arbitern.

/ˈɑːbɪtə/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s -or, -our.

Etymology: < Latin arbiter (? < ar- = ad- to + bētĕre , bītĕre , to go, ‘one who goes to see,’ hence, who looks into or examines) a judge in equity, a supreme ruler. Compare arbitrator n., arbitrer n. Arbiter was the original Latin word, still extant in French as arbitre; arbitrātor was a later Latin noun of agent fromarbitrāri to act as arbiter; of this the Old French descendant was arbitreor, -our, by the side of which arbitrateur, -our, was also adopted as a technical term by the jurists. In English, arbitrour seems to have been the earliest, then arbitratour, and in 16th cent. arbiter from Latin, though arbitre may well have existed in Middle English (The 16th cent. spelling arbitour, -or, was, as in ancestor, merely imitative of words properly in -our.)

1. gen. One whose opinion or decision is authoritative in a matter of debate; a judge.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > one who judges or decides

departer1382

judgec1390

judgerc1449

terminer1496

arbiterc1503

legislatora1513

determiner1530

pronouncer1561–2

judicant1570

censurer1585

discusser1587

sentencer1589

justicer1609

judicator1613

auditor1640

dijudicant1661

adjudicator1705

adjudger1821

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lx^v/1 Abdalazys..most iust arbiter, and Iuge of trouth.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 151 As a deputed judge or arbiter delegat to determin of mans health, and the preseruation thereof.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. viii. 314 Nine arbiters appointed to intend The whole arrangement of the public games.

1824 T. F. Dibdin Libr. Compan. 520 The late Mr. Fox (no mean arbiter in literary taste).

a. spec. One who is chosen by the two parties in a dispute to arrange or decide the difference between them; an arbitrator, an umpire. (See note to arbitrator n. 1.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > settlement of dispute, arbitration > [noun] > one who arbitrates

arbitrer1382

judge1385

umpire?c1400

overman1424

arbitrator1426

oversman1492

daysman1530

referendary1546

arbiter1548

referee1549

moderator1556

awarder1561

deciser1563

decider?1568

decisor1569

settler1598

disceptator1623

umpirer1650

referrer1661

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > arbitrator

arbitrer1382

arbitrator1426

arbiter1548

refereea1626

society > society and the community > dissent > absence of dissension or peace > bringing about concord or peace > [noun] > settling quarrels or disputes > arbitration > arbitrator

noumperec1350

umpire?c1400

arbitrator1426

mid-man1459

wardsman1482

appointer1523

daysman1530

arbiter1548

moderator1556

oddsman1571

compromitter1579

compromiser1598

compromittee1602

umpirer1650

goodman1836

honest broker1878

leopard-skin chief1933

leopard-skin priest1951

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xii^v The Frenche kyng shewed hym selfe outwardly..very well pleased that the kyng of Englande shoud be the meane of peace and Arbiter indifferent betwene the duke and him.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 20 Ane Judge haueand ane ordinar jurisdiction, may nocht be ane Arbitour.

1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. II. iv. iii. 467 The power of arbiters is wholly derived from the consent of parties.

1852 W. E. Gladstone in Edinb. Rev. Apr. 365 Beyond the Atlantic..things civil and things spiritual move in their separate spheres, without any need for an arbiter between them.

1873 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens I. iv. i. 179 Appointed arbiter of the dispute.

b. transferred or figurative.

ΚΠ

?1555 M. Coverdale tr. Hope of Faythful xii. 78 Christ..the arbiter and mediator betwene God and men.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. i. sig. B1 The sun [at the equinox]..indifferent arbiter betweene the night and the day.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 50 Twilight..short Arbiter Twixt Day and Night.

3. One who has power to decide or ordain according to his or her own absolute pleasure; one who has a matter under his or her sole control. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > one who judges or decides > supreme

arbitrator1579

arbiter1628

society > authority > power > [noun] > powerful person or body > powerful person > possessing sole power of decision

arbitrator1579

arbiter1628

1628 R. Le Grys tr. J. Barclay Argenis iv. 286 Thou sittest as it were the arbiter of the fortune of thy neighbour Kings.

1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 19 Absolute Lord or Arbiter of the whole world.

1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers i. i. §11 Use..which is the arbiter of language.

1814 Ld. Byron Ode to Napoleon The arbiter of others' fate, A suppliant for his own.

1874 J. L. Motley Life John of Barneveld I. i. 61 The proud..position of arbiter of Europe.

4. ‖ arbiter elegantiarum, arbiter elegantiae [Latin, lit. ‘judge of elegance’: Petronius Arbiter was the elegantiae arbiter of Nero's court (Tacitus Ann. xvi. 18)] , a judge of matters of taste, an authority on etiquette.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > [noun] > connoisseur

curioso1658

connoisseur1719

conoscente1766

cognoscente1777

arbiter elegantiae1818

maven1907

1818 Lady Morgan Florence Macarthy II. iii. 175 He looked up to Lord Frederick Eversham, as the arbiter elegantiarum of that system.

1841 Craik & MacFarlane Pict. Hist. Eng. Geo. III I. 651/1 Derrick..succeeded Nash as arbiter elegantiarum at Bath.

1933 E. Balmer & P. Wylie When Worlds Collide v. 49 A connoisseur of life and living—an arbiter elegantiae.

1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xxi. 76 Zhdanov was appointed Stalin's arbiter elegantiarum in the late 'forties.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	arbiter
释义	arbitern. /ˈɑːbɪtə/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s -or, -our. Etymology: < Latin arbiter (? < ar- = ad- to + bētĕre , bītĕre , to go, ‘one who goes to see,’ hence, who looks into or examines) a judge in equity, a supreme ruler. Compare arbitrator n., arbitrer n. Arbiter was the original Latin word, still extant in French as arbitre; arbitrātor was a later Latin noun of agent fromarbitrāri to act as arbiter; of this the Old French descendant was arbitreor, -our, by the side of which arbitrateur, -our, was also adopted as a technical term by the jurists. In English, arbitrour seems to have been the earliest, then arbitratour, and in 16th cent. arbiter from Latin, though arbitre may well have existed in Middle English (The 16th cent. spelling arbitour, -or, was, as in ancestor, merely imitative of words properly in -our.) 1. gen. One whose opinion or decision is authoritative in a matter of debate; a judge. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > one who judges or decides departer1382 judgec1390 judgerc1449 terminer1496 arbiterc1503 legislatora1513 determiner1530 pronouncer1561–2 judicant1570 censurer1585 discusser1587 sentencer1589 justicer1609 judicator1613 auditor1640 dijudicant1661 adjudicator1705 adjudger1821 c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lx^v/1 Abdalazys..most iust arbiter, and Iuge of trouth. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 151 As a deputed judge or arbiter delegat to determin of mans health, and the preseruation thereof. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. viii. 314 Nine arbiters appointed to intend The whole arrangement of the public games. 1824 T. F. Dibdin Libr. Compan. 520 The late Mr. Fox (no mean arbiter in literary taste). 2. a. spec. One who is chosen by the two parties in a dispute to arrange or decide the difference between them; an arbitrator, an umpire. (See note to arbitrator n. 1.) ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > settlement of dispute, arbitration > [noun] > one who arbitrates arbitrer1382 judge1385 umpire?c1400 overman1424 arbitrator1426 oversman1492 daysman1530 referendary1546 arbiter1548 referee1549 moderator1556 awarder1561 deciser1563 decider?1568 decisor1569 settler1598 disceptator1623 umpirer1650 referrer1661 society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > arbitrator arbitrer1382 arbitrator1426 arbiter1548 refereea1626 society > society and the community > dissent > absence of dissension or peace > bringing about concord or peace > [noun] > settling quarrels or disputes > arbitration > arbitrator noumperec1350 umpire?c1400 arbitrator1426 mid-man1459 wardsman1482 appointer1523 daysman1530 arbiter1548 moderator1556 oddsman1571 compromitter1579 compromiser1598 compromittee1602 umpirer1650 goodman1836 honest broker1878 leopard-skin chief1933 leopard-skin priest1951 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xii^v The Frenche kyng shewed hym selfe outwardly..very well pleased that the kyng of Englande shoud be the meane of peace and Arbiter indifferent betwene the duke and him. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 20 Ane Judge haueand ane ordinar jurisdiction, may nocht be ane Arbitour. 1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. II. iv. iii. 467 The power of arbiters is wholly derived from the consent of parties. 1852 W. E. Gladstone in Edinb. Rev. Apr. 365 Beyond the Atlantic..things civil and things spiritual move in their separate spheres, without any need for an arbiter between them. 1873 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens I. iv. i. 179 Appointed arbiter of the dispute. b. transferred or figurative. ΚΠ ?1555 M. Coverdale tr. Hope of Faythful xii. 78 Christ..the arbiter and mediator betwene God and men. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. i. sig. B1 The sun [at the equinox]..indifferent arbiter betweene the night and the day. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 50 Twilight..short Arbiter Twixt Day and Night. View more context for this quotation 3. One who has power to decide or ordain according to his or her own absolute pleasure; one who has a matter under his or her sole control. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > one who judges or decides > supreme arbitrator1579 arbiter1628 society > authority > power > [noun] > powerful person or body > powerful person > possessing sole power of decision arbitrator1579 arbiter1628 1628 R. Le Grys tr. J. Barclay Argenis iv. 286 Thou sittest as it were the arbiter of the fortune of thy neighbour Kings. 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 19 Absolute Lord or Arbiter of the whole world. 1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers i. i. §11 Use..which is the arbiter of language. 1814 Ld. Byron Ode to Napoleon The arbiter of others' fate, A suppliant for his own. 1874 J. L. Motley Life John of Barneveld I. i. 61 The proud..position of arbiter of Europe. 4. ‖ arbiter elegantiarum, arbiter elegantiae [Latin, lit. ‘judge of elegance’: Petronius Arbiter was the elegantiae arbiter of Nero's court (Tacitus Ann. xvi. 18)] , a judge of matters of taste, an authority on etiquette. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > [noun] > connoisseur curioso1658 connoisseur1719 conoscente1766 cognoscente1777 arbiter elegantiae1818 maven1907 1818 Lady Morgan Florence Macarthy II. iii. 175 He looked up to Lord Frederick Eversham, as the arbiter elegantiarum of that system. 1841 Craik & MacFarlane Pict. Hist. Eng. Geo. III I. 651/1 Derrick..succeeded Nash as arbiter elegantiarum at Bath. 1933 E. Balmer & P. Wylie When Worlds Collide v. 49 A connoisseur of life and living—an arbiter elegantiae. 1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xxi. 76 Zhdanov was appointed Stalin's arbiter elegantiarum in the late 'forties. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1503
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