groundworkn.

/ˈɡraʊndwəːk/

Etymology: Compare Middle Dutch gront-werck (Dutch grondwerk), German grundwerk.

a. The solid base on which an edifice or other structure is built; foundation. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests

staddlea900

groundc950

base?c1335

standinga1382

foundation1398

basingc1400

bottom1440

subjecta1500

groundworka1557

basis?a1560

pedestal1563

understand1580

footwork1611

centrea1616

underwork1624

skaddle1635

substructure1641

foot piece1657

pediment1660

seat1661

sedes1662

under-warp1668

plantationa1680

terrace1735

substructure1789

footing1791

seating1805

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s)

staddlea900

ground-stathelnessa1300

foundation1398

groundsel1433

ground-pinning1448

underpinning1538

groundworka1557

footing1611

substruction1624

under-filling1624

substructure1726

found1818

pinninga1825

well1832

soling1838

masonite1840

ground-statheling-

a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xxv. 34 Sins y^e groundworkes of y^e world weer laied.

1562 Bp. J. Pilkington Expos. Abdyas 49 Thei could not pearce the hard stones of the grounde worke, beinge so many, harde, depe, and stronge.

1591 E. Spenser tr. J. du Bellay Visions viii, in Complaints sig. Y3^v A riuer swift, whose fomy billowes Did wash the ground work of an old great wall.

1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. (new ed.) v. sig. K3 Like the falling noise of some great building when the ground-worke breakes.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 5 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors The Ground-work of it [Cyrus's Palace] is twenty two Geometrical feet in height.

1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 139 The first Course of the Ground-work.

1891 J. C. Atkinson Last of Giant-killers 96 They..had dug out the foundations, and got the ground~work laid.

b. figurative. The basis or foundation of something immaterial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun]

ground1340

root1340

substancec1384

fundament1395

foundationc1400

groundment?a1412

footing1440

anvila1450

bottom ground1557

groundwork1557

foot1559

platform1568

subsistence1586

subject matter1600

ground-colour1614

basisa1616

substratum1631

basement1637

bottoma1639

fonda1650

fibre1656

fund1671

fundamen1677

substruction1765

starting ground1802

fundus1839

1557 Bible (Whittingham) Ep. *iv The Lord Iesvs, which was the groundeworke and substance therof.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke ii. ii. 108 The groundworke and beginnings of medicine depend upon them.

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. §33. 243 God's promises are the most proper ground-worke of faith.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 62. ¶8 No Thought can be valuable, of which good Sense is not the Ground-work.

1774 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. App. 139 These..still form the basis or groundwork of the Common law.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. i. 9 Some things..I must recal to your memory, because..they afford the ground-work of my destiny.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) xiii. 433 A ground~work of historical and geographical fact.

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 61 The grand moral qualities which formed the groundwork of the Roman character.

†2. = ground plan n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > plan drawing

platform?1544

groundwork1574

ground-plota1586

projecture1610

profile1665

protraction1669

inspection1694

pantarch1694

plan view1847

stereogram1868

planform1937

1574 R. Scot Perfite Platf. of Hoppe Garden (1578) 48 The grounde worke hereof is so set out here, that anye Carpenter will easily frame the whole house by the same fygure.

a. The body or foundation on which other parts are overlaid, or on which they rest for display, as in embroidery work, painting, and the like.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > underlying layer > on which parts are overlaid for display

fonda1650

groundwork1658

1658 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 2nd Pt. 402 In needle-work, the sad ground-work is laid, before the beautiful colours.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 276 Cushions of flower'd Satin, the ground-work thereof Gold and Silver.

1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Metamorphoses i, in Examen Poeticum 15 A way there is, in Heavens expanded Plain, Which..Mortals, by the Name of Milky, know. The Ground-work is of Stars.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Ground-work, the base color on which the painting is performed.

1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 221 Where there was fine embroidery or other work the effect was spoilt by..common material for ground-work.

b. The principal ingredient in anything. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > constituent part or component > principal

ingredienta1616

groundwork1822

1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. May 405/2 There is a composition, the ground-work of which I have understood to be the sweet wood 'yclept sassafras.

†a. Working in earth. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > [noun]

earth-tilthOE

earth-tillingOE

tilling?c1225

delving1377

laboura1393

land-tillingc1420

culturec1450

tilthing1495

labouring1523

manurea1547

manuring1550

digging1552

cultivation1553

tilth1565

manurance1572

agriculture1583

nithering1599

culturation1606

gainor1607

delvage1610

agricolation1623

gainage1625

cultivage1632

manurementa1639

groundwork1655

fieldwork1656

proscission1656

field labour1661

manuragea1670

subduing1776

management1799

subjugation1800

geopony1808

clodhopping1847

agriculturism1885

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxi. 292 I permit unto true labourers and workmen to feed often..if their work be ground-work or very toilsome.

b. (See quot. 1875.)

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Ground-work, the preparation of ground for the foundation of a structure, or giving it the required contour for any other purpose.

5. Cricket. = ground-fielding n. at ground n. Compounds 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > fielding > [noun] > types of fielding

long-stopping1832

outfielding1851

pointing1863

ground-fielding1884

groundwork1898

outwork1899

glovework1906

slip-fielding1906

1898 K. S. Ranjitsinhji With Stoddart's Team (ed. 4) iv. 79 The catching of the team was far better than the ground work.

1905 Westm. Gaz. 19 Sept. 3/1 The ground~work was always splendid, and the throwing a joy to behold.

6. Boxing and Judo. Physical exercises performed by a sportsman whilst lying on the ground.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > training > [noun]

training1581

work1846

training session1850

overtraining1856

roadwork1856

cross-training1903

groundwork1906

sweat1916

repetition1919

repetition running1955

weight training1955

circuit training1957

interval running1957

interval training1962

repetition training1965

brick1996

1906 T. Miyake & Y. Tani Game of Ju-Jitsu (ed. 2) vi. 40 Ground-work cannot be described as systematically as standing work... Ju-jitsu ground-work is merely the proper use of the legs.

1948 D. S. Lister Boxing 24 Gymnasium training..consists of..top work, ground work and, of course, boxing.

1954 E. Dominy Teach Yourself Judo vii. 77 Groundwork ability is seldom related to the ability of the judoka with the standing up side of the sport.

Derivatives

† groundwork v. Obsolete (transitive) to lay the foundations of, to found (nonce-word).

ΚΠ

a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) vii. 25 It fel not for it was ground~wrought on a rock.

a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xiii. 35 Thinges hiden sins y^e world was groundwrought.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	groundwork
释义	groundworkn. /ˈɡraʊndwəːk/ Etymology: Compare Middle Dutch gront-werck (Dutch grondwerk), German grundwerk. 1. a. The solid base on which an edifice or other structure is built; foundation. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests staddlea900 groundc950 base?c1335 standinga1382 foundation1398 basingc1400 bottom1440 subjecta1500 groundworka1557 basis?a1560 pedestal1563 understand1580 footwork1611 centrea1616 underwork1624 skaddle1635 substructure1641 foot piece1657 pediment1660 seat1661 sedes1662 under-warp1668 plantationa1680 terrace1735 substructure1789 footing1791 seating1805 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s) staddlea900 ground-stathelnessa1300 foundation1398 groundsel1433 ground-pinning1448 underpinning1538 groundworka1557 footing1611 substruction1624 under-filling1624 substructure1726 found1818 pinninga1825 well1832 soling1838 masonite1840 ground-statheling- a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xxv. 34 Sins y^e groundworkes of y^e world weer laied. 1562 Bp. J. Pilkington Expos. Abdyas 49 Thei could not pearce the hard stones of the grounde worke, beinge so many, harde, depe, and stronge. 1591 E. Spenser tr. J. du Bellay Visions viii, in Complaints sig. Y3^v A riuer swift, whose fomy billowes Did wash the ground work of an old great wall. 1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. (new ed.) v. sig. K3 Like the falling noise of some great building when the ground-worke breakes. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 5 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors The Ground-work of it [Cyrus's Palace] is twenty two Geometrical feet in height. 1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 139 The first Course of the Ground-work. 1891 J. C. Atkinson Last of Giant-killers 96 They..had dug out the foundations, and got the ground~work laid. b. figurative. The basis or foundation of something immaterial. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun] ground1340 root1340 substancec1384 fundament1395 foundationc1400 groundment?a1412 footing1440 anvila1450 bottom ground1557 groundwork1557 foot1559 platform1568 subsistence1586 subject matter1600 ground-colour1614 basisa1616 substratum1631 basement1637 bottoma1639 fonda1650 fibre1656 fund1671 fundamen1677 substruction1765 starting ground1802 fundus1839 1557 Bible (Whittingham) Ep. iv The Lord Iesvs, which was the groundeworke and substance therof. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke* ii. ii. 108 The groundworke and beginnings of medicine depend upon them. 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. §33. 243 God's promises are the most proper ground-worke of faith. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 62. ¶8 No Thought can be valuable, of which good Sense is not the Ground-work. 1774 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. App. 139 These..still form the basis or groundwork of the Common law. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. i. 9 Some things..I must recal to your memory, because..they afford the ground-work of my destiny. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) xiii. 433 A ground~work of historical and geographical fact. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 61 The grand moral qualities which formed the groundwork of the Roman character. †2. = ground plan n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > plan drawing platform?1544 groundwork1574 ground-plota1586 projecture1610 profile1665 protraction1669 inspection1694 pantarch1694 plan view1847 stereogram1868 planform1937 1574 R. Scot Perfite Platf. of Hoppe Garden (1578) 48 The grounde worke hereof is so set out here, that anye Carpenter will easily frame the whole house by the same fygure. 3. a. The body or foundation on which other parts are overlaid, or on which they rest for display, as in embroidery work, painting, and the like. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > underlying layer > on which parts are overlaid for display fonda1650 groundwork1658 1658 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 2nd Pt. 402 In needle-work, the sad ground-work is laid, before the beautiful colours. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 276 Cushions of flower'd Satin, the ground-work thereof Gold and Silver. 1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Metamorphoses i, in Examen Poeticum 15 A way there is, in Heavens expanded Plain, Which..Mortals, by the Name of Milky, know. The Ground-work is of Stars. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Ground-work, the base color on which the painting is performed. 1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 221 Where there was fine embroidery or other work the effect was spoilt by..common material for ground-work. b. The principal ingredient in anything. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > constituent part or component > principal ingredienta1616 groundwork1822 1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. May 405/2 There is a composition, the ground-work of which I have understood to be the sweet wood 'yclept sassafras. 4. †a. Working in earth. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > [noun] earth-tilthOE earth-tillingOE tilling?c1225 delving1377 laboura1393 land-tillingc1420 culturec1450 tilthing1495 labouring1523 manurea1547 manuring1550 digging1552 cultivation1553 tilth1565 manurance1572 agriculture1583 nithering1599 culturation1606 gainor1607 delvage1610 agricolation1623 gainage1625 cultivage1632 manurementa1639 groundwork1655 fieldwork1656 proscission1656 field labour1661 manuragea1670 subduing1776 management1799 subjugation1800 geopony1808 clodhopping1847 agriculturism1885 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxi. 292 I permit unto true labourers and workmen to feed often..if their work be ground-work or very toilsome. b. (See quot. 1875.) ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Ground-work, the preparation of ground for the foundation of a structure, or giving it the required contour for any other purpose. 5. Cricket. = ground-fielding n. at ground n. Compounds 2a. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > fielding > [noun] > types of fielding long-stopping1832 outfielding1851 pointing1863 ground-fielding1884 groundwork1898 outwork1899 glovework1906 slip-fielding1906 1898 K. S. Ranjitsinhji With Stoddart's Team (ed. 4) iv. 79 The catching of the team was far better than the ground work. 1905 Westm. Gaz. 19 Sept. 3/1 The ground~work was always splendid, and the throwing a joy to behold. 6. Boxing and Judo. Physical exercises performed by a sportsman whilst lying on the ground. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > training > [noun] training1581 work1846 training session1850 overtraining1856 roadwork1856 cross-training1903 groundwork1906 sweat1916 repetition1919 repetition running1955 weight training1955 circuit training1957 interval running1957 interval training1962 repetition training1965 brick1996 1906 T. Miyake & Y. Tani Game of Ju-Jitsu (ed. 2) vi. 40 Ground-work cannot be described as systematically as standing work... Ju-jitsu ground-work is merely the proper use of the legs. 1948 D. S. Lister Boxing 24 Gymnasium training..consists of..top work, ground work and, of course, boxing. 1954 E. Dominy Teach Yourself Judo vii. 77 Groundwork ability is seldom related to the ability of the judoka with the standing up side of the sport. Derivatives † groundwork v. Obsolete (transitive) to lay the foundations of, to found (nonce-word). ΚΠ a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) vii. 25 It fel not for it was ground~wrought on a rock. a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xiii. 35 Thinges hiden sins y^e world was groundwrought. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1557
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