handiworkn.

Brit.

/ˈhandɪwəːk/, U.S.

/ˈhændiˌwərk/

Forms: Old English handgeweorte (nominative plural, transmission error), Old English hondgeweorc, Old English hondgiuoerc (Northumbrian), Old English hondgiwoerc (Northumbrian), Old English hondiuoerc (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English handgeweorc, Old English–early Middle English handgeworc, early Middle English handȝeweorce, early Middle English handiwerc, early Middle English hondiwerc, Middle English hondiwerk, Middle English hondiwerke, Middle English hondywerk, 1500s handyework, 1500s handyeworke, 1500s handywerke, 1500s handywoorke, 1500s handyworck, 1500s–1600s handiework, 1500s–1600s handieworke, 1500s–1600s handiworke, 1500s–1600s handyworke, 1500s– handiwork, 1500s– handywork (now nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 handeywark, pre-1700 handiewark, pre-1700 handiewerk, pre-1700 handywerk, 1800s– handiwark.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon handgiwerk work done by a person's hands, creation, creature < the Germanic base of hand n. + the Germanic base of Old English geweorc work, workmanship, labour, construction (see work n.). Compare Old English handweorc handwork n., with unprefixed weorc work n. as the second element. Compare also Langobardic andigauuerc , andegauuerc manual instrument. As the reflex of Old English geweorc did not survive in Middle English except as the second element in hondiwerk , the formation was apparently reanalysed as a compound of werk work n., with a first element handi , often written separately and treated as an adjective (see handy adj.). Compare also discussion of Middle English handewerk at handwork n. β. forms.In quot. OE¹ at sense 1 probably rendering Old Saxon handgiwerk in the source. With sense 3 compare handy adj.

1. The product of the manual or creative labour of a person or other agent, esp. (in early use) God; a thing or things collectively made by a person's hands.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [noun] > handiwork of God

handiworkOE

mighty work1568

society > occupation and work > work > product of work > [noun] > done by hand

handworkOE

craftworkc1425

manufacture1567

handiworka1680

handicraft1891

craft1911

handcraft1920

OE Genesis B 241 Stod his [sc. God's] handgeweorc somod on sande.

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Deut. (Claud.) iv. 28 Ge ðeowiað fremdum godum, manna handgeweorc [L. hominum manu fabricati], treowene & stænene.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 22 Loke to me & help me, þin hondiwerc, for al min hope is o þe.

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 53 For þi merci, Iesu suete, þin hondywerk nult þou lete, þat þou wel ȝerne sohtes [MS sohtest].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 1589 (MED) His owne hondiwerke so soone Wolde he not hit were fordone.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xviii[i]. 1 The very heauens declare the glory off God, and the very firmament sheweth his handye worke.

1565 J. Cancellar Alphabet of Prayers sig. A.vii^v Cause mee thy Creature and handy-worke therefore (O Lorde) diligentlye to keepe thy Commaundementes.

1635 F. Quarles Emblemes iii. x. 162 I am thy handy-worke, thy creature, Lord.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 126 The Pagans heretofore Did their own Handyworks adore.

1710 E. Ward Life Don Quixote i. ii. 26 Resolv'd by stitching and by pasting, To make his Handy-work more lasting.

1796 W. Thomson Lett. from Scand. II. App. i. 449 The ingenuity of the subjects of Denmark too is displayed in the handiwork of Norwegian peasants.

1861 F. Metcalfe Oxonian Iceland xvi. 238 One of Gretti's handiworks, a rhomboidical stone, some six feet long by five feet broad.

1893 Q. Rev. July 200 Specimens of their handiwork in tooled morocco.

1974 Texas Monthly May 102/2 Local artists..display their year's handiworks in this prestigious sale.

1993 B. Richardson Bachelor Brothers Bed & Breakfast i. 9 The numerals were smudged by our cat..when she tromped across our handiwork.

2. Chiefly with possessive adjective or genitive.

a. Work done by a person's hands or by direct personal agency; the manual or creative work of a person, period of time, area, etc.In quot. 1658: spec. the work of human agency as opposed to nature. In quot. 1674 in plural in same sense.

ΚΠ

OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) ix. 15 For þam byð Drihten [cuð] on his rihtum domum, and on his handgeweorce [L. in operibus manuum suarum] byð gefangen se synfulla.

OE Note on Old Test. Figures (Tiber. A.iii) in Anglia (1889) 11 1 For þon þe he [sc. Adam] of þære eorðan selfre unmængedre ær gesceapen wæs & gehiwad þurh godes handgeweorc.

a1225 ( Rule St. Benet (Winteney) (1888) xlviii. 97 (heading) Be ælces daȝes handȝeweorce [L. de opere manuum cotidiano].

1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Lv^v An Image, whiche is an artificiall thyng, is made by the handy worke of man.

a1569 M. Coverdale Fruitful Lessons (1593) sig. Cc3 They..vndertake to get their owne lyuing with their handy worke.

a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1655) 483 All such Wares as are either of the growth or handy-work of either of the said Realms.

1658 T. Bromhall Treat. Specters v. 327 The cave..seemed as if it had been made by handywork.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 67 The shapes of nature being of another kind of make than those of handy-works.

1730 W. Forbes Inst. Law Scotl. II. i. iv. viii. 129 A Painter who maintains a numerous Family with his Handy-work.

1789 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (new ed.) XII. lxx. 86 Twenty young maids..presented Monmouth with a pair of colors of their handiwork.

1820 W. Hazlitt Lect. Dramatic Lit. 2 What they performed was chiefly nature's handy-work.

1866 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 264/1 Beautiful intaglios, in which we recognise a finish and an execution able to vie with the handiwork of the best age of imperial Rome.

1890 C. Gross Gild Merchant I. 107 He..sold the products of his handiwork in his shop.

1911 M. Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson v. 67 You found no trace of their handiwork in the meal you have just had with me?

a1969 J. K. Toole Confederacy of Dunces (1981) v. 94 Looking happily about, Mr. Gonzalez noticed the results of Mr. Reilly's handiwork in the office.

2010 Church Times 23 July 40/3 No more exclamations at the marvels of Suffolk handiwork as we Pevsnered our way through sacred interiors.

b. Work of any kind; doing, performance; achievement.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > [noun]

workingOE

executionc1374

performinga1425

expedition1445

executing1480

administration1483

performancec1487

performation1504

handiworka1513

performent1527

dispatchment1529

depeaching1540

exploit1548

depeach?a1562

dispatchinga1564

dispatch1581

acting1598

outbearing1605

peraction1623

expediting1643

implement1754

solutiona1859

out-carrying1869

actuation1875

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxvii. f. lxiiii/1 When this was knowen to the kynge, he consydered well it was the handy-werke of god.

?1566 W. P. tr. C. S. Curio Pasquine in Traunce f. 92 So haue these marked Monsters deuised their Purgatory, and then they say, that the remedy thereof is their Masses, their almesse, their prayers, and Pilgrimages, as a man may see in the decree of their owne handyworke.

1624 T. Scott Belgick Souldier sig. C4^v He went away affrighted at his owne handiworke, and cursing the motives and setters on of his presumption.

1721 tr. Arabian Nights Entertainm. VIII. 150 What a Joy will it be to her to be inform'd, that my Victory is your Handy-work.

1745 Just Hist. Sea-fight in Mediterranean 84 The Poder burnt about an Hour, and at Night blew up in Sight of both Fleets, each imagining the Action to be their own handy Work.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxix. 160 That was your handiwork, Giles, I understand.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §5. 510 The Liturgy and Canons had been Laud's own handiwork.

1922 P. Lake & R. H. Rastall Textbk. Geol. (ed. 3) xi. 182 The rise of the water-level conceals the handiwork of the sea at lower levels.

1984 C. D. Lowery James Barbour ii. 19 The Federalist program, he exclaimed, was the handiwork of extremists and liberticides.

2001 M. T. Dudman Augusta, Gone vii. 69 I was rather pleased with my handiwork. The careful plan of my escape.

3. Working with the hands; (esp. skilled) manual labour; a manual occupation or trade. Cf. handwork n.Sometimes as distinguished from intellectual work, or work done by or with machinery.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > manual work

handcraftOE

craftworkOE

handworkOE

manual labour?1406

handworking?a1425

manoeuvre1479

hand labour1517

handiwork1525

handicrafta1535

manuary1581

mechanic1605

manufacture1625

arm labour1677

mechanics1726

hag1797

hag-work1841

1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. Prol. sig. Aij/1 For y^e loue & comforte of all them that entende to studye the noble arte of Chyrurgia, y^e whiche is called the handyworke of Surgery.

1565 J. Hall Hist. Expost. in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. sig. Eeeij Chirurgery is Operatio Manualis, that is handye worke. Wherefore..call it the handye worke of medicine.

1621 Knolles's Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 3) 1326 The Estates..haue raised handiworks as well as traffike and nauigation to the highest point of perfection.

1669 A. Woodhead tr. Life St. Teresa (1671) ii. vii. 55 She accounted Handy-work a great means of advancing, and perfecting her Religions.

1703 Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) Pref. 2 To what purpose would Geometry serve, were it not to contrive Rules for Handy-Works [1678 not to teach Handicrafts]?

1714 Ladies Libr. I. 30 Our late Sovereign Queen Mary..was always employing her leisure Hours in some Handy-work of Use and Convenience.

1782 Syst. Morality to Syllabus 25 May they who cultivate the earth ever consider their business not to be mere handiwork, but to depend greatly on the knowledge of various matters.

1837 T. Carlyle in London & Westm. Rev. Jan. 391 To do hodwork and even skilful handiwork.

1866 J. Brown John Leech in Horæ Subs. 1st Ser. Pref. (note) We wish we saw more time, and more handiwork, more mind spent upon anatomy and surgery.

1908 Public Libr. May 230/1 It was a question whether the library should be turned over to the arts and crafts as a handiwork or left in the category of that which is but done by a certain amount of machinery.

1975 P. Vergo Art in Vienna 1898–1918 iii. 132 For the most part, handiwork has been ousted by the machine, the manual worker by the businessman.

2010 National Jrnl. (Nexis) 3 Dec. Most of this surplus is presumed to be in..easily portable brainwork (architectural blueprints, for instance) rather than fixed-location handiwork (such as computer repair or massage therapy).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	handiwork
释义	handiworkn. Brit. /ˈhandɪwəːk/, U.S. /ˈhændiˌwərk/ Forms: Old English handgeweorte (nominative plural, transmission error), Old English hondgeweorc, Old English hondgiuoerc (Northumbrian), Old English hondgiwoerc (Northumbrian), Old English hondiuoerc (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English handgeweorc, Old English–early Middle English handgeworc, early Middle English handȝeweorce, early Middle English handiwerc, early Middle English hondiwerc, Middle English hondiwerk, Middle English hondiwerke, Middle English hondywerk, 1500s handyework, 1500s handyeworke, 1500s handywerke, 1500s handywoorke, 1500s handyworck, 1500s–1600s handiework, 1500s–1600s handieworke, 1500s–1600s handiworke, 1500s–1600s handyworke, 1500s– handiwork, 1500s– handywork (now nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 handeywark, pre-1700 handiewark, pre-1700 handiewerk, pre-1700 handywerk, 1800s– handiwark. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon handgiwerk work done by a person's hands, creation, creature < the Germanic base of hand n. + the Germanic base of Old English geweorc work, workmanship, labour, construction (see work n.). Compare Old English handweorc handwork n., with unprefixed weorc work n. as the second element. Compare also Langobardic andigauuerc , andegauuerc manual instrument. As the reflex of Old English geweorc did not survive in Middle English except as the second element in hondiwerk , the formation was apparently reanalysed as a compound of werk work n., with a first element handi , often written separately and treated as an adjective (see handy adj.). Compare also discussion of Middle English handewerk at handwork n. β. forms.In quot. OE¹ at sense 1 probably rendering Old Saxon handgiwerk in the source. With sense 3 compare handy adj. 1. The product of the manual or creative labour of a person or other agent, esp. (in early use) God; a thing or things collectively made by a person's hands. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [noun] > handiwork of God handiworkOE mighty work1568 society > occupation and work > work > product of work > [noun] > done by hand handworkOE craftworkc1425 manufacture1567 handiworka1680 handicraft1891 craft1911 handcraft1920 OE Genesis B 241 Stod his [sc. God's] handgeweorc somod on sande. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Deut. (Claud.) iv. 28 Ge ðeowiað fremdum godum, manna handgeweorc [L. hominum manu fabricati], treowene & stænene. c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 22 Loke to me & help me, þin hondiwerc, for al min hope is o þe. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 53 For þi merci, Iesu suete, þin hondywerk nult þou lete, þat þou wel ȝerne sohtes [MS sohtest]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 1589 (MED) His owne hondiwerke so soone Wolde he not hit were fordone. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xviii[i]. 1 The very heauens declare the glory off God, and the very firmament sheweth his handye worke. 1565 J. Cancellar Alphabet of Prayers sig. A.vii^v Cause mee thy Creature and handy-worke therefore (O Lorde) diligentlye to keepe thy Commaundementes. 1635 F. Quarles Emblemes iii. x. 162 I am thy handy-worke, thy creature, Lord. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 126 The Pagans heretofore Did their own Handyworks adore. 1710 E. Ward Life Don Quixote i. ii. 26 Resolv'd by stitching and by pasting, To make his Handy-work more lasting. 1796 W. Thomson Lett. from Scand. II. App. i. 449 The ingenuity of the subjects of Denmark too is displayed in the handiwork of Norwegian peasants. 1861 F. Metcalfe Oxonian Iceland xvi. 238 One of Gretti's handiworks, a rhomboidical stone, some six feet long by five feet broad. 1893 Q. Rev. July 200 Specimens of their handiwork in tooled morocco. 1974 Texas Monthly May 102/2 Local artists..display their year's handiworks in this prestigious sale. 1993 B. Richardson Bachelor Brothers Bed & Breakfast i. 9 The numerals were smudged by our cat..when she tromped across our handiwork. 2. Chiefly with possessive adjective or genitive. a. Work done by a person's hands or by direct personal agency; the manual or creative work of a person, period of time, area, etc.In quot. 1658: spec. the work of human agency as opposed to nature. In quot. 1674 in plural in same sense. ΚΠ OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) ix. 15 For þam byð Drihten [cuð] on his rihtum domum, and on his handgeweorce [L. in operibus manuum suarum] byð gefangen se synfulla. OE Note on Old Test. Figures (Tiber. A.iii) in Anglia (1889) 11 1 For þon þe he [sc. Adam] of þære eorðan selfre unmængedre ær gesceapen wæs & gehiwad þurh godes handgeweorc. a1225 ( Rule St. Benet (Winteney) (1888) xlviii. 97 (heading) Be ælces daȝes handȝeweorce [L. de opere manuum cotidiano]. 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Lv^v An Image, whiche is an artificiall thyng, is made by the handy worke of man. a1569 M. Coverdale Fruitful Lessons (1593) sig. Cc3 They..vndertake to get their owne lyuing with their handy worke. a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1655) 483 All such Wares as are either of the growth or handy-work of either of the said Realms. 1658 T. Bromhall Treat. Specters v. 327 The cave..seemed as if it had been made by handywork. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 67 The shapes of nature being of another kind of make than those of handy-works. 1730 W. Forbes Inst. Law Scotl. II. i. iv. viii. 129 A Painter who maintains a numerous Family with his Handy-work. 1789 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (new ed.) XII. lxx. 86 Twenty young maids..presented Monmouth with a pair of colors of their handiwork. 1820 W. Hazlitt Lect. Dramatic Lit. 2 What they performed was chiefly nature's handy-work. 1866 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 264/1 Beautiful intaglios, in which we recognise a finish and an execution able to vie with the handiwork of the best age of imperial Rome. 1890 C. Gross Gild Merchant I. 107 He..sold the products of his handiwork in his shop. 1911 M. Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson v. 67 You found no trace of their handiwork in the meal you have just had with me? a1969 J. K. Toole Confederacy of Dunces (1981) v. 94 Looking happily about, Mr. Gonzalez noticed the results of Mr. Reilly's handiwork in the office. 2010 Church Times 23 July 40/3 No more exclamations at the marvels of Suffolk handiwork as we Pevsnered our way through sacred interiors. b. Work of any kind; doing, performance; achievement. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > [noun] workingOE executionc1374 performinga1425 expedition1445 executing1480 administration1483 performancec1487 performation1504 handiworka1513 performent1527 dispatchment1529 depeaching1540 exploit1548 depeach?a1562 dispatchinga1564 dispatch1581 acting1598 outbearing1605 peraction1623 expediting1643 implement1754 solutiona1859 out-carrying1869 actuation1875 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxvii. f. lxiiii/1 When this was knowen to the kynge, he consydered well it was the handy-werke of god. ?1566 W. P. tr. C. S. Curio Pasquine in Traunce f. 92 So haue these marked Monsters deuised their Purgatory, and then they say, that the remedy thereof is their Masses, their almesse, their prayers, and Pilgrimages, as a man may see in the decree of their owne handyworke. 1624 T. Scott Belgick Souldier sig. C4^v He went away affrighted at his owne handiworke, and cursing the motives and setters on of his presumption. 1721 tr. Arabian Nights Entertainm. VIII. 150 What a Joy will it be to her to be inform'd, that my Victory is your Handy-work. 1745 Just Hist. Sea-fight in Mediterranean 84 The Poder burnt about an Hour, and at Night blew up in Sight of both Fleets, each imagining the Action to be their own handy Work. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxix. 160 That was your handiwork, Giles, I understand. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §5. 510 The Liturgy and Canons had been Laud's own handiwork. 1922 P. Lake & R. H. Rastall Textbk. Geol. (ed. 3) xi. 182 The rise of the water-level conceals the handiwork of the sea at lower levels. 1984 C. D. Lowery James Barbour ii. 19 The Federalist program, he exclaimed, was the handiwork of extremists and liberticides. 2001 M. T. Dudman Augusta, Gone vii. 69 I was rather pleased with my handiwork. The careful plan of my escape. 3. Working with the hands; (esp. skilled) manual labour; a manual occupation or trade. Cf. handwork n.Sometimes as distinguished from intellectual work, or work done by or with machinery. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > manual work handcraftOE craftworkOE handworkOE manual labour?1406 handworking?a1425 manoeuvre1479 hand labour1517 handiwork1525 handicrafta1535 manuary1581 mechanic1605 manufacture1625 arm labour1677 mechanics1726 hag1797 hag-work1841 1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. Prol. sig. Aij/1 For y^e loue & comforte of all them that entende to studye the noble arte of Chyrurgia, y^e whiche is called the handyworke of Surgery. 1565 J. Hall Hist. Expost. in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. sig. Eeeij Chirurgery is Operatio Manualis, that is handye worke. Wherefore..call it the handye worke of medicine. 1621 Knolles's Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 3) 1326 The Estates..haue raised handiworks as well as traffike and nauigation to the highest point of perfection. 1669 A. Woodhead tr. Life St. Teresa (1671) ii. vii. 55 She accounted Handy-work a great means of advancing, and perfecting her Religions. 1703 Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) Pref. 2 To what purpose would Geometry serve, were it not to contrive Rules for Handy-Works [1678 not to teach Handicrafts]? 1714 Ladies Libr. I. 30 Our late Sovereign Queen Mary..was always employing her leisure Hours in some Handy-work of Use and Convenience. 1782 Syst. Morality to Syllabus 25 May they who cultivate the earth ever consider their business not to be mere handiwork, but to depend greatly on the knowledge of various matters. 1837 T. Carlyle in London & Westm. Rev. Jan. 391 To do hodwork and even skilful handiwork. 1866 J. Brown John Leech in Horæ Subs. 1st Ser. Pref. (note) We wish we saw more time, and more handiwork, more mind spent upon anatomy and surgery. 1908 Public Libr. May 230/1 It was a question whether the library should be turned over to the arts and crafts as a handiwork or left in the category of that which is but done by a certain amount of machinery. 1975 P. Vergo Art in Vienna 1898–1918 iii. 132 For the most part, handiwork has been ousted by the machine, the manual worker by the businessman. 2010 National Jrnl. (Nexis) 3 Dec. Most of this surplus is presumed to be in..easily portable brainwork (architectural blueprints, for instance) rather than fixed-location handiwork (such as computer repair or massage therapy). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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