armatolen.

Brit.

/ˈɑːmətəʊl/, U.S.

/ˈɑrməˌtoʊl/

Inflections: Plural armatoloi, armatoli, armatoles.

Forms: 1800s– armatole, 1800s– armatoli (plural), 1800s– armatoloi (plural). Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Greek αρματολός, αρματόλογος.

Etymology: < modern Greek αρματολός, variant (see note below) of αρματόλογος person who is concerned or involved with weapons ( < άρματα , plural (by analogy with neuter nouns in -μα ) of άρμα weapon (medieval Greek ἄρμα ; < classical Latin arma , neuter plural: see arms n.) + -λόγος : see -loger comb. form)); compare -o- connective. Compare French armatole (1824 or earlier; < modern Greek).Modern Greek αρματολός developed from αρματόλογος by elision of the γ between two identical vowels in the second element. In plural forms armatoloi and perhaps also armatoli after the Greek plural form αρματολοί.

Now historical.

In Ottoman-ruled Greece: a member of an armed militia composed of Greek mercenaries, serving from the 15th cent. until Greek independence in the 1830s as a form of police force.Although originally recruited to enforce the Sultan's authority in remote or restive regions, the armatoloi, along with the klephts (klepht n.), formed a major part of the pro-independence forces fighting against Ottoman rule during the Greek War of Independence (1821–32).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > militia or citizen army > specific

pospolite1697

landwehr1815

armatole1821

Reichswehr1876

Red Guard1906

White Guard1906

Basij1982

1821 Bury & Norwich Post 6 June 1/1 The Armatoli of Acarnania..engaged, by solemn oaths, not to sheath their swords till they have freed their country from the Turks.

1825 Hommage aux Dames 101 There was only one distinctive mark by which the Armatole, who had become a Klepht, could be distinguished from the Armatole who still remained in his province.

1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 46 Armatoles..was applied to a local militia, or rural police, composed entirely of native Christians.

1897 E. A. Grosvenor tr. S. T. Xenos Andronike iii. xv. 277 How many years have you been an armatolos?

1900 ‘Odysseus’ Turkey in Europe vii. 303 Both Klephts and Armatoles come into greater prominence with the abolition of the conscription.

1971 Internat. Jrnl. Middle East Stud. 2 232 An armatolos under one Pasha today would find himself a klepht tomorrow under another.

1998 J. Goodwin Lords of Horizons xxi. 248 It was often hard to say who was klepht and who was armatole, for both sprang from local stock.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	armatole
释义	armatolen. Brit. /ˈɑːmətəʊl/, U.S. /ˈɑrməˌtoʊl/ Inflections: Plural armatoloi, armatoli, armatoles. Forms: 1800s– armatole, 1800s– armatoli (plural), 1800s– armatoloi (plural). Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Greek αρματολός, αρματόλογος. Etymology: < modern Greek αρματολός, variant (see note below) of αρματόλογος person who is concerned or involved with weapons ( < άρματα , plural (by analogy with neuter nouns in -μα ) of άρμα weapon (medieval Greek ἄρμα ; < classical Latin arma , neuter plural: see arms n.) + -λόγος : see -loger comb. form)); compare -o- connective. Compare French armatole (1824 or earlier; < modern Greek).Modern Greek αρματολός developed from αρματόλογος by elision of the γ between two identical vowels in the second element. In plural forms armatoloi and perhaps also armatoli after the Greek plural form αρματολοί. Now historical. In Ottoman-ruled Greece: a member of an armed militia composed of Greek mercenaries, serving from the 15th cent. until Greek independence in the 1830s as a form of police force.Although originally recruited to enforce the Sultan's authority in remote or restive regions, the armatoloi, along with the klephts (klepht n.), formed a major part of the pro-independence forces fighting against Ottoman rule during the Greek War of Independence (1821–32). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > militia or citizen army > specific pospolite1697 landwehr1815 armatole1821 Reichswehr1876 Red Guard1906 White Guard1906 Basij1982 1821 Bury & Norwich Post 6 June 1/1 The Armatoli of Acarnania..engaged, by solemn oaths, not to sheath their swords till they have freed their country from the Turks. 1825 Hommage aux Dames 101 There was only one distinctive mark by which the Armatole, who had become a Klepht, could be distinguished from the Armatole who still remained in his province. 1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 46 Armatoles..was applied to a local militia, or rural police, composed entirely of native Christians. 1897 E. A. Grosvenor tr. S. T. Xenos Andronike iii. xv. 277 How many years have you been an armatolos? 1900 ‘Odysseus’ Turkey in Europe vii. 303 Both Klephts and Armatoles come into greater prominence with the abolition of the conscription. 1971 Internat. Jrnl. Middle East Stud. 2 232 An armatolos under one Pasha today would find himself a klepht tomorrow under another. 1998 J. Goodwin Lords of Horizons xxi. 248 It was often hard to say who was klepht and who was armatole, for both sprang from local stock. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1821
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