groupern.¹

Brit.

/ˈɡruːpə/, U.S.

/ˈɡrupər/

Forms:

α. 1600s–1800s grooper, 1600s– groper (now chiefly Australian and New Zealand), 1600s– grouper, 1800s– gruper.

β. 1800s garoupha, 1800s garroupa, 1800s– garope, 1800s– garoupa, 1800s– garrupa, 1800s– garupa, 1900s– garouper.

Origin: A borrowing from Portuguese. Etymon: Portuguese garoupa.

Etymology: < Portuguese garoupa (1519), of uncertain and disputed origin; a borrowing from a South American Indian language has been suggested. With use in California compare American Spanish (Mexico, southern California) garopa (second half of the 19th cent. or earlier, also specifically denoting the rockfish (1913 or earlier)), although this may be < English.Senses 2 and 3 show extended use to denote other fishes that resemble the true groupers (sense 1). The suggested derivation < grope v. in quot. 1874 at sense 2b probably reflects a folk etymology.

1. Any of numerous serranid fishes, esp. of the genera Epinephelus, Mycteroperca, and other genera of the subfamily Epinephelinae, characterized by a heavily built body and a large mouth.In Australian usage usually in form groper, referring chiefly to E. lanceolatus (more fully giant grouper or Queensland groper).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of genus Epinephelus (grouper)

rockfish1605

grouper1615

jewfish1679

mero1763

red grouper1822

kingklip1834

coney1884

redbelly1890

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of Oligorus or Plectroplites (Murray perch)

grouper1615

butterfish1673

yellowbelly1775

Murray perch1880

callop1907

1615 L. Hughes Let. from Summer Ilands sig. B^v And for victuals, if men haue boates, nets, lines, hookes, and striking irons, they may haue good fish at all times; as Rockfish, Angell-fish, Hogge-fish.., Groopers, Cauallies [etc.].

1687 R. Blome Isles & Territories in Amer. 250 Here is great plenty of excellent Fish; as the Groper.

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World iv. 91 The Rock-fish is called by Sea-men a Grooper... It is rounder than the Snapper, of a dark brown colour.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. i. 125 We caught..cavallies, gropers, large breams [at Juan Fernandez].

1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida App. 7 At this place there is vast abundance and variety of fish..particularly groopers.

1789 W. Tench Narr. Exped. Botany Bay 129 A species of grouper, to which, from the form of a bone in the head resembling a helmet, we have given the name of a light horseman.

1833 W. H. Breton Excursions New S. Wales iii. 160 Fish are plentiful, and the most abundant are snappers, trumpeters, salmon, king-fish, gropers, &c. &c.

1883 G. B. Goode Rev. Fishery Industries U.S. 21 On the shoals of the Gulf of Mexico the red snapper and grouper fisheries are yearly increasing in value.

1897 Outing 29 231/2 The grouper, or ‘gruper’, or ‘garoupha’.

1903 Bruce (N.Z.) Herald 21 Apr. Possibly the most voracious fish they have to deal with are the groupers and morays.

1933 W. H. Chute Guide John G. Shedd Aquarium 100 The flesh of this handsome grouper [sc. Mycteroperca venenosa] is sometimes poisonous.

1936 T. C. Roughley Wonders Great Barrier Reef 246 A near relative of the Queensland groper..is the black rock cod which grows to..about a hundred pounds.

1947 I. L. Idriess Isles of Despair xxxv. 234 She was right. For a giant groper is known to have bitten a man in half.

1960 Billboard 28 Mar. 75/3 Lawrence Tamargo caught a 61-pound grouper from his boat at Rock Harbor Keyes, Fla.

1986 L. J. Paul N.Z. Fishes 84 Spotted black groper Epinephalus daemelii. Widespread in the Indo-Pacific region.

2011 Sarasota Herald Tribune (Florida) (Nexis) 6 Apr. e4 The restaurant added Florida shrimp and grouper back to its menu recently.

2. Australian and New Zealand (usually in form groper).

a. Either of two wreckfishes of the genus Polyprion (family Polyprionidae): the hapuku, P. oxygeneios, and (more fully bass groper) P. moene.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of genus Polyprion (stone-bass)

hapuku1820

stone-bass1823

grouper1843

wreck-fish1880

1843 N.Z. Jrnl. 4 263 The fish, which at Port Nicholson is known by the name of habooka, but which is called groper to the southward.

1878 P. Thomson in Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1878 (1879) 11 383 The Hapuku, or Groper, was in pretty regular supply.

1913 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1912 45 215 The fishermen who go out to the 100–150-fathom water off this coast frequently catch..a huge groper, which they call ‘bass groper’, and which seems to be specifically distinct from the ordinary hapuka.

1957 A. W. Parrott Sea Angler's Fishes N.Z. 69 The Groper or Hapuka is well known throughout New Zealand.

1965 Austral. Encycl. IV. 396/1 Groper, a name applied in Australia to several distinct types of fish, including..the New Zealand groper (Polyprionum oxygeneios).

1986 L. J. Paul N.Z. Fishes 83 Bass... Sometimes (and correctly) called bass groper.

b. In full blue groper. Either of two fishes of the genus Achoerodus (family Labridae).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Labrioidei (wrasse) > [noun] > family Labridae > cossyphus gouldii (blue groper)

blue groper1853

1853 Empire (Sydney) 26 Nov. A splendid fish called the blue-groper, weighing 45lbs.; this is a great delicacy.

1874 New S. Wales Rep. Royal Comm. Fisheries (1880) 16 The gruper..popularly called in this country blue or black groper—no doubt from the fact of these fishes groping in and out of the caverns and crevices of rocks in search of crustaceae.

1914 Ashburton (N.Z.) Guardian 26 Aug. 4/3 There were caves full of carp and blue groper.

1965 Austral. Encycl. IV. 396/1 Groper, a name applied in Australia to several distinct types of fish, including the southern gropers (Achoerodus), which are discussed under wrasses.

2011 Port Lincoln (Austral.) Times (Nexis) 15 Mar. 15 Chris Tostanzo is shown holding a plump blue groper he caught deep in Thorny Passage.

3. U.S. regional.

a. The tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis (family Lobotidae), of the Atlantic coast. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > member of family Lobotidae (triple tail)

triple tail1803

grouper1884

1884 Fisheries & Fishery Industries, Plates (U.S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries) Pl. 175 (caption) The triple-tail or black grouper.

1911 Fisheries of U.S. 1908 (U.S. Dept. Commerce & Labor) App. C. 317/2 Triple-tail. (Lobotes surinamensis).—A food fish, found on the Atlantic coast as far north as Cape Cod, abundant South. It is known..on the St. Johns River as ‘grouper’.

b. Any of several rockfishes of the genus Sebastes (family Sebastidae), of the Pacific coast; esp. the Bocaccio rockfish, S. paucispinis. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > miscellaneous types of

stone-fish1668

grouper1884

velvet fish1898

zebrafish1927

1884 D. S. Jordan in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 262 These fishes are universally known by the names of Rockfish and Rockcod... In the southern part of California, the name ‘Garrupa’ or ‘Grouper’ is in common use, especially for the olivaceous species.

1928 Jrnl. Pan-Pacific Res. Inst. 3 13 The rock-cods... Sebastodes paucispinis..Bocaccio; grouper.

1948 P. M. Roedel Common Marine Fishes Calif. in Calif. Fish & Game Comm. Bull. No. 68. 95 Boccacio..Sebastodes paucispinis... Unauthorized names: Rock cod, grouper, salmon grouper.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	grouper
释义	groupern.¹ Brit. /ˈɡruːpə/, U.S. /ˈɡrupər/ Forms: α. 1600s–1800s grooper, 1600s– groper (now chiefly Australian and New Zealand), 1600s– grouper, 1800s– gruper. β. 1800s garoupha, 1800s garroupa, 1800s– garope, 1800s– garoupa, 1800s– garrupa, 1800s– garupa, 1900s– garouper. Origin: A borrowing from Portuguese. Etymon: Portuguese garoupa. Etymology: < Portuguese garoupa (1519), of uncertain and disputed origin; a borrowing from a South American Indian language has been suggested. With use in California compare American Spanish (Mexico, southern California) garopa (second half of the 19th cent. or earlier, also specifically denoting the rockfish (1913 or earlier)), although this may be < English.Senses 2 and 3 show extended use to denote other fishes that resemble the true groupers (sense 1). The suggested derivation < grope v. in quot. 1874 at sense 2b probably reflects a folk etymology. 1. Any of numerous serranid fishes, esp. of the genera Epinephelus, Mycteroperca, and other genera of the subfamily Epinephelinae, characterized by a heavily built body and a large mouth.In Australian usage usually in form groper, referring chiefly to E. lanceolatus (more fully giant grouper or Queensland groper). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of genus Epinephelus (grouper) rockfish1605 grouper1615 jewfish1679 mero1763 red grouper1822 kingklip1834 coney1884 redbelly1890 the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of Oligorus or Plectroplites (Murray perch) grouper1615 butterfish1673 yellowbelly1775 Murray perch1880 callop1907 1615 L. Hughes Let. from Summer Ilands sig. B^v And for victuals, if men haue boates, nets, lines, hookes, and striking irons, they may haue good fish at all times; as Rockfish, Angell-fish, Hogge-fish.., Groopers, Cauallies [etc.]. 1687 R. Blome Isles & Territories in Amer. 250 Here is great plenty of excellent Fish; as the Groper. 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World iv. 91 The Rock-fish is called by Sea-men a Grooper... It is rounder than the Snapper, of a dark brown colour. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. i. 125 We caught..cavallies, gropers, large breams [at Juan Fernandez]. 1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida App. 7 At this place there is vast abundance and variety of fish..particularly groopers. 1789 W. Tench Narr. Exped. Botany Bay 129 A species of grouper, to which, from the form of a bone in the head resembling a helmet, we have given the name of a light horseman. 1833 W. H. Breton Excursions New S. Wales iii. 160 Fish are plentiful, and the most abundant are snappers, trumpeters, salmon, king-fish, gropers, &c. &c. 1883 G. B. Goode Rev. Fishery Industries U.S. 21 On the shoals of the Gulf of Mexico the red snapper and grouper fisheries are yearly increasing in value. 1897 Outing 29 231/2 The grouper, or ‘gruper’, or ‘garoupha’. 1903 Bruce (N.Z.) Herald 21 Apr. Possibly the most voracious fish they have to deal with are the groupers and morays. 1933 W. H. Chute Guide John G. Shedd Aquarium 100 The flesh of this handsome grouper [sc. Mycteroperca venenosa] is sometimes poisonous. 1936 T. C. Roughley Wonders Great Barrier Reef 246 A near relative of the Queensland groper..is the black rock cod which grows to..about a hundred pounds. 1947 I. L. Idriess Isles of Despair xxxv. 234 She was right. For a giant groper is known to have bitten a man in half. 1960 Billboard 28 Mar. 75/3 Lawrence Tamargo caught a 61-pound grouper from his boat at Rock Harbor Keyes, Fla. 1986 L. J. Paul N.Z. Fishes 84 Spotted black groper Epinephalus daemelii. Widespread in the Indo-Pacific region. 2011 Sarasota Herald Tribune (Florida) (Nexis) 6 Apr. e4 The restaurant added Florida shrimp and grouper back to its menu recently. 2. Australian and New Zealand (usually in form groper). a. Either of two wreckfishes of the genus Polyprion (family Polyprionidae): the hapuku, P. oxygeneios, and (more fully bass groper) P. moene. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of genus Polyprion (stone-bass) hapuku1820 stone-bass1823 grouper1843 wreck-fish1880 1843 N.Z. Jrnl. 4 263 The fish, which at Port Nicholson is known by the name of habooka, but which is called groper to the southward. 1878 P. Thomson in Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1878 (1879) 11 383 The Hapuku, or Groper, was in pretty regular supply. 1913 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1912 45 215 The fishermen who go out to the 100–150-fathom water off this coast frequently catch..a huge groper, which they call ‘bass groper’, and which seems to be specifically distinct from the ordinary hapuka. 1957 A. W. Parrott Sea Angler's Fishes N.Z. 69 The Groper or Hapuka is well known throughout New Zealand. 1965 Austral. Encycl. IV. 396/1 Groper, a name applied in Australia to several distinct types of fish, including..the New Zealand groper (Polyprionum oxygeneios). 1986 L. J. Paul N.Z. Fishes 83 Bass... Sometimes (and correctly) called bass groper. b. In full blue groper. Either of two fishes of the genus Achoerodus (family Labridae). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Labrioidei (wrasse) > [noun] > family Labridae > cossyphus gouldii (blue groper) blue groper1853 1853 Empire (Sydney) 26 Nov. A splendid fish called the blue-groper, weighing 45lbs.; this is a great delicacy. 1874 New S. Wales Rep. Royal Comm. Fisheries (1880) 16 The gruper..popularly called in this country blue or black groper—no doubt from the fact of these fishes groping in and out of the caverns and crevices of rocks in search of crustaceae. 1914 Ashburton (N.Z.) Guardian 26 Aug. 4/3 There were caves full of carp and blue groper. 1965 Austral. Encycl. IV. 396/1 Groper, a name applied in Australia to several distinct types of fish, including the southern gropers (Achoerodus), which are discussed under wrasses. 2011 Port Lincoln (Austral.) Times (Nexis) 15 Mar. 15 Chris Tostanzo is shown holding a plump blue groper he caught deep in Thorny Passage. 3. U.S. regional. a. The tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis (family Lobotidae), of the Atlantic coast. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > member of family Lobotidae (triple tail) triple tail1803 grouper1884 1884 Fisheries & Fishery Industries, Plates (U.S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries) Pl. 175 (caption) The triple-tail or black grouper. 1911 Fisheries of U.S. 1908 (U.S. Dept. Commerce & Labor) App. C. 317/2 Triple-tail. (Lobotes surinamensis).—A food fish, found on the Atlantic coast as far north as Cape Cod, abundant South. It is known..on the St. Johns River as ‘grouper’. b. Any of several rockfishes of the genus Sebastes (family Sebastidae), of the Pacific coast; esp. the Bocaccio rockfish, S. paucispinis. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > miscellaneous types of stone-fish1668 grouper1884 velvet fish1898 zebrafish1927 1884 D. S. Jordan in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 262 These fishes are universally known by the names of Rockfish and Rockcod... In the southern part of California, the name ‘Garrupa’ or ‘Grouper’ is in common use, especially for the olivaceous species. 1928 Jrnl. Pan-Pacific Res. Inst. 3 13 The rock-cods... Sebastodes paucispinis..Bocaccio; grouper. 1948 P. M. Roedel Common Marine Fishes Calif. in Calif. Fish & Game Comm. Bull. No. 68. 95 Boccacio..Sebastodes paucispinis... Unauthorized names: Rock cod, grouper, salmon grouper. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Groupern.² Brit. /ˈɡruːpə/, U.S. /ˈɡrupər/ Forms: also with lower-case initial. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: Oxford Grouper n. at Oxford Group n. Derivatives. Etymology: Short for Oxford Grouper n. at Oxford Group n. Derivatives. Compare slightly earlier groupist n. 3. Now historical. A member of the Oxford Group Movement; = Oxford Grouper n. at Oxford Group n. Derivatives. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > other sects and movements > Buchmanism > [noun] > person Buchmanite1933 groupist1933 Grouper1934 Moral Rearmer1956 1934 R. Macaulay Going Abroad xxiv. 201 A cheerful company—the four Groupers. 1949 A. Wilson Wrong Set 19 I do believe you're trying to get me to ‘share’. And I never even guessed that you were a Grouper. 1979 E. Kurtz Not-God ii. 45 Each week a few additional Groupers received guidance that Bill Wilson should abandon his efforts with drunks. 2005 S. D. Govig R. Fangen iii. 46 He maintains that the Groupers had stimulated a national interest in Christian unity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1615n.²1934
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groupern.1

Groupern.2

groupern.¹

Groupern.²