hard and fastadv.adj.

Brit.

/ˌhɑːd (ə)n(d) ˈfɑːst/,

/ˌhɑːd (ə)n(d) ˈfast/, U.S.

/ˌhɑrd ən ˈfæst/

Forms: see hard adv. and and conj.¹, adv., and n.¹ and fast adv. and int.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adv., and conj.¹, fast adv.

Etymology: < hard adv. + and conj.¹ + fast adv.With the use in sense B. 2, compare the earlier use as adverb in a nautical context in quot. 1799 at sense A. 1.

A. adv.

1. Securely, tightly; firmly, solidly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [adverb] > in a stable manner > firmly (fixed)

stronglyeOE

fasteOE

stitha1000

hardOE

fastlyOE

steadfasta1300

stithlya1300

steevec1330

a-rootc1374

firmlyc1374

hard and fastc1380

sadc1380

sadlya1398

steadfastlya1400

stronga1400

stalworthlyc1440

solidatively?1541

hardfast1548

secure1578

sickera1586

solidly?1611

tighta1625

securely1642

steevely1790

inexcussably1816

tightly1866

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2864 (MED) Y hote ȝe sle him noȝt, Bote byndeþ hym herde & faste.

a1456 (a1402) J. Trevisa tr. Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add.) f. 96^v (MED) A gret company..of þe Iewes tooke Ihesus and bounde Hym hard and fast.

1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. cxiv. sig. F vj^v Longe berdes and longe heere,..in battayle be troublesome... For they be good stayes, to holde a man hard and fast. Wherfore it shalbe good to clap them shorte.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess ii. 93 An' in a hint he clasp't her hard an' fast.

1799 Vocab. Sea Phrases I. 205 That frigate has stuck hard and fast upon the bank.

1863 C. Dickens Uncommerc. Traveller in All Year Round 18 July 495/2 Here is Garraway's, bolted and shuttered hard and fast.

1933 Punch 16 Aug. 181/1 While they were hard-and-fast aground, James took a dekko, or look around.

2011 C. Hill What Every Horse should Know i. ii. 34 Zipper has learned that being tied hard and fast to a hitch rail is nothing to fear.

2. With great energy or effort; vigorously, diligently. Also in later use: wildly, without restraint.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adverb]

hardlyeOE

strongeOE

hardOE

fastOE

starklyOE

stalworthlyc1175

starkc1225

mainlyc1300

fellc1330

snellc1330

stout1338

wightlya1340

sadlya1375

sharplyc1380

tough1398

stoutly1399

throa1400

wighta1400

lustilyc1400

sorec1400

vigourslyc1400

stiff1422

vigoriouslya1450

vigorouslya1450

actuallya1470

stourlyc1480

forcely?a1500

lustly1529

fricklyc1540

dingilya1555

livelily?1565

crankly1566

forcibly1578

crank1579

wightily?a1600

proudly1600

energetically1609

stiffly1623

ding-dong1628

greenly1633

hard and fast1646

slashingly1659

thwackingly1660

warmlya1684

robustly1709

sonsily1729

forcefullya1774

vim1843

zippily1924

vibrantly1926

punchily1934

zingily1951

1646 S. Sheppard Yeare Jubile iii. 21 Poor housholders..were constrained to borrow the money, and to work hard and fast withall, to regain their impaired ability.

1793 Life & Adventures Job Nott 22 Finding that nothing agreed with me so well as work, I went to the Shop again and set to, hard and fast.

1898 Argosy May 316 He struck hard and fast at the horrible limb which was forcing him down to perdition.

1988 D. Roberts Jean Stafford vii. 139 Scott, though twenty-two years older than Stafford, was no bluestocking, having eloped to Brazil at twenty and later lived hard and fast in Greenwich Village.

2013 Morning Bull. (Rockhampton, Queensland) (Nexis) 24 May 25 Voters should think hard & fast before they write this Govt off.

B. adj.

1. Rigidly laid down or prescribed; fixed, inflexible; definitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > stability, fixity > [adjective]

truea1225

certain1297

standing1457

surec1475

stable1481

finite1493

resident1525

determinate1526

staid?1541

constantc1550

undiscomfitablea1555

inveterate1563

sound1565

unwanderinga1569

fixed1574

undisturbable1577

wishly1578

unremovable1579

inveterated1597

immoved1599

rigid1610

staple1621

consistent1648

irradicable1728

incoercible1756

hard and fast1822

unstrangulable1824

lockstep1831

statical1853

static1856

flatline1946

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [adjective] > conforming to a standard rule > rigidly adhered to

hard and fast1822

hardfast1895

1822 Times 15 May It was a hard-and-fast bargain.

1867 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 186 1562 Whether the franchise is to be limited by a hard and fast line.

1881 J. Evans Anc. Bronze Implem. i. 1 It is impossible to fix any hard and fast limits for the close of the Stone Period.

1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang iv. xx. 416 While there is considerable definite organization, largely of the feudal type, there is no hard and fast structure of a permanent character.

1952 Times 9 Jan. 7/3 It is impossible to draw up hard and fast definitions of political undependability.

2009 D. O'Briain Tickling Eng. ix. 115 There is a hard and fast rule about the ‘what do you do for a living?’ question.

2. Nautical. Of a ship: firmly beached on shore; (also) that has run aground. Cf. fast adj.. Now historical.Recorded earliest as part of an extended metaphor.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > [adverb]

aground1477

hard and fast1826

1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 370/1 Well, there I was, hard-and-fast, for a fortnight, ground-tackle down, with a cable each way; though 'twas hard, to be sure, an innocent fellow should be shov'd into irons.

1827 John Bull 26 Mar. 93/1 His Lordship's yacht..could be drawn no further, and they remained hard and fast.

1895 Ld. C. E. Paget Autobiogr. (1896) iv. 80 Finding the ship hard and fast, he had nothing for it but to remain quietly on board.

1922 W. Shepperd Pract. Navigation (new ed.) 22 When a ship master knows that his ship is hard and fast, through failing to sound, he knows what to expect from the board of inquiry.

1977 P. O'Brian Mauritius Command vii. 198 Sirius has not backed off; she is hard and fast.

2014 Advertiser (Austral.) (Nexis) 3 Mar. 46 A ship that was ‘hard and fast’ was stuck on a beach.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hard and fast
释义	hard and fastadv.adj. Brit. /ˌhɑːd (ə)n(d) ˈfɑːst/, /ˌhɑːd (ə)n(d) ˈfast/, U.S. /ˌhɑrd ən ˈfæst/ Forms: see hard adv. and and conj.¹, adv., and n.¹ and fast adv. and int. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adv., and conj.¹, fast adv. Etymology: < hard adv. + and conj.¹ + fast adv.With the use in sense B. 2, compare the earlier use as adverb in a nautical context in quot. 1799 at sense A. 1. A. adv. 1. Securely, tightly; firmly, solidly. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [adverb] > in a stable manner > firmly (fixed) stronglyeOE fasteOE stitha1000 hardOE fastlyOE steadfasta1300 stithlya1300 steevec1330 a-rootc1374 firmlyc1374 hard and fastc1380 sadc1380 sadlya1398 steadfastlya1400 stronga1400 stalworthlyc1440 solidatively?1541 hardfast1548 secure1578 sickera1586 solidly?1611 tighta1625 securely1642 steevely1790 inexcussably1816 tightly1866 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2864 (MED) Y hote ȝe sle him noȝt, Bote byndeþ hym herde & faste. a1456 (a1402) J. Trevisa tr. Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add.) f. 96^v (MED) A gret company..of þe Iewes tooke Ihesus and bounde Hym hard and fast. 1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. cxiv. sig. F vj^v Longe berdes and longe heere,..in battayle be troublesome... For they be good stayes, to holde a man hard and fast. Wherfore it shalbe good to clap them shorte. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess ii. 93 An' in a hint he clasp't her hard an' fast. 1799 Vocab. Sea Phrases I. 205 That frigate has stuck hard and fast upon the bank. 1863 C. Dickens Uncommerc. Traveller in All Year Round 18 July 495/2 Here is Garraway's, bolted and shuttered hard and fast. 1933 Punch 16 Aug. 181/1 While they were hard-and-fast aground, James took a dekko, or look around. 2011 C. Hill What Every Horse should Know i. ii. 34 Zipper has learned that being tied hard and fast to a hitch rail is nothing to fear. 2. With great energy or effort; vigorously, diligently. Also in later use: wildly, without restraint. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adverb] hardlyeOE strongeOE hardOE fastOE starklyOE stalworthlyc1175 starkc1225 mainlyc1300 fellc1330 snellc1330 stout1338 wightlya1340 sadlya1375 sharplyc1380 tough1398 stoutly1399 throa1400 wighta1400 lustilyc1400 sorec1400 vigourslyc1400 stiff1422 vigoriouslya1450 vigorouslya1450 actuallya1470 stourlyc1480 forcely?a1500 lustly1529 fricklyc1540 dingilya1555 livelily?1565 crankly1566 forcibly1578 crank1579 wightily?a1600 proudly1600 energetically1609 stiffly1623 ding-dong1628 greenly1633 hard and fast1646 slashingly1659 thwackingly1660 warmlya1684 robustly1709 sonsily1729 forcefullya1774 vim1843 zippily1924 vibrantly1926 punchily1934 zingily1951 1646 S. Sheppard Yeare Jubile iii. 21 Poor housholders..were constrained to borrow the money, and to work hard and fast withall, to regain their impaired ability. 1793 Life & Adventures Job Nott 22 Finding that nothing agreed with me so well as work, I went to the Shop again and set to, hard and fast. 1898 Argosy May 316 He struck hard and fast at the horrible limb which was forcing him down to perdition. 1988 D. Roberts Jean Stafford vii. 139 Scott, though twenty-two years older than Stafford, was no bluestocking, having eloped to Brazil at twenty and later lived hard and fast in Greenwich Village. 2013 Morning Bull. (Rockhampton, Queensland) (Nexis) 24 May 25 Voters should think hard & fast before they write this Govt off. B. adj. 1. Rigidly laid down or prescribed; fixed, inflexible; definitive. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > stability, fixity > [adjective] truea1225 certain1297 standing1457 surec1475 stable1481 finite1493 resident1525 determinate1526 staid?1541 constantc1550 undiscomfitablea1555 inveterate1563 sound1565 unwanderinga1569 fixed1574 undisturbable1577 wishly1578 unremovable1579 inveterated1597 immoved1599 rigid1610 staple1621 consistent1648 irradicable1728 incoercible1756 hard and fast1822 unstrangulable1824 lockstep1831 statical1853 static1856 flatline1946 the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [adjective] > conforming to a standard rule > rigidly adhered to hard and fast1822 hardfast1895 1822 Times 15 May It was a hard-and-fast bargain. 1867 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 186 1562 Whether the franchise is to be limited by a hard and fast line. 1881 J. Evans Anc. Bronze Implem. i. 1 It is impossible to fix any hard and fast limits for the close of the Stone Period. 1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang iv. xx. 416 While there is considerable definite organization, largely of the feudal type, there is no hard and fast structure of a permanent character. 1952 Times 9 Jan. 7/3 It is impossible to draw up hard and fast definitions of political undependability. 2009 D. O'Briain Tickling Eng. ix. 115 There is a hard and fast rule about the ‘what do you do for a living?’ question. 2. Nautical. Of a ship: firmly beached on shore; (also) that has run aground. Cf. fast adj.. Now historical.Recorded earliest as part of an extended metaphor. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > [adverb] aground1477 hard and fast1826 1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 370/1 Well, there I was, hard-and-fast, for a fortnight, ground-tackle down, with a cable each way; though 'twas hard, to be sure, an innocent fellow should be shov'd into irons. 1827 John Bull 26 Mar. 93/1 His Lordship's yacht..could be drawn no further, and they remained hard and fast. 1895 Ld. C. E. Paget Autobiogr. (1896) iv. 80 Finding the ship hard and fast, he had nothing for it but to remain quietly on board. 1922 W. Shepperd Pract. Navigation (new ed.) 22 When a ship master knows that his ship is hard and fast, through failing to sound, he knows what to expect from the board of inquiry. 1977 P. O'Brian Mauritius Command vii. 198 Sirius has not backed off; she is hard and fast. 2014 Advertiser (Austral.) (Nexis) 3 Mar. 46 A ship that was ‘hard and fast’ was stuck on a beach. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.adj.c1380
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