groatsn.

/ɡrəʊts/

/ɡrɔːts/

Forms: (? Old English grotan), Middle English grotene, Middle English–1500s, 1700s grotes, Middle English–1500s Scottish grotis, Middle English, 1500s–1700s grots, (1500s groots), 1500s–1800s grotts, (1500s grottes), 1600s– groats.

Etymology: Old English *grotan weak plural, cognate with grot neuter, fragment, particle (see grot n.¹), and with grit n.², see for other connections.The word first occurs in an interpolation written c1200 on the margin of an 11th cent. manuscript; it is there spelt gratan , but as the passage is a blundered and half-modernized transcript from something of earlier date, there is little risk in correcting it to grotan , which is pre-supposed by the northern Middle English forms. The Old English form is commonly cited as grátan , but this admits of no known etymology, and is irreconcilable with the phonetic history of the word. With reference to the pronunciation compare groat n.

With plural agreement.

a. Hulled, or hulled and crushed grain of various kinds, chiefly oats, but also wheat, barley, and †maize. embden groats n. crushed barley or oats.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > prepared grains

polentaOE

groats?a1100

tisanea1425

oat groatsa1475

grist?1567

polent1577

French barley1596

pearl barley1639

shelled corn1676

pot barley1761

burghul1764

semolina1784

yokeag1824

burgoo1825

Scotch barley1825

pearl sago1828

semoletta1844

semola1853

manna croup1864

manna groats1864

corn chip1868

rolled oats1870

flake-manna1886

flake-tapioca1886

grape-nuts1898

kibble1902

stamped mealies1911

stamp1923

bulgur1934

freekeh1940

stamp mealies1952

?a1100 [MS.c1200] Sax. Leechd. III. 292 Nim atena grotan [MS. gratan].

1324–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 14 In Grotis emp. pro exitibus, 3d.]

c1358 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 562 In 4 bus. de Grotes emp. pro coquina, 3s. 6d.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 48 Grynd hom..With grotene.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 47 Fyrst take porke, wele þou hit sethe With otene grotes, þat ben so smethe.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 20 Ote grotis.

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Two Mice l. 282 in Poems (1981) 14 Ane plait of grottis and ane disch full off meill.

1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 214 Fra Etrike Forest furthward..Thou beggit..cruddis, mele, grotis, grisis and geis.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 559 The people of Rome for three hundred years together, used no other food than the groats made of common Wheat.

1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) v. xviii. 556 As for the Groats, which is vsually called common or course Oat-meale, they are excellent to make porridge of all kinds.

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery xvi. 146 Grotes [1796 Grits] once cut does better than Oatmeal.

1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 121 To enumerate the vast variety of ways in employing this noble grain [maize] for food such as hommany, mush, groats,..would be too tedious.

1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 117 I think it very possible, by some such operation as making grotts, to clear away the husks.

1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Groats, always used along with the blood in the composition of black puddings; hence the proverb current in Lonsdale, ‘Blood without groats is nowt’, meaning that family without fortune is of no consequence.

b. Phr. (Scottish) to ken one's own groats in other folks' kail: to know one's own handiwork. to give groats for pease, to gie (one) kail o' his ain groats: to pay (a person) in his own coin.

ΚΠ

1727 P. Walker Remarkable Passages 64 The Church excommunicated him, and he gave them Groats for Pease, he excommunicated them.

1819 J. Rennie St. Patrick I. v. 76 He tell't..how keen ye war tae gie the warlocks kail o' their ain groats.

1861 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life 2nd Ser. 93 D'ye think, Sir, I dinna ken my ain groats in ither folk's kail?

†2. Naked oats. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > oats > oat plants

pilcorn1283

aveyn1475

pillotes1551

pilled oats1578

naked oat1597

groats1669

pillez1764

oat1790

Scotch grey1798

turnip-oatsc1800

1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 41 There is a new sort of Oats, or Groats growing like unto whole Oatmeal, without any Hulls; they grow near the City of Durham.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Oats

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

groat-broth n.

ΚΠ

1737 tr. A. Pitcairne in Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) i. i. 44 Give the Child Groat-broth sometimes.

groat chest n.

ΚΠ

1531 Durham Bursar's Mem. in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) Gloss. p. ccccxxxii [Paid for a lock and key for] ‘le grot-chyst’, [4d.].

groat gruel n.

ΚΠ

1844 T. Webster & F. Parkes Encycl. Domest. Econ. 945 Common groat gruel—Wash three ounces of common groats, and [etc.].

C2.

† groat-sugar n. Obsolete coarse sugar.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > coarse sugar

gur1686

groat-sugar1743

bastard1766

foot sugar1818

rapadura1824

gur1834

piloncillo1844

pilonci1845

foot1871

1743 W. Ellis Suppl. to London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) 330 Boil Half a Pound of Groat Sugar in a Quart of Water.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	groats
释义	groatsn. /ɡrəʊts//ɡrɔːts/ Forms: (? Old English grotan), Middle English grotene, Middle English–1500s, 1700s grotes, Middle English–1500s Scottish grotis, Middle English, 1500s–1700s grots, (1500s groots), 1500s–1800s grotts, (1500s grottes), 1600s– groats. Etymology: Old English grotan weak plural, cognate with grot* neuter, fragment, particle (see grot n.¹), and with grit n.², see for other connections.The word first occurs in an interpolation written c1200 on the margin of an 11th cent. manuscript; it is there spelt gratan , but as the passage is a blundered and half-modernized transcript from something of earlier date, there is little risk in correcting it to grotan , which is pre-supposed by the northern Middle English forms. The Old English form is commonly cited as grátan , but this admits of no known etymology, and is irreconcilable with the phonetic history of the word. With reference to the pronunciation compare groat n. With plural agreement. 1. a. Hulled, or hulled and crushed grain of various kinds, chiefly oats, but also wheat, barley, and †maize. embden groats n. crushed barley or oats. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > prepared grains polentaOE groats?a1100 tisanea1425 oat groatsa1475 grist?1567 polent1577 French barley1596 pearl barley1639 shelled corn1676 pot barley1761 burghul1764 semolina1784 yokeag1824 burgoo1825 Scotch barley1825 pearl sago1828 semoletta1844 semola1853 manna croup1864 manna groats1864 corn chip1868 rolled oats1870 flake-manna1886 flake-tapioca1886 grape-nuts1898 kibble1902 stamped mealies1911 stamp1923 bulgur1934 freekeh1940 stamp mealies1952 ?a1100 [MS.c1200] Sax. Leechd. III. 292 Nim atena grotan [MS. gratan]. 1324–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 14 In Grotis emp. pro exitibus, 3d.] c1358 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 562 In 4 bus. de Grotes emp. pro coquina, 3s. 6d. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 48 Grynd hom..With grotene. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 47 Fyrst take porke, wele þou hit sethe With otene grotes, þat ben so smethe. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 20 Ote grotis. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Two Mice l. 282 in Poems (1981) 14 Ane plait of grottis and ane disch full off meill. 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 214 Fra Etrike Forest furthward..Thou beggit..cruddis, mele, grotis, grisis and geis. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 559 The people of Rome for three hundred years together, used no other food than the groats made of common Wheat. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) v. xviii. 556 As for the Groats, which is vsually called common or course Oat-meale, they are excellent to make porridge of all kinds. 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery xvi. 146 Grotes [1796 Grits] once cut does better than Oatmeal. 1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 121 To enumerate the vast variety of ways in employing this noble grain [maize] for food such as hommany, mush, groats,..would be too tedious. 1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 117 I think it very possible, by some such operation as making grotts, to clear away the husks. 1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Groats, always used along with the blood in the composition of black puddings; hence the proverb current in Lonsdale, ‘Blood without groats is nowt’, meaning that family without fortune is of no consequence. b. Phr. (Scottish) to ken one's own groats in other folks' kail: to know one's own handiwork. to give groats for pease, to gie (one) kail o' his ain groats: to pay (a person) in his own coin. ΚΠ 1727 P. Walker Remarkable Passages 64 The Church excommunicated him, and he gave them Groats for Pease, he excommunicated them. 1819 J. Rennie St. Patrick I. v. 76 He tell't..how keen ye war tae gie the warlocks kail o' their ain groats. 1861 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life 2nd Ser. 93 D'ye think, Sir, I dinna ken my ain groats in ither folk's kail? †2. Naked oats. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > oats > oat plants pilcorn1283 aveyn1475 pillotes1551 pilled oats1578 naked oat1597 groats1669 pillez1764 oat1790 Scotch grey1798 turnip-oatsc1800 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 41 There is a new sort of Oats, or Groats growing like unto whole Oatmeal, without any Hulls; they grow near the City of Durham. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Oats Compounds C1. General attributive. groat-broth n. ΚΠ 1737 tr. A. Pitcairne in Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) i. i. 44 Give the Child Groat-broth sometimes. groat chest n. ΚΠ 1531 Durham Bursar's Mem. in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) Gloss. p. ccccxxxii [Paid for a lock and key for] ‘le grot-chyst’, [4d.]. groat gruel n. ΚΠ 1844 T. Webster & F. Parkes Encycl. Domest. Econ. 945 Common groat gruel—Wash three ounces of common groats, and [etc.]. C2. † groat-sugar n. Obsolete coarse sugar. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > coarse sugar gur1686 groat-sugar1743 bastard1766 foot sugar1818 rapadura1824 gur1834 piloncillo1844 pilonci1845 foot1871 1743 W. Ellis Suppl. to London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) 330 Boil Half a Pound of Groat Sugar in a Quart of Water. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.?a1100
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