grovelv.

/ˈɡrɒv(ə)l/

Forms: Also 1500s grovell.

Etymology: Back-formation < grovelling adv., apprehended as a present participle.

a. intransitive. To lie prone or with the face downwards; to move with the body prostrate upon the ground; to grovel in the dust or dirt (figurative): to humble oneself, perform an act of humiliation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (intransitive)] > prostrate or face down

grovela1616

nuddle1631

the mind > emotion > humility > self-abasement > humble oneself [verb (intransitive)]

to eat one's words1571

humblea1592

to eat (any one's) toads1815

to eat humble pie1830

to grovel in the dust or dirt1865

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) i. ii. 9 Gaze on, and grouell on thy face.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 8 They ceremoniously kneele and bow vnto [idols], groueling then vpon the Earth, they throw dust on their faces.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 141 Old Warriors turn'd Thir plated backs under his heel; Or grovling soild thir crested helmets in the dust.

1700 J. Addison Milton's Stile Imitated iii, in Misc. Wks. (1726) I. 58 Thunder-struck Enceladus Groveling beneath the incumbent mountain's weight Lyes stretch'd supine.

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. viii. 575 Close to his breast she grovels on the ground.

1839 Tennyson in Mem. (1897) I. 171 She was grovelling on the floor in an extremity of fear.

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. xiv. 125 Am I to grovel in the dust for him to walk over?

1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. liii. 105 She is not such a paragon that a man should condescend to grovel in the dirt for her.

1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 211 The Parliament..grovelled in the dust at the Cardinal's feet.

b. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > servility > be servile [verb (intransitive)]

fawnc1325

crouch1528

jouk1573

crawl1576

creep1581

spaniel1599

grovel1605

spanielize1641

cringec1660

to lick the ground1667

truckle1680

to kiss (a person's) arse, behind, bum1705

toad-eat1766

snool1786

to eat (any one's) toads1788

kowtow1826

sidle1828

toady1861

to knock head1876

ass-lick1937

1605 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes I. §33 Euery worldling is an hypocrite, for while his face naturally lookes vpward..his hart grouels beneath on the earth.

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxix. 277 Through surfeiting we live groveling and groping after base delights, as Hoggs do for Acornes.

1707 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs ii. 109 Look, how we grovel here below.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 147. ⁋9 A wretch doomed to grovel in obscurity for want of assurance.

1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. viii. 272 The vindictive Laud grovelled in a meaner and more cruel victory.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 280 The philosophy of Berkeley..is still grovelling on the level of sense.

c. quasi-transitive with out.

ΚΠ

1790 By-stander 7 If neglected, they grovel out their day, and vanish at night like a vapour.

2. causal. To lay prone on the ground. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (transitive)] > prone on the ground

grovel1843

1843 E. Jones Stud. Sensation & Event 25 [He] grovelleth on the ground His naked flesh.

Derivatives

ˈgrovel n. the action of grovelling.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [noun]

fawninga1350

submission?a1439

overlowness1496

servility1573

servilenessa1594

obsequency1595

obsequiousness1613

cringing1617

slavishnessa1620

vernility1623

servulating1637

suppleness1638

sneakinga1657

subserviency1669

fawningness1672

subservience1680

cringingness1695

truckling1820

obsequience1830

flunkeyism1831

servilism1831

spanielship1832

toadyism1840

flunkeydom1850

oleaginousness1853

vassalism1854

toadying1863

grovel1892

obsequity1892

crawlsomeness1900

serfishness1906

oleosity?1920

ass-kissing1936

1892 Black & White 19 Mar. 366/1 The only possible attitude is a grovel.

ˈgrovelled adj. humiliated, debased.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > [adjective]

dejectc1528

broken1535

abased1554

come1564

downfallen1575

snubbed1583

crestfallen1589

humiliate1593

plume-plucked1597

low-broughta1599

chop-fallen1604

chap-fallen1608

dejected1608

humbleda1616

unprided1628

diminished1667

mortified1710

small1771

humiliated1782

squelched1837

grovelleda1845

sat-upon1873

comedown1886

deflated1894

zapped1962

a1845 T. Hood Lamia i, in W. Jerdan Autobiogr. (1852) I. 254 If you could see How this poor figure once was marr'd and vilified, How grovell'd and debased.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	grovel
释义	grovelv. /ˈɡrɒv(ə)l/ Forms: Also 1500s grovell. Etymology: Back-formation < grovelling adv., apprehended as a present participle. 1. a. intransitive. To lie prone or with the face downwards; to move with the body prostrate upon the ground; to grovel in the dust or dirt (figurative): to humble oneself, perform an act of humiliation. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (intransitive)] > prostrate or face down grovela1616 nuddle1631 the mind > emotion > humility > self-abasement > humble oneself [verb (intransitive)] to eat one's words1571 humblea1592 to eat (any one's) toads1815 to eat humble pie1830 to grovel in the dust or dirt1865 a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) i. ii. 9 Gaze on, and grouell on thy face. View more context for this quotation 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 8 They ceremoniously kneele and bow vnto [idols], groueling then vpon the Earth, they throw dust on their faces. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 141 Old Warriors turn'd Thir plated backs under his heel; Or grovling soild thir crested helmets in the dust. View more context for this quotation 1700 J. Addison Milton's Stile Imitated iii, in Misc. Wks. (1726) I. 58 Thunder-struck Enceladus Groveling beneath the incumbent mountain's weight Lyes stretch'd supine. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. viii. 575 Close to his breast she grovels on the ground. 1839 Tennyson in Mem. (1897) I. 171 She was grovelling on the floor in an extremity of fear. 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. xiv. 125 Am I to grovel in the dust for him to walk over? 1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. liii. 105 She is not such a paragon that a man should condescend to grovel in the dirt for her. 1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 211 The Parliament..grovelled in the dust at the Cardinal's feet. b. figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > servility > be servile [verb (intransitive)] fawnc1325 crouch1528 jouk1573 crawl1576 creep1581 spaniel1599 grovel1605 spanielize1641 cringec1660 to lick the ground1667 truckle1680 to kiss (a person's) arse, behind, bum1705 toad-eat1766 snool1786 to eat (any one's) toads1788 kowtow1826 sidle1828 toady1861 to knock head1876 ass-lick1937 1605 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes I. §33 Euery worldling is an hypocrite, for while his face naturally lookes vpward..his hart grouels beneath on the earth. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxix. 277 Through surfeiting we live groveling and groping after base delights, as Hoggs do for Acornes. 1707 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs ii. 109 Look, how we grovel here below. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 147. ⁋9 A wretch doomed to grovel in obscurity for want of assurance. 1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. viii. 272 The vindictive Laud grovelled in a meaner and more cruel victory. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 280 The philosophy of Berkeley..is still grovelling on the level of sense. c. quasi-transitive with out. ΚΠ 1790 By-stander 7 If neglected, they grovel out their day, and vanish at night like a vapour. 2. causal. To lay prone on the ground. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (transitive)] > prone on the ground grovel1843 1843 E. Jones Stud. Sensation & Event 25 [He] grovelleth on the ground His naked flesh. Derivatives ˈgrovel n. the action of grovelling. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [noun] fawninga1350 submission?a1439 overlowness1496 servility1573 servilenessa1594 obsequency1595 obsequiousness1613 cringing1617 slavishnessa1620 vernility1623 servulating1637 suppleness1638 sneakinga1657 subserviency1669 fawningness1672 subservience1680 cringingness1695 truckling1820 obsequience1830 flunkeyism1831 servilism1831 spanielship1832 toadyism1840 flunkeydom1850 oleaginousness1853 vassalism1854 toadying1863 grovel1892 obsequity1892 crawlsomeness1900 serfishness1906 oleosity?1920 ass-kissing1936 1892 Black & White 19 Mar. 366/1 The only possible attitude is a grovel. ˈgrovelled adj. humiliated, debased. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > [adjective] dejectc1528 broken1535 abased1554 come1564 downfallen1575 snubbed1583 crestfallen1589 humiliate1593 plume-plucked1597 low-broughta1599 chop-fallen1604 chap-fallen1608 dejected1608 humbleda1616 unprided1628 diminished1667 mortified1710 small1771 humiliated1782 squelched1837 grovelleda1845 sat-upon1873 comedown1886 deflated1894 zapped1962 a1845 T. Hood Lamia i, in W. Jerdan Autobiogr. (1852) I. 254 If you could see How this poor figure once was marr'd and vilified, How grovell'd and debased. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < v.1605
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