| 释义 |
halvev. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymon: half n. Etymology: < half n. Compare Middle High German halben to divide into two parts, to break into pieces, (intransitive) to be reduced to half (compare earlier Old High German -halbōn in different sense in bihalbōn to surround (see bihalve v.)).The early Middle English past tense plural form helfden (see α. forms), used intransitively in quot. c1275 at sense 1a, could alternatively be interpreted as continuing a related Old English weak Class I verb *hielfan (with i-mutation caused by the verb-forming suffix), cognate with or formed similarly to Middle High German helben to divide (something) into two halves, to be reduced to half (early modern German helben ). The existence of Old English *hielfan is probably shown by the early Old English gloss herbid , rendering a form of classical Latin bipertītus ‘divided into two parts’, if it is interpreted as a scribal error for *helbid (i.e. *hielfed ). Variant forms. The β. forms preserve the original voiced fricative of the noun (compare discussion at half n.). In early use this would not have been differentiated in writing, so helfden at α. forms is also likely to have had a voiced fricative. The later α. forms represent a pronunciation with voiceless /f/ and are common in certain regional varieties (especially Scots). 1. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 3915 Scipen gunnen helden, bosmes þer rendden, water in wende, seiles þer helfden. the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > division into two > divide in two [verb (transitive)] > divide into two equal parts ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 59v To halfe, dimidiare, mediare. 1562 G. Legh f. 62v The chiefe may not bee emeaded, or halfed. 1647 H. More ii. App. lxxxi Not lightened entire, But halfed like the Moon. 1723 J. Nott sig. Dd Lay on some Beef Marrow, Dates halved, Eringo-roots, [etc.]. 1845 E. Acton xix. 496 The peaches and apricots should be merely skinned, halved, and stoned. 1878 R. Browning 59 Power that sinks and pettiness that soars, all halved and nothing whole. 1938 25 Aug. 4/4 It's a whole loaf of bread halved lengthwise and piled with roast beef, lettuce and tomatoes. 2003 Oct. 57/3 First, skin the tomato, next halve it, then remove the seeds. †2. the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > division into two > divide in two [verb (transitive)] > divide into two equal parts > amount to half of a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms liv. 24 Men of blodis and treccherous shul not haluen ther daȝes. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xv. 1152 Þer is a maner wilde oxe... And in eyþer of his hornes may half the mesure þat hatte bos. 1834 S. T. Coleridge Honor in I. 50 The fervid Sun had more than halv'd the day. 3. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) liv. 27 in C. Horstmann (1896) II. 187 Menslaer and swykel his dayes halfe sal. c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele (1922) 38 (MED) Yf thow wilt half any nombre, write that nombre by his differences. a1456 Balade of Compleynte (BL Add. 16165) in W. W. Skeat (1894) I. 415 Compleyne ne koude [emended in ed. to coude], ne might myn hert [emended in ed. to herte] never My peynes halve. 1659 33 If the Excise were laid by, and the Customs halved, brought as low as any other Nation, or but half the Rates imposed that now are paid. 1671 J. Brown 21 For Chords of any Ark or Angle, do thus: Halve the Ark or Angle required, and take the right Sine thereof, and that shall be the Chord thereof. 1703 R. Neve 54 The setting off..being halfed. 1747 B. Franklin Let. in (1887) II. 97 That celerity doubled, tripled, &c., or halved, thirded, &c. 1869 E. A. Parkes (ed. 3) 5 These quantities might..in most cases be halved. 1939 J. B. S. Haldane viii. 203 The amount of slight infections..in a group of London babies was nearly halved when they were given extra vitamin A. 2011 (Nexis) 31 May c2 The first sub-target for this goal is to halve fossil fuel use by 2020. 1899 28 Oct. 1175/1 When the auricle has halved in diameter by its contraction, its walls become four times as thick. 1903 H. G. Wells viii. 297 The percentage of illegitimate births in England has almost halved in fifty years. 1984 S. King & P. Straub (1985) xliv. 721 The distance between the madman and the boys seemed to halve in a second. 2010 (Nexis) 10 Dec. 12 The number of women in Britain using the treatment has more than halved. the mind > possession > sharing > share [verb (intransitive)] > share by halves the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > divide into shares > divide and share out > equally a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 1246 What I haue, I wele it with yow halue. 1626 E. Huit i. 71 This onely perfects our Reward: halue it with God, and he will halue it with thee. 1638 H. Wotton Let. in (1672) 374 Our Nicholas (for I account him at least halved between us) tells me that [etc.]. 1641 W. Bray 23 The Church of Rome..halfes out to them an imperfect Sacrament. 1783 H. Swinburne I. 220 The expence of the harvest is born equally by both [the proprietor and the tenant], and the profits halved between them. 1835 J. Hogg II. 22 I will halve this bonnet-piece of gold between us. 1889 27 June 5 I asked Sir G. C. if he would ‘half’. He consented. I paid for the horse, he repaying me afterwards, and also paying half the training expenses. 1892 28 Mar. 5/4 As a result of the compromise arrived at by Mrs. C. S. Parnell and her relatives the estate of Mrs. Wood will be halved between them. 1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Sunset Song in (1995) 5 Ellison had brought his whisky for him and some said he had halved his bed with him. 2010 B. Agbaje vi. 35 At the end of the month I'd have bout nine grand, give or take, and we can halve the profit. society > authority > lack of subjection > be unsubmissive [verb (intransitive)] > render divided obedience the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > be inconstant [verb (intransitive)] society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > fall short of duty [verb (intransitive)] > render half service or obedience 1566 R. Ascham Divæ Elizabethæ in (1761) 183 Saul, first halfing with God, (as when God gave Amalec into his hand) then halting in religion. 6. Chiefly Woodworking and Joinery. society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > work with wood [verb (intransitive)] > join or do work of joiner > of joints: fit together society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > build or construct with wood [verb (transitive)] > join > with specific joint or method 1733 F. Price 20 Not Only Partitions, but Bridges, require Timber to be Halved together. 1804 22 43 An upright bar, with the horizontal bars halved into it. 1841 S. H. Long 37 The mode of connecting the lateral braces to each other, is that of halving them together at every place of their intersection. 1908 II. 43 The sills are usually halved and pinned together at the corners. 1976 15 57 The scissor beams are halved together where they cross. 2013 N. Alcock & D. Miles v. 90/2 The arch braces are halved into the face of the cruck blade. 1834 J. S. Macaulay 150 The ends notched out so as to halve into each other. 1878 (U.S. Patent Office) 2 July 252/1 The manner in which the pieces halve together is plainly seen. 1916 Dec. 43/2 The cuts where the braces halve together where they cross. 1988 Mar. 43/3 These [sills] halve into the end bulkheads. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > play golf [verb (transitive)] > score 1807 J. Grierson 236 If the ball be struck into the hole at the like, or an equal number of strokes on both sides, the hole is said to be halved, and goes for nothing. 1857 (new ed.) II. 693/1 When players are very equally matched, neither party has, at the close of a day's play, gained an advantage; every round has been halved, hence the match itself is halved, and remains to be played another day. 1938 27 June 4/6 The 15th was halved, but Cotton pulled one back with a great 3 at the 16th. 1999 12 July s5/3 You can charge putts a bit more than normal, especially if it's to halve a hole. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022). <  v.c1275 |
