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单词 griffin
释义

griffingriffongryphonn.1

/ˈɡrɪfɪn/ /ˈɡrɪfən/
Forms: α. Middle English griffun, gryffoun(e, (Middle English gryffown), Middle English griffoun(e, greffon, Middle English–1600s gryffon, Middle English, 1600s–1700s grifon, 1500s gryfon, 1500s–1600s griffion, 1500s griffen, 1600s gryffen, Middle English griffyn, (Middle English grefyne, grifyn), 1600s–1700s gryffin, Middle English– griffon, 1500s– griffin. β. Middle English, 1600s griphon, (1500s girphinne, Scottish grephoun), 1500s–1600s griphin, 1500s–1700s gryphin, 1600s, 1800s gryphen, Middle English– gryphon.
Etymology: < Old French grifoun, French griffon (Old French also gripon) = Italian grifone, < Latin grȳphus (Mela) = grȳps (genitive grȳphis), < Greek γρύψ (genitive γρῡπός). In sense 2, and its combination in Compounds 2, the regular modern spelling is griffon, in other senses usually griffin, though gryphon is used by many writers as having more dignified associations.
1.
a. A fabulous animal usually represented as having the head and wings of an eagle and the body and hind quarters of a lion.By the Greeks they were believed to inhabit Scythia, and to keep jealous watch over the gold of that country.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > hybrid creature or monster > [noun] > (egg of) griffin
gripec1275
griffin13..
gripe's egg1391
grypha1398
griffiness1834
13.. K. Alis. 496 The griffon of him was agast.
c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1275 Lik a grifphon looked he aboute [Lansd., Corpus & Hengwrt MSS. griffon, Cambr. MS. grefoun].
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxix. 132 In þat land er many griffouns..þai hafe þe schappe of ane egle before, and behind þe schappe of a lyoun.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. iv. 69 The gryffons wylde whiche haue bodyes of lyouns fleyng.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1981 Frome a greffon he was refte.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 88 The Griphin is a Foule of plentifull and thicke fether, and foure footed withall.
1601 R. Chester Loves Martyr 119 The Griffon is a bird rich feathered, His head is like a Lion, and his flight Is like the Eagles.
1620 F. Quarles Feast for Wormes Propos. The Horse and Gryphin shall together sleepe.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 943 As when a Gryfon through the Wilderness..Pursues the Arimaspian, who by stelth Had from his wakeful custody purloind The guarded Gold. View more context for this quotation
1713 Guardian 20 May 2/1 A learned Controversie about the Existence of Griffins.
1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 30 Aug. (1965) I. 258 Amongst these Relicks they show'd me a prodigious claw set in Gold which they call'd the claw of a Griffin.
1829 T. Carlyle in Foreign Rev. Dec. 101 A stony desert tenanted by Gryphons and Chimeras.
a1856 H. Miller Testimony of Rocks (1857) iii. 142 The great dragons and griffins and ‘laithly worms’ of mediaeval legend.
1865 ‘L. Carroll’ Alice's Adventures in Wonderland ix. 138 They very soon came upon a Gryphon, lying fast asleep in the sun.
b. A representation or figure of a griffin, as in Heraldry, Sculpture, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic representations of creatures > [noun] > monsters
dragonc1330
griffina1400
yalec1425
mermaid1445
manticorec1470
cockatrice1513
mermaiden1538
opinicus1546
lituit1562
Pegasus1562
equicerve1572
harpy1572
lyciske1572
verme1572
wyver1599
merman1601
lion-dragon1610
lion-poisson1610
wyvern1610
Sagittarius1619
sagittary1632
man-fish1653
sea lion1661
satyral1724
man-tiger1780
sea-dog1780
Welsh dragon1799
camelopardel1830
satyr1845
serpivolant1866
sea monkey1909
a1400 Coer de L. 2963 Off red sendel were her baneres. With three gryffouns depaynted wel.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 3870 Qwat gome was he this with the gaye armes, With þis gryffoune of golde.
1439 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 117 A Skochen of myn Armes..and ij Greffons to bere hit vppe.
1460 Lybeaus Disc. 81 A scheld..Wyth a gryffoun of say.
1552 Inv. Bexley in Archaeologia Cantiana (1872) 8 108 On cope of red with floures and griffens of gold.
1640 J. Yorke Union of Honour 119 A Griffin Sergreant Or.
1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty vi. 33 The griffin, a modern hiero~glyphic, signifying strength and swiftness.
1778 T. Pennant Tour in Wales I. 67 The Britons..put letters on them [ sc. coins], elephants, and gryphons; things they were before unacquainted with.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian viii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 237 The paw remained suspended in the air..like the claw of a heraldic griffin.
?1828 W. Berry Encycl. Heraldica I. sig. Ee2v/1 Griffin Male, in heraldry is represented without wings, having rays of gold issuing from various parts of the body.
1831 W. S. Landor Count Julian in Wks. (1846) II. 514 Gryphens and Eagles, ivory and gold, Can add no clearness to the lamp above.
1863 M. E. Braddon John Marchmont's Legacy I. v. 82 Grim stone griffins surmount the terrace-steps.
1863 C. Boutell Man. Heraldry xi. 68 A gryphon is the dexter Supporter of the Duke of Cleveland.
2. A vulture; now = griffon-vulture (see Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > vultures or a vulture
gripea1250
vulturec1374
griffin1382
bawtere1486
grape?a1500
geir1565
gryph1570
carrion crow1699
aasvoel1821
carrion-vulture1829
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > vultures or a vulture > genus Gyps (griffin-vulture)
griffin1382
griffon-vulture1831
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Lev. xi. 13 An egle, and a griffyn [L. gryphem], and a merlyoun.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. xiv. 12 Egle, and griffun.
1609 Bible (Douay) I. Lev. xi. 13 The Eagle, and the griffon, and the osprey.
1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab vii. 131 The griffons circled and soared from their eyries.
1876 Oxford Bible-Helps 95 ‘Eagle’ (Deut. xxxii. 11)..the..griffon, great vulture.
1885 Standard Nat. Hist. IV. 274 The griffin or fulvous-vulture, Gyps fulvus.
3. transferred. A grim-looking or extremely vigilant guardian. (Cf. dragon n.1)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > keeper or guardian > grim or vigilant
griffin1824
1824 R. B. Peake Americans Abroad I. ii. 7/1 It [the larder] is always locked up, by that she griffin with a bunch of keys.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
griffin-beaked adj.
ΚΠ
1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 140 The griffin-beaked galleys of the ancient Scandinavians.
griffin-guarded adj.
ΚΠ
1842 Ld. Tennyson Audley Court in Poems (new ed.) II. 43 The griffin-guarded gates.
griffin-like adj.
ΚΠ
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 18 A corporalty of griffonlike Promooters, and Apparitors.
griffin-winged adj.
ΚΠ
1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xviii. xiii. 686 Ausonius..makes her [sc. the Sphynx]..griffin-winged.
C2.
griffin's foot n. a surgical instrument, so called from its form.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > instrument for raising depressed bone
griffin's foot1611
elevatory1617
levatory1617
levator1672
triploid1750
lever1846
trepanning-elevator1877
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Pied de Griffon, a Griffons foot.
1750 Mem. Royal Acad. Surg. Paris I. 162 The instruments hitherto used to raise the bones of the cranium depressed on the dura mater are..the griffin's foot.
griffon-vulture n. a vulture of the genus Gyps, esp. G. fulvus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > vultures or a vulture > genus Gyps (griffin-vulture)
griffin1382
griffon-vulture1831
1831 E. T. Bennett Gardens & Menagerie Zool. Soc. II. 97 The Griffon Vulture. Vultur fulvus.
1833 C. Bell Hand iii. 74 If the griffon-vulture be frightened after his repast, he must disgorge, before he flies.
1885 Standard Nat. Hist. IV. 275 The griffon-vulture, Gyps fulvus.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

griffinn.2

/ˈɡrɪfɪn/
Etymology: Of uncertain origin: usually explained as a figurative use of griffin n.1, but there is no evidence for this.
Anglo-Indian.
A European newly arrived in India, and unaccustomed to Indian ways and peculiarities; a novice, new-comer, greenhorn.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > novice or beginner
younglingOE
new-comeOE
novice1340
ginner?c1400
beginner1470
apprentice1489
prentice1489
infant1526
freshmana1557
intrant1560
enterer1565
puny?1570
weakling1575
new comeling1587
novist1587
incipient1589
puisne1592
abecedary1596
neophyte1600
abecedarian1603
bachelor1604
novelist?1608
alphabetary1611
breeching boy1611
tiro1611
alphabetarian1614
principiant1619
unexperienced1622
velvet head1631
undergraduatea1659
young stager1664
greenhorn1672
battledore boy1693
youngster1706
tironist1716
novitiatea1734
recruit1749
griffin1793
initiate1811
Johnny Newcome1815
Johnny Raw1823
griff1829
plebe1833
Johnny-come-lately1839
new chum1851
blanc-bec1853
fledgling1856
rookie1868
elementarian1876
tenderfoot1881
shorthorn1888
new kid1894
cheechako1897
ring-neck1898
Johnny1901
rook1902
fresh meat1908
malihini1914
initiand1915
stooge1930
intakea1943
cub1966
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > unfamiliarity with, inexperience > [noun] > inexperienced person
imperite1614
greenhorn1672
unadept1745
griffin1793
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of India > [noun] > native or inhabitant of India > European > newly arrived
griffin1793
griff1829
1793 Child in R. Southey Life Bell (1844) I. 459 Wilks..will..lend you every assistance in forwarding these matters, in which..you must, I presume, be a perfect griffin.
1794 H. Boyd Indian Observ. No. 34. ⁋5 I am little better than an unfledged Griffin, according to the fashionable phrase here [i.e. in Madras].
1807 J. Johnson Oriental Voy. 73 Every arrival from Europe..as soon as he touches terra~firma is a griffin.
1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master ii. 30 (note) Young men, immediately on their arrival in India, are termed griffins, and retain this honour until they are twelve months in the country.
1836 Lett. fr. Madras (1843) 38 Mrs. Staunton laughs at me, and calls me a ‘griffin’..(N.B. Griffin means a freshman or freshwoman in India.)
1883 Ld. Saltoun Scraps II. iv. 159 Utter greenhorns or griffins, as Indian phraseology has it.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2020).

griffinn.3

Etymology: Origin unascertained.
slang.
A tip (in betting, etc.); a signal, hint. Cf. griff n.6
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > [noun] > special or useful
hint1777
wrinkle1818
tip1845
hunch1849
the straight tip1871
kinklea1873
speech1874
quiff1881
pointer1884
griffin1889
griff1891
tip-off1901
rumble1905
wheeze1906
drum1915
1889 Cassell's Sat. Jrnl. Jan. 305/3 Plank yourself at the corner to give the griffin (signal) if you hear or see owt.
1891 J. Newman Scamping Tricks & Odd Knowl. 95 When he wanted to give the chaps in the office the straight griffin, he used to say, ‘Nelson's my guide.’
1912 A. M. N. Lyons Clara xxiv. 265 ‘This is the Straight Griffin, Fred,’ said Mr. Cozenza: ‘the absolute straight Tip.’
1966 F. Shaw et al. Lern Yerself Scouse 63 Let's give de fellers de griffin.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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