gritn.¹

Brit.

/ɡrɪt/, U.S.

/ɡrɪt/

Forms: α. Old English gréot, Middle English, 1600s, (1800s dialect) gret, Middle English greot, Middle English, (1800s dialect) greit, Middle English, 1600s grett, Middle English–1700s grete, Middle English–1800s greet, (Middle English–1600s greete, 1600s griet, 1700s–1800s dialect grate). β. 1500s grite, gryt, 1600s– grit.

Etymology: Old English gréot = Old Saxon griot , Old High German grioȥ (Middle High German grieȥ , German griesz ), Old Norse griót pebbles < Old Germanic *greuto^m , strong neuter; a pre-Germanic root *ghreud- : ghrud- appears in Lithuanian grūsti to crush, pound, Latvian grauds grain, Old Church Slavonic gruda clod. The abnormal development of the vowel may be due to assimilation to grit n.²

(a) collective singular. Formerly: Sand, gravel, small stones. Now: Minute particles of stone or sand, as produced by attrition or disintegration.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > grit

gritOE

pot ear1839

α.

OE Andreas (1932) 425 Sund is geblonden, grund wið greote.

OE Beowulf 3167 Forleton eorla gestreon eorðan healdan, gold on greote, þær hit nu gen lifað..unnyt.

OE Genesis 909 Þu scealt greot etan þine lifdagas.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2501 He fond awele [i.e. a well] ful gode, Al white it was, þe grete.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9938 Four strandes rinnes suete Thoru þat grauel and þat grett [Trin. Cambr. grete].

?a1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 121 With grete gravill and greete I skoure an oulde pane.

1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xii. Prol. 55 The syluer scalyt fyschis on the greit Ourthwort cleir stremis sprynkland for the heyt.

1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. xxv. 55 An Asscent straw'd w^th a slippery greet.

a1650 Dth. Robin Hood 100 in Furnivall Percy Folio I. 56 There make me a full fayre graue of grauell & of greete.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 38 Small Griet and Gravell may choak a man.

1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Gret, fine gravel, sand.

1883 T. Lees Easther's Gloss. Dial. Almondbury & Huddersfield Greet.

1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire Greit.

β. 1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica 685 Grite, or duste of stones or mettal, scobs.1618 E. Elton Complaint Sanctified Sinner xi. 239 Bread of deceit is sweet to a man..but afterwards it turnes to grit and grauell in his mouth.1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 37 Though we wash it never so wel, yet the grit cracks in our teeth.1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery vi. 62 Take two or three Eels,..and wash them from Grit.1845 Florist's Jrnl. 6 218 A considerable quantity of road grit.1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend I. ii. xv. 300 The city grit gets into the hair and eyes and skin.

(b) Used for grit n.²

ΚΠ

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 57 Muche fol he were þe machte grinde greot & hwete hweðer se he walde. ȝef he greot gronde & Leafde þe hwete. Hwete is hali speche. as seint anselme seið. he grint greot þe chafleð.

b. figurative, with reference to the unpleasant or injurious qualities of grit.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun]

loathc900

teenOE

ungrithlOE

wemming1100

waningc1175

wrongc1275

prejudicec1300

derea1325

torferc1325

eviltyc1330

griefc1330

wem1338

injurec1374

truitc1390

noyinga1398

inconvenience14..

nocument?a1425

outraya1425

injuryc1430

mischieving1432

supprise1442

incommodityc1450

interess1489

grudge1491

tort1532

wreaka1542

impeachment1548

inconveniency1553

indemnity1556

interestc1575

abuse1595

mischievance1600

oblesion1656

grit1876

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] > unpleasantness

loathnessc1175

offencec1425

noisomeness1506

unlusta1529

unpleasantness1546

displeasantness1547

discomfortableness1585

unlovelinessa1586

illnessc1595

unwelcome1603

unpleasingness1611

offensiveness1618

injucundity1623

disagreeableness1648

displeasingnessa1652

undelightfulness1653

distastefulness1654

beeishness1674

undesirableness1675

uncomfortableness1677

ungratefulnessa1680

unwelcomeness1682

nastiness1718

unkedness1727

disagreeability1788

unpleasantry1799

unpleasantry1810

grit1876

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] > unpleasantness > that which is unpleasant

unthankc897

offensiona1382

offencec1425

displeasure1470

pill1548

phlegm1567

water in a person's shoes1624

a whip and a bell1644

nastiness1718

disagreeable1726

watera1734

embitterer1752

disagreement1778

disagreeablism1835

grit1876

bad news1918

nasty1959

scuzz1968

napalm1984

1876 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 184 It gives you a shock of unpleasant surprise, a kind of grit, as when one's teeth close on a bit of gravel in a dish of strawberries and cream.

1884 J. S. Brewer Reign Henry VIII I. 105 The Venetian ambassador, gleeful as a schoolboy when he could throw grit into Wolsey's bread, was not sorry at the opportunity of carrying him the tidings.

1890 Spectator 13 Dec. Every tax is a handful of grit thrown into the machinery of industrial wealth, and impairs its productive powers.

c. A particle of sand. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > sand > grain of

sand1596

grit1601

millet seed1891

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 314 If haply there doe arise a tempest..they [bees] catch up some little stonie greet to ballaise and poise themselves against the wind.

1890 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. (ed. 6) 56 Application of acid may dissolve the grits away.

a. Coarse sandstone, esp. of the kinds used for millstones and grindstones; gritstone.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > stone for millstones or grindstones

gritc1275

gritstone1555

grit-rock1838

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > coarse sandstone

gritc1275

gritstone1555

cornbrash1813

grit-rock1838

α.

c1275 Serving Christ 67 in Old Eng. Misc. 92 Me graueþ þis gode in greote and in ston.

1391 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 109 In xvj petris de grete emp. pro j herthe.

c1400 Siege Jerusalem (1932) 35/621 With grete stones of gret & of gray marble.

1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) iii. ix. ii. 64 These [whetstones] also are divided either into the hard griet, as the common that shoomakers use, or the soft griet called hones.

1673 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 8 6010 The Portland stone [is] of a fine chalky greet, fit for all curious hewn and carved work.

1678 T. Hobbes Decameron Physiologicum x. 123 The Stone of which are made Milstones, which Stone is here called Greet.

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. M Shale, Chirts, Greet, &c. do produce very good Veins, and that last very well likewise.

β. 1710 Brit. Apollo 31 Mar.–3 Apr. A Grit or course free Stone.1784 J. Belknap Jrnl. 29 July in Tour to White Mts. (1876) 20 Grindstones are found at Fryeburg and at Amariscogin, of a fine grit, and hard.1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 222 The lacustrine strata are composed of gravel, grit and micaceous sandstone.1851 G. F. Richardson Introd. Geol. (1855) 450 The upper beds consist of quartzose grits.1874 W. B. Dawkins Cave Hunting ii. 25 The massive millstone grit of Derbyshire and Yorkshire.1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. ii. ii. §6. 158 By an augmentation in the size of the grains, a sandstone may become a grit, or a pebbly conglomerate sandstone.

†b. Applied by J. Hill to a ‘genus’ of fossils.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > fossil > [noun] > types of

astroite1610

belemnite1646

mussel-stone1660

scallop-stone1668

trochite1676

conchite1677

ophiomorphite1677

pectinite1677

worm-stone1677

musculite1681

serpent-stone1681

sugar-plum1681

glossopetraa1684

ague shell1708

forket1708

mytilite1727

grit1748

phytolithus1761

fairy beads1767

fairy fingers1780

fairy arrow1794

gryphite1794

ram's horn1797

hysterolite1799

tubulite1799

thunder-pick1801

celleporite1808

ceraunite1814

seraph1822

serpulite1828

coprolite1829

subfossil1831

pencil1843

trigonellite1845

buccinite1852

rudist1855

guide fossil1867

witch's cradle1867

coccolith1868

fairy cheeses1869

discolith1871

Portland screw1871

spiniferite1872

cyatholith1875

cryptozoon1883

sabellite1889

palaeospecies1895

homoeomorph1898

rudistid1900

megafossil1932

scolecodont1933

macrofossil1937

hystrichosphere1955

palynomorph1961

acritarch1963

molecular fossil1965

mitrate1967

1748 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. I. 569 Series III. Class IV. Order II. Genus I. Saburræ. Gritts. Fossils found in minute masses, forming together a kind of powder.

1748 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. I. 569 The white stony Gritts..consisting of pure Spar.

3. Earth, soil, mould; †the ground, as under the greet, in the greet, on the greet. Now Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun]

earthOE

claya1300

grita1325

groota1400

grounda1400

loama1400

soilc1440

marl1590

terroir1653

dirt1698

dutty1873

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3774 Erðe..opnede vnder ere fet, Held up neiðer ston ne gret.

c1330 Amis & Amil. 1530 Graven in grete so cold.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xiv. 23 As greyn that lyth in the greot and thorgh grace, atte laste, Spryngeth vp and spredeth.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16923 Nu is þe croice grauen vnder greit, and iesus vnder stan.

c1400 Melayne 1252 Many a Sarazene lay on his bake,..Full Grisely gronande one the grete.

?a1500 Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) 405 Take we the body of this sweet, and lay it low under the greet!

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 502 The blacke mould or grit.

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1752) 6 The side lands in the hill country are always the poorest, because the good grete, or mold, is washed down by the rain.

1811 [see grit-board n. at Compounds 2].

1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 87 Greet, earth, soil.

4. The grain or texture of a stone, in respect of fineness, coarseness, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being gritty > grit

grit?1530

the world > matter > constitution of matter > other specific kinds of texture > [noun] > grain of wood, stone, or metal > of stone in respect of fineness or coarseness

grit?1530

?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Cii^v These stonis at stonehenge be all of one gryt without chaunge of colour or vayne.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 588 In this kind there be of a more free and softer grit.

1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) lxxxix. 154 Let not the sand be either too sharp or too fine, but of a middle greet.

1694 S. Foley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 171 Of a whitish Free-stone colour, but a finer closer gret.

1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 40 The Grit or Grain of it greatly resembled that of a Millstone.

1811 G. S. Keith Agric. Surv. Aberdeen 56 (Jam.) When they mean to split it, they begin by drawing a straight line along the stone in the direction of its grete.

1835 T. Rickman Attempt to discriminate Styles Archit. Eng. (1848) App. 11 The ancient door is..of..a dark red sandstone of a strong grit.

figurative.a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §114 118 There..lived in this parish one Stone, who was of so hard a greete, that he lived to the age of one hundred and twenty years.

5. colloquial.

a. Originally U.S. slang. Firmness or solidity of character; indomitable spirit or pluck; stamina. to be clear grit, hard (etc.) grit: to have genuine spirit or pluck. to be the grit: to be the ‘right sort’, the genuine ‘article’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > moral courage > stoicism > [noun]

stoicism1630

grit1825

pecker1845

sand1867

stiff-upper-lippery1961

stiffupperlippishness1973

1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan III. 386 Proper fellow he was too; 'cute enough, I tell you—sharp as a razor—clear grit.

1843 T. C. Haliburton Attaché II. i. 13 If he hadn't a had the clear grit in him, and showed his teeth and claws.

1862 W. M. Thackeray Adventures of Philip III. ii. 47 If you were a chip of the old block you would be just what he called ‘the grit’.

1863 N. Hawthorne Our Old Home II. 179 His main deficiency was a lack of grit.

1873–4 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens III. xiii. ii. 12 John Fisher..had not lost his northern grit and twang.

1880 Daily Tel. 7 Oct. Our English lads are hard grit.

1892 Times 23 Apr. 7/1 Every appointment of the kind must be based wholly upon fitness and grit.

b. In Canadian politics, a Radical or Liberal. Formerly clear grit.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > other national politics > [noun] > Canadian politics > principles or policies > supporters of

Family Compact1828

grit1884

bleu1885

Red Tory1953

1884 Fortn. Rev. May 592 There arose up [in Canada] a political party of a Radical persuasion, who were called Clear-Grits, and the Clear-Grits declared for the secularisation of the Clergy Reserves.

1887 Goldwin Smith in Contemp. Rev. July 15 The names ‘Tory’ and ‘Grit’, by which they call each other, therefore, being free from meaning, are really more appropriate than Conservative and Liberal, by which they call themselves.

1887 Goldwin Smith in Contemp. Rev. July 15 Their leaders are more ready to accept baronetcies and knighthoods than the leaders of the Grits.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

grit-ashlar n.

ΚΠ

1855 Cornwall (1862) 77 The ‘best blue fine granite, or grit-ashlar, for building sea-walls’.

grit-band n.

ΚΠ

1881 Geol. Mag. Nov. 488 The beds are traversed by a coarse cleavage dipping south, which usually ignores the hard grit bands.

grit-bed n.

ΚΠ

1890 Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 46 496 The red slates with hard grit beds south of Goodrington beach support a Triassic outlier.

1953 W. J. Arkell & S. I. Tomkeieff Eng. Rock Terms 53/1 The original sense of ‘gravelly’ seems to be preserved in the local term Grit Bed used for the Melbourn Rock in the Middle Chalk of Kent and Sussex, which is a band of limestone with a hard nodular structure.

grit-country n.

ΚΠ

1878 Davis & Lees West Yorksh. i. i. 14 The deep valleys in the grit country usually have a stream at the bottom.

grit-getter n.

ΚΠ

1854 Illustr. London News 5 Aug. 118 Occupations of the people,..Grit-getter.

grit tombstone n.

ΚΠ

1839 W. B. Stonehouse Hist. Isle of Axholme 189 Mr. Wesley was buried in Epworth churchyard under a plain grit tombstone, supported by brick-work.

grit-tempered adj.

ΚΠ

1939 V. G. Childe Dawn European Civilization (ed. 3) xii. 214 The ‘classical’ beaker..made of relatively fine grit-tempered ware.

C2.

grit-berry n. a name for the genus Comarostaphylis ( Treasury Bot. 1866).

grit-blast v. (transitive and absol.) .

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > grit-, sand-, or shot-blasting > [verb (transitive)]

sand-blast1888

shot-blast1937

grit-blast1962

1962 Flight Internat. 82 201/1 The finished spar would be grit-blasted,..principally in order to remove small amounts of metal under closely controlled conditions.

1964 Financial Times 8 Sept. 11/4 The operator can safely grit-blast without having to dress in protective clothing.

grit-blasting n. the use of a stream of abrasive particles directed at a surface to clean it and roughen it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > grit-, sand-, or shot-blasting > [noun]

sand-blasting1904

shot-blast1923

shot-blasting1934

grit-blasting1936

1936 Metals Handbk. (Amer. Soc. Metals) 841 (heading) Cleaning metals by blast cleaning process (also known as sand blasting, grit, and shot blasting).

1947 Mettallurgia Apr. 279/2 Such a cleaning process as grit blasting lowers the corrosion resistance of the alloys.

1963 Times 22 Apr. p. v/1 To make sure the zinc sticks the steel must be roughened by gritblasting immediately beforehand.

grit-board n. dialect the earth-board of a plough.

ΚΠ

1811 T. Davis Gen. View Agric. Wilts. (new ed.) 263 Grate board, or bread Board—The mould or earth-board of a plough which turns the furrow; earth being frequently called grate.

1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall Greet-board, the earth-board of a plough.

grit-cell n. = stone cell n. at stone n. Compounds 2a, sclereid n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > types of > stone-cell or fibre

fibre1663

sclerenchyma1875

stone cell1875

scleroblast1882

stone-element1884

sclereid1896

grit-cell1900

Malpighian cell1900

1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms 115/2 Grit-cell, a sclerotic cell, as in the flesh of pears.

1960 W. B. R. Laidlaw Guide Brit. Hardwoods 103 Fruit pear-shaped; with grit-cells.

grit-emery n. coarse emery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > polishing > [noun] > polish > types of

pumice1422

emery1481

foam of copperas1538

pumex1589

emery-stone1610

smiris1610

putty1663

rottenstone1677

tutty1731

French rouge?1745

rotstone1767

plate powder1786

emery-powder18..

rouge1808

waxing1825

black lead1830

tin-putty1839

red stuff1844

stove-polish1858

crocusa1861

crocus-powder1873

furniture cream1873

grit-emery1884

silver polish1895

Ronuk1896

Brasso1905

floor polish1907

lavender cream1926

lavender polish1961

lavender wax1970

1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 101 Grit or corn Emery, used for sharpening cutting burnishers.

grit-rock n. = gritstone n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > stone for millstones or grindstones

gritc1275

gritstone1555

grit-rock1838

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > coarse sandstone

gritc1275

gritstone1555

cornbrash1813

grit-rock1838

1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 439/2 In the Carpathian mountains and in the Alps grit-rocks with abundance of fuci (grès des Carpathes) represent the greensands of France and England.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

gritn.²

Brit.

/ɡrɪt/, U.S.

/ɡrɪt/

Forms: Now only plural and dialect. Forms: α. singular Old English grytt, 1600s gritt, 1700s grit. plural Old English grytta, gretta, Middle English genitive gruttene, 1600s gritts, 1600s– grits. β. plural 1600s gurts, gert (see girt-brew n.), 1800s girts. γ. plural 1500s– greats, (1600s greyts, 1600s–1700s greets).

Etymology: Old English grytt(e strong and weak feminine, usually in plural grytta(n = Middle Low German, Dutch grutte (feminine), Old High German gruzzi (Middle High German, German grütze ) < Old Germanic type *grutjâ , grutjôn- , < Germanic root *greut- , graut- , grūt- , whence also groats n. (a synonym, usually regarded as a mere variant, of this word), and grit n.¹This and grit n.¹ seem to have mutually influenced each other in form, whence the γ forms here and the β forms of grit n.¹

†1. Bran, chaff, mill-dust. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > chaff or husks of grain

grita700

chaffc1000

crapa1425

coralc1440

pug?1440

shelling1598

shood1601

ray1656

scufting1688

rubble1767

cosh1787

sheeling-seeds1802

a700 Epinal Gloss. 823 Pullis, grytt.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 141/20 Apludes uel cantabra, hwæte gryttan.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 220 Þam mannum sceal man sellan..niwe beren mela oððe grytta.

a1100 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 330/33 Furfures, gretta.

11.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 505/13 Polline, gryttes.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 141 Þisis godes Heste þet him is leoure þenne gruttene bred oðer hard here.

2. Oats that have been husked but not ground (or only coarsely); coarse oatmeal. This is the general use of the word, but its application varies and has varied in English dialects; in America it is applied to other kinds of grain. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > oatmeal > coarse

grit1584

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health vii. 28 Of the greates or grotes..boyled in water with salt they make a kinde of meate.

1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 457 Otemeale Greyts.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 559 In Gaule..they have a kind of fourmentie corn or gurts..named in their language Brance.

1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1668) ii. viii. 178 The Greets or full Kernels will separate from the smaller oatmeal.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Lincs. 153 Gruel..is wholsome Spoon-meat..Water is the Matter, Grits the Form thereof.

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. vi. 205 They are much smaller, without husk, and are indeed perfect gritts naturally, requiring no Mill to make them into Oatemeal.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Oat meal The bigger kind of Oat-Meal, which is call'd Greets, or Corn Oat-Meal.

1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Family Compan. 206 Whole greets boiled in water till they burst, and then mixt with butter.

1796 Glasse's Art of Cookery (new ed.) xxi. 335 Grits [1747 (ed. 1) grotes] once cut does better than oatmeal.

1818 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory (ed. 2) ii. 68 Gruels, or decoctions of grits [1811 groats] or of oatmeal, are excellent demulcents.

1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Girts, oatmeal. Var. dial.

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 426/1 Grits (Milling), cracked fragments of wheat smaller than groats.

1886 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) In America, fine hominy is called grits, and wheat prepared in the same way is likewise so designated.

1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling iii. 27 Breakfast was on the table... There were grits and gravy, hot cakes, and buttermilk.

1961 Encounter 16 20 Other eaters..were forking up eggs and grits.

1969 New Yorker 10 May 32/1 We stopped for scrambled eggs and grits in a little town in Alabama.

3. attributive, as grit-gruel. See also girt-brew n.

ΚΠ

1844 T. Webster & F. Parkes Encycl. Domest. Econ. 739 In the case of grits, this cuticle is entirely kept back, which accounts for the smoothness, as it is termed, of grit-gruel.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gritn.³

Brit.

/ɡrɪt/, U.S.

/ɡrɪt/

Forms: (Only in dictionaries: see also gryff n.)

Etymology: ? Representing Old English grytte spider, which is found once as a gloss on gongeweafre (Vulgate aranea) in Vespasian Psalter lxxxix. 9.

A kind of crab.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > marine crab

grampell1598

grit1598

sea-crab1601

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Paguro, a kind of creuis or crafish called a grit, a grampell, or a punger.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words A Grit, a kinde of fish, otherwise called a Grample fish.

1721 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict.

1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Grit, the sea-crab. Linc.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Gritt, an east-country term for the sea-crab.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gritv.

Brit.

/ɡrɪt/, U.S.

/ɡrɪt/

Etymology: < grit n.¹

1. intransitive. To produce a grating sound such as is caused by the crushing of grit; to move with such a grating noise.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate

grindOE

grutch1493

frais1513

grate1597

grit1762

rasp1868

grinch1892

crunkle1900

1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 121 The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread.

1810 Splendid Follies I. 191 The wheel gritted slowly along.

1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xviii. 306 Several gigs, and carriages of various descriptions, gritted past us, through the deep sand of the unpaved thoroughfares.

1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Grit, to squeak or grunt. Somerset.

1851 J. R. Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 216 A burnt stick that goes gritting, Grit, gritting o'er the canvas.

1859 E. C. Gaskell Round the Sofa 250 He pulled a face as if he had heard a slate-pencil gritting against a slate.

2. transitive. To cover with grit or sand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > coat or cover with a layer [verb (transitive)] > cover with sand, etc.

grit1842

1842 [see gritted adj. at Derivatives].

1899 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 421/2 His hands and gun all sand gritted with his labour of wall erection.

3. To cause to make a grating or ‘gritty’ sound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (transitive)] > grate

grate1594

gride1820

grit1851

1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows ii. xxii. 131 Murmurously the ebbing waters grit The little pebbles.

a. To grind or grate (the teeth).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > show anger [verb (transitive)] > gnash or grind the teeth

gnasta1300

grunta1400

grate1555

gnash1590

beat1597

grit1797

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > manifest sorrow [verb (transitive)] > gnash (teeth)

gnasta1300

crashc1440

grash1563

grind1573

gnash1590

grit1797

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (transitive)] > grate > grind or gnash (teeth)

grind1340

grunta1400

crashc1440

graislea1522

grate1555

jar1568

beat1597

champ1775

grit1797

1797 T. Jefferson Writings (1903) I. 416 Mr. Adams,..gritting his teeth, said [etc.].

1840 Southern Literary Messenger 6 735/2 The duellist gritted his teeth as he cocked the gun a second time.

1848 J. R. Lowell Fable for Critics in Poems (1890) III. 30 Just conceive how much harder your teeth you'd have gritted.

1887 F. R. Stockton Borrowed Month 27 I gritted my teeth as I thought what a despicable thing it would be.

b. To utter with gritting of the teeth.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > through gritted teeth

grit1900

worry1906

1900 Daily News 11 Oct. 3/1 The Boers have gritted it between their teeth, mingling it with sullen curses—for to the veldtsman the name [of J. Chamberlain] is as the name of a thing accursed.

1910 C. E. Mulford Hopalong Cassidy i. 11 ‘I'll kill you some day, you whelp,’ he gritted.

Derivatives

ˈgritted adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [adjective] > grating > grinding or gnashing teeth

gnash1582

grated1590

frendent1630

gnashing1700

gritted1842

1842 Ld. Tennyson Will Waterproof's Monologue in Poems (new ed.) II. 194 When..thou shalt cease To pace the gritted floor.

1897 Outing 30 422/1 The gritted teeth, and the tension of the body, show what power this player has put into his shot.

ˈgritting adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [adjective] > gritting roads in icy weather

gritting1968

1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log xxiii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 153/1 Thundering them down again against the flint-hard coral spikes, with a loud gritting rumble.

1968 Times 26 Mar. 2/2 A big new road-gritting machine.

ˈgritting n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [noun] > gritting roads in icy weather

gritting1823

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [noun] > grating or rasping > grinding or gnashing teeth

gristbitingc950

gristc1000

gristbitec1275

gnastinga1300

grinding1340

grintingc1386

grispingc1400

gruntinga1425

gnashing1495

gritting1823

1823 Massachusetts Spy 30 Apr. The harmony arising from the filing of a saw, or the gritting of teeth.

a1849 E. A. Poe Tales & Sketches (1852) 255 I could have sworn that it was the gritting of this vagabond's teeth.

1901 Daily News 13 Mar. 5/2 The gritting and corroding of tubes.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 14 Dec. 11/2 The Borough Council includes no less a sum than £2,000 for snow removal and the gritting of the roads.

1963 Guardian 21 Jan. 1/1 Todmorden local authority has a plough and gritting lorry out.

1963 Times 4 Feb. 6/6 Snow ploughs and gritting gangs worked throughout yesterday to clear 50,000 miles of snow-covered trunk roads.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹OE

n.²a700

n.³1598

v.1762

单词	grit
释义	gritn.¹ Brit. /ɡrɪt/, U.S. /ɡrɪt/ Forms: α. Old English gréot, Middle English, 1600s, (1800s dialect) gret, Middle English greot, Middle English, (1800s dialect) greit, Middle English, 1600s grett, Middle English–1700s grete, Middle English–1800s greet, (Middle English–1600s greete, 1600s griet, 1700s–1800s dialect grate). β. 1500s grite, gryt, 1600s– grit. Etymology: Old English gréot = Old Saxon griot , Old High German grioȥ (Middle High German grieȥ , German griesz ), Old Norse griót pebbles < Old Germanic greuto^m , strong neuter; a pre-Germanic root ghreud- : ghrud- appears in Lithuanian grūsti to crush, pound, Latvian grauds grain, Old Church Slavonic gruda clod. The abnormal development of the vowel may be due to assimilation to grit n.² 1. a. (a) collective singular. Formerly: Sand, gravel, small stones. Now: Minute particles of stone or sand, as produced by attrition or disintegration. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > grit gritOE pot ear1839 α. OE Andreas (1932) 425 Sund is geblonden, grund wið greote. OE Beowulf 3167 Forleton eorla gestreon eorðan healdan, gold on greote, þær hit nu gen lifað..unnyt. OE Genesis 909 Þu scealt greot etan þine lifdagas. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2501 He fond awele [i.e. a well] ful gode, Al white it was, þe grete. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9938 Four strandes rinnes suete Thoru þat grauel and þat grett [Trin. Cambr. grete]. ?a1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 121 With grete gravill and greete I skoure an oulde pane. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xii. Prol. 55 The syluer scalyt fyschis on the greit Ourthwort cleir stremis sprynkland for the heyt. 1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. xxv. 55 An Asscent straw'd w^th a slippery greet. a1650 Dth. Robin Hood 100 in Furnivall Percy Folio I. 56 There make me a full fayre graue of grauell & of greete. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 38 Small Griet and Gravell may choak a man. 1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Gret, fine gravel, sand. 1883 T. Lees Easther's Gloss. Dial. Almondbury & Huddersfield Greet. 1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire Greit. β. 1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica 685 Grite, or duste of stones or mettal, scobs.1618 E. Elton Complaint Sanctified Sinner xi. 239 Bread of deceit is sweet to a man..but afterwards it turnes to grit and grauell in his mouth.1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 37 Though we wash it never so wel, yet the grit cracks in our teeth.1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery vi. 62 Take two or three Eels,..and wash them from Grit.1845 Florist's Jrnl. 6 218 A considerable quantity of road grit.1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend I. ii. xv. 300 The city grit gets into the hair and eyes and skin. (b) Used for grit n.² ΚΠ ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 57 Muche fol he were þe machte grinde greot & hwete hweðer se he walde. ȝef he greot gronde & Leafde þe hwete. Hwete is hali speche. as seint anselme seið. he grint greot þe chafleð. b. figurative, with reference to the unpleasant or injurious qualities of grit. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun] loathc900 teenOE ungrithlOE wemming1100 waningc1175 wrongc1275 prejudicec1300 derea1325 torferc1325 eviltyc1330 griefc1330 wem1338 injurec1374 truitc1390 noyinga1398 inconvenience14.. nocument?a1425 outraya1425 injuryc1430 mischieving1432 supprise1442 incommodityc1450 interess1489 grudge1491 tort1532 wreaka1542 impeachment1548 inconveniency1553 indemnity1556 interestc1575 abuse1595 mischievance1600 oblesion1656 grit1876 the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] > unpleasantness loathnessc1175 offencec1425 noisomeness1506 unlusta1529 unpleasantness1546 displeasantness1547 discomfortableness1585 unlovelinessa1586 illnessc1595 unwelcome1603 unpleasingness1611 offensiveness1618 injucundity1623 disagreeableness1648 displeasingnessa1652 undelightfulness1653 distastefulness1654 beeishness1674 undesirableness1675 uncomfortableness1677 ungratefulnessa1680 unwelcomeness1682 nastiness1718 unkedness1727 disagreeability1788 unpleasantry1799 unpleasantry1810 grit1876 the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] > unpleasantness > that which is unpleasant unthankc897 offensiona1382 offencec1425 displeasure1470 pill1548 phlegm1567 water in a person's shoes1624 a whip and a bell1644 nastiness1718 disagreeable1726 watera1734 embitterer1752 disagreement1778 disagreeablism1835 grit1876 bad news1918 nasty1959 scuzz1968 napalm1984 1876 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 184 It gives you a shock of unpleasant surprise, a kind of grit, as when one's teeth close on a bit of gravel in a dish of strawberries and cream. 1884 J. S. Brewer Reign Henry VIII I. 105 The Venetian ambassador, gleeful as a schoolboy when he could throw grit into Wolsey's bread, was not sorry at the opportunity of carrying him the tidings. 1890 Spectator 13 Dec. Every tax is a handful of grit thrown into the machinery of industrial wealth, and impairs its productive powers. c. A particle of sand. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > sand > grain of sand1596 grit1601 millet seed1891 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 314 If haply there doe arise a tempest..they [bees] catch up some little stonie greet to ballaise and poise themselves against the wind. 1890 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. (ed. 6) 56 Application of acid may dissolve the grits away. 2. a. Coarse sandstone, esp. of the kinds used for millstones and grindstones; gritstone. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > stone for millstones or grindstones gritc1275 gritstone1555 grit-rock1838 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > coarse sandstone gritc1275 gritstone1555 cornbrash1813 grit-rock1838 α. c1275 Serving Christ 67 in Old Eng. Misc. 92 Me graueþ þis gode in greote and in ston. 1391 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 109 In xvj petris de grete emp. pro j herthe. c1400 Siege Jerusalem (1932) 35/621 With grete stones of gret & of gray marble. 1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) iii. ix. ii. 64 These [whetstones] also are divided either into the hard griet, as the common that shoomakers use, or the soft griet called hones. 1673 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 8 6010 The Portland stone [is] of a fine chalky greet, fit for all curious hewn and carved work. 1678 T. Hobbes Decameron Physiologicum x. 123 The Stone of which are made Milstones, which Stone is here called Greet. 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. M Shale, Chirts, Greet, &c. do produce very good Veins, and that last very well likewise. β. 1710 Brit. Apollo 31 Mar.–3 Apr. A Grit or course free Stone.1784 J. Belknap Jrnl. 29 July in Tour to White Mts. (1876) 20 Grindstones are found at Fryeburg and at Amariscogin, of a fine grit, and hard.1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 222 The lacustrine strata are composed of gravel, grit and micaceous sandstone.1851 G. F. Richardson Introd. Geol. (1855) 450 The upper beds consist of quartzose grits.1874 W. B. Dawkins Cave Hunting ii. 25 The massive millstone grit of Derbyshire and Yorkshire.1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. ii. ii. §6. 158 By an augmentation in the size of the grains, a sandstone may become a grit, or a pebbly conglomerate sandstone. †b. Applied by J. Hill to a ‘genus’ of fossils. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > fossil > [noun] > types of astroite1610 belemnite1646 mussel-stone1660 scallop-stone1668 trochite1676 conchite1677 ophiomorphite1677 pectinite1677 worm-stone1677 musculite1681 serpent-stone1681 sugar-plum1681 glossopetraa1684 ague shell1708 forket1708 mytilite1727 grit1748 phytolithus1761 fairy beads1767 fairy fingers1780 fairy arrow1794 gryphite1794 ram's horn1797 hysterolite1799 tubulite1799 thunder-pick1801 celleporite1808 ceraunite1814 seraph1822 serpulite1828 coprolite1829 subfossil1831 pencil1843 trigonellite1845 buccinite1852 rudist1855 guide fossil1867 witch's cradle1867 coccolith1868 fairy cheeses1869 discolith1871 Portland screw1871 spiniferite1872 cyatholith1875 cryptozoon1883 sabellite1889 palaeospecies1895 homoeomorph1898 rudistid1900 megafossil1932 scolecodont1933 macrofossil1937 hystrichosphere1955 palynomorph1961 acritarch1963 molecular fossil1965 mitrate1967 1748 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. I. 569 Series III. Class IV. Order II. Genus I. Saburræ. Gritts. Fossils found in minute masses, forming together a kind of powder. 1748 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. I. 569 The white stony Gritts..consisting of pure Spar. 3. Earth, soil, mould; †the ground, as under the greet, in the greet, on the greet. Now Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] earthOE claya1300 grita1325 groota1400 grounda1400 loama1400 soilc1440 marl1590 terroir1653 dirt1698 dutty1873 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3774 Erðe..opnede vnder ere fet, Held up neiðer ston ne gret. c1330 Amis & Amil. 1530 Graven in grete so cold. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xiv. 23 As greyn that lyth in the greot and thorgh grace, atte laste, Spryngeth vp and spredeth. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16923 Nu is þe croice grauen vnder greit, and iesus vnder stan. c1400 Melayne 1252 Many a Sarazene lay on his bake,..Full Grisely gronande one the grete. ?a1500 Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) 405 Take we the body of this sweet, and lay it low under the greet! 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 502 The blacke mould or grit. a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1752) 6 The side lands in the hill country are always the poorest, because the good grete, or mold, is washed down by the rain. 1811 [see grit-board n. at Compounds 2]. 1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 87 Greet, earth, soil. 4. The grain or texture of a stone, in respect of fineness, coarseness, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being gritty > grit grit?1530 the world > matter > constitution of matter > other specific kinds of texture > [noun] > grain of wood, stone, or metal > of stone in respect of fineness or coarseness grit?1530 ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Cii^v These stonis at stonehenge be all of one gryt without chaunge of colour or vayne. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 588 In this kind there be of a more free and softer grit. 1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) lxxxix. 154 Let not the sand be either too sharp or too fine, but of a middle greet. 1694 S. Foley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 171 Of a whitish Free-stone colour, but a finer closer gret. 1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 40 The Grit or Grain of it greatly resembled that of a Millstone. 1811 G. S. Keith Agric. Surv. Aberdeen 56 (Jam.) When they mean to split it, they begin by drawing a straight line along the stone in the direction of its grete. 1835 T. Rickman Attempt to discriminate Styles Archit. Eng. (1848) App. 11 The ancient door is..of..a dark red sandstone of a strong grit. figurative.a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §114 118 There..lived in this parish one Stone, who was of so hard a greete, that he lived to the age of one hundred and twenty years. 5. colloquial. a. Originally U.S. slang. Firmness or solidity of character; indomitable spirit or pluck; stamina. to be clear grit, hard (etc.) grit: to have genuine spirit or pluck. to be the grit: to be the ‘right sort’, the genuine ‘article’. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > moral courage > stoicism > [noun] stoicism1630 grit1825 pecker1845 sand1867 stiff-upper-lippery1961 stiffupperlippishness1973 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan III. 386 Proper fellow he was too; 'cute enough, I tell you—sharp as a razor—clear grit. 1843 T. C. Haliburton Attaché II. i. 13 If he hadn't a had the clear grit in him, and showed his teeth and claws. 1862 W. M. Thackeray Adventures of Philip III. ii. 47 If you were a chip of the old block you would be just what he called ‘the grit’. 1863 N. Hawthorne Our Old Home II. 179 His main deficiency was a lack of grit. 1873–4 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens III. xiii. ii. 12 John Fisher..had not lost his northern grit and twang. 1880 Daily Tel. 7 Oct. Our English lads are hard grit. 1892 Times 23 Apr. 7/1 Every appointment of the kind must be based wholly upon fitness and grit. b. In Canadian politics, a Radical or Liberal. Formerly clear grit. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > other national politics > [noun] > Canadian politics > principles or policies > supporters of Family Compact1828 grit1884 bleu1885 Red Tory1953 1884 Fortn. Rev. May 592 There arose up [in Canada] a political party of a Radical persuasion, who were called Clear-Grits, and the Clear-Grits declared for the secularisation of the Clergy Reserves. 1887 Goldwin Smith in Contemp. Rev. July 15 The names ‘Tory’ and ‘Grit’, by which they call each other, therefore, being free from meaning, are really more appropriate than Conservative and Liberal, by which they call themselves. 1887 Goldwin Smith in Contemp. Rev. July 15 Their leaders are more ready to accept baronetcies and knighthoods than the leaders of the Grits. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. grit-ashlar n. ΚΠ 1855 Cornwall (1862) 77 The ‘best blue fine granite, or grit-ashlar, for building sea-walls’. grit-band n. ΚΠ 1881 Geol. Mag. Nov. 488 The beds are traversed by a coarse cleavage dipping south, which usually ignores the hard grit bands. grit-bed n. ΚΠ 1890 Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 46 496 The red slates with hard grit beds south of Goodrington beach support a Triassic outlier. 1953 W. J. Arkell & S. I. Tomkeieff Eng. Rock Terms 53/1 The original sense of ‘gravelly’ seems to be preserved in the local term Grit Bed used for the Melbourn Rock in the Middle Chalk of Kent and Sussex, which is a band of limestone with a hard nodular structure. grit-country n. ΚΠ 1878 Davis & Lees West Yorksh. i. i. 14 The deep valleys in the grit country usually have a stream at the bottom. grit-getter n. ΚΠ 1854 Illustr. London News 5 Aug. 118 Occupations of the people,..Grit-getter. grit tombstone n. ΚΠ 1839 W. B. Stonehouse Hist. Isle of Axholme 189 Mr. Wesley was buried in Epworth churchyard under a plain grit tombstone, supported by brick-work. b. grit-tempered adj. ΚΠ 1939 V. G. Childe Dawn European Civilization (ed. 3) xii. 214 The ‘classical’ beaker..made of relatively fine grit-tempered ware. C2. grit-berry n. a name for the genus Comarostaphylis ( Treasury Bot. 1866). grit-blast v. (transitive and absol.) . ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > grit-, sand-, or shot-blasting > [verb (transitive)] sand-blast1888 shot-blast1937 grit-blast1962 1962 Flight Internat. 82 201/1 The finished spar would be grit-blasted,..principally in order to remove small amounts of metal under closely controlled conditions. 1964 Financial Times 8 Sept. 11/4 The operator can safely grit-blast without having to dress in protective clothing. grit-blasting n. the use of a stream of abrasive particles directed at a surface to clean it and roughen it. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > grit-, sand-, or shot-blasting > [noun] sand-blasting1904 shot-blast1923 shot-blasting1934 grit-blasting1936 1936 Metals Handbk. (Amer. Soc. Metals) 841 (heading) Cleaning metals by blast cleaning process (also known as sand blasting, grit, and shot blasting). 1947 Mettallurgia Apr. 279/2 Such a cleaning process as grit blasting lowers the corrosion resistance of the alloys. 1963 Times 22 Apr. p. v/1 To make sure the zinc sticks the steel must be roughened by gritblasting immediately beforehand. grit-board n. dialect the earth-board of a plough. ΚΠ 1811 T. Davis Gen. View Agric. Wilts. (new ed.) 263 Grate board, or bread Board—The mould or earth-board of a plough which turns the furrow; earth being frequently called grate. 1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall Greet-board, the earth-board of a plough. grit-cell n. = stone cell n. at stone n. Compounds 2a, sclereid n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > types of > stone-cell or fibre fibre1663 sclerenchyma1875 stone cell1875 scleroblast1882 stone-element1884 sclereid1896 grit-cell1900 Malpighian cell1900 1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms 115/2 Grit-cell, a sclerotic cell, as in the flesh of pears. 1960 W. B. R. Laidlaw Guide Brit. Hardwoods 103 Fruit pear-shaped; with grit-cells. grit-emery n. coarse emery. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > polishing > [noun] > polish > types of pumice1422 emery1481 foam of copperas1538 pumex1589 emery-stone1610 smiris1610 putty1663 rottenstone1677 tutty1731 French rouge?1745 rotstone1767 plate powder1786 emery-powder18.. rouge1808 waxing1825 black lead1830 tin-putty1839 red stuff1844 stove-polish1858 crocusa1861 crocus-powder1873 furniture cream1873 grit-emery1884 silver polish1895 Ronuk1896 Brasso1905 floor polish1907 lavender cream1926 lavender polish1961 lavender wax1970 1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 101 Grit or corn Emery, used for sharpening cutting burnishers. grit-rock n. = gritstone n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > stone for millstones or grindstones gritc1275 gritstone1555 grit-rock1838 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > coarse sandstone gritc1275 gritstone1555 cornbrash1813 grit-rock1838 1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 439/2 In the Carpathian mountains and in the Alps grit-rocks with abundance of fuci (grès des Carpathes) represent the greensands of France and England. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). gritn.² Brit. /ɡrɪt/, U.S. /ɡrɪt/ Forms: Now only plural and dialect. Forms: α. singular Old English grytt, 1600s gritt, 1700s grit. plural Old English grytta, gretta, Middle English genitive gruttene, 1600s gritts, 1600s– grits. β. plural 1600s gurts, gert (see girt-brew n.), 1800s girts. γ. plural 1500s– greats, (1600s greyts, 1600s–1700s greets). Etymology: Old English grytt(e strong and weak feminine, usually in plural grytta(n = Middle Low German, Dutch grutte (feminine), Old High German gruzzi (Middle High German, German grütze ) < Old Germanic type grutjâ , grutjôn-* , < Germanic root greut- , graut-* , grūt- , whence also groats n. (a synonym, usually regarded as a mere variant, of this word), and grit n.¹This and grit n.¹ seem to have mutually influenced each other in form, whence the γ forms here and the β forms of grit n.¹ †1. Bran, chaff, mill-dust. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > chaff or husks of grain grita700 chaffc1000 crapa1425 coralc1440 pug?1440 shelling1598 shood1601 ray1656 scufting1688 rubble1767 cosh1787 sheeling-seeds1802 a700 Epinal Gloss. 823 Pullis, grytt. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 141/20 Apludes uel cantabra, hwæte gryttan. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 220 Þam mannum sceal man sellan..niwe beren mela oððe grytta. a1100 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 330/33 Furfures, gretta. 11.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 505/13 Polline, gryttes. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 141 Þisis godes Heste þet him is leoure þenne gruttene bred oðer hard here. 2. Oats that have been husked but not ground (or only coarsely); coarse oatmeal. This is the general use of the word, but its application varies and has varied in English dialects; in America it is applied to other kinds of grain. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > oatmeal > coarse grit1584 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health vii. 28 Of the greates or grotes..boyled in water with salt they make a kinde of meate. 1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 457 Otemeale Greyts. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 559 In Gaule..they have a kind of fourmentie corn or gurts..named in their language Brance. 1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1668) ii. viii. 178 The Greets or full Kernels will separate from the smaller oatmeal. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Lincs. 153 Gruel..is wholsome Spoon-meat..Water is the Matter, Grits the Form thereof. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. vi. 205 They are much smaller, without husk, and are indeed perfect gritts naturally, requiring no Mill to make them into Oatemeal. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Oat meal The bigger kind of Oat-Meal, which is call'd Greets, or Corn Oat-Meal. 1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Family Compan. 206 Whole greets boiled in water till they burst, and then mixt with butter. 1796 Glasse's Art of Cookery (new ed.) xxi. 335 Grits [1747 (ed. 1) grotes] once cut does better than oatmeal. 1818 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory (ed. 2) ii. 68 Gruels, or decoctions of grits [1811 groats] or of oatmeal, are excellent demulcents. 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Girts, oatmeal. Var. dial. a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 426/1 Grits (Milling), cracked fragments of wheat smaller than groats. 1886 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) In America, fine hominy is called grits, and wheat prepared in the same way is likewise so designated. 1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling iii. 27 Breakfast was on the table... There were grits and gravy, hot cakes, and buttermilk. 1961 Encounter 16 20 Other eaters..were forking up eggs and grits. 1969 New Yorker 10 May 32/1 We stopped for scrambled eggs and grits in a little town in Alabama. 3. attributive, as grit-gruel. See also girt-brew n. ΚΠ 1844 T. Webster & F. Parkes Encycl. Domest. Econ. 739 In the case of grits, this cuticle is entirely kept back, which accounts for the smoothness, as it is termed, of grit-gruel. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). gritn.³ Brit. /ɡrɪt/, U.S. /ɡrɪt/ Forms: (Only in dictionaries: see also gryff n.) Etymology: ? Representing Old English grytte spider, which is found once as a gloss on gongeweafre (Vulgate aranea) in Vespasian Psalter lxxxix. 9. A kind of crab. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > marine crab grampell1598 grit1598 sea-crab1601 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Paguro, a kind of creuis or crafish called a grit, a grampell, or a punger. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words A Grit, a kinde of fish, otherwise called a Grample fish. 1721 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Grit, the sea-crab. Linc. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Gritt, an east-country term for the sea-crab. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). gritv. Brit. /ɡrɪt/, U.S. /ɡrɪt/ Etymology: < grit n.¹ 1. intransitive. To produce a grating sound such as is caused by the crushing of grit; to move with such a grating noise. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate grindOE grutch1493 frais1513 grate1597 grit1762 rasp1868 grinch1892 crunkle1900 1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 121 The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread. 1810 Splendid Follies I. 191 The wheel gritted slowly along. 1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xviii. 306 Several gigs, and carriages of various descriptions, gritted past us, through the deep sand of the unpaved thoroughfares. 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Grit, to squeak or grunt. Somerset. 1851 J. R. Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 216 A burnt stick that goes gritting, Grit, gritting o'er the canvas. 1859 E. C. Gaskell Round the Sofa 250 He pulled a face as if he had heard a slate-pencil gritting against a slate. 2. transitive. To cover with grit or sand. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > coat or cover with a layer [verb (transitive)] > cover with sand, etc. grit1842 1842 [see gritted adj. at Derivatives]. 1899 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 421/2 His hands and gun all sand gritted with his labour of wall erection. 3. To cause to make a grating or ‘gritty’ sound. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (transitive)] > grate grate1594 gride1820 grit1851 1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows ii. xxii. 131 Murmurously the ebbing waters grit The little pebbles. 4. a. To grind or grate (the teeth). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > show anger [verb (transitive)] > gnash or grind the teeth gnasta1300 grunta1400 grate1555 gnash1590 beat1597 grit1797 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > manifest sorrow [verb (transitive)] > gnash (teeth) gnasta1300 crashc1440 grash1563 grind1573 gnash1590 grit1797 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (transitive)] > grate > grind or gnash (teeth) grind1340 grunta1400 crashc1440 graislea1522 grate1555 jar1568 beat1597 champ1775 grit1797 1797 T. Jefferson Writings (1903) I. 416 Mr. Adams,..gritting his teeth, said [etc.]. 1840 Southern Literary Messenger 6 735/2 The duellist gritted his teeth as he cocked the gun a second time. 1848 J. R. Lowell Fable for Critics in Poems (1890) III. 30 Just conceive how much harder your teeth you'd have gritted. 1887 F. R. Stockton Borrowed Month 27 I gritted my teeth as I thought what a despicable thing it would be. b. To utter with gritting of the teeth. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > through gritted teeth grit1900 worry1906 1900 Daily News 11 Oct. 3/1 The Boers have gritted it between their teeth, mingling it with sullen curses—for to the veldtsman the name [of J. Chamberlain] is as the name of a thing accursed. 1910 C. E. Mulford Hopalong Cassidy i. 11 ‘I'll kill you some day, you whelp,’ he gritted. Derivatives ˈgritted adj. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [adjective] > grating > grinding or gnashing teeth gnash1582 grated1590 frendent1630 gnashing1700 gritted1842 1842 Ld. Tennyson Will Waterproof's Monologue in Poems (new ed.) II. 194 When..thou shalt cease To pace the gritted floor. 1897 Outing 30 422/1 The gritted teeth, and the tension of the body, show what power this player has put into his shot. ˈgritting adj. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [adjective] > gritting roads in icy weather gritting1968 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log xxiii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 153/1 Thundering them down again against the flint-hard coral spikes, with a loud gritting rumble. 1968 Times 26 Mar. 2/2 A big new road-gritting machine. ˈgritting n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [noun] > gritting roads in icy weather gritting1823 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [noun] > grating or rasping > grinding or gnashing teeth gristbitingc950 gristc1000 gristbitec1275 gnastinga1300 grinding1340 grintingc1386 grispingc1400 gruntinga1425 gnashing1495 gritting1823 1823 Massachusetts Spy 30 Apr. The harmony arising from the filing of a saw, or the gritting of teeth. a1849 E. A. Poe Tales & Sketches (1852) 255 I could have sworn that it was the gritting of this vagabond's teeth. 1901 Daily News 13 Mar. 5/2 The gritting and corroding of tubes. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 14 Dec. 11/2 The Borough Council includes no less a sum than £2,000 for snow removal and the gritting of the roads. 1963 Guardian 21 Jan. 1/1 Todmorden local authority has a plough and gritting lorry out. 1963 Times 4 Feb. 6/6 Snow ploughs and gritting gangs worked throughout yesterday to clear 50,000 miles of snow-covered trunk roads. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹OEn.²a700n.³1598v.1762
随便看	hippoid hippolike hippolite hippolith hippological hippologist hippologists hippology hippomachia hippomane hippomania hippomaniac hippomaniacally hippomanic hippomelanin hippomobile hippomobilism hippomouthed hipponesse hipponomy hipponosological hipponosology hippop hippopathological hippopathology

gritn.1

Compounds

gritn.2

gritn.3

gritv.

Derivatives

gritn.¹

gritn.²

gritn.³