buri1890
latanier1929
Washingtonia1945
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > trees or shrubs yielding fibre, etc. > palms yielding fibre or thatching materials
satchel-palm1658
rattan1681
palmetto thatch1756
thatch-tree1756
rotan1771
cabbage palm tree1773
cabbage tree1796
tucum1810
gomuti1811
hat palm1812
gebang1817
tucuma1824
nikau1827
piassava1841
cabbage palm1847
bussu1850
jupati1856
timite1858
Raphia1866
thatch1866
thatch-palm1866
toquilla1877
raffia palm1897
1812 G. A. Thompson Geogr. & Hist. Dict. Amer. & W. Indies II. 215/1 Different kinds of palms, such as the royal palms,..the palma de Sombrero or hat-palm, and many others.
1885 A. Brassey In Trades x. 177 It [sc. Copernicia tectorum] is sometimes called..the hat-palm, the young shoots making excellent sombreros or panamas.
1929 Geogr. Jrnl. 73 126 We saw for the first time a species of palm known to us (possibly incorrectly) as the Mexican Hat Palm.
1960 M. Harrison Hist. of Hat i. 14 The hat made of leaf or stalk or pith is still with us; so much so that two trees, Thrynax argentea and Copernicia cerifera both bear the name, ‘hat-palm’ or ‘chip hat-palm’.
1990 Times 6 June 19 Hand-woven by skilled weavers in Ecuador of sun-bleached fibres of the hat palm.
1999 S. Doggett Panama (Lonely Planet) 293/1 Other items of particular interest at this store are..seco bottle covers made from hat palm and pitia.
hat piece n. (a) a Scottish gold coin minted between 1591–3, with a representation of James VI of Scotland wearing a hat (now historical); (b) a metal skullcap worn under the hat to protect the head (obsolete rare).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun] > metal skullcap
basinetc1300
coifc1380
capeline1488
skull1522
hat piece1598
pan1638
pot1639
skull-cap1820
bassinet-
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > Scottish coins > [noun] > gold coins
rider1367
rial1420
demy1440
lew1467
unicorn1487
liona1572
lion noble1586
thistle noble1590
hat piece1598
bonnet piece1684
thistle-crown1726
lozenge lion1890
1598 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1598/10/5 The hat pece [to pass current for] iiij lib. ix s.
1616 Edinb. Test. XLIX. 34 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Ane hat peis of gold, vij lib.
1665 S. Pepys Diary 6 Mar. (1972) VI. 51 I saw him try on his buff coat and hat-piece covered with black velvet.
1859 J. Lindsay Suppl. Coinage Scotl. 23 The weight of the Hat piece is about 69 grains.
1906 W. J. Hocking Catal. Coins Mus. Royal Mint I. 224 The hat-piece was current for four pounds Scottish.
2006 N. M. McQ. Holmes Sc. Coins Nat. Museums Scotl. I. 14 The hat pieces are known from 1591, 1592 and 1593.
hat pin n. a pin worn on or in a hat; spec. a long pin, often with a decorative head, used to hold a woman's hat in position by securing it to the hair.
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1761 London Chron. 5 May 436/3 Cloak and Hat Pins.
1891 ‘J. O. Hobbes’ Some Emotions 137 ‘Would you like that hat-pin?’ she said.
1917 Dry Goods Economist 16 June 169/2 Not for several seasons have fancy hat pins seemed so likely to regain their oldtime prestige.
2006 Illawarra (Austral.) Mercury (Nexis) 22 Mar. 5 Home alone and armed only with a rusty hat pin, a 92-year-old..stabbed a man who broke into her house.
hat plant n. (a) (originally) any of various plants, the pith or leaf fibres of which are used to make hats and other woven objects, esp. the rice paper plant, Aeschynomene aspera (now rare); (b) (in later use) any of various plants, the flowers, foliage, etc., of which are thought to resemble a particular type of hat.Also with distinguishing word. A. aspera is also called pith-hat plant, sola.Panama hat plant: see Panama hat palm n. at Panama hat n. Compounds.
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1852 Amer. Jrnl. Pharmacy 24 175 On the Jipijapa, or Panama Hat Plant.]
1870 A. di San Giorgio Catalogo Poliglotto delle Piante 13 Æschynomene aspera... Eng. Singapore Hat Plant.
1889 Cent. Dict. Hat-plant, a papilionaceous plant, Æschynomene aspera, growing in India, with odd-pinnate leaves and jointed pods.
1905 Contrib. U.S. National Herbarium 9 149 Mat and hat plants.—At least four species of pandanus occur in Guam.
1951 S. Eliovson Flowering Shrubs & Trees S. Afr. Gardens viii. 88 Holmskioldia sanguinea. Red Chinese-Hat Plant.
1987 I. Shah Darkest Eng. xxx. 288 The fibre of the shola, Hindi for the hat-plant.
2014 Times 30 Aug. (Weekend section) 13/2 The sea-green Mexican hat plant, Kalanchoe daigremontiana, actually produces dozens of plantlets, mini versions of the plant itself, all the way around the edge of the leave [sic] and every one will grow.
hat-raising n. the action or practice of raising or removing one's hat as a greeting or sign of respect; cf. to raise one's hat at Phrases 3b.
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1863 Glasgow Herald 15 July 5/1 The French..carry the hat-raising practice to extraordinary lengths.
1905 Westm. Gaz. 11 Aug. 7/1 At Trafalgar-square there was much hat-raising.
2007 D. Reynolds Summits (2009) ii. 56 There was another welcome party, more ‘Heils’ from the crowd.., and more hat-raising in response.
hat-respect n. now rare (historical in later use) (an act of) raising or removing one's hat as a sign of respect, esp. towards a person of higher social standing; = hat honour n.The term was first used by the early Quakers with reference to their refusal to follow this custom.
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the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [noun] > manifestation of respect > uncovering the head
cap1565
capping1592
off-cap1606
hatting1645
hat honour1648
bare-headednessa1656
hat worship1659
hat-respect1669
hat homage1838
uncovering1855
1669 W. Penn No Cross, No Crown ix. §25 Honour was from the Beginning, but Hat-respects, and most Titles, are of late.
1672 T. Holme Brief Relation Sufferings of Quakers in Ireland 79 Christians, that Persecute, Fine and Imprison for not putting off the Hat to them, because they have not the Hat-Honour, and Hat-Respect.
1969 M. B. Endy W. Penn & Early Quakerism (Ph.D. diss., Yale Univ.) 67 He came to see the clear need for regenerate Christians to separate themselves from such manifestations of pride as titles, hat-respect, and similar mannerisms.
hat roller n. Mining (Obsolete rare) a sturdy roller positioned vertically and used to guide hauling ropes around curves.
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1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Hat Rollers, cast iron or steel rollers, shaped like a hat, revolving upon a vertical pin, for guiding incline hauling ropes round curves.
hat shag n. [ < hat n. + shag n.1] Obsolete silk plush fabric used for making men's hats, esp. top hats.
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1811 Morning Chron. 27 Mar. 200 yards black hat shag.
1863 Rep. Commissioners Exhib. 1862 122/3 Gauze Manufacturers, Silk. Hat Plush Manufacturers. Hat shagmakers.
hatshaker n. Obsolete rare (perhaps) a hat maker.
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1698 Post Man & Hist. Acct. 12 Apr. 2/2 (advt.) Whereas one Joseph Briant, a Hatshaker, being concerned, that good Bever Hats are sold cheaper than he and others sell them,..hath maliciously insinuated in an Advertisement, as if they were not right Bever.
hat spring n. Obsolete rare any of several small springs fitted inside the crown of a collapsible hat which enable the hat to be collapsed and opened.Recorded earliest in attributive use.
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1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 190/1 Hat-spring Maker, a manufacturer of springs for light opera or closing-up hats.
1912 Amer. Hatter June 115 Machine for making stiff hat springs.
hat string n. a string used to hold a hat in place, typically by being tied under the chin, or by attaching the hat to the wearer's clothing; cf. hat guard n.
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1573 in E. Roberts & K. Parker Southampton Probate Inventories, 1447–1575 (1992) II. 347 iiij hatt strynges for weomen of sylke, ij s.
1648 C. Raue Disc. Orientall Tongues 29 Thy wife be richly cloathed,..her hatstring and armrings or bracelets..inriched with precious pearls and stones.
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 172 I was untying my hat-strings.
1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross (new ed.) 531 Mr. Jorrocks..runs the fox's tooth of his hat-string through the button hole of his roomy coat.
1934 Ackley (Iowa) World Jrnl. 18 Oct. 3/3 The hat was provided with a hat string which passes under the chin.
2003 Calgary Herald (Alberta) (Nexis) 1 July d8 What about a man who allows his hat strings to hang down and flop in the prairie breeze?
hat worship n. now historical the raising or removing of one's hat as a sign of respect, esp. towards a person of higher social standing; = hat honour n.The term was first used by the early Quakers with reference to their refusal to follow this custom.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [noun] > manifestation of respect > uncovering the head
cap1565
capping1592
off-cap1606
hatting1645
hat honour1648
bare-headednessa1656
hat worship1659
hat-respect1669
hat homage1838
uncovering1855
1659 G. Fox Lambs Officer 17 Hat-honour, and Hat-worship.
1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 14/1 (note) The Hat-worship, as the Quakers call it, is an abomination to that sect.
1833 T. B. Macaulay Let. 8 Feb. in Sel. Lett. (1982) 86 To day he did hat-worship to the Speaker. He stood bare headed—bowed over and over again.
1994 P. Joyce Democratic Subj. ix. 105 This was a world in which ‘hat worship’ was despised, the doffing of the hat at the time being a primary expression of social deference.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

hatv.

Brit. /hat/, U.S. /hæt/
Forms: Old English hættian, Old English hettian, Middle English hatte, 1500s 1800s– hat.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hat n.
Etymology: < hat n. Compare hatted adj.In sense 1 after the more common prefixed form Old English behættian to deprive of hair by scalping or shaving, to scalp ( < be- prefix + hat n.; compare Old English unhūfed shaven-headed, lit. ‘uncapped’ (compare houve n.)); compare head v. 1. In sense 3 after hatter n.2 2.
1. transitive. To deprive (a person) of hair by scalping, to scalp. Obsolete.
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OE Death of Alfred (Tiber. B.i) 10 Sume hi man wið feo sealde, sume hreowlice acwealde, sume hi man bende, sume hi man blende, sume hamelode, sume hættode.
OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. xxx. §5. 334 Gif he þonne gyt mare wurc geworht hæbbe, þonne do man ut his eagan, & ceorfan of his nosu & his earan & þa uferan lippan oððon hine hættian [lOE Harl. hettian; L. ( Quadripartitus) aut decapilletur, ( Instituta Cnuti) aut corium capitis cum capillis, quod Angli dicunt behætian].
2.
a. transitive. To provide with a hat; to put a hat on (a person). Frequently (and in later use chiefly) reflexive: to put on a hat; (with in) to dress oneself in a particular type of hat.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > with specific garments > headgear > other
bewimple1393
hoodc1420
hata1425
tire1539
bonnet1619
turban1822
a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 11v Capello, to hatten.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Incapellare..to hat one.
1852 W. Jerdan Autobiogr. II. xiii. 164 We had..hatted and cloaked ourselves.
1866 C. H. Smith Bill Arp, so Called 32 Shoeing and shirting and hatting the children was indefinitely postponed.
1914 D. J. Snider Lincoln at Richmond 105 Lincoln hatted himself again to face the world.
2010 N. Jubber Drinking Arak off Ayatollah's Beard x. 189 There were Persian-speaking khans, oriental despots in the traditional manner, who hatted themselves in lambswool.
b. transitive. In passive. To be appointed cardinal in an investiture ceremony during which the cardinal's hat is placed on the appointee's head. Cf. hat n. 3b. Now rare.
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1879 A. Gallenga Pope & King II. v. 167 Caverot, Archbishop of Lyons,..was ‘hatted’ in the month of December, 1877.
1885 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 31 July 1/6 The Pope..held a public consistory..at which the newly appointed Cardinals were hatted.
1953 Life 9 Feb. 37/2 Five prelates from Spain, Portugal and France..were hatted by the chiefs of state of their countries.
c. transitive. In passive. (Of a seat) to be reserved by having a hat placed on it. Obsolete. rare.
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1886 Philadelphia Times 10 Apr. Twenty seats had..been hatted before noon to secure them for the debate.
3. intransitive. Australian. To work alone or live a solitary life, esp. as a gold miner. Cf. hatter n.2 2. Obsolete.
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society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work in other specific ways or conditions
dead horse1640
grub1798
subcontract1827
chare1828
slut1829
to take up one's livery1839
hat1868
to work on tribute1869
freelance1904
work1920
nine-to-five1962
job-share1978
telework1983
1868 Wallaroo Times (Kadina) 4 Mar. 6/3 A German named Jacob..had been ‘hatting’ in Splitters Gully, Whipstick.
1891 Age 24 Nov. 6/7 Two old miners..have been..‘hatting’ for gold amongst the old alluvial gullies.
1900 H. Lawson On Track 88 He ‘hatted’ and brooded over it till he went ratty.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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