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单词 grisly
释义

grislyadj.

Brit. /ˈɡrɪzli/, U.S. /ˈɡrɪzli/
Forms: Middle English grislic, Middle English grislich, grislych, (Middle English comparative grisloker, grisluker), Middle English gryslich, grislych, Middle English griselich(e, gryselich(e, gryselyche, grysely, (Middle English grissiliche, grislik, greselich); Middle English Orm. grissliȝ, Middle English gresle, Middle English greesly, Middle English gresely(e, gresli, Middle English gresly, griss(e)ly(e, Middle English–1500s grysely(e, Middle English–1600s grysly, Middle English grysle, gryssly, 1500s gryslie, greislie, greizlie, griesely, grieselie, gryesly, Middle English–1600s greisly, 1500s–1600s grislie, grizely, 1500s–1800s griesly, 1700s–1800s grizly, ( grizzly), Middle English– grisly.
Etymology: Late Old English grislic ; ultimately < gris- weak root of grise v. + -lic, -ly suffix1; but the history is unknown. Perhaps aphetized from Old English ongrislic , *ongrisenlic (implied in the adverb ongrysenlíce ), < past participle of *ongrísan , synonymous with ágrísan agrise v. Compare the continental Germanic synonyms Middle Dutch grezelijc (from the weak form of the root), griselijc, modern Dutch grijzelijk (from the strong form); the quantity of the root-vowel in Middle High German grisenlich is uncertain.
Now only archaic and literary.
1. Causing horror, terror, or extreme fear; horrible or terrible to behold or to hear; causing such feelings as are associated with thoughts of death and ‘the other world’, spectral appearances, and the like. In modern use tending to a weaker sense: Causing uncanny or unpleasant feelings; of forbidding appearance; grim, ghastly.
a. of visible objects, their qualities, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > ugliness > [adjective] > hideous
loathlyc900
grislya1150
hideous1303
unherlyc1325
bysenc1375
vilely1398
laidlya1400
squalid1620
frightful1700
gorgonesque1888
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being horrible > [adjective]
atelOE
grislya1150
atelichc1175
grisfula1300
ugly13..
hideous1303
horrible1303
ghastlyc1305
stout1338
horrendc1420
ugsomec1425
grisilc1440
execrable1490
uggle1499
horrious?1520
uglisome1530
ugglesome1561
gruesome1570
grisy1590
gashfulc1600
horrid1602
ghast1622
gashly1627
horrific1653
horrendous1661
horrorous1756
horrifying1791
horrorish1847
grauly1848
a1150 Passio B. Margaretæ in Grein Bibl. Angels. Prosa (1889) III. 175 Þær inn eode an grislic deofol.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3842 Þohh þatt he grisliȝ deofell seo.
c1200 Vices & Virtues (1888) 19 Eifulle dieulen, ðe bieð swa laðliche and swo grislich an to lokin.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 95 Mon i slein is grislich & atelich in monnes echȝe.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14006 Þer ich isah gripes. and grisliche [c1300 Otho wonderliche] fuȝeles.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4935 Ac he haþ sent ȝou to socoure so grissiliche an host.
c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 119 He slow the grisly boor.
c1386 G. Chaucer Frankl. T. 131 The grisly Rokkes blake.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxi. 479 May no grysliche gost glyde þer hit shadeweþ.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 15 Ther was none othir women that durste norishe it but the modre, for it was so grysly to syght.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. iv. 4 Ane hiddouis hole, deip gapand and grisly.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Eiiv A man of grislye and sterne grauitye.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Nov. f. 45 Up grieslie ghostes.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. E2 Griesly Night, with visage deadly sad.
1607 S. Hieron Good Fight in Wks. (1620) I. 220 The griesly and ghastly countenance of approching death.
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xxiii, in Poems 11 In vain with Cymbals ring, They call the grisly king, In dismall dance about the furnace blue.
1684 Earl of Roscommon Ess. Translated Verse 157 The Greisly Ferry-man of Hell.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 126 Like their grizly Prince appears his gloomy Race. View more context for this quotation
1788 W. Blane Acct. Hunting Excurs. 15 Our grisly enemy [an elephant] was overpowered by the number of bullets.
1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone i. 16 Look down, and see a griesly sight; A vault where the bodies are buried upright!
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 198 Minos, transformed by the Florentine poet..into a strange and grisly shape.
1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. xv. 139 There was the old grisly four-post bedstead.
1867 R. W. Emerson May-day & Other Pieces 152 Hunted by Sorrow's grisly train.
1885 R. L. Stevenson & F. Stevenson Dynamiter 132 The grisly shelter of a coffee-shop.
b. of sounds. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being horrible > [adjective] > of sounds
grislyc1275
c1275 Serving Christ 28 in Old Eng. Misc. 91 Þer is gronynge and grure and gryslich gle.
a1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1219 The thundyr rorede with a gresely steuene.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 18953 For þat farli sone war þai fus, And ran þaim til þe apostlis hus, All carpand of þat grisli crack.
14.. Sir Beues 2733 + 9 (MS. M.) He keste vp a gret yell That was grisselye as a thonder.
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 5545 in Wks. (1931) I Gretand with mony gryslie grone.
1576 A. Fleming Panoplie Epist. Epit. A iv b Ætnaes..grieslie thundering.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xiv. sig. Y5v With Dayly Diligence and Grisly Grones, he wan her affection.
c. of actions, occurrences, conditions; also archaic of threats, imprecations, etc.
ΚΠ
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 5 Þat loðeliche word and ateliche and grisliche..Ite maledicti in ignem eternum.
a1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 209 Mine sunnen þat ateliche beoð and grisliche i þine eih sihðe.]
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 11745 Grisloker weder þan it was ne miȝte anerþe be.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 49 Vor asemoche ase þe zenne is more uoul and more grislich, þe more is worþ þe ssrifte.
c1375 XI Pains of Hell 33 in Old Eng. Misc. 211 Gret snow, gret yse, gret cold greslé.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Philomela. 2238 So gresely was his dede, That whan that I his foule storye rede, Mynne eyen wexe foule & sore also.
c1386 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 380 Many a grisly ooth thanne han thay sworn, And Cristes blessed body thay to-rente.
14.. in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 240 Godes grisliche dom.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxii. f. cliiiiv Gresely and cruell fyght was contynued vpon both sydes.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 45 I viewd with wundring a grisly monsterus hazard.
1596 H. Clapham Briefe of Bible i. 58 No maruell, if so greislie a fall, put him from that sacred figuring Seate.
1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. ii. 51 Grisly oaths suit ill with gray beards.
1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. xii. 182 The like grisly sense of the humorous again stole in among the solemn phantoms of his thought.
1892 A. Jessopp Stud. Recluse (1893) i. 25 The ground..teeming with the tangible memories of grisly conflict.
1892 E. Gosse Secr. Narcisse i. 11 His griesly imagination and adroit hand as a modeller.
2. Ugly. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > ugliness > [adjective]
foulOE
uglyc1386
malgraciousa1393
unsightlya1400
loathc1400
ouglec1415
shrewdc1430
unsightyc1440
unwholesome?a1500
evil-favoured1530
ill-favoured1530
uglisome1530
huggeda1533
hard-favoureda1535
evil-liking1535
ill-favorited1579
stigmatical1589
stigmatic1597
sightlessa1616
hard-featured1638
grislya1681
bad-looking1757
unmackly1765
unfavourable1776
dissightly1777
eyesore1798
wavelled1886
spiderly1891
Plain Jane1912
hackit1985
a1300 Cursor Mundi 23620 Þir sal be fair and dughti bath, Þai sal be grisli and lath.]
a1681 J. Lacy Sr. Hercules Buffoon ii. iii, in Dramatic Wks. (1875) 240 Ah, thou's an ill-favoured grizely-like fellow, that is sa.
1684 Yorkesh. Dial. 216 in Specim. Eng. Dial. 159 I wad this grisely Cat was hang'd, for me.
1691 J. Ray N. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 32 Grisly, ugly: from Grize, swine.
1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 333 Grizely.., ugly in the extreme.
3. Full of fear, inspired by fear. Also qualifying fear, dread. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > [adjective] > inspired by fear
grislyc1320
ghastly1590
ghastful1720
gruesome1869
c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 101 Eche loked on ouþer with grysly ye, And seyd, ‘lorde wheþer hyt be y?’
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋103 Grisly drede that euere shal laste.
c1400 St. Jeremie's 15 Tokens (E.E.T.S.) 33 Allas! hou schull we þan ouercome þilk griselich fere, Whan vche seint schal aferde be oure lord crist to see þere?
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 23 Which made the Males leap out of their Cabins with the same grisly Look as if going to give up their last Accounts.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

grislyadv.

Etymology: < grisle n. + -ly suffix2. Compare Middle Dutch griselike, Middle Low German grisliken.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈgrisly.
Obsolete exc. archaic.
Horribly, terribly; grimly; so as to inspire terror.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being horrible > [adverb]
grislyc1200
atelichec1275
uglilya1300
hideously1340
horribly1340
grisfullya1382
uglyc1420
gastfullyc1449
ugsomelyc1450
horriferouslyc1626
gashly1628
hideous1667
horrifically1693
ghastily1829
ghastlily1830
gruesomely1893
grizzel1898
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 61 Grisliche he us mid orde pilted.
a1225 Juliana 69 Te balefule beast..fen[g] on to..grist~beatien grisliche up o þis meoke meiden.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 574 His ax..so grisliche he ssoc & vaste, Þat þe king kwakede & is men.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 81 Satyri..grisliche and wonderliche i-schape.
c1394 P.P. Crede 585 Swiche a gome godes wordes grysliche gloseþ.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16182 I hope þat þai sal bath grisly bi-for him quake.
c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 3843 The thoner grisely gan out-brest.
c1400 Melayne 1252 Grisely gronande.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i. 20 a/2 She..was there..in face eyene loke & countenaunce so grysely chaunged..yt yt was a terryble syght to behold.
1563 T. Becon Reliques of Rome (rev. ed.) 245 There is nothing in al this world yt a Christen man or woman ought so griselich to dread, as for to falle into sinne.
1638–48 G. Daniel Eclog. ii. 1 The North lookes grisly blacke.
1656 W. S. Bullokar's Eng. Expositor (rev. ed.) Grisly, abominably, gastly, fearfully.
1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. viii. 170 Læsa, gashed griesly, tam enormiter.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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adj.a1150adv.c1200
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