groundlingn.

/ˈɡraʊndlɪŋ/

Etymology: < ground n. + -ling suffix¹. Compare Middle Dutch grundelinck (Dutch grondeling), Middle High German grundelinc (German gründling) gudgeon.

1. A name given to various small fishes which live at the bottom of the water, esp. a gudgeon or loach.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > member of family Cobitidae (loach)

loach1357

grundel14..

groundling1601

smerlin1668

ground-gudgeon1867

thunder-fish1882

weather-fish1886

barbelc1380

groundling1601

yellowfish1834

mahseer1854

scaly1947

tiger barb1951

grundel14..

gudgeonc1425

gull1495

flexpeng?a1500

quab1598

groundling1601

quabling1617

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 265 As the Apuæ which are the groundlings..[come] of the fome of the sea.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Loche de mer, a little fish..; some call it a sea Groundling. Lochette, a Groundling, or small-bearded Loach.

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xix. 181 Groundlings are also a kind of Gudgins never lying from the ground, freckled as it were on each side with seven or eight spots.

1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 237 The Loche is found in several of our small rivers, keeping at the bottom on the gravel, and is on that account, in some places, called the Groundling.

1803 F. W. Blagdon tr. P. S. Pallas Trav. Southern Provinces Russ. Empire II. 461 The mountain-streams..also afford a small kind of barbel, the groundling, and the Couvieres of the French [Ger. eine kleine Art von Barbe, Schmerlinge und Bitterlinge].

1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 314 Cobitis tænia, the Groundling..is the smallest of the species inhabiting the smaller running waters, and lurking under stones.

a. A plant that creeps on the ground or is of low growth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [noun] > creeping, climbing, or spiring > creeping or climbing plant

wind1538

clamberer1597

creeper1626

winder1626

climber1640

convolvula1675

vine1708

runner1731

parasite1813

groundling1822

twiner1830

scrambler1902

1822 T. Bewick Mem. 256 A profusion of wild-flowers..which peep out amongst the creeping groundlings.

1826 Mirror of Months in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 893 Towering up from among the low groundlings that..surround it, [grows] the stately fox-glove.

b. An animal that lives on the ground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by habitat > [noun] > terrestrial animal > on or under the ground

subterrestrial1800

groundling1874

terricole1890

1874 J. G. Wood Out of Doors 6 It is a remarkable fact that the Chimpansees are groundlings, and are not accustomed to habitual residence among the branches of trees.

c. Said of a person (see quot. 1822).Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. June 535/1 A man, who used to glide his comely upper half over the pavements of London, wheeling along..upon a machine of wood..The accident which brought him low, took place during the riots of 1780, and he has been a groundling so long.

d. A person on the ground, as opposed to an airman, passenger in an aircraft, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > [noun] > with reference to location

groundling1940

1940 Manch. Guardian Weekly 25 Oct. 304/1 Of the R.A.F.'s courage and skill it would be almost presumptuous for any mere groundling to speak.

1966 M. R. D. Foot SOE in France iv. 81 The groundlings assumed, wrongly, that the aircraft had accidentally dropped a couple of small bombs.

1969 Daily Tel. 13 Sept. 10 An occasional crash [of an aeroplane] may be expected, possibly involving the death of 500 passengers and an unpredictable number of groundlings.

1969 Daily Tel. 15 Nov. 22/6 The giant Saturn 5 rocket..sent the lunarnauts soaring up into a blue sky hidden from groundlings by heavy clouds.

3. A frequenter of the ‘ground’ or pit of a theatre; hence, a spectator (reader, etc.) of average or inferior tastes, an uncritical or unrefined person. (Only in literary use, as a reminiscence of Shakespeare's phrase, and sometimes apparently associated with the more general sense of ‘ground’.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > theatre-going > theatregoer > [noun] > theatre audience > occupants of specific seat or place

scaffolder1597

nutcracker1602

groundling1604

understander1633

pit-mask1701

goddess1799

pittite1807

stall-holder1849

half-crowner1886

stallite1887

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 11 O it offends mee to the soule, to heare a robustious perwig-pated fellowe tere a passion to totters, to very rags, to spleet the eares of the groundlings .

1609 T. Dekker Guls Horne-bk. sig. E2^v Your Groundling, and Gallery-Commoner buyes his sport by the penny.

1659 Lady Alimony i. iv. sig. B2 The Groundlings within the yard grow infinitely unruly.

1763 C. Churchill Ghost iv. 166 The minds of Groundlings to enflame.

1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. ii. i. 162 But how do you like sharing the mirth of the groundlings?

1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets vi. 183 The soliloquies of Hamlet..must have been lost upon the groundlings of Elizabeth's days.

1900 H. W. Smyth Greek Melic Poets p. lvii The dithyramb was meretricious art and appealed to the taste of the groundlings.

†4. One of humble rank; one of base breeding or sentiments. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > person

swaina1150

ladc1300

loon1535

blue coat1583

gaffer1589

snake1590

meaner1596

frock1612

groundling1630

frock-man1657

coolie1803

simple1824

yellow dog1862

Harry1874

smock-frock1898

1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 55 Here you shall see One unmeasurably haughtie, scorning to converse with these Groundlins (for so it pleases him to tearme his inferiours).

1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 98 These, whose erected minds are removed from the refuse and rubbish of earth, (which our base Groundlins so much toyle for).

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Prophetesse i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddd^v/2 We Tilers may deserve to be Senators,..for we were born three Stories high; no base ones, none of your groundlings, Master.

5. attributive or as adj.

ΚΠ

1825 C. Lamb in London Mag. Mar. 370 That domicile [i.e. the stocks] for groundling rogues and base earth kissing varlets.

1829 R. Southey Oliver Newman ii, in Poet. Wks. X. 285 Grunts And strives with stubborn neck and groundling snout.

1885 J. S. Stallybrass tr. V. Hehn Wanderings Plants & Animals 94 It must have been a mere groundling sucker.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2020).

单词	groundling
释义	groundlingn. /ˈɡraʊndlɪŋ/ Etymology: < ground n. + -ling suffix¹. Compare Middle Dutch grundelinck (Dutch grondeling), Middle High German grundelinc (German gründling) gudgeon. 1. A name given to various small fishes which live at the bottom of the water, esp. a gudgeon or loach. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > member of family Cobitidae (loach) loach1357 grundel14.. groundling1601 smerlin1668 ground-gudgeon1867 thunder-fish1882 weather-fish1886 the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > member of genus Barbus barbelc1380 groundling1601 yellowfish1834 mahseer1854 scaly1947 tiger barb1951 the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > gobio fluviatilis (gudgeon) grundel14.. gudgeonc1425 gull1495 flexpeng?a1500 quab1598 groundling1601 quabling1617 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 265 As the Apuæ which are the groundlings..[come] of the fome of the sea. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Loche de mer, a little fish..; some call it a sea Groundling. Lochette, a Groundling, or small-bearded Loach. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xix. 181 Groundlings are also a kind of Gudgins never lying from the ground, freckled as it were on each side with seven or eight spots. 1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 237 The Loche is found in several of our small rivers, keeping at the bottom on the gravel, and is on that account, in some places, called the Groundling. 1803 F. W. Blagdon tr. P. S. Pallas Trav. Southern Provinces Russ. Empire II. 461 The mountain-streams..also afford a small kind of barbel, the groundling, and the Couvieres of the French [Ger. eine kleine Art von Barbe, Schmerlinge und Bitterlinge]. 1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 314 Cobitis tænia, the Groundling..is the smallest of the species inhabiting the smaller running waters, and lurking under stones. 2. a. A plant that creeps on the ground or is of low growth. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [noun] > creeping, climbing, or spiring > creeping or climbing plant wind1538 clamberer1597 creeper1626 winder1626 climber1640 convolvula1675 vine1708 runner1731 parasite1813 groundling1822 twiner1830 scrambler1902 1822 T. Bewick Mem. 256 A profusion of wild-flowers..which peep out amongst the creeping groundlings. 1826 Mirror of Months in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 893 Towering up from among the low groundlings that..surround it, [grows] the stately fox-glove. b. An animal that lives on the ground. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habitat > [noun] > terrestrial animal > on or under the ground subterrestrial1800 groundling1874 terricole1890 1874 J. G. Wood Out of Doors 6 It is a remarkable fact that the Chimpansees are groundlings, and are not accustomed to habitual residence among the branches of trees. c. Said of a person (see quot. 1822).Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. June 535/1 A man, who used to glide his comely upper half over the pavements of London, wheeling along..upon a machine of wood..The accident which brought him low, took place during the riots of 1780, and he has been a groundling so long. d. A person on the ground, as opposed to an airman, passenger in an aircraft, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > [noun] > with reference to location groundling1940 1940 Manch. Guardian Weekly 25 Oct. 304/1 Of the R.A.F.'s courage and skill it would be almost presumptuous for any mere groundling to speak. 1966 M. R. D. Foot SOE in France iv. 81 The groundlings assumed, wrongly, that the aircraft had accidentally dropped a couple of small bombs. 1969 Daily Tel. 13 Sept. 10 An occasional crash [of an aeroplane] may be expected, possibly involving the death of 500 passengers and an unpredictable number of groundlings. 1969 Daily Tel. 15 Nov. 22/6 The giant Saturn 5 rocket..sent the lunarnauts soaring up into a blue sky hidden from groundlings by heavy clouds. 3. A frequenter of the ‘ground’ or pit of a theatre; hence, a spectator (reader, etc.) of average or inferior tastes, an uncritical or unrefined person. (Only in literary use, as a reminiscence of Shakespeare's phrase, and sometimes apparently associated with the more general sense of ‘ground’.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > theatre-going > theatregoer > [noun] > theatre audience > occupants of specific seat or place scaffolder1597 nutcracker1602 groundling1604 understander1633 pit-mask1701 goddess1799 pittite1807 stall-holder1849 half-crowner1886 stallite1887 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 11 O it offends mee to the soule, to heare a robustious perwig-pated fellowe tere a passion to totters, to very rags, to spleet the eares of the groundlings . View more context for this quotation 1609 T. Dekker Guls Horne-bk. sig. E2^v Your Groundling, and Gallery-Commoner buyes his sport by the penny. 1659 Lady Alimony i. iv. sig. B2 The Groundlings within the yard grow infinitely unruly. 1763 C. Churchill Ghost iv. 166 The minds of Groundlings to enflame. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. ii. i. 162 But how do you like sharing the mirth of the groundlings? 1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets vi. 183 The soliloquies of Hamlet..must have been lost upon the groundlings of Elizabeth's days. 1900 H. W. Smyth Greek Melic Poets p. lvii The dithyramb was meretricious art and appealed to the taste of the groundlings. †4. One of humble rank; one of base breeding or sentiments. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > person swaina1150 ladc1300 loon1535 blue coat1583 gaffer1589 snake1590 meaner1596 frock1612 groundling1630 frock-man1657 coolie1803 simple1824 yellow dog1862 Harry1874 smock-frock1898 1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 55 Here you shall see One unmeasurably haughtie, scorning to converse with these Groundlins (for so it pleases him to tearme his inferiours). 1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 98 These, whose erected minds are removed from the refuse and rubbish of earth, (which our base Groundlins so much toyle for). a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Prophetesse i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddd^v/2 We Tilers may deserve to be Senators,..for we were born three Stories high; no base ones, none of your groundlings, Master. 5. attributive or as adj. ΚΠ 1825 C. Lamb in London Mag. Mar. 370 That domicile [i.e. the stocks] for groundling rogues and base earth kissing varlets. 1829 R. Southey Oliver Newman ii, in Poet. Wks. X. 285 Grunts And strives with stubborn neck and groundling snout. 1885 J. S. Stallybrass tr. V. Hehn Wanderings Plants & Animals 94 It must have been a mere groundling sucker. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2020). < n.1601
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