half-deadadj.

Brit.

/ˌhɑːfˈdɛd/, U.S.

/ˌhæfˈdɛd/

Forms: see half adv. and dead adj., n., and adv.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a word inherited from Germanic. Partly formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: half adv., dead adj.

Etymology: In early use cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch halfdoot (Dutch half doot ), Middle Low German halfdōt , Old High German halbtōt (Middle High German halptōt , German halbtot ), Old Icelandic hálfdauðr , Old Swedish halfdöþer (Swedish halv-död ), Old Danish halvdøth (Danish halvdød ), all in sense ‘close to death, barely alive’ < the Germanic base of half adj. (compare discussion at half adv.) + the Germanic base of dead adj. In later use partly re-formed < half adv. + dead adj. (compare especially sense 3).The early use designating a form of paralysis (compare sense 1a) does not appear to be paralleled in the other older Germanic languages.

a. Designating a form of paralysis that affects one side of the body (cf. hemiplegia n.). Chiefly in half-dead adle, half-dead disease. Cf. dead palsy n. Now historical or archaic.From the 19th cent. typically with reference or allusion to Old English use.In figurative context in quot. 1613.

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xxx. 228 Þonne becymð of þam yflum wætum, oððe sio healfdeade adl oþþe fyllewærc oððe sio hwite riefþo.

OE Leechbk. Fragm. (Harl.) (1865) ii. lix. 280 Wiþ þære healfdeadan adle..: seo adl cymð on þa swiðran healfe þæs lichoman oððe on þa wynstran, þær þa sina toslupað.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vi. x. 508 How great errors great schollers may fall into by want of that so-much-neglected studie of Geography, without which, History that delectable study is sicke of a halfe-dead palsie.

1764 W. Dodd Comfort for Afflicted iii. 150 Burning fever, half-dead palsy, full-gorg'd apoplexy, panting asthma.

1865 T. O. Cockayne Leechdoms, Wortcunning & Starcraft II. 281 For the half dead disease... The disease cometh on the right side of the body, or on the left, where the sinews are powerless.

1908 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 25 Apr. 1000 Hemiplegia was known as the ‘half-dead disease’, and was recognized as a disease of later life.

2011 I. Morson Falconer & Death of Kings 52 He had had a stroke and had been suffering from the half-dead disease for months.

b. Paralysed on one side (of the body or part of the body), hemiplegic; (more generally) partially paralysed.

1655 Natura Exenterata 319 You shall annoint the party afflected..throughly with ones warm hand, for the disease [sc. the Palsie] groweth of a could and tough flegme which doth stick in the muskles, and Nerves, which are not dried up, but with warmness, and by comforting the member which doth remaine halfe dead.

1680 J. Owen Immoderate Mourning for Dead 75 To see how the Palsy has mortified another, and struck him half dead.

1723 H. Baker Invocation Health 6 Unbrac'd her Nerves, or to support or guide Her shaking Limbs unable, totters on Palsy half-dead.

1812 J. Lovett Washington's Birth Day 18 (note) His body was one of that adamantine cast which death often attacks by halves; with paralytic shocks.—When half dead he was fond of riding on horseback.

1859 Church May 120 A paralytic stroke had killed half her body, and shrivelled up the left side of her person... With as much distinctness and emphasis as her half-dead lips could give, she replied.

1918 Evangelical Herald 8 Aug. 6/1 He rolled his half-dead body up to the old place to pass his hat.

2012 A. Backwords Surviving on Streets xvii. 134 Half her body is paralyzed now for the rest of her life. She calls herself ‘Quasimodo’ because of how she feels dragging her half-dead body all over town.

2. That is in a state in which death seems as likely as recovery; showing some of the signs of death; barely alive. Also hyperbolically: extremely exhausted or fatigued; very weak.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > dead person or the dead > [adjective] > half-dead

half-deadc1000

sam-dead1297

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective]

wearyc825

asadc1306

ateyntc1325

attaintc1325

recrayed1340

methefula1350

for-wearya1375

matea1375

taintc1380

heavy1382

fortireda1400

methefula1400

afoundered?a1425

tewedc1440

travailedc1440

wearisomec1460

fatigate1471

defatigatec1487

tired1488

recreant1490

yolden?1507

fulyeit?a1513

traiked?a1513

tavert1535

wearied1538

fatigated1552

awearya1555

forwearied1562

overtired1567

spenta1568

done1575

awearied1577

stank1579

languishinga1586

bankrupt?1589

fordone1590

spent1591

overwearied1592

overworn1592

outworn1597

half-dead1601

back-broken1603

tiry1611

defatigated1612

dog-wearya1616

overweary1617

exhaust1621

worn-out1639

embossed1651

outspent1652

exhausted1667

beaten1681

bejaded1687

harassed1693

jaded1693

lassate1694

defeata1732

beat out1758

fagged1764

dog-tired1770

fessive1773

done-up1784

forjeskit1786

ramfeezled1786

done-over1789

fatigued1791

forfoughten1794

worn-up1812

dead1813

out-burnta1821

prostrate1820

dead beat1822

told out1822

bone-tireda1825

traiky1825

overfatigued1834

outwearied1837

done like (a) dinner1838

magged1839

used up1839

tuckered outc1840

drained1855

floored1857

weariful1862

wappered1868

bushed1870

bezzled1875

dead-beaten1875

down1885

tucked up1891

ready (or fit) to drop1892

buggered-up1893

ground-down1897

played1897

veal-bled1899

stove-up1901

trachled1910

ragged1912

beat up1914

done in1917

whacked1919

washy1922

pooped1928

shattered1930

punchy1932

shagged1932

shot1939

whipped1940

buggered1942

flaked (out)1942

fucked1949

sold-out1958

wiped1958

burnt out1959

wrung out1962

juiced1965

hanging1971

zonked1972

maxed1978

raddled1978

zoned1980

cream crackered1983

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 81 For-whi hit seið alf quic and noht alf ded.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 4506 Nis he more þan half ded [a1400 Trin. Cambr. an half dedman] ylad in an bere.

c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 246 Oure lady felle adoun in swowne, half dede.

c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 143 (MED) So, half ded, half on lyue, þei left him.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 103 Half ded of þe dynt þer þe duk lay.

1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) II. 2152/2 He being hanged till he was halfe dead, was cut downe and stripped.

1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 117 Their horses halfe dead through trauell.

1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel iii. 77 My Spirits retiring as in those that are in a deep Sopor, as if they were half dead.

1705 Dialogue between Country-man & Landwart School-master 3 I..gave the other such a Thwack with my Ploot Staff, that he dropt his Durk and fell down half dead.

1770 H. St. John in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1844) III. 3 The servants were half dead with the soaking and fatigue.

1860 F. C. Armstrong Lion of War i. 4 ‘Carry him down, he's just dead from hunger and cold.’ Kate..did take up the half dead child.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Grandmother ix, in Enoch Arden, etc. 118 And all things look'd half-dead, tho' it was the middle of May.

1959 J. Thompson Getaway v. 24 The banker lay sprawled on the floor, half-dead from Rudy's pistol-whipping.

1977 J. le Carré Honourable Schoolboy i. iii. 57 Smiley conducted his own dark peregrinations and marched till he was half dead with tiredness.

2010 J. Kirk Kingdom under Glass 327 The porters given the task of carrying the half-dead white man.

3. Watchmaking and Clockmaking. Of the escapement of a clock or watch: operating with little recoil. Of a projection transmitting motion from an escapement to a pendulum or balance wheel (see pallet n.³ 2): conveying a slight recoil. Cf. dead adj. 24b.Reducing recoil in an escapement generally improves the accuracy of a timepiece.

ΚΠ

1850 E. B. Denison Rudimentary Treat. Clock & Watch Making i. xxxviii. 59 This is commonly called the half-dead escapement.

1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 95 For clocks with shorter than half seconds pendulums the pallets are generally made ‘half dead’, that is the rests..are formed so as to give a slight recoil to the wheel.

1921 Jewelers' Circular 23 Feb. 127/1 The half-dead escapement is often used in good house clocks with half-seconds pendulums.

1996 NAWCC Bull. (U.S. National Assoc. of Watch & Clock Collectors) Aug. 445/1 The curved sides of the replaceable steel deadbeat pallets are shaped to give a slight recoil, resulting in a half-dead escapement.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022).

单词	half-dead
释义	half-deadadj. Brit. /ˌhɑːfˈdɛd/, U.S. /ˌhæfˈdɛd/ Forms: see half adv. and dead adj., n., and adv. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a word inherited from Germanic. Partly formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: half adv., dead adj. Etymology: In early use cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch halfdoot (Dutch half doot ), Middle Low German halfdōt , Old High German halbtōt (Middle High German halptōt , German halbtot ), Old Icelandic hálfdauðr , Old Swedish halfdöþer (Swedish halv-död ), Old Danish halvdøth (Danish halvdød ), all in sense ‘close to death, barely alive’ < the Germanic base of half adj. (compare discussion at half adv.) + the Germanic base of dead adj. In later use partly re-formed < half adv. + dead adj. (compare especially sense 3).The early use designating a form of paralysis (compare sense 1a) does not appear to be paralleled in the other older Germanic languages. 1. a. Designating a form of paralysis that affects one side of the body (cf. hemiplegia n.). Chiefly in half-dead adle, half-dead disease. Cf. dead palsy n. Now historical or archaic.From the 19th cent. typically with reference or allusion to Old English use.In figurative context in quot. 1613. Π eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xxx. 228 Þonne becymð of þam yflum wætum, oððe sio healfdeade adl oþþe fyllewærc oððe sio hwite riefþo. OE Leechbk. Fragm. (Harl.) (1865) ii. lix. 280 Wiþ þære healfdeadan adle..: seo adl cymð on þa swiðran healfe þæs lichoman oððe on þa wynstran, þær þa sina toslupað. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vi. x. 508 How great errors great schollers may fall into by want of that so-much-neglected studie of Geography, without which, History that delectable study is sicke of a halfe-dead palsie. 1764 W. Dodd Comfort for Afflicted iii. 150 Burning fever, half-dead palsy, full-gorg'd apoplexy, panting asthma. 1865 T. O. Cockayne Leechdoms, Wortcunning & Starcraft II. 281 For the half dead disease... The disease cometh on the right side of the body, or on the left, where the sinews are powerless. 1908 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 25 Apr. 1000 Hemiplegia was known as the ‘half-dead disease’, and was recognized as a disease of later life. 2011 I. Morson Falconer & Death of Kings 52 He had had a stroke and had been suffering from the half-dead disease for months. b. Paralysed on one side (of the body or part of the body), hemiplegic; (more generally) partially paralysed. Π 1655 Natura Exenterata 319 You shall annoint the party afflected..throughly with ones warm hand, for the disease [sc. the Palsie] groweth of a could and tough flegme which doth stick in the muskles, and Nerves, which are not dried up, but with warmness, and by comforting the member which doth remaine halfe dead. 1680 J. Owen Immoderate Mourning for Dead 75 To see how the Palsy has mortified another, and struck him half dead. 1723 H. Baker Invocation Health 6 Unbrac'd her Nerves, or to support or guide Her shaking Limbs unable, totters on Palsy half-dead. 1812 J. Lovett Washington's Birth Day 18 (note) His body was one of that adamantine cast which death often attacks by halves; with paralytic shocks.—When half dead he was fond of riding on horseback. 1859 Church May 120 A paralytic stroke had killed half her body, and shrivelled up the left side of her person... With as much distinctness and emphasis as her half-dead lips could give, she replied. 1918 Evangelical Herald 8 Aug. 6/1 He rolled his half-dead body up to the old place to pass his hat. 2012 A. Backwords Surviving on Streets xvii. 134 Half her body is paralyzed now for the rest of her life. She calls herself ‘Quasimodo’ because of how she feels dragging her half-dead body all over town. 2. That is in a state in which death seems as likely as recovery; showing some of the signs of death; barely alive. Also hyperbolically: extremely exhausted or fatigued; very weak. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > dead person or the dead > [adjective] > half-dead half-deadc1000 sam-dead1297 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective] wearyc825 asadc1306 ateyntc1325 attaintc1325 recrayed1340 methefula1350 for-wearya1375 matea1375 taintc1380 heavy1382 fortireda1400 methefula1400 afoundered?a1425 tewedc1440 travailedc1440 wearisomec1460 fatigate1471 defatigatec1487 tired1488 recreant1490 yolden?1507 fulyeit?a1513 traiked?a1513 tavert1535 wearied1538 fatigated1552 awearya1555 forwearied1562 overtired1567 spenta1568 done1575 awearied1577 stank1579 languishinga1586 bankrupt?1589 fordone1590 spent1591 overwearied1592 overworn1592 outworn1597 half-dead1601 back-broken1603 tiry1611 defatigated1612 dog-wearya1616 overweary1617 exhaust1621 worn-out1639 embossed1651 outspent1652 exhausted1667 beaten1681 bejaded1687 harassed1693 jaded1693 lassate1694 defeata1732 beat out1758 fagged1764 dog-tired1770 fessive1773 done-up1784 forjeskit1786 ramfeezled1786 done-over1789 fatigued1791 forfoughten1794 worn-up1812 dead1813 out-burnta1821 prostrate1820 dead beat1822 told out1822 bone-tireda1825 traiky1825 overfatigued1834 outwearied1837 done like (a) dinner1838 magged1839 used up1839 tuckered outc1840 drained1855 floored1857 weariful1862 wappered1868 bushed1870 bezzled1875 dead-beaten1875 down1885 tucked up1891 ready (or fit) to drop1892 buggered-up1893 ground-down1897 played1897 veal-bled1899 stove-up1901 trachled1910 ragged1912 beat up1914 done in1917 whacked1919 washy1922 pooped1928 shattered1930 punchy1932 shagged1932 shot1939 whipped1940 buggered1942 flaked (out)1942 fucked1949 sold-out1958 wiped1958 burnt out1959 wrung out1962 juiced1965 hanging1971 zonked1972 maxed1978 raddled1978 zoned1980 cream crackered1983 a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 81 For-whi hit seið alf quic and noht alf ded. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 4506 Nis he more þan half ded [a1400 Trin. Cambr. an half dedman] ylad in an bere. c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 246 Oure lady felle adoun in swowne, half dede. c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 143 (MED) So, half ded, half on lyue, þei left him. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 103 Half ded of þe dynt þer þe duk lay. 1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) II. 2152/2 He being hanged till he was halfe dead, was cut downe and stripped. 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 117 Their horses halfe dead through trauell. 1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel iii. 77 My Spirits retiring as in those that are in a deep Sopor, as if they were half dead. 1705 Dialogue between Country-man & Landwart School-master 3 I..gave the other such a Thwack with my Ploot Staff, that he dropt his Durk and fell down half dead. 1770 H. St. John in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1844) III. 3 The servants were half dead with the soaking and fatigue. 1860 F. C. Armstrong Lion of War i. 4 ‘Carry him down, he's just dead from hunger and cold.’ Kate..did take up the half dead child. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Grandmother ix, in Enoch Arden, etc. 118 And all things look'd half-dead, tho' it was the middle of May. 1959 J. Thompson Getaway v. 24 The banker lay sprawled on the floor, half-dead from Rudy's pistol-whipping. 1977 J. le Carré Honourable Schoolboy i. iii. 57 Smiley conducted his own dark peregrinations and marched till he was half dead with tiredness. 2010 J. Kirk Kingdom under Glass 327 The porters given the task of carrying the half-dead white man. 3. Watchmaking and Clockmaking. Of the escapement of a clock or watch: operating with little recoil. Of a projection transmitting motion from an escapement to a pendulum or balance wheel (see pallet n.³ 2): conveying a slight recoil. Cf. dead adj. 24b.Reducing recoil in an escapement generally improves the accuracy of a timepiece. ΚΠ 1850 E. B. Denison Rudimentary Treat. Clock & Watch Making i. xxxviii. 59 This is commonly called the half-dead escapement. 1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 95 For clocks with shorter than half seconds pendulums the pallets are generally made ‘half dead’, that is the rests..are formed so as to give a slight recoil to the wheel. 1921 Jewelers' Circular 23 Feb. 127/1 The half-dead escapement is often used in good house clocks with half-seconds pendulums. 1996 NAWCC Bull. (U.S. National Assoc. of Watch & Clock Collectors) Aug. 445/1 The curved sides of the replaceable steel deadbeat pallets are shaped to give a slight recoil, resulting in a half-dead escapement. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022). < adj.eOE
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