arbitraryadj.n.

/ˈɑːbɪtrəri/

Etymology: < Latin arbitrārius, < arbiter (perhaps after French arbitraire , 15th cent.): see -ary suffix¹.

A. adj.

†1. To be decided by one's liking; dependent upon will or pleasure; at the discretion or option of any one. Obsolete in general use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > [adjective] > dependent upon will or inclination

imperated1535

arbitrary1574

imperate1624

electitious1631

discretionary1643

arbitrarious1647

discretional1653

arbitral1662

discretionable1750

eligible1769

permissory1909

1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. ii. 101 The same thyngs were arbitrarye, and myghte haue beene otherwyse.

1618 Bp. J. Hall Righteovs Mammon 102 It is not left arbitrary to you, that you may doe good if you will.

1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling i. v. §64 As if they thought it a very arbitrary matter whether they come or no.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 26 He might give them to what priests he pleased; which were called arbitrary consecrations of tithes.

2. Law. Relating to, or dependent on, the discretion of an arbiter, arbitrator, or other legally-recognized authority; discretionary, not fixed.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal power > [adjective] > type of legal power or authority

concurrent?1530

arbitrary1581

praetorian1622

habitual1656

praetoriala1688

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha iv. xv. 572 Judgements..arbitrarie, or referred to discretion.

1693 H. Wharton Specim. Errors Burnet ii. 67 Impropriated Livings, which have now no settled Endowment, and are therefore called not Vicarages, but perpetual or sometimes arbitrary Curacies.

1704 London Gaz. mmmmlxxxiii/4 A Mannor..with Quit Rents and Fines Arbitrary.

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes iv. 343 If the defender have demanded a reference to an arbiter, he obtains what is called an arbitrary formula.

1882 Scriven Copyholds (ed. 6) 155 An admission fine is primâ facie uncertain, or in legal phraseology arbitrary. But the fines on admission to copyholds of inheritance, even if arbitrary, must be reasonable.

3. Derived from mere opinion or preference; not based on the nature of things; hence, capricious, uncertain, varying.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > capricious or whimsical > marked or characterized by capriciousness

fantastical1531

feathery1601

fantasticala1618

arbitrary1646

fancy1646

whimmed1654

fantastic1658

volatile1661

vagarious1827

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 170 From succeeding spectators they received arbitrary appellations.

1753 S. Johnson Adventurer No. 111. ⁋6 Our estimation of birth is arbitrary and capricious.

1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind iii. 35 I do not believe there is a really arbitrary sign among them.

1865 R. W. Dale Jewish Temple xiii. 143 Their whole scheme of interpretation is purely arbitrary.

4. Unrestrained in the exercise of will; of uncontrolled power or authority, absolute; hence, despotic, tyrannical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [adjective] > absolute

absolute1567

uncontrollable1593

arbitrary1642

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [adjective] > tyrannical, despotic, or autocratic

tyrant1297

tyrannous1491

Pharaonical1528

tyrannical1560

tyrannizing1589

servile1603

despotical1608

monarchicala1618

Nimrodian1631

autocratoric1641

Dominical1644

despotic1650

Pendragonish1650

autocratical1651

autocratorical1651

Pharaonian1673

autocratic1769

Pharaonic1792

Corsican1804

Napoleonic1810

satrapian1822

satrapical1823

sultanic1827

absolutist1829

absolutistic1841

arbitrary1862

Napoleonistic1870

Nimrodic1877

pre-Hitlerian1942

1642 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 763 Acts of Will and Tyranny, which make up an Arbitrary Government.

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 236 Rule thy own Realms with arbitrary Sway.

1832 H. Martineau Demerara i. 5 No tyrant, no arbitrary disposer of the fortunes of his inferiors.

1862 W. F. Hook Lives Archbishops Canterbury II. ii. 159 The conduct of the Archbishop appears to have been arbitrary and harsh.

5. arbitrary character n. Printing a character used to supplement the letters and accents which constitute an ordinary fount of type.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > belonging to font > to make up deficiency in font

imperfection1669

arbitrary character1829

1829 C. Dickens in J. Forster Life Dickens (1871) I. 70 When I had..mastered the alphabet, there appeared a procession of new horrors, called arbitrary characters.

1890 Clarendon Press Inventory of Accents (title) Arbitrary Characters, &c. compiled April 1890.

1900 H. Hart Cent. Typogr. 139 I thought it unnecessary to ‘set’ the matrices for all the arbitrary characters.

B. n.

(sc. number, term, etc.)

ΚΠ

1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §343 f The complete solution of the differential equations..written as follows, to show its arbitraries explicitly.

1928 Periodical 15 Feb. 17 The variety of type used, the many languages involved, and the multiplication of ‘arbitraries’ have demanded technical knowledge and minute accuracy to an extent probably unequalled in any other work.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	arbitrary
释义	arbitraryadj.n. /ˈɑːbɪtrəri/ Etymology: < Latin arbitrārius, < arbiter (perhaps after French arbitraire , 15th cent.): see -ary suffix¹. A. adj. †1. To be decided by one's liking; dependent upon will or pleasure; at the discretion or option of any one. Obsolete in general use. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > [adjective] > dependent upon will or inclination imperated1535 arbitrary1574 imperate1624 electitious1631 discretionary1643 arbitrarious1647 discretional1653 arbitral1662 discretionable1750 eligible1769 permissory1909 1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. ii. 101 The same thyngs were arbitrarye, and myghte haue beene otherwyse. 1618 Bp. J. Hall Righteovs Mammon 102 It is not left arbitrary to you, that you may doe good if you will. 1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling i. v. §64 As if they thought it a very arbitrary matter whether they come or no. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 26 He might give them to what priests he pleased; which were called arbitrary consecrations of tithes. 2. Law. Relating to, or dependent on, the discretion of an arbiter, arbitrator, or other legally-recognized authority; discretionary, not fixed. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal power > [adjective] > type of legal power or authority concurrent?1530 arbitrary1581 praetorian1622 habitual1656 praetoriala1688 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha iv. xv. 572 Judgements..arbitrarie, or referred to discretion. 1693 H. Wharton Specim. Errors Burnet ii. 67 Impropriated Livings, which have now no settled Endowment, and are therefore called not Vicarages, but perpetual or sometimes arbitrary Curacies. 1704 London Gaz. mmmmlxxxiii/4 A Mannor..with Quit Rents and Fines Arbitrary. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes iv. 343 If the defender have demanded a reference to an arbiter, he obtains what is called an arbitrary formula. 1882 Scriven Copyholds (ed. 6) 155 An admission fine is primâ facie uncertain, or in legal phraseology arbitrary. But the fines on admission to copyholds of inheritance, even if arbitrary, must be reasonable. 3. Derived from mere opinion or preference; not based on the nature of things; hence, capricious, uncertain, varying. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > capricious or whimsical > marked or characterized by capriciousness fantastical1531 feathery1601 fantasticala1618 arbitrary1646 fancy1646 whimmed1654 fantastic1658 volatile1661 vagarious1827 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 170 From succeeding spectators they received arbitrary appellations. View more context for this quotation 1753 S. Johnson Adventurer No. 111. ⁋6 Our estimation of birth is arbitrary and capricious. 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind iii. 35 I do not believe there is a really arbitrary sign among them. 1865 R. W. Dale Jewish Temple xiii. 143 Their whole scheme of interpretation is purely arbitrary. 4. Unrestrained in the exercise of will; of uncontrolled power or authority, absolute; hence, despotic, tyrannical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [adjective] > absolute absolute1567 uncontrollable1593 arbitrary1642 society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [adjective] > tyrannical, despotic, or autocratic tyrant1297 tyrannous1491 Pharaonical1528 tyrannical1560 tyrannizing1589 servile1603 despotical1608 monarchicala1618 Nimrodian1631 autocratoric1641 Dominical1644 despotic1650 Pendragonish1650 autocratical1651 autocratorical1651 Pharaonian1673 autocratic1769 Pharaonic1792 Corsican1804 Napoleonic1810 satrapian1822 satrapical1823 sultanic1827 absolutist1829 absolutistic1841 arbitrary1862 Napoleonistic1870 Nimrodic1877 pre-Hitlerian1942 1642 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 763 Acts of Will and Tyranny, which make up an Arbitrary Government. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 236 Rule thy own Realms with arbitrary Sway. 1832 H. Martineau Demerara i. 5 No tyrant, no arbitrary disposer of the fortunes of his inferiors. 1862 W. F. Hook Lives Archbishops Canterbury II. ii. 159 The conduct of the Archbishop appears to have been arbitrary and harsh. 5. arbitrary character n. Printing a character used to supplement the letters and accents which constitute an ordinary fount of type. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > belonging to font > to make up deficiency in font imperfection1669 arbitrary character1829 1829 C. Dickens in J. Forster Life Dickens (1871) I. 70 When I had..mastered the alphabet, there appeared a procession of new horrors, called arbitrary characters. 1890 Clarendon Press Inventory of Accents (title) Arbitrary Characters, &c. compiled April 1890. 1900 H. Hart Cent. Typogr. 139 I thought it unnecessary to ‘set’ the matrices for all the arbitrary characters. B. n. (sc. number, term, etc.) ΚΠ 1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §343 f The complete solution of the differential equations..written as follows, to show its arbitraries explicitly. 1928 Periodical 15 Feb. 17 The variety of type used, the many languages involved, and the multiplication of ‘arbitraries’ have demanded technical knowledge and minute accuracy to an extent probably unequalled in any other work. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1574
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