handmaidn.

Brit.

/ˈhan(d)meɪd/, U.S.

/ˈhæn(d)ˌmeɪd/

Forms: see hand n. and maid n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hand n., maid n.¹

Etymology: < hand n. + maid n.¹ Compare handmaiden n.Compare Old English handþegn retainer, servant. Compare also to wait on (also wait upon, serve) (a person) (†to) hand and foot at hand n. Phrases 6a(b), and also to serve (a person) to hand (see to hand at hand n. Phrases 1k(a)):a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14142 His sisters serued him to hand. In quots. c1300, 1495 at sense 1a referring to the response of the Virgin Mary to the Angel Gabriel (Luke 1:38), after post-classical Latin ancilla (Vulgate). In sense 2 perhaps so called on account of the plain, unornamented appearance of the moths concerned. In sense 2(a) after scientific Latin ministra (1773), use as specific name of classical Latin ministra female servant. With sense 2(b) compare scientific Latin ancilla , use as specific name of classical Latin ancilla ancilla n.

a. A female personal attendant or servant; a maid. Cf. handmaiden n. 1. archaic and historical in later use.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > female

thuftena1100

handmaidc1300

damselc1330

maid womanc1330

handmaidenc1350

handwomana1382

foot maid?a1475

foot maidenc1480

waiting-woman1565

waitressc1595

waiter1639

attendressa1661

c1300 Evangelie (Dulwich Coll.) l. 264 in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1915) 30 562 Lo here..godis hand-maide.

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) i. sig. Aiv/2 I am the handmayde of the lorde.

1543 T. Becon New Yeares Gyfte sig. G.ij It requireth of vs, that we do not couyt oure neyghboures house, wyfe, seruaunt, handmayd, nor ony thyng that is his.

a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. C4^v Would he daine to wed a countrie lasse, Frier, I would his humble handmayd be.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. iii. 72 Vouchsafe to speake my thankes, and my obedience, As from a blushing Handmaid, to his Highnesse.

1669 E. Reynolds Annot. Ecclesiastes (ii. 7) 58 The children of an handmaid born in her masters house, were born servants unto the master of the house.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. x. 413 Ministrant to their Queen, with busy care Four faithful handmaids the soft rites prepare.

1760 Proc. Old Bailey 8 Dec. 13/1 Mr. Campbell..came down attended by his young son, and his favourite hand-maid.

1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London I. vi. 122 With Dinah, her sturdy handmaid, as her attendant.

1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh ii. 58 To be the handmaid of a lawful spouse.

1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen (1891) I. v. 60 They were..handmaids who might be useful about the house, but who had no future.

1930 R. A. Taylor Invitation Renaissance Italy viii. 191 The Mercato Vecchio..was the heart of the people—crowded with shops, merchants, idlers, gamblers, handmaids, [etc.].

1997 Renaissance Q. 50 462 A humble handmaid presenting needleworks to her superiors.

b. figurative. An abstract or immaterial thing considered as auxiliary to another in a subordinate capacity; an adjunct.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > of secondary importance

handmaidena1425

handmaid1533

anise1741

first (second) chop1823

secondary1841

footnote1858

bush league1928

1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. ii. xi. f. cxlviii^v Fayth, as to whych vertu the vertu of cheryte were but a folower and a perpetuall hand mayde.

1556 M. Huggarde Displaying of Protestantes (new ed.) f. 102 The deuil..bryngeth his darelinges infected with treason the handmaide of heresie, to a shamefull and vile ende.

1609 B. Rich Roome for Gentleman f. 30 Although I doe here yoke wealth with vertue, yet I do make wealth to be but the handmaid to vertue.

1671 C. Cotton tr. P. Corneille Horace iii. vi. 42 Wars Hand-maid Fury prompts her on, To blood and devastation.

1701 C. Cooper Vail turn'd Aside iv. 127 Yet Man is not to lay by his Reason..but to use that as subservient in some degrees as a Handmaid to accompany Faith.

1779 J. Wesley Coll. Hymns Pref. 5 Poetry..keeps its place as the handmaid of Piety.

1826 C. E. Grey in A. Heber Life R. Heber (1830) II. App. 464 Rather than see religion advance upon the rapid wings of strife, I would prefer to wait for her more gradual approach, preceded by commerce and the arts, with peace and knowledge for her hand-maids.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xxi. 533 Heraldry became a handmaid of chivalry.

1901 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 2 97 Olevianus, Knox, and the disciplinarians would use the State as the handmaid of the Church.

1942 I. A. Richards in Fortune Sept. 108/1 The other study—let us call it psychopolitics—were it also methodized, could easily put geopolitics back in the handmaid's place where it belongs.

1994 P. M. Fraser in S. Hornblower Greek Historiogr. (1996) vi. 188 Botanical analysis gave way to rhizotomy, the handmaid of medicine.

†c. A vessel which attends a larger one; a tender. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > tender or supply vessel

victuallera1572

handmaid1599

magazine ship1617

magazine1624

victualling-ship1665

tender1675

storeship1693

supply ship1778

foraging-ship1809

supply boat1823

powder-hoy1867

oiler1916

1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. ii. 121 Vnto which 4 ships [under Sir Francis Drake] two of her pinasses were appointed as hand-maids.

2. More fully handmaid moth. Any of various moths with plain brownish forewings; spec. (a) North American a moth of the North American genus Datana (family Notodontidae); esp. the yellow-necked caterpillar, D. ministra; (b) the moth Dysauxes ancilla (family Arctiidae or Ctenuchidae), of central and southern Europe.

ΚΠ

1856 Trans. N.Y. State Agric. Soc. 1855 15 472 The Handmaid thus becomes the most appropriate common name for this moth, whilst its larva will most readily be distinguished by the name Yellow-necked apple-tree worm.

1869 E. Newman Illustr. Nat. Hist. Brit. Moths 473 The Handmaid (Naclia Ancilla).

1901 R. Lydekker Libr. Nat. Hist. VI. iii. 3064 We may also notice the handmaid moth (Naclia ancilla).., not uncommon in the woods of Southern and Central Europe in June and July.

2002 R. T. Mitchell & H. S. Zim Butterflies & Moths (rev. ed.) 133 (caption) Unlike most hand-maid moths, it [sc. the yellow-necked caterpillar] has a scalloped outer margin on the forewing.

2009 C. Manley Brit. Moths & Butterflies (rev. ed.) 192/1 Handmaid Dysauxes ancilla 25mm Vagrant/ Accidental. One British record only, in 1876.

Compounds

General attributive and appositive.

ΚΠ

1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xxvii, in Poems 12 Her sleeping Lord with Handmaid Lamp attending.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I Vpon Work sig. **^v Would we know from whom Philosophy did come, With all her handmaid Train Of Sciences.

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxii. 459 Full fifty of the handmaid train.

1823 Literary Examiner 30 Aug. 131 The handmaid stars who wait upon ‘the Endymionian Goddess’.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 22 [He] let his eye..rest On Enid at her lowly handmaid-work.

1883 India's Women Sept. 238 The handmaid-life, which by its silent eloquence confirmed the words of grace.

1912 J. Huneker Overtones i. 5 Drama ranking before music and music playing the handmaid rôle of commentator.

1955 Furrow Mar. 175 An association should be formed..for the purpose of regular study in the liturgy and its handmaid arts.

1994 L. Gordon Charlotte Brontë (1995) iv. 114 Translation, as a form of writing open to ladies (in their handmaid capacity), was the route to independence for many Victorian women.

Derivatives

ˈhandmaid-like adj.

ΚΠ

1684 J. Harington Grecian Story 61 The Duke..Pull'd off her Hood; did Handmaid-like attend.

1814 J. West Alicia de Lacy I. 61 With handmaid-like humility of judgment.

1887 R. Allan Border & Other Poems 130 All through earth's stormy fortunes..has she, handmaid-like, Waited upon her in deep loyalty.

1998 J. J. Kripal Kālī's Child (ed. 2) ii. 105 Ramakrishna's handmaid-like vision of Rādhā.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	handmaid
释义	handmaidn. Brit. /ˈhan(d)meɪd/, U.S. /ˈhæn(d)ˌmeɪd/ Forms: see hand n. and maid n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hand n., maid n.¹ Etymology: < hand n. + maid n.¹ Compare handmaiden n.Compare Old English handþegn retainer, servant. Compare also to wait on (also wait upon, serve) (a person) (†to) hand and foot at hand n. Phrases 6a(b), and also to serve (a person) to hand (see to hand at hand n. Phrases 1k(a)):a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14142 His sisters serued him to hand. In quots. c1300, 1495 at sense 1a referring to the response of the Virgin Mary to the Angel Gabriel (Luke 1:38), after post-classical Latin ancilla (Vulgate). In sense 2 perhaps so called on account of the plain, unornamented appearance of the moths concerned. In sense 2(a) after scientific Latin ministra (1773), use as specific name of classical Latin ministra female servant. With sense 2(b) compare scientific Latin ancilla , use as specific name of classical Latin ancilla ancilla n. 1. a. A female personal attendant or servant; a maid. Cf. handmaiden n. 1. archaic and historical in later use. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > female thuftena1100 handmaidc1300 damselc1330 maid womanc1330 handmaidenc1350 handwomana1382 foot maid?a1475 foot maidenc1480 waiting-woman1565 waitressc1595 waiter1639 attendressa1661 c1300 Evangelie (Dulwich Coll.) l. 264 in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1915) 30 562 Lo here..godis hand-maide. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) i. sig. Aiv/2 I am the handmayde of the lorde. 1543 T. Becon New Yeares Gyfte sig. G.ij It requireth of vs, that we do not couyt oure neyghboures house, wyfe, seruaunt, handmayd, nor ony thyng that is his. a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. C4^v Would he daine to wed a countrie lasse, Frier, I would his humble handmayd be. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. iii. 72 Vouchsafe to speake my thankes, and my obedience, As from a blushing Handmaid, to his Highnesse. View more context for this quotation 1669 E. Reynolds Annot. Ecclesiastes (ii. 7) 58 The children of an handmaid born in her masters house, were born servants unto the master of the house. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. x. 413 Ministrant to their Queen, with busy care Four faithful handmaids the soft rites prepare. 1760 Proc. Old Bailey 8 Dec. 13/1 Mr. Campbell..came down attended by his young son, and his favourite hand-maid. 1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London I. vi. 122 With Dinah, her sturdy handmaid, as her attendant. 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh ii. 58 To be the handmaid of a lawful spouse. 1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen (1891) I. v. 60 They were..handmaids who might be useful about the house, but who had no future. 1930 R. A. Taylor Invitation Renaissance Italy viii. 191 The Mercato Vecchio..was the heart of the people—crowded with shops, merchants, idlers, gamblers, handmaids, [etc.]. 1997 Renaissance Q. 50 462 A humble handmaid presenting needleworks to her superiors. b. figurative. An abstract or immaterial thing considered as auxiliary to another in a subordinate capacity; an adjunct. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > of secondary importance handmaidena1425 handmaid1533 anise1741 first (second) chop1823 secondary1841 footnote1858 bush league1928 1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. ii. xi. f. cxlviii^v Fayth, as to whych vertu the vertu of cheryte were but a folower and a perpetuall hand mayde. 1556 M. Huggarde Displaying of Protestantes (new ed.) f. 102 The deuil..bryngeth his darelinges infected with treason the handmaide of heresie, to a shamefull and vile ende. 1609 B. Rich Roome for Gentleman f. 30 Although I doe here yoke wealth with vertue, yet I do make wealth to be but the handmaid to vertue. 1671 C. Cotton tr. P. Corneille Horace iii. vi. 42 Wars Hand-maid Fury prompts her on, To blood and devastation. 1701 C. Cooper Vail turn'd Aside iv. 127 Yet Man is not to lay by his Reason..but to use that as subservient in some degrees as a Handmaid to accompany Faith. 1779 J. Wesley Coll. Hymns Pref. 5 Poetry..keeps its place as the handmaid of Piety. 1826 C. E. Grey in A. Heber Life R. Heber (1830) II. App. 464 Rather than see religion advance upon the rapid wings of strife, I would prefer to wait for her more gradual approach, preceded by commerce and the arts, with peace and knowledge for her hand-maids. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xxi. 533 Heraldry became a handmaid of chivalry. 1901 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 2 97 Olevianus, Knox, and the disciplinarians would use the State as the handmaid of the Church. 1942 I. A. Richards in Fortune Sept. 108/1 The other study—let us call it psychopolitics—were it also methodized, could easily put geopolitics back in the handmaid's place where it belongs. 1994 P. M. Fraser in S. Hornblower Greek Historiogr. (1996) vi. 188 Botanical analysis gave way to rhizotomy, the handmaid of medicine. †c. A vessel which attends a larger one; a tender. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > tender or supply vessel victuallera1572 handmaid1599 magazine ship1617 magazine1624 victualling-ship1665 tender1675 storeship1693 supply ship1778 foraging-ship1809 supply boat1823 powder-hoy1867 oiler1916 1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. ii. 121 Vnto which 4 ships [under Sir Francis Drake] two of her pinasses were appointed as hand-maids. 2. More fully handmaid moth. Any of various moths with plain brownish forewings; spec. (a) North American a moth of the North American genus Datana (family Notodontidae); esp. the yellow-necked caterpillar, D. ministra; (b) the moth Dysauxes ancilla (family Arctiidae or Ctenuchidae), of central and southern Europe. ΚΠ 1856 Trans. N.Y. State Agric. Soc. 1855 15 472 The Handmaid thus becomes the most appropriate common name for this moth, whilst its larva will most readily be distinguished by the name Yellow-necked apple-tree worm. 1869 E. Newman Illustr. Nat. Hist. Brit. Moths 473 The Handmaid (Naclia Ancilla). 1901 R. Lydekker Libr. Nat. Hist. VI. iii. 3064 We may also notice the handmaid moth (Naclia ancilla).., not uncommon in the woods of Southern and Central Europe in June and July. 2002 R. T. Mitchell & H. S. Zim Butterflies & Moths (rev. ed.) 133 (caption) Unlike most hand-maid moths, it [sc. the yellow-necked caterpillar] has a scalloped outer margin on the forewing. 2009 C. Manley Brit. Moths & Butterflies (rev. ed.) 192/1 Handmaid Dysauxes ancilla 25mm Vagrant/ Accidental. One British record only, in 1876. Compounds General attributive and appositive. ΚΠ 1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xxvii, in Poems 12 Her sleeping Lord with Handmaid Lamp attending. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I Vpon Work sig. *^v Would we know from whom Philosophy did come, With all her handmaid Train Of Sciences. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey* V. xxii. 459 Full fifty of the handmaid train. 1823 Literary Examiner 30 Aug. 131 The handmaid stars who wait upon ‘the Endymionian Goddess’. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 22 [He] let his eye..rest On Enid at her lowly handmaid-work. 1883 India's Women Sept. 238 The handmaid-life, which by its silent eloquence confirmed the words of grace. 1912 J. Huneker Overtones i. 5 Drama ranking before music and music playing the handmaid rôle of commentator. 1955 Furrow Mar. 175 An association should be formed..for the purpose of regular study in the liturgy and its handmaid arts. 1994 L. Gordon Charlotte Brontë (1995) iv. 114 Translation, as a form of writing open to ladies (in their handmaid capacity), was the route to independence for many Victorian women. Derivatives ˈhandmaid-like adj. ΚΠ 1684 J. Harington Grecian Story 61 The Duke..Pull'd off her Hood; did Handmaid-like attend. 1814 J. West Alicia de Lacy I. 61 With handmaid-like humility of judgment. 1887 R. Allan Border & Other Poems 130 All through earth's stormy fortunes..has she, handmaid-like, Waited upon her in deep loyalty. 1998 J. J. Kripal Kālī's Child (ed. 2) ii. 105 Ramakrishna's handmaid-like vision of Rādhā. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). handmaidv. Brit. /ˈhan(d)meɪd/, U.S. /ˈhæn(d)ˌmeɪd/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: handmaid n. Etymology: < handmaid n. †1. transitive. With it. To be auxiliary and subordinate to. Cf. handmaid n. 1b. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (transitive)] > help as subsidiary serve1579 handmaid1655 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. Ded., in Church-hist. Brit. Natural Philosophy, which should hand-maid it to Divinity. 2. transitive. To act as a handmaid to (a person or thing); to attend; to serve. Chiefly figurative. ΚΠ 1876 J. J. G. Wilkinson On Human Sci. liii. 198 Passions, imaginations, and domineering desires, each handmaided by its own intellectual delusions. 1960 G. Corso Let. Aug. in Accidental Autobiogr. (2003) 260 Man in an Enchanted Grove... A reflection, with all the elements hand maiding him. 1995 Afr. Amer. Rev. 29 126 As we ponder the ins and outs of this latest ‘black popular culture’, we might well want to watch out for whose means of cultural production we are handmaiding. 2002 E. Green in S. Erikson House of Chains ii. 299 Newly assigned to handmaid the Claw. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1300v.1655
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handmaidn.

Compounds

Derivatives

handmaidv.