grindingn.

/ˈɡrʌɪndɪŋ/

Etymology: < grind v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.

The action of grind v.¹, in various senses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > [noun]

grindc1200

grinding1340

contritionc1384

brayingc1440

milling1466

braisinga1500

comminution1578

pealing1582

pounding1591

contusion1617

pulping1640

pistillation1646

trituration1646

triture1657

commolition1658

grist1676

porphyrization1771

comminuting1776

atomization1865

micronization1941

micronizing1941

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [noun] > processing > grinding

grinding1340

rough grinding1748

plough grinding1892

plunge grinding1935

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > [noun] > gnashing of teeth

gristbitingc950

gristbitec1275

gnastinga1300

grinding1340

grintingc1386

grispingc1400

gruntinga1425

gnashing1495

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [noun] > grating or rasping > grinding or gnashing teeth

gristbitingc950

gristc1000

gristbitec1275

gnastinga1300

grinding1340

grintingc1386

grispingc1400

gruntinga1425

gnashing1495

gritting1823

society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [noun] > instruction by tutor

reading1630

grinding1815

supervision1868

1340 Ayenb. 265 Þer is wop and grindinge of teþ.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 212/2 Gryndynge of a mylle, molatura, multura.

c1487 Acc. Prioress of Pray in Monasticon Anglicanum (1821) III. 360 Item paid for helvyng of an ax and gryndyng of knyfe iij^d.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. i. 15 Hee that will haue a cake out of the wheate must tarry the grynding .

1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. xxiv. 84 A Grinding of the Teeth..attended each Dressing.

1815 J. Keble Let. to Coleridge in Mem. (1869) iv. 63 Perhaps when Tom leaves Oxford..we may contrive some gainful grinding [i.e. tutorial] scheme between us.

1860 O. W. Holmes Professor at Breakfast-table viii. 225 The..grinding of the crushing gravel changes to a deep heavy rumble.

1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island v. xxii. 179 A certain tossing of foliage and grinding of boughs.

Compounds

C1. ‘Adapted for, or connected with, grinding’; in names of apparatus, machinery, etc. Used in various trades.

grinding-bed n.

grinding-bench n.

ΚΠ

1853 O. Byrne Handbk. Artisan 118 The machinery for driving the beam is fixed in a frame about six feet square and eighteen inches high, placed between the two grinding-benches.

grinding-block n.

grinding-clamp n.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Grinding-clamp.

grinding-lathe n.

grinding-machine n.

grinding-mill n.

ΚΠ

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 541 Two boring and grinding-mills for gun-barrels.

grinding-pan n.

ΚΠ

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 332 Large grinding-pan, with capacity of eight tons of tailings daily.

grinding-slab n.

ΚΠ

1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 131 Two long rows of grinding-slabs.

grinding-slip n.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Grinding-slip, a thin slab of oil-stone or hone to reach edges of tools which cannot be conveniently applied to the usual stone.

grinding-vat n.

grinding-operation n.

ΚΠ

1846 R. Liston Pract. Surg. (ed. 4) xii. 496 [Lithotomy] was done, as he said, with less pain than that attendant upon any of the grinding operations.

grinding-room n.

ΚΠ

1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 130 We follow our guide to the grinding-room, where this roughness is ground off.

grinding-season n.

ΚΠ

1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 668 During the last grinding-season nearly every man, woman, and child on his plantation, including his overseer and himself, were at work fully eighteen hours a day.

C2. ‘Suitable for being ground’.

grinding-barley n.

ΚΠ

1881 Daily News 23 Aug. 3/6 Grinding barley was..dearer by 1s. per quarter.

C3. Special combinations.

† grinding-barrow n. Obsolete a knife-grinder's barrow.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > polishing or sharpening > grinder's barrow

grinding-barrow1780

1780 S. Johnson in Boswell Life Johnson (1847) 661/2 He would bring home a grinding barrow, which you see in every street in London.

† grinding-house n. Obsolete a mill (tr. Latin pistrinum).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > [noun] > corn-mill > building

millOE

mill-housec1300

by-mill1456

grinding-house1598

1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence Heautontimoroumenos iii. ii, in Terence in Eng. 226 The fellow is worthie to be put into the grinding-house.

grinding-money n. an allowance paid in certain trades to cover the time spent in sharpening tools.

ΚΠ

1892 Labour Commission Gloss. at Money Grinding-money, the money paid in the barge-building industry for the time allowed for sharpening tools on leaving a job.

† grinding-organ n. Obsolete a barrel organ.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > musical box > [noun] > barrel-organ

hand organ1721

street organ1769

barrel organ1772

music box1773

grinding-organ1801

panharmonicon1811

flute-organ1828

orchestrino1838

orchestrion1838

organ1841

piano organ1842

autophone1850

grind-organ1888

1801 Mrs. Croffts Salvador I. 91 He added also a French horn, a clarionet, a grinding organ, all which he kept continually playing.

grinding-wheel n. (a) a wheel adapted for grinding or polishing; (b) a building fitted up with water or steam power for grinding cutlery or tools.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > place where specific jobs are done > [noun] > grinding

grinding-wheel1791

hull1831

grindery1884

society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > polishing or sharpening

grindle stonec1400

grindstone1404

glazier1688

wheel1707

grinding-wheel1791

glaze-wheel1853

1791 W. Jessop Rep. Navigation Thames 21 An old arch way next adjoining to the Grinding Wheel.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 381 Grinding wheels or grinding mills are divided into a number of separate rooms.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

grindingadj.

Etymology: < grind v.¹ + -ing suffix².Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈgrinding.

a. That grinds. grinding tooth = grinder n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [adjective] > grinding

grindinga1000

profile grinding1917

a1000 Laws Æthelbert (Schmid) c. 11 Ȝif man wið cyninges mægden-man geligeð, 1 scillinga gebete. Ȝif hio grindende þeowa sio, xxv scillinga gebete.

1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie ii. 226 To have the arms and grinding teeth ready and fit to do some action.

1708 N. Rowe Royal Convert iii. i. 25 The shrinking Sinews start, A smeary Foam works o'er my grinding Jaws.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 143 The surface of the under grinding mill-stone.

1869 J. E. Gray Guide to Brit. Mus. 2 Flying Foxes have blunt grinding teeth.

1878 L. P. Meredith Teeth (ed. 2) 76 The tooth-brush should be applied..from side to side on the grinding surfaces.

figurative.1884 Athenæum 16 Aug. 207/3 A yearly examination, frequently of a mechanical and grinding character.

b. Of sounds: Similar to that made by grinding; grating, strident.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [adjective] > grating

grating1718

griding1740

grinding1826

raspish1847

grounding1876

1826 T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds (ed. 6) I. 248 This bird..is best known by the lengthened grinding, sibilous noise which it makes.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlii. 386 You become conscious of a sharp, humming, grinding murmur.

2. Burdensome, crushing, exacting, oppressive. †Of a person: Extortionate.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [adjective]

tyrannish1390

oppressinga1475

tyrannica1492

tyranful1533

tyrannicala1538

tyrannous1556

tyranniousc1561

tramplinga1586

suppressing1589

grinding1598

ingrating1599

wringing1620

inquisitory1639

inquisitional1644

oppressive1646

tyrannial1651

grating1653

inquisitorial1796

oppressive1972

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. vii. sig. F2 He that doth snort in fat-fed luxury, And gapes for some grinding Monopoly.

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης v. 44 They undid nothing in the State but irregular and grinding Courts.

1703 W. Burkitt Expos. Notes New Test. Matt. ix. 9 Matthew, a grinding Publican, is the Man.

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna v. xxxii. 109 The stress of grinding toil.

1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. viii. 126 A heavy excise or a grinding income-tax.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 267 The clergy were accused of..acts of grinding oppression.

3. Of pain, etc.: Excruciating, racking, wearing.Also, in Midwifery, the distinctive epithet of the pains in the first stage of labour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [adjective] > relating to agony or torment > causing agony or torment

sharpc1000

grievousc1290

smartc1300

fellc1330

unsufferablea1340

keena1375

poignantc1390

rending?c1400

furiousc1405

stoutc1425

unbearablec1449

agonizing1570

tormenting1575

cruciable1578

raging1590

tormentuous1597

pungent1598

racking1598

acute1615

wrenching1618

excruciating1664

grinding1681

excruciate1773

discruciating1788

unendurable1801

of bare sufferance1823

perialgic1893

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > [adjective]

anguishous?c1225

wounding?c1225

asperc1374

derflya1400

rending?c1400

furiousc1405

fretting1413

piercingc1450

anguish1477

piquant1521

anguishing?1566

plaguing1566

asperous?1567

agonizing1570

tormenting1575

wringing1576

cutting1582

tormentous1583

tormentful1596

tormentuous1597

racking1598

torturous1600

lacerating1609

torturing1611

tearinga1616

heart-aching1620

breast-rending1625

crucifying1648

tormentative1654

martyring?a1656

tormentive1655

discruciating1658

cruciatory1660

anguishful1685

brain-racking1708

probing1749

agonized1793

anguished1803

harrowing1810

vulnerary1821

grinding1869

torturesome1889

wrenching1889

tortuous1922

1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace ix. 189 Are we glad when the grinding pain of the Stone, or racking fits..are over?

1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Iphis & Ianthe in Examen Poeticum 73 Now grinding pains proceed to bearing throws.

1831 R. W. Evans Rectory of Valehead (ed. 2) v. 79 Thou shalt with grinding wounds be gor'd.

1851 F. H. Ramsbotham Princ. & Pract. Obstetr. Med. (ed. 3) 101 So long as the ‘grinding pains’ continue there is no chance of a speedy release.

1869 A. Trollope He knew he was Right I. xlv. 347 The grinding suspicion that he was to be kept in the dark.

Derivatives

ˈgrindingly adv. in a grinding manner.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [adverb]

tyrantlyc1470

tyrannicly1539

tyrannously?1542

slavely1553

tyrannically1560

tyranniously1608

slavishly1621

oppressively1650

grindingly1828

inquisitorially1830

1828 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 38 543 No other peasantry..is..so grievously and grindingly oppressed by the land-holders.

1889 A. T. Pask Eyes of Thames 97 The poor Thames has been hardly served indeed in these grindingly practical times.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2020).

单词	grinding
释义	grindingn. /ˈɡrʌɪndɪŋ/ Etymology: < grind v.¹ + -ing suffix¹. The action of grind v.¹, in various senses. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > [noun] grindc1200 grinding1340 contritionc1384 brayingc1440 milling1466 braisinga1500 comminution1578 pealing1582 pounding1591 contusion1617 pulping1640 pistillation1646 trituration1646 triture1657 commolition1658 grist1676 porphyrization1771 comminuting1776 atomization1865 micronization1941 micronizing1941 society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [noun] > processing > grinding grinding1340 rough grinding1748 plough grinding1892 plunge grinding1935 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > [noun] > gnashing of teeth gristbitingc950 gristbitec1275 gnastinga1300 grinding1340 grintingc1386 grispingc1400 gruntinga1425 gnashing1495 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [noun] > grating or rasping > grinding or gnashing teeth gristbitingc950 gristc1000 gristbitec1275 gnastinga1300 grinding1340 grintingc1386 grispingc1400 gruntinga1425 gnashing1495 gritting1823 society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [noun] > instruction by tutor reading1630 grinding1815 supervision1868 1340 Ayenb. 265 Þer is wop and grindinge of teþ. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 212/2 Gryndynge of a mylle, molatura, multura. c1487 Acc. Prioress of Pray in Monasticon Anglicanum (1821) III. 360 Item paid for helvyng of an ax and gryndyng of knyfe iij^d. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. i. 15 Hee that will haue a cake out of the wheate must tarry the grynding . View more context for this quotation 1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. xxiv. 84 A Grinding of the Teeth..attended each Dressing. 1815 J. Keble Let. to Coleridge in Mem. (1869) iv. 63 Perhaps when Tom leaves Oxford..we may contrive some gainful grinding [i.e. tutorial] scheme between us. 1860 O. W. Holmes Professor at Breakfast-table viii. 225 The..grinding of the crushing gravel changes to a deep heavy rumble. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island v. xxii. 179 A certain tossing of foliage and grinding of boughs. Compounds C1. ‘Adapted for, or connected with, grinding’; in names of apparatus, machinery, etc. Used in various trades. a. grinding-bed n. grinding-bench n. ΚΠ 1853 O. Byrne Handbk. Artisan 118 The machinery for driving the beam is fixed in a frame about six feet square and eighteen inches high, placed between the two grinding-benches. grinding-block n. grinding-clamp n. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Grinding-clamp. grinding-lathe n. grinding-machine n. grinding-mill n. ΚΠ 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 541 Two boring and grinding-mills for gun-barrels. grinding-pan n. ΚΠ 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 332 Large grinding-pan, with capacity of eight tons of tailings daily. grinding-slab n. ΚΠ 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 131 Two long rows of grinding-slabs. grinding-slip n. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Grinding-slip, a thin slab of oil-stone or hone to reach edges of tools which cannot be conveniently applied to the usual stone. grinding-vat n. b. grinding-operation n. ΚΠ 1846 R. Liston Pract. Surg. (ed. 4) xii. 496 [Lithotomy] was done, as he said, with less pain than that attendant upon any of the grinding operations. grinding-room n. ΚΠ 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 130 We follow our guide to the grinding-room, where this roughness is ground off. grinding-season n. ΚΠ 1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 668 During the last grinding-season nearly every man, woman, and child on his plantation, including his overseer and himself, were at work fully eighteen hours a day. C2. ‘Suitable for being ground’. grinding-barley n. ΚΠ 1881 Daily News 23 Aug. 3/6 Grinding barley was..dearer by 1s. per quarter. C3. Special combinations. † grinding-barrow n. Obsolete a knife-grinder's barrow. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > polishing or sharpening > grinder's barrow grinding-barrow1780 1780 S. Johnson in Boswell Life Johnson (1847) 661/2 He would bring home a grinding barrow, which you see in every street in London. † grinding-house n. Obsolete a mill (tr. Latin pistrinum). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > [noun] > corn-mill > building millOE mill-housec1300 by-mill1456 grinding-house1598 1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence Heautontimoroumenos iii. ii, in Terence in Eng. 226 The fellow is worthie to be put into the grinding-house. grinding-money n. an allowance paid in certain trades to cover the time spent in sharpening tools. ΚΠ 1892 Labour Commission Gloss. at Money Grinding-money, the money paid in the barge-building industry for the time allowed for sharpening tools on leaving a job. † grinding-organ n. Obsolete a barrel organ. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > musical box > [noun] > barrel-organ hand organ1721 street organ1769 barrel organ1772 music box1773 grinding-organ1801 panharmonicon1811 flute-organ1828 orchestrino1838 orchestrion1838 organ1841 piano organ1842 autophone1850 grind-organ1888 1801 Mrs. Croffts Salvador I. 91 He added also a French horn, a clarionet, a grinding organ, all which he kept continually playing. grinding-wheel n. (a) a wheel adapted for grinding or polishing; (b) a building fitted up with water or steam power for grinding cutlery or tools. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > place where specific jobs are done > [noun] > grinding grinding-wheel1791 hull1831 grindery1884 society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > polishing or sharpening grindle stonec1400 grindstone1404 glazier1688 wheel1707 grinding-wheel1791 glaze-wheel1853 1791 W. Jessop Rep. Navigation Thames 21 An old arch way next adjoining to the Grinding Wheel. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 381 Grinding wheels or grinding mills are divided into a number of separate rooms. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). grindingadj. Etymology: < grind v.¹ + -ing suffix².Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈgrinding. 1. a. That grinds. grinding tooth = grinder n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [adjective] > grinding grindinga1000 profile grinding1917 a1000 Laws Æthelbert (Schmid) c. 11 Ȝif man wið cyninges mægden-man geligeð, 1 scillinga gebete. Ȝif hio grindende þeowa sio, xxv scillinga gebete. 1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie ii. 226 To have the arms and grinding teeth ready and fit to do some action. 1708 N. Rowe Royal Convert iii. i. 25 The shrinking Sinews start, A smeary Foam works o'er my grinding Jaws. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 143 The surface of the under grinding mill-stone. 1869 J. E. Gray Guide to Brit. Mus. 2 Flying Foxes have blunt grinding teeth. 1878 L. P. Meredith Teeth (ed. 2) 76 The tooth-brush should be applied..from side to side on the grinding surfaces. figurative.1884 Athenæum 16 Aug. 207/3 A yearly examination, frequently of a mechanical and grinding character. b. Of sounds: Similar to that made by grinding; grating, strident. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [adjective] > grating grating1718 griding1740 grinding1826 raspish1847 grounding1876 1826 T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds (ed. 6) I. 248 This bird..is best known by the lengthened grinding, sibilous noise which it makes. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlii. 386 You become conscious of a sharp, humming, grinding murmur. 2. Burdensome, crushing, exacting, oppressive. †Of a person: Extortionate. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [adjective] tyrannish1390 oppressinga1475 tyrannica1492 tyranful1533 tyrannicala1538 tyrannous1556 tyranniousc1561 tramplinga1586 suppressing1589 grinding1598 ingrating1599 wringing1620 inquisitory1639 inquisitional1644 oppressive1646 tyrannial1651 grating1653 inquisitorial1796 oppressive1972 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. vii. sig. F2 He that doth snort in fat-fed luxury, And gapes for some grinding Monopoly. 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης v. 44 They undid nothing in the State but irregular and grinding Courts. 1703 W. Burkitt Expos. Notes New Test. Matt. ix. 9 Matthew, a grinding Publican, is the Man. 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna v. xxxii. 109 The stress of grinding toil. 1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. viii. 126 A heavy excise or a grinding income-tax. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 267 The clergy were accused of..acts of grinding oppression. 3. Of pain, etc.: Excruciating, racking, wearing.Also, in Midwifery, the distinctive epithet of the pains in the first stage of labour. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [adjective] > relating to agony or torment > causing agony or torment sharpc1000 grievousc1290 smartc1300 fellc1330 unsufferablea1340 keena1375 poignantc1390 rending?c1400 furiousc1405 stoutc1425 unbearablec1449 agonizing1570 tormenting1575 cruciable1578 raging1590 tormentuous1597 pungent1598 racking1598 acute1615 wrenching1618 excruciating1664 grinding1681 excruciate1773 discruciating1788 unendurable1801 of bare sufferance1823 perialgic1893 the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > [adjective] anguishous?c1225 wounding?c1225 asperc1374 derflya1400 rending?c1400 furiousc1405 fretting1413 piercingc1450 anguish1477 piquant1521 anguishing?1566 plaguing1566 asperous?1567 agonizing1570 tormenting1575 wringing1576 cutting1582 tormentous1583 tormentful1596 tormentuous1597 racking1598 torturous1600 lacerating1609 torturing1611 tearinga1616 heart-aching1620 breast-rending1625 crucifying1648 tormentative1654 martyring?a1656 tormentive1655 discruciating1658 cruciatory1660 anguishful1685 brain-racking1708 probing1749 agonized1793 anguished1803 harrowing1810 vulnerary1821 grinding1869 torturesome1889 wrenching1889 tortuous1922 1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace ix. 189 Are we glad when the grinding pain of the Stone, or racking fits..are over? 1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Iphis & Ianthe in Examen Poeticum 73 Now grinding pains proceed to bearing throws. 1831 R. W. Evans Rectory of Valehead (ed. 2) v. 79 Thou shalt with grinding wounds be gor'd. 1851 F. H. Ramsbotham Princ. & Pract. Obstetr. Med. (ed. 3) 101 So long as the ‘grinding pains’ continue there is no chance of a speedy release. 1869 A. Trollope He knew he was Right I. xlv. 347 The grinding suspicion that he was to be kept in the dark. Derivatives ˈgrindingly adv. in a grinding manner. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [adverb] tyrantlyc1470 tyrannicly1539 tyrannously?1542 slavely1553 tyrannically1560 tyranniously1608 slavishly1621 oppressively1650 grindingly1828 inquisitorially1830 1828 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 38 543 No other peasantry..is..so grievously and grindingly oppressed by the land-holders. 1889 A. T. Pask Eyes of Thames 97 The poor Thames has been hardly served indeed in these grindingly practical times. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2020). > as lemmas ˈgrinding ˈgrinding n. slang. ΚΠ 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Macinio, the grinding or greest. Also taken for carnall copulation.] 1966 I. Jefferies House-surgeon ix. 162 Rob, what do you think about grinding..? I know it's time-wasting but it's so difficult to do without it. extracted from grindv.¹ < n.1340adj.a1000 as lemmas
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grindingn.

Compounds

grindingadj.

Derivatives

> as lemmas