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单词 groin
释义

groinn.1

Brit. /ɡrɔɪn/, U.S. /ɡrɔɪn/
Forms: α. Middle English–1800s groyn(e, 1500s–1600s groine, 1500s, 1800s groon, (Middle English gryn, Middle English grone, growne, grune, gruyn, 1800s gruin), Middle English– groin. β. Middle English gron(e)y. See also grunyie n.
Etymology: < Old French groign (French groin), Burgundian groigno, Provençal groing, grong, feminine groingna, Italian grugno, Old Portuguese gruin < popular Latin *grunnium, < Latin grunnīre to grunt like a swine.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
†1. A grunting, grumble. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > state of complaining > [noun] > a complaint
plainta1275
groinc1374
complaintc1385
murmura1393
grutchc1460
plainc1475
yammer?a1513
puling?1529
objecting1552
obmurmuration1571
regratea1586
repine1593
grumblinga1616
grumble1623
dissatisfactionc1640
obmurmuring1642
rumbling1842
natter1866
grouch1895
beef1900
holler1901
squawk1909
moan1911
yip1911
grouse1918
gripe1934
crib1943
bitch1945
drip1945
kvetch1957
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde i. 349 Yet yf she for other enchesoun, Be wrooth, þen shalt þow han a groyn a-noon.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 214/1 Grony, magry.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 319/2 Magry, vn-thanke, vituperium, reprobacio.]
2.
a. The snout, esp. of a swine.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [noun] > snout
wrootc725
groin13..
snoutc1380
muzzlea1425
grunyie?a1513
chuff1530
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > defined by parts > (parts of) snout
groin13..
rowelc1425
wort1500
gruntle1535
13.. Sir Beues 815 (MS. A) A spanne of þe groin be-forn Wiþ is swerd he haþ of schoren.
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋82 He..lykneth a fair womman, that is a fool of hire body, lyk to a ryng of gold that were in the groyn of a soughe.
c1475 Partenay 5875 The beres gret groin tho smote he vppon.
c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 214/1 (MSS. K. & H.) Grony, MS. S. groney, Rostrum porcinum.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 115 I haue here in my mayll..two swyne-gronys [1897 p. 107 swyne gronys].
1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie cx. 676 The partie..shall but wring his mouth or rather his Groyne and steppe forth with a shamelesse foreheade to aske who accuseth him.
1600 F. Thynne Emblemes & Epigr. (1876) 22 With wrootinge groyne, with [sic; read the] feirce and warlike bore Turnes vp and betters that bad lande before.
1703 R. Thoresby Let. 27 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 423 The Groyn of a swine, the snout.
1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Groon, the snout of a pig.
1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milnar Gloss. Lancashire Dial. Groyn, a swine's snout.
†b. contemptuously. A face. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > [noun]
leera700
nebeOE
onseneeOE
wlitec950
anlethOE
nebshaftc1225
snouta1300
facec1300
visage1303
semblantc1315
vicea1325
cheera1350
countenance1393
front1398
fashiona1400
visurec1400
physiognomyc1425
groina1500
faxa1522
favour1525
facies1565
visor1575
complexiona1616
frontispiecea1625
mun1667
phiz1687
mug1708
mazard1725
physiog1791
dial plate1811
fizzog1811
jiba1825
dial1837
figurehead1840
Chevy Chase1859
mooey1859
snoot1861
chivvy1889
clock1899
map1899
mush1902
pan1920
kisser1938
boat1958
boat race1958
punim1965
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvi. 199 Haue at the, say I, Take the ther a foyn!.. Haue at thi groyn Anothere!
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 123 Fayr fall this growne! Well has thou hyde.
†3. Nautical. the groin (of Spain) [an etymological perversion of the Spanish name Coruña] : a sailor's name for Corunna, a seaport on the N.W. of Spain. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [noun] > in Spain > Corunna
the groin (of Spain)1367
1367 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 112 Vocatur Le Groyne; est in mare ut rostrum porci, ubi intraverunt terram.
c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) i. 478 Here ys..wyn of gyldyr and of galles, þat made at þe groine, wyn of wyan and vernage, I seye also.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xx. 334 Betuix Cornwaill and Bretaynne He sayllyt, and left ye Grunȝe [1487 St. John's Cambr. grund] of Spainȝe On northalff him.
1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet B ij b Did your Father die at the Groyne?
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Groyne, corruptly by the Tarrs for Coronna, a Seaport of Galicia.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 343 Press'd me earnestly not to go by Sea, but either to go by Land to the Groyne [etc.].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

groinn.2

Brit. /ɡrɔɪn/, U.S. /ɡrɔɪn/
Forms: Middle English–1500s grynd(e, (Middle English ground, 1500s grinde); Middle English–1600s grine, gryne, groine, groyn(e, (Middle English grune), 1500s– groin.
Etymology: originally grynde , grinde of uncertain origin; connection with grain n.2 is excluded by the early form. The form grine appears in 1530, but did not finally displace grind until the last quarter of the 16th cent., when it underwent corruption into groin , probably through phonetic association with groin n.1Prof. Skeat suggests that the original sense may have been a channel or depression (compare 2), and that the word may be identical with Old English grynde , recorded only in the sense of ‘abyss’, but etymologically capable of meaning ‘depression’, ‘valley’ ( < prehistoric *grundjo- , < *grundu- ground n.; compare German grund , used dialect for ‘valley’; also grindle n.1, grindlet n.).
1.
a. The fold or depression on either side of the body between the abdomen and the upper thigh. (In quot. ?1541 plural the inguinal glands.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > groin or crotch > [noun]
shareeOE
liskc1175
forchure13..
cleftc1325
fouchc1330
grainsa1400
swange?a1400
groin14..
thigh-holec1425
twist1572
crotcha1592
fork1608
cleaving1632
inguen1679
crutch-
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 589/39 Inguen, the grynde.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 41 If þe prickynge be in þe foot, anoynte þe grynde wiþ hoot comoun oile.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 226 Of an enpostym þat comeþ in iguine id est þe gryndis.
1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 330/2 He was..seke in his grynde of a pestilence botche.
?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Biv The grynes, les ames.
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Kiij What are the gryndes? Answere. They are the clensynge places of the lyuer, & are of Glandynous flesshe ordeyned to the bought of the thyghes.
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 64v The water druncke twyse a daye..putteth away..harde swellings in the grynde.
1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. Giiij The louing swine, Sheath'd vnaware his tuske in his soft groine.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aines, the grine, or groyne of man or woman.
1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cxii. 160 The leaves..laid warm on any botch happening in the Groin or share, doth dissolve and heal them.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 49 The Keeper thrust his sword into his groyn.
1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 333 The ..angry Beast..at one sidelong Glance Rips up his Groin.
1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 53 A gland enlarged in the left groin.
1865 C. Dickens Let. 30 Nov. (1999) XI. 117 The man returned the compliment by kicking him in the groin.
1872 S. W. Baker Nile Tributaries Abyssinia (new ed.) v. 66 Two glands are situated in the groin.
†b. figurative. Regarded as the seat of lust. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sex organs > [noun]
shapea1000
shameOE
i-cundeOE
memberc1300
privy memberc1325
kindc1330
privitiesc1375
harness1382
shameful parts1382
genitoriesa1387
partc1390
tailc1390
genitalsa1393
thingc1405
genitalc1450
privy parts1533
secret1535
loin?1541
genitures1548
filthy parts1553
shamefulness1561
ware1561
meatc1564
natural places1569
secret members1577
lady ware1592
natural parts1601
lady's ware1608
gear1611
private parts1623
groin1631
pudendums1634
natural1650
privacies1656
sex1664
secrecyc1675
nudities1677
affair1749
sexual parts1753
person1824
sex organ1847
privates1940
naughty bits1972
1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes iii. iv. 46 in Wks. II Who can endure to see The fury of mens gullets, and their groines?
a1637 B. Jonson Timber 55 in Wks. (1640) III They set the signe of the Crosse over their outer doores, and sacrifice to their gut, and their groyne in their inner Closets.
†2. A deep trench, or excavation. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > excavation
pot1431
undermine1524
grave1526
digginga1552
undermining1572
groin1587
underbeiting1670
dene-hole1768
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1538/2 He [sc. Ferdinando Poins] vndertooke to make certeine groins or knocks, which at the hauens mouth should cause such a depth, as thereby the whole harborough should lie drie at a low water.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1545/1 There was one Juline appointed to attend vpon Poins his groins.
3. Architecture. The edge formed by the intersection of two vaults. Also, the rib or fillet of stone or wood with which this is usually covered.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vaulting > specific part
ogee1356
voussoir1359
severy1399
orb1500
squinch1500
scutcheon1565
ogive1611
pendant1706
groin1725
groining1742
cross-springer1815
boss1823
tail-piles1837
scoinson shaft1842
sectroid1860
boss-stonea1878
groinery1880
1725 W. Halfpenny Art of Sound Building 15 To find the Angle, or Mitre-Arch of a regular Groin.
1790 T. Pennant Of London 87 On the north outside, beyond the windows, are many marks of recesses, groins, arms, on the remains of some other room.
1815 T. Rickman in J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 155 The shafts in front running up without stop to the roof, and from their capitals springing the groins.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 568 In framing centres for groins, the boarding which forms the interior surface is supported by transverse ribs of timber.
1849 E. A. Freeman Hist. Archit. 246 In the earliest examples the groins are without ribs.
1860 R. W. Emerson Illusions in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 273 The vaults and groins of the sparry cathedrals.
1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. vi. 226 There [i.e. at York Minster]..the whole space of the nave and choir was spanned with groins of wood.
in extended use.1857 L. Holden Human Osteol. (ed. 2) 125 Notice how the interior of the dome is strengthened by ribs or groins of bone, which run in the line of the principal sinuses.
4. A ring. slang.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > ring > [noun]
ringOE
beec1300
bague1477
hoop1507
woup1511
famble-cheat1567
famble1688
gem1725
fawney1819
groin1931
1931 W. F. Brown in Police Jrnl. 4 500 Henry. ‘Did he get any sparkle?’ George. ‘Yes, a couple of kettles,..a lovely groin and a prop.’
1936 ‘J. Curtis’ Gilt Kid v. 57 There was one [woman] with three groins on her fingers.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. (In sense 1.)
groin gland n.
Π
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 1074 The endemic forms of a group of diseases—including Chyluria, varicose groin glands.
b. (In sense 3.)
groin-rib n.
Π
1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 113 To find the diagonal or groin-rib of a Vault.
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. ii. 59 Groin-ribs—those narrow arches erected under the lines of the intersection of the vaults.
C2.
groin-point n. (see quots.).
Π
1860–4 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Groin point, the name given by bricklayers to the arris or line of intersection of cross arches of vaulting executed in brickwork.
groin-vault n. (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vaulting > specific type
Welsh groin1778
groin-vault1825
Welsh vaulting1835
Welsh vault1840
cross-vaulting1842
rear vault1844
barrel-form1849
barrel-vault1849
cross-vault1850
Welsh groining1867
tunnel-vault-
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 540 A Groin vault, is a complex vault, formed by the intersection of two solids, whose surfaces coincide with the intrados of the arches, and are not confined to the same heights.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† groinv.1

Forms: Middle English groigne, Middle English gronyn, Middle English–1500s groine, Middle English–1600s groyne, Middle English–1500s grone, (1500s groone), Middle English, 1600s growne, 1500s, 1800s groyn.
Etymology: < Old French grogni-r (also with change of conjugation grogner, as in modern French) = Provençal gronhir, gronir, Italian grugnire (also altered grugnare) < Latin grunnīre.
Obsolete.
1.
a. intransitive. Of animals: To grunt; to growl.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > make sound [verb (intransitive)] > grunt or snort
grunnyc1340
groinc1400
gruntlec1400
snorec1400
snortc1405
snortle1577
snork1807
snark1866
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1442 For he watȝ bronde bor alþer-grattest, Ful grymme quen he gronyedi þenne greued mony.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 126 Of thaire nature thei growne and berke euermore, but gentille greyhoundes do not so.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 917 A hogge groneth, ung pourceau grongne.
a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 95 For swyne so groyns In stye.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. xii. sig. Kk2v Some were of dogs, that barked day and night,..And some of Beares, that groynd continually. View more context for this quotation
b. esp. of the buck: To utter its peculiar cry at rutting time. (Cf. groan v. 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound
groan1486
groin1486
troat1611
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. dijv An harte belowyth and a bucke groynyth [1486 gronys] I fynde.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxix. 238 A Bucke groyneth.
1632 Guillim's Display of Heraldrie (ed. 2) iii. xiv. 177 A Bucke Growneth.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 134/1 A Buck when he sendeth forth his Cry, Groyneth or Growneth.
1713 J. Puckle Club (ed. 3) 49 And [he] told us, That an Hart Bellows, a Buck Groyns.
2. transferred. Of persons: To grumble, murmur.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > other vocal sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > grumble
groina1400
grumble1608
natter1862
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13590 Quen þai had striued þam emel And groigned, cuth na resun find.
c1400 Rom. Rose 7049 Whether so that he loure or groine.
c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 214/1 (MS. K.) Gronyn, or grochyn,..murmuro.
1537 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 555 To see who wold groyne at their execution.
1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie cxxxvi. 837 It is not ynough for a man to keepe his wyfe in his house..and in the meane time hee groyne at hir, he spurne hir, hee beateth hir.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

groinv.2

Brit. /ɡrɔɪn/, U.S. /ɡrɔɪn/
Etymology: < groin n.2
Architecture.
1. transitive. To form into or furnish with groins; to build with groins.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [verb (transitive)] > furnish with groin
groin1815
1815 T. Rickman in J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 150 The roof is often most delicately groined.
1848 J. R. Lowell Vision Sir Launfal ii. 17 All night by the white stars' frosty gleams He groined his arches and matched his beams.
1869 Daily News 27 Apr. The roof..is groined throughout in pitch pine of unusually beautiful quality.
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 57 The difficulty was how to groin these oblong bays.
2. intransitive. Of an arch, etc.: To spring as a groin.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [verb (intransitive)] > of arch: curve or slant upwards
summer1700
impost1730
spring1739
groin1805
1805 W. Close West's Antiq. Furness (new ed.) vi. 70 The vaulted roof that groined from those pillars.
1805 W. Close West's Antiq. Furness (new ed.) vi. 71 It is a single ribbed arch that groins from the wall.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.113..n.214..v.1a1400v.21805
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