guinea pign.

/ˈɡɪnɪ pɪɡ/

Etymology: Perhaps the animal was thought to resemble the young of the Guinea Hog (Potamochœrus); or the name Guinea may have been applied loosely, as in some other instances, as a designation for an unknown distant country. Confusion with Guiana seems unlikely.

a. A rodent mammal ( Cavia Cobaya) of the genus Cavia, originating in South America, but now widely distributed in a half-domesticated state.The term is applied dialectally to the woodlouse, and in Cornwall to the small white cowrie.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Hystricomorpha (porcupine or guinea-pig) > [noun] > family Caviidae (cavy) > genus Cavia (guinea-pig)

pig-cony1607

guinea pig1664

restless cavy1771

rock cavy1771

moco1831

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 16 You may see them [Cheese Mites]..like so many Ginny-Pigs, munching and chewing the cud.

1677 E. Browne Acct. Trav. Germany 109 Some odde dishes at their Tables; as Guiny-pigs, divers sorts of Snails, and Tortoises.

1713 J. Addison in Guardian 13 July 2/1 These were driven off at last by a Lap-dog, who was succeeded by a Guiney pig.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 72 The mouse being..the most timid of all quadrupedes, except the guinea-pig.

1806 Hatchett in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 378 The same chemist found that the urine of the guinea-pig deposited carbonat of lime.

1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet II. xvii. 49 There isn't a mouse in all Epsom can be muter, or a guinea-pig dumber.

b. A person or thing used like a guinea pig as the subject of an experiment.

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > [noun] > that which is experimented on or with > one who is experimented on

experimenta1678

experimentized1832

experimentee1890

laboratory animal?1891

guinea pig1920

lab rat1979

1913 G. B. Shaw Quintessence of Ibsenism 135 The..folly which sees in the child nothing more than the vivisector sees in a guinea pig: something to experiment on with a view to rearranging the world.]

1920 U. Sinclair Brass Check xviii. 102 Say to yourself that Upton Sinclair is a guinea-pig.

1923 H. G. Wells Men like Gods 180 And may I ask..the nature of this treatment of yours, these experiments of which we are to be the—guinea pigs, so to speak? Is it to be anything in the nature of a vaccination?

1955 Times 15 June 5/3 The corporation are also guinea-pigs, because it is hoped that decisions arising out of these cases will save a great amount of public money and trouble, and provide a guide in law and principle which may go a long way in aiding other cases.

1955 R. Bannister First Four Minutes 119 In some of my experiments I used other athletes as guinea pigs.

1961 Times 24 May 13/6 Something of a guinea-pig, the ship has demonstrated its value.

1970 Daily Tel. 13 Oct. 19/5 ‘You can't detect any difference unless you know it's synthetic material,’ one guinea-pig commented yesterday.

2. Nautical. (a) A midshipman in the East Indian service. (b) An inefficient seaman.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > sailors of lower ranks or classes

foremast man1626

seaman1702

guinea pig1748

foremast seaman1793

full man1860

lower deck1874

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > inefficient, lazy, or unseamanlike sailor

lubber1579

guinea pig1748

marine1829

soldier1840

lubbard1867

Paddy Wester1892

ullage1901

oily wad1925

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxiv. 221 A brave fellow as ever crackt bisket;—none of your Guinea pigs.

1767 Adventures Kidnapped Orphan 69 He sent his nephew, at the age of fourteen, on a voyage as a Guinea-pig.

1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xxvi. 182 The midshipmen, or Guinea pigs, as they are called.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Guinea-pigs, the younger midshipmen of an Indiaman.

3. In various jocular or contemptuous applications with allusions to the coin.

a. One who receives the fee of a guinea; e.g. a doctor, a director of a public company (see quot. 1895), a clergyman doing duty for another, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > taking guinea fees > one who takes

guinea pig1821

1821 W. Combe Third Tour Dr. Syntax xxxvii. 214 ‘Oh! oh!’ cried Pat, ‘how my hand itches, Thou guinea pig [i.e. a ‘vet.’], in boots and breeches, To trounce thee well.’

?1856 F. E. Smedley Harry Coverdale's Courtship xxxvii. 258 That ailment [‘heart-ache’] which defies those guinea-pigs, ‘the faculty’.

1858 Chambers's Jrnl. 1 May 279/2 Whenever the court sits..the guinea-pigs [jurymen] sit along with it.

1871 Temple Bar XXXI. 320 ‘Guinea pigs,’ the pleasant name for those gentlemen of more rank than means..who have a guinea and a copious lunch when they attend board meetings.

1891 S. Mostyn Curatica 18 The Vicar has managed by himself, with occasional help from guinea-pigs.

1895 A. J. Wilson Gloss. Colloq. Terms Stock Exchange (at cited word) A man who lives by getting himself placed upon the Boards of a number of companies whose business he can have neither the time nor the qualifications to assist in directing, is a ‘guinea pig’.

attributive.1887 Standard 12 May We..have here the ‘guinea pig’ Director in all his pristine simplicity.1909 Daily Chron. 18 Jan. 4/6 Greedy manufacturers..have already laid their plans for large commercial trusts with their ‘expenses’-paid Members of Parliament, purchased Press and guinea-pig peers.1930 Economist 9 Aug. 284/2 A large number of the ‘bubble’ company boards of the 1928 boom were packed with guinea-pig directors.

b. (See quot.)

ΘΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > dandy

popa1500

miniona1513

prick-me-daintya1529

puppy?1544

velvet-coat1549

skipjack1554

coxcomb1567

musk cat?1567

physbuttocke1570

Adonis?1571

Adon1590

foretop1597

musk-cod1600

pretty fellow1600

sparkc1600

spangle-baby1602

flash1605

barber-monger1608

cocoloch1610

dapperling1611

fantastica1613

feather-cock1612

trig1612

jack-a-dandy?1617

gimcrack1623

satinist1639

powder puffa1653

fop1676

prig1676

foplinga1681

cockcomb1684

beau garçona1687

shape1688

duke1699

nab1699

smirk1699

beau1700

petty master1706

moppet1707

Tom Astoner1707

dapper1709

petit maître1711

buck1725

toupee1727

toupet1728

toupet-man1748

jemmy1753

jessamy1753

macaroni1764

majoc1770

monkeyrony1773

dandyc1780

elegant1780

muscadin1794

incroyable1797

beauty man1800

bang-up1811

natty1818

ruffian1818

exquisite1819

heavy swell1819

marvellous1819

bit of stuff1828

merveilleux1830

fat1832

squirt1844

dandyling1846

ineffable1859

guinea pig1860

Dundreary swell1862

masher1872

dude1877

mash1879

dudette1883

dand1886

heavy gunner1890

posh1890

nut1904

smoothie1929

fancy-pants1930

saga boy1941

fancy Dan1943

1860 F. W. Fairholt Costume in Eng. (ed. 2) 328 Those who persevered in the fashion [of wearing hair-powder] paid one guinea a year for the privilege, hence the jesters nicknamed them guinea-pigs.

c. An evacuee or billetee in the war of 1939–45. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [noun] > in another's house > lodger > person billeted > evacuee

evacuee1934

guinea pig1939

vacky1940

1939 Daily Dispatch 10 Oct. We are known here [i.e. in the West of England] as the guinea-pigs..and we are being treated locally like those tailless rodents.

1940 Manch. Evening News 16 July I toured a part of Manchester in which every other house seems to be teeming with guinea-pigs, the nickname for the men [sc. soldiers] because the billeting allowances are about a guinea.

1941 New Statesman 30 Aug. 218/3 Guinea Pig—Evacuated civil servant.

Derivatives

guinea-pigging n. the practice of acting as director of a company for the sake of the guinea fees; also of acting as clerical substitute (or, rarely, engaging the services of one).

ΘΠ

society > occupation and work > working > [noun] > other types of working

self-employment1834

sweating1843

homeworking1844

clock-watching1860

freelancing1879

guinea-pigging1887

outworking1918

sniping1951

sunlighting1961

temping1973

teleworking1981

hotelling1991

1887 Church Times 14 Jan. 26/4 The Rector..preferred guinea-pigging once a Sunday to being present at his post twice a day.

1890 J. Hatton By Order of Czar (1891) 125 A unanimity of belief in joint-stock enterprises that makes guinea-pigging a positive virture.

1894 W. H. Wilkins & H. Vivian Green Bay Tree I. 7 By ‘guinea-pigging’, floating Companies, and other means.

guinea-pig v. (intransitive) to act as the subject of an experiment; also transitive, to use (a person) thus.

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > try experiments or make experiment [verb (intransitive)] > be subject to an experiment

guinea-pig1955

the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > make experiment of or with [verb (transitive)] > use as subject of experiment

guinea-pig1955

1955 Times 20 June 9/4 He..might like to spend a ‘holiday’ at Salisbury, guinea pigging for the Common Cold Research Unit.

1961 Time (Atlantic ed.) 3 Mar. 19 [The astronauts] were guinea-pigged into hot chambers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	guinea pig
释义	guinea pign. /ˈɡɪnɪ pɪɡ/ Etymology: Perhaps the animal was thought to resemble the young of the Guinea Hog (Potamochœrus); or the name Guinea may have been applied loosely, as in some other instances, as a designation for an unknown distant country. Confusion with Guiana seems unlikely. 1. a. A rodent mammal ( Cavia Cobaya) of the genus Cavia, originating in South America, but now widely distributed in a half-domesticated state.The term is applied dialectally to the woodlouse, and in Cornwall to the small white cowrie. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Hystricomorpha (porcupine or guinea-pig) > [noun] > family Caviidae (cavy) > genus Cavia (guinea-pig) pig-cony1607 guinea pig1664 restless cavy1771 rock cavy1771 moco1831 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 16 You may see them [Cheese Mites]..like so many Ginny-Pigs, munching and chewing the cud. 1677 E. Browne Acct. Trav. Germany 109 Some odde dishes at their Tables; as Guiny-pigs, divers sorts of Snails, and Tortoises. 1713 J. Addison in Guardian 13 July 2/1 These were driven off at last by a Lap-dog, who was succeeded by a Guiney pig. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 72 The mouse being..the most timid of all quadrupedes, except the guinea-pig. 1806 Hatchett in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 378 The same chemist found that the urine of the guinea-pig deposited carbonat of lime. 1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet II. xvii. 49 There isn't a mouse in all Epsom can be muter, or a guinea-pig dumber. b. A person or thing used like a guinea pig as the subject of an experiment. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > [noun] > that which is experimented on or with > one who is experimented on experimenta1678 experimentized1832 experimentee1890 laboratory animal?1891 guinea pig1920 lab rat1979 1913 G. B. Shaw Quintessence of Ibsenism 135 The..folly which sees in the child nothing more than the vivisector sees in a guinea pig: something to experiment on with a view to rearranging the world.] 1920 U. Sinclair Brass Check xviii. 102 Say to yourself that Upton Sinclair is a guinea-pig. 1923 H. G. Wells Men like Gods 180 And may I ask..the nature of this treatment of yours, these experiments of which we are to be the—guinea pigs, so to speak? Is it to be anything in the nature of a vaccination? 1955 Times 15 June 5/3 The corporation are also guinea-pigs, because it is hoped that decisions arising out of these cases will save a great amount of public money and trouble, and provide a guide in law and principle which may go a long way in aiding other cases. 1955 R. Bannister First Four Minutes 119 In some of my experiments I used other athletes as guinea pigs. 1961 Times 24 May 13/6 Something of a guinea-pig, the ship has demonstrated its value. 1970 Daily Tel. 13 Oct. 19/5 ‘You can't detect any difference unless you know it's synthetic material,’ one guinea-pig commented yesterday. 2. Nautical. (a) A midshipman in the East Indian service. (b) An inefficient seaman. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > sailors of lower ranks or classes foremast man1626 seaman1702 guinea pig1748 foremast seaman1793 full man1860 lower deck1874 society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > inefficient, lazy, or unseamanlike sailor lubber1579 guinea pig1748 marine1829 soldier1840 lubbard1867 Paddy Wester1892 ullage1901 oily wad1925 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxiv. 221 A brave fellow as ever crackt bisket;—none of your Guinea pigs. 1767 Adventures Kidnapped Orphan 69 He sent his nephew, at the age of fourteen, on a voyage as a Guinea-pig. 1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xxvi. 182 The midshipmen, or Guinea pigs, as they are called. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Guinea-pigs, the younger midshipmen of an Indiaman. 3. In various jocular or contemptuous applications with allusions to the coin. a. One who receives the fee of a guinea; e.g. a doctor, a director of a public company (see quot. 1895), a clergyman doing duty for another, etc. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > taking guinea fees > one who takes guinea pig1821 1821 W. Combe Third Tour Dr. Syntax xxxvii. 214 ‘Oh! oh!’ cried Pat, ‘how my hand itches, Thou guinea pig [i.e. a ‘vet.’], in boots and breeches, To trounce thee well.’ ?1856 F. E. Smedley Harry Coverdale's Courtship xxxvii. 258 That ailment [‘heart-ache’] which defies those guinea-pigs, ‘the faculty’. 1858 Chambers's Jrnl. 1 May 279/2 Whenever the court sits..the guinea-pigs [jurymen] sit along with it. 1871 Temple Bar XXXI. 320 ‘Guinea pigs,’ the pleasant name for those gentlemen of more rank than means..who have a guinea and a copious lunch when they attend board meetings. 1891 S. Mostyn Curatica 18 The Vicar has managed by himself, with occasional help from guinea-pigs. 1895 A. J. Wilson Gloss. Colloq. Terms Stock Exchange (at cited word) A man who lives by getting himself placed upon the Boards of a number of companies whose business he can have neither the time nor the qualifications to assist in directing, is a ‘guinea pig’. attributive.1887 Standard 12 May We..have here the ‘guinea pig’ Director in all his pristine simplicity.1909 Daily Chron. 18 Jan. 4/6 Greedy manufacturers..have already laid their plans for large commercial trusts with their ‘expenses’-paid Members of Parliament, purchased Press and guinea-pig peers.1930 Economist 9 Aug. 284/2 A large number of the ‘bubble’ company boards of the 1928 boom were packed with guinea-pig directors. b. (See quot.) ΘΠ the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > dandy popa1500 miniona1513 prick-me-daintya1529 puppy?1544 velvet-coat1549 skipjack1554 coxcomb1567 musk cat?1567 physbuttocke1570 Adonis?1571 Adon1590 foretop1597 musk-cod1600 pretty fellow1600 sparkc1600 spangle-baby1602 flash1605 barber-monger1608 cocoloch1610 dapperling1611 fantastica1613 feather-cock1612 trig1612 jack-a-dandy?1617 gimcrack1623 satinist1639 powder puffa1653 fop1676 prig1676 foplinga1681 cockcomb1684 beau garçona1687 shape1688 duke1699 nab1699 smirk1699 beau1700 petty master1706 moppet1707 Tom Astoner1707 dapper1709 petit maître1711 buck1725 toupee1727 toupet1728 toupet-man1748 jemmy1753 jessamy1753 macaroni1764 majoc1770 monkeyrony1773 dandyc1780 elegant1780 muscadin1794 incroyable1797 beauty man1800 bang-up1811 natty1818 ruffian1818 exquisite1819 heavy swell1819 marvellous1819 bit of stuff1828 merveilleux1830 fat1832 squirt1844 dandyling1846 ineffable1859 guinea pig1860 Dundreary swell1862 masher1872 dude1877 mash1879 dudette1883 dand1886 heavy gunner1890 posh1890 nut1904 smoothie1929 fancy-pants1930 saga boy1941 fancy Dan1943 1860 F. W. Fairholt Costume in Eng. (ed. 2) 328 Those who persevered in the fashion [of wearing hair-powder] paid one guinea a year for the privilege, hence the jesters nicknamed them guinea-pigs. c. An evacuee or billetee in the war of 1939–45. colloquial. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [noun] > in another's house > lodger > person billeted > evacuee evacuee1934 guinea pig1939 vacky1940 1939 Daily Dispatch 10 Oct. We are known here [i.e. in the West of England] as the guinea-pigs..and we are being treated locally like those tailless rodents. 1940 Manch. Evening News 16 July I toured a part of Manchester in which every other house seems to be teeming with guinea-pigs, the nickname for the men [sc. soldiers] because the billeting allowances are about a guinea. 1941 New Statesman 30 Aug. 218/3 Guinea Pig—Evacuated civil servant. Derivatives guinea-pigging n. the practice of acting as director of a company for the sake of the guinea fees; also of acting as clerical substitute (or, rarely, engaging the services of one). ΘΠ society > occupation and work > working > [noun] > other types of working self-employment1834 sweating1843 homeworking1844 clock-watching1860 freelancing1879 guinea-pigging1887 outworking1918 sniping1951 sunlighting1961 temping1973 teleworking1981 hotelling1991 1887 Church Times 14 Jan. 26/4 The Rector..preferred guinea-pigging once a Sunday to being present at his post twice a day. 1890 J. Hatton By Order of Czar (1891) 125 A unanimity of belief in joint-stock enterprises that makes guinea-pigging a positive virture. 1894 W. H. Wilkins & H. Vivian Green Bay Tree I. 7 By ‘guinea-pigging’, floating Companies, and other means. guinea-pig v. (intransitive) to act as the subject of an experiment; also transitive, to use (a person) thus. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > try experiments or make experiment [verb (intransitive)] > be subject to an experiment guinea-pig1955 the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > make experiment of or with [verb (transitive)] > use as subject of experiment guinea-pig1955 1955 Times 20 June 9/4 He..might like to spend a ‘holiday’ at Salisbury, guinea pigging for the Common Cold Research Unit. 1961 Time (Atlantic ed.) 3 Mar. 19 [The astronauts] were guinea-pigged into hot chambers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1664
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