hard byprep.adv.

Brit.

/ˌhɑːd ˈbʌɪ/, U.S.

/ˌhɑrd ˈbaɪ/

Forms: see hard adv. and by prep. and adv.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adv., by adv.

Etymology: < hard adv. + by adv.

Somewhat archaic.

A. prep.

In close proximity to; very near to. Formerly also: †very nearly at the point of (doing something) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > near to [preposition] > next to or beside

nexteOE

toc1000

alongstc1180

besidesc1200

besidec1275

next handa1400

hard byc1450

juxta1860

upsides1883

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 59 (MED) Sho had a howse all of wud, harde be þe kurk.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 7 We saled harde by the costes off Candy [Gk. ὑπεπλεύσαμεν τὴν Κρήτην].

1592 A. Fraunce 3rd Pt. Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch f. 49 Hard by the pearl-bright brooke, she beheld fayre Hermaphroditus.

1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 575 (note) Your ships were hard by drowning.

1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Persian Trav. iii. i. 100 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) I call'd for my little Chests.., thinking to have skipt into a Genoa Bark that lay hard by us.

1751 T. Gray Elegy xxvii. 10 Hard by yon wood..Mutt'ring his wayward fancies he wou'd rove.

1775 M. Culley in M. Culley & G. Culley Trav. Jrnls. & Lett. (2002) 141 A pretty enough seat hard by the iron forges.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 628 Hard by the remains of Monmouth were laid the remains of Jeffreys.

1882 G. A. Sala Amer. Revisited I. vi. 90 I dined at Delmonico's hard by the Fifth Avenue Hotel.

1935 Lincoln (Nebraska) Star 8 Jan. 12/2 The old red brick university hard by the Cambridge subway station.

1989 J. Conway Road from Coorain (1990) vii. 167 A few unpretentious blocks of flats, and one modest hotel, hard by the miles of quiet, uncrowded beach.

2003 Smithsonian July 48/1 Eventually, I repair to a teahouse..on a narrow, curving street hard by Insadong.

B. adv.

In very close proximity; nearby. Formerly also: †close in time (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > near by [phrase] > nearest or very near

fast byc1300

next a person's handa1400

next handa1400

at (the) nextc1449

hard by1535

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > near in time > imminent or close at hand

beside1297

fast byc1300

neara1400

towards1468

hard by1535

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Obad. 15 The daye off the Lorde is harde by vpon all Heithen.

1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 39 I will place thee in a farme house of mine hard by adioyning.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. vii. 11 The Dog and Rag Market is hard by.

1667 S. Pepys Diary 14 July (1974) VIII. 338 Then I carried them to see my Cosen Pepys's house..and then I walked them to the wood hard by.

1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 19 Jan. in Wks. (1955) VII. 258 Hard by we saw the remains of the circus of Sallustius.

1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 182 An old follower made way for them in his own cottage, and retired..to a cow-house hard by.

1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. Introd. 302 There the huge sirloin reeked; hard by Plumb-porridge stood, and Christmas pye.

1886 J. Ruskin Præterita I. ix. 300 The lily of the valley wild in the copses hard by.

1907 D. Bruun Iceland 21 The women, before entering the church pay a visit to the farm hard by, to lay aside their cloaks and hats or riding bonnets.

2004 Church Times 28 May 36/1 They respond well to having the originals hard by, but the contemporary artist's response is not intended to copy the purpose of the Tuscan artist.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hard by
释义	hard byprep.adv. Brit. /ˌhɑːd ˈbʌɪ/, U.S. /ˌhɑrd ˈbaɪ/ Forms: see hard adv. and by prep. and adv. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adv., by adv. Etymology: < hard adv. + by adv. Somewhat archaic. A. prep. In close proximity to; very near to. Formerly also: †very nearly at the point of (doing something) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > near to [preposition] > next to or beside nexteOE toc1000 alongstc1180 besidesc1200 besidec1275 next handa1400 hard byc1450 juxta1860 upsides1883 c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 59 (MED) Sho had a howse all of wud, harde be þe kurk. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 7 We saled harde by the costes off Candy [Gk. ὑπεπλεύσαμεν τὴν Κρήτην]. 1592 A. Fraunce 3rd Pt. Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch f. 49 Hard by the pearl-bright brooke, she beheld fayre Hermaphroditus. 1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 575 (note) Your ships were hard by drowning. 1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Persian Trav. iii. i. 100 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) I call'd for my little Chests.., thinking to have skipt into a Genoa Bark that lay hard by us. 1751 T. Gray Elegy xxvii. 10 Hard by yon wood..Mutt'ring his wayward fancies he wou'd rove. 1775 M. Culley in M. Culley & G. Culley Trav. Jrnls. & Lett. (2002) 141 A pretty enough seat hard by the iron forges. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 628 Hard by the remains of Monmouth were laid the remains of Jeffreys. 1882 G. A. Sala Amer. Revisited I. vi. 90 I dined at Delmonico's hard by the Fifth Avenue Hotel. 1935 Lincoln (Nebraska) Star 8 Jan. 12/2 The old red brick university hard by the Cambridge subway station. 1989 J. Conway Road from Coorain (1990) vii. 167 A few unpretentious blocks of flats, and one modest hotel, hard by the miles of quiet, uncrowded beach. 2003 Smithsonian July 48/1 Eventually, I repair to a teahouse..on a narrow, curving street hard by Insadong. B. adv. In very close proximity; nearby. Formerly also: †close in time (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > near by [phrase] > nearest or very near fast byc1300 next a person's handa1400 next handa1400 at (the) nextc1449 hard by1535 the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > near in time > imminent or close at hand beside1297 fast byc1300 neara1400 towards1468 hard by1535 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Obad. 15 The daye off the Lorde is harde by vpon all Heithen. 1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 39 I will place thee in a farme house of mine hard by adioyning. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. vii. 11 The Dog and Rag Market is hard by. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 14 July (1974) VIII. 338 Then I carried them to see my Cosen Pepys's house..and then I walked them to the wood hard by. 1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 19 Jan. in Wks. (1955) VII. 258 Hard by we saw the remains of the circus of Sallustius. 1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 182 An old follower made way for them in his own cottage, and retired..to a cow-house hard by. 1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. Introd. 302 There the huge sirloin reeked; hard by Plumb-porridge stood, and Christmas pye. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita I. ix. 300 The lily of the valley wild in the copses hard by. 1907 D. Bruun Iceland 21 The women, before entering the church pay a visit to the farm hard by, to lay aside their cloaks and hats or riding bonnets. 2004 Church Times 28 May 36/1 They respond well to having the originals hard by, but the contemporary artist's response is not intended to copy the purpose of the Tuscan artist. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < prep.adv.c1450
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