gromwelln.

/ˈɡrɒmwəl/

Forms: Middle English gromyl(e, gromylyoun, Middle English gromylle, gromille, grumelle, grumeyle, Middle English–1500s gromaly, gromely, Middle English–1800s gromel(l, 1500s grommel(l, grommall, gremile, grumle, 1500s–1600s grummel(l, grumble, 1600s gromwel, grumell, 1600s–1800s gromil(l, 1600s– gromwell.

Etymology: < Old French gromil (13th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), gremil (16th cent.), modern French grémil, of doubtful origin. The form gromwel(l is late and the w is apparently due to analogy with speedwell. See also graymill n.As to the possible origin of French gromil, grémil, several suggestions have been made. Its derivation < grānum milii is impossible on account of the early form gromil, but the 15th cent. variants grinnil, grenil perhaps exhibit some popular etymologizing approximation to grain. Hatzfeld & Darmesteter suggest that the second part is the word mil ‘millet’, while the first is of indeterminate origin.

a. The common name for any of the plants of the genus Lithospermum (N.O. Boraginaceæ), characterized by hard stony seeds, which were formerly much used in medicine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > gromwell

gromwella1350

millensole1545

graymill1548

mill of the sun1559

common gromwell1578

corn gromwell1578

pearl plant1578

lithospermon1646

milium solis?c1729

purple gromwell1783

stone-weed1847

lithosperm1865

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 32 Ase gromyl in greue grene is þe grone, Ase quibibe ant comyn cud is in crone.

a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 23 Granum solis, i. milium solis, i. gromil.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 43 Gilofre, gyngure & gromylyoun.

c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 645/38 Hec gensta, gromylle.

c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 75 Ad lapidem Take gromylle [v.r. gromel seed] & percil.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health xxv. 42 Grummell is..not used in meates but in medicine, especially the seedes.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iv. i. iii. 438 For the kidneyes grummell, parsly.

1736 Compl. Family-piece i. iv. 171 Take Seeds of Smallage, Treacle Mustard, Gromwell and Parsley.

1851 S. Judd Margaret (rev. ed.) i. xvi. 135 Yellow bent spikes of the gromwell.

1888 Daily News 14 June 5/1 The gromwell adds a touch of imperial purple.

b. Preceded by a defining word forming the designation of a particular species. common gromwell n. Lithospermum officinale. corn gromwell n. L. arvense, Bastard Alkanet. purple gromwell n. (or creeping gromwell) L. purpureo-cæruleum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > gromwell

gromwella1350

millensole1545

graymill1548

mill of the sun1559

common gromwell1578

corn gromwell1578

pearl plant1578

lithospermon1646

milium solis?c1729

purple gromwell1783

stone-weed1847

lithosperm1865

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. ciii. 289 The Gromell is of two sortes, one of the garden, the other wilde: and the garden Gromell also is of two sortes, great and small.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 486 The great Gromell hath long, slender and hairie stalkes.

1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden ccxxv. 354 Great upright Gromel..is that which usually groweth in Gardens.

1804 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 12 124 Bastard gromill, salern, corn gromwell, painting root, bastard Alkanet.

1837 W. Macgillivray Withering's Brit. Plants (ed. 4) 111 L[ithospermum] officinale. Common Gromwell. Graymill..L. arvense. Corn Gromwell..L. purpuro-cæruleum. Creeping or Purple Gromwell.

1894 Times 21 May 12/1 The tall-growing corn gromwell, or bastard alkanet.

c. Applied also to the genus Onosmodium ( false gromwell) ( Cent. Dict.).

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

gromwell seed n.

ΚΠ

c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (1898) 77 Onoþer of Mede affermyd mekyl profyt to vse greynes melyens fastyng, þat er Gromell sedes.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 213/2 Gromaly, herbe (gromely sede), milium solis.

?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe ix. f. li Gromell seede, and baye salte dryed togyther.

?1553 Respublica (1952) i. i. 4 But to rake grumle sede Avaryce ys a Lone.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 41^v Gromell seede for the stone.

1694 E. Floyd in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 46 Of the form and bigness of Gromwel-seeds.

C2.

† gromwell-gainer n. Obsolete a ‘skinflint’, miser.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person > miser or hoarder of wealth

chinch?a1300

wretch1303

chincher1333

muckererc1390

mokerarda1400

muglard1440

gatherer?a1513

hoarder?a1513

warner1513

hardhead1519

snudge1545

cob1548

snidge1548

muckmonger1566

mucker1567

miser?1577

scrape-penny1584

money-miser1586

gromwell-gainer1588

muckscrape1589

muckworm1598

scrib1600

muckraker1601

morkin-gnoff1602

scrape-scall1602

incubo1607

accumulator1611

gripe-money1611

scrape-good1611

silver-hider1611

gripe1621

scrapeling1629

clutch1630

scrape-pelfa1640

volpone1672

spare-penny1707

save-all1729

bagger1740

spare-thrift1803

money-codger1818

hunger-rot1828

muckrake1850

muckthrift1852

gripe-penny1860

hugger-mugger1862

Scrooge1940

1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies 70 Hath not euery vocation..yeelded some such counterprophets, and pennyfathers, very gromelgainers?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	gromwell
释义	gromwelln. /ˈɡrɒmwəl/ Forms: Middle English gromyl(e, gromylyoun, Middle English gromylle, gromille, grumelle, grumeyle, Middle English–1500s gromaly, gromely, Middle English–1800s gromel(l, 1500s grommel(l, grommall, gremile, grumle, 1500s–1600s grummel(l, grumble, 1600s gromwel, grumell, 1600s–1800s gromil(l, 1600s– gromwell. Etymology: < Old French gromil (13th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), gremil (16th cent.), modern French grémil, of doubtful origin. The form gromwel(l is late and the w is apparently due to analogy with speedwell. See also graymill n.As to the possible origin of French gromil, grémil, several suggestions have been made. Its derivation < grānum milii is impossible on account of the early form gromil, but the 15th cent. variants grinnil, grenil perhaps exhibit some popular etymologizing approximation to grain. Hatzfeld & Darmesteter suggest that the second part is the word mil ‘millet’, while the first is of indeterminate origin. a. The common name for any of the plants of the genus Lithospermum (N.O. Boraginaceæ), characterized by hard stony seeds, which were formerly much used in medicine. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > gromwell gromwella1350 millensole1545 graymill1548 mill of the sun1559 common gromwell1578 corn gromwell1578 pearl plant1578 lithospermon1646 milium solis?c1729 purple gromwell1783 stone-weed1847 lithosperm1865 a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 32 Ase gromyl in greue grene is þe grone, Ase quibibe ant comyn cud is in crone. a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 23 Granum solis, i. milium solis, i. gromil. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 43 Gilofre, gyngure & gromylyoun. c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 645/38 Hec gensta, gromylle. c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 75 Ad lapidem Take gromylle [v.r. gromel seed] & percil. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health xxv. 42 Grummell is..not used in meates but in medicine, especially the seedes. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iv. i. iii. 438 For the kidneyes grummell, parsly. 1736 Compl. Family-piece i. iv. 171 Take Seeds of Smallage, Treacle Mustard, Gromwell and Parsley. 1851 S. Judd Margaret (rev. ed.) i. xvi. 135 Yellow bent spikes of the gromwell. 1888 Daily News 14 June 5/1 The gromwell adds a touch of imperial purple. b. Preceded by a defining word forming the designation of a particular species. common gromwell n. Lithospermum officinale. corn gromwell n. L. arvense, Bastard Alkanet. purple gromwell n. (or creeping gromwell) L. purpureo-cæruleum. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > gromwell gromwella1350 millensole1545 graymill1548 mill of the sun1559 common gromwell1578 corn gromwell1578 pearl plant1578 lithospermon1646 milium solis?c1729 purple gromwell1783 stone-weed1847 lithosperm1865 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. ciii. 289 The Gromell is of two sortes, one of the garden, the other wilde: and the garden Gromell also is of two sortes, great and small. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 486 The great Gromell hath long, slender and hairie stalkes. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden ccxxv. 354 Great upright Gromel..is that which usually groweth in Gardens. 1804 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 12 124 Bastard gromill, salern, corn gromwell, painting root, bastard Alkanet. 1837 W. Macgillivray Withering's Brit. Plants (ed. 4) 111 L[ithospermum] officinale. Common Gromwell. Graymill..L. arvense. Corn Gromwell..L. purpuro-cæruleum. Creeping or Purple Gromwell. 1894 Times 21 May 12/1 The tall-growing corn gromwell, or bastard alkanet. c. Applied also to the genus Onosmodium ( false gromwell) ( Cent. Dict.). Compounds C1. General attributive. gromwell seed n. ΚΠ c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (1898) 77 Onoþer of Mede affermyd mekyl profyt to vse greynes melyens fastyng, þat er Gromell sedes. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 213/2 Gromaly, herbe (gromely sede), milium solis. ?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe ix. f. li Gromell seede, and baye salte dryed togyther. ?1553 Respublica (1952) i. i. 4 But to rake grumle sede Avaryce ys a Lone. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 41^v Gromell seede for the stone. 1694 E. Floyd in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 46 Of the form and bigness of Gromwel-seeds. C2. † gromwell-gainer n. Obsolete a ‘skinflint’, miser. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person > miser or hoarder of wealth chinch?a1300 wretch1303 chincher1333 muckererc1390 mokerarda1400 muglard1440 gatherer?a1513 hoarder?a1513 warner1513 hardhead1519 snudge1545 cob1548 snidge1548 muckmonger1566 mucker1567 miser?1577 scrape-penny1584 money-miser1586 gromwell-gainer1588 muckscrape1589 muckworm1598 scrib1600 muckraker1601 morkin-gnoff1602 scrape-scall1602 incubo1607 accumulator1611 gripe-money1611 scrape-good1611 silver-hider1611 gripe1621 scrapeling1629 clutch1630 scrape-pelfa1640 volpone1672 spare-penny1707 save-all1729 bagger1740 spare-thrift1803 money-codger1818 hunger-rot1828 muckrake1850 muckthrift1852 gripe-penny1860 hugger-mugger1862 Scrooge1940 1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies 70 Hath not euery vocation..yeelded some such counterprophets, and pennyfathers, very gromelgainers? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.a1350
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