gridn.

Brit.

/ɡrɪd/, U.S.

/ɡrɪd/

Etymology: back-formation < gridiron n.

a. An arrangement of parallel bars with openings between them; a grating.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [noun] > grating or lattice

latticea1382

trellisa1400

grate1412

trail1485

tresance1510

cradle1561

craticle1657

grillade1727

grating1739

treillage1836

grid1839

gridiron1854

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 585 [article Glass-making] A is the pot, resting upon the arched grid b a, built of fire-bricks, whose apertures are wide enough to let the flames rise freely, and strike the bottom and sides of the vessel.

c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 34/1 Air is admitted through openings or grids in the floor.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 209/2 A circular enclosure formed by a grid of angular iron bars.

1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 27/1 An open earthen~ware channel, which conveys the drainage into a suitable grid placed outside the building.

b. (See quot. 1892.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > storage battery > components of

grid1884

lithanode1887

1884 F. Krohn tr. G. Glaser de Cew Magneto- & Dynamo-electr. Machines 122 The red lead paste becomes very firmly gripped by the surrounding grid-work.

1892 T. O'C. Sloane Standard Electr. Dict. (1893) 281 Grid, a lead plate perforated or ridged for use in a storage battery as the supporter of the active materials and in part as contributing thereto from its own substance.

1964 G. Smith Storage Batteries ii. 13 A grid consists of an outer frame with take-off lug and a central mesh or lattice of vertical and horizontal ribs.

1968 R. H. Bacon Car x. 136 If the battery is old, or subjected to repeated complete discharge and charge, the paste may fall away from the grid.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

c. Mining. = griddle n. 3 (Funk's Stand. Dict.)

2. = gridiron n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > gridiron

roasting-ironc1350

roast-iron1354

brandiron1381

gridiron1382

broiler1393

griddlea1425

branderc1450

grate-iron1577

chaplet1664

grill1685

grid1875

parrilla1964

parrillada1975

robata1975

charbroiler1982

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. [‘The Silver Grid’ appears as the name of several restaurants in London.]

3. Nautical. = gridiron n. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > slip on which ships built or repaired > framework on which vessel rests

stocks1422

trestle1612

cradle1627

boat cradle1829

gridiron1846

skid1856

grid1867

crib1883

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk.

1879 Engineering 7 Mar. 203/1 At high water the vessel is brought over the grid, and as soon as she is shored up the lifting commences.

4. Theatre. = gridiron n. 3c (Funk's Stand. Dict.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > stage > [noun] > parts above stage

shadow1600

fly1805

rigging loft1851

gridiron-floor1881

gridiron1886

fly-gallery1888

grid1927

1927 Stage 27 Oct. 17/6 Ask him [sc. the young actor] questions about the grid, the apron,..and he will be at sea.

1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage iv. 43 Seventy feet above the stage-level is the grid from which the scenery is flown.

1959 A. S. Gillette Stage Scenery vii. 171 Hoisting cables run from the winches to dollies that may be shifted to any position on the grid.

5. Originally: a wire gauze or helix or a perforated plate between the filament and the anode of a thermionic valve, forming a third electrode to which a voltage can be applied to control or modulate the flow of electrons from the filament. Later extended to any electrode in a valve, gas discharge tube, or similar device, having one or more apertures for the passage of electrons or ions; control grid n. one that serves as a control electrode. Cf. screen grid n., suppressor grid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > thermionic valve > [noun] > grid

grid1907

screen1914

screened grid1927

screen grid1927

suppressor grid1931

suppressor1932

1907 Electr. World 30 Nov. 1034/1 In his talk, Dr. De Forest stated that many types of receivers are suitable for wireless Telephone work... However, the Audion receiver, especially in its latest form in which the antenna is joined to an isolated grid interposed between a tantalum filament and a platinum wing, gives perfect ‘articulation’.

1919 R. Stanley Text-bk. Wireless Telegr. (new ed.) II. xi. 208 The output is controlled by the control grid, which is between the filament and the heavier grid anode beyond.

1923 E. W. Marchant Radio Telegr. iv. 52 When a grid is introduced into the valve, it may be used, not merely for rectifying signals.., but..for amplifying or increasing the strength of a signal.

1947 D. G. Fink Radar Engin. xi. 538 The potential on the control electrode (grid) controls the brightness of the spot.

1950 J. C. Slater Microwave Electronics xi. 279 For a relatively short accelerator, there may be few enough grids so that a considerable fraction of the ion beam penetrates all the grids.

1950 J. F. Rider & F. D. Uslan Encycl. Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopes v. 86/1 Surrounding the cathode [of the electron gun] is a cylinder G which has a baffle containing a tiny aperture at its center... The baffle with its aperture is the actual control grid.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. XIV. 241/1 The two control grids in a frequency changer are usually the first and third from the cathode, the other grids being screens, accelerators and suppressors.

a. A network of lines, esp. two series of regularly spaced lines crossing one another at right angles; spec. one provided on a map as a means of specifying the location of places and objects. Also grid finder, grid navigation, grid reference, grid sheet, grid system.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun] > line on map > grid

map square1917

grid1918

1918 in Geogr. Jrnl. (1919) 53 33 Doubtless the German was amused at the conservative Briton, who at first preferred to use a ‘grid’ of squares 1000 yards a side.

1922 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 623/1 For the use of large scale maps in trench warfare..it must be possible to read off at sight the coördinates of any desired point from a ‘grid’ or network of lines printed on the map... For ease and accuracy of reference the ‘grid’ should be in squares.

1924 Times Trade & Engin. Suppl. 29 Nov. 241 Simplicity of reference is ensured by the use of a novel transparent grid sheet, ruled in squares and numbered to correspond with the grid numbers given in the Gazetteer. The use of this grid sheet enables the most obscure place to be found on the map in a moment.

1925 C. F. Close & H. St. J. L. Winterbotham Text Bk. Topogr. & Geogr. Surv. (ed. 3) 135 Some form of reference grid was found necessary by all combatants in the late war.

1925 C. F. Close & H. St. J. L. Winterbotham Text Bk. Topogr. & Geogr. Surv. (ed. 3) 136 To overprint his available maps with the appropriate grid.

1930 G. R. de Beer Embryol. & Evol. iv. 29 The comparison of one adult form with another can be made very instructive by inscribing the shape of one form on a grid-system of Cartesian co-ordinates.

1930 G. R. de Beer Embryol. & Evol. iv. 30 By a harmonious transformation of the grid, the skull of Hyracotherium can be distorted and made to resemble that of the horse.

1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Sept. 674/4 This grid, which has the appearance of a transparent chessboard, can be made to appear at the same height as any object in the stereoscope picture.

1932 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 36 518 This template, often known as the grid finder, is placed on the photograph so that the line representing the apparent horizon coincides with the apparent horizon on the photograph.

1944 Geogr. Rev. 34 436 (title) Grid Navigation by Samuel Herrick.

1944 Geogr. Rev. 34 436 The introduction of a rectangular grid system and what is hereafter described as ‘grid variation’ makes it possible to navigate a straight line on any conformal..chart.

1946 R. J. C. Atkinson Field Archaeol. ii. 46 The interrupted grid system..enables a much larger area to be searched in a given time.

1954 M. Beresford Lost Villages Eng. viii. 270 Grid-references to the 1-inch Ordnance maps.

1958 Listener 13 Nov. 779/1 The first [major development in polar navigation] is the substitution of a rectangular ‘grid’ for the conventional graticule of parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude which converge at the Poles. This simple technique, which has been extensively developed since the war, is generally called ‘grid navigation’.

1963 E. S. Wood Collins Field Guide Archaeol. iv. i. 306 A card index should be kept; one card for each find or site, showing details,..location, with grid reference.

1966 H. Williamson Methods Bk. Design (ed. 2) xiii. 211 The photographer places in the camera..a glass screen ruled with a rectangular grid of fine diagonal lines.

1971 D. Potter Brit. Elizabethan Stamps xiv. 148 This tissue is first exposed behind a fine grid of horizontal and vertical lines.

b. Building. (See quot. 1935.) Also grid plan.

ΚΠ

1935 Archit. Rev. 77 65 The plan of the building conforms to a grid composed of rectangles of this proportion, measuring 2 ft. by 2 ft. 10 ins.

1964 J. S. Scott Dict. Building 153 Grid plan, a plan in which setting-out lines called grid lines coincide with the most important walls and other building components. Prefabricated buildings are usually designed to fit a grid plan.

c. Motor Racing. A pattern of lines painted on the track at the starting-point to indicate the position in which the cars are to line up (see also quot. 1971).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing with vehicles > motor racing > [noun] > course or track > starting grid

starting grid1935

grid1951

1951 C. A. N. May Formula 3 x. 124 Imagine the feelings of young Jeremy Fry when..the engine stalled..and the white car was left on the grid.

1957 S. Moss In Track of Speed xiii. 161 On the first line of the starting grid were Fangio and myself on Mercedes and Ascari on a Lancia.

1966 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. 1964 xlii. 5 Grid, area behind the starting line, usually painted in checked pattern.

1970 Times 8 May 9/2 The controversial qualifying race..would be to decide who should fill the last six places on the grid.

1970 Times 8 May 9/2 The qualifying race will not take place and the grid will be decided on the fastest practice time.

1971 Observer 1 Aug. 19/3 The grid means the pattern of cars when stationary at the start—perhaps three cars on the first row of the grid, two on the second, and so on, the positions being allotted according to the best time you registered in the practice laps.

d. Architecture. (See quots.) Also grid layout, grid plan, grid system. Cf. gridiron n. 3d.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > [noun] > town-planning or development > lay-out

gridiron1883

layout1888

grid1954

1954 Ann. Reg. 1953 104 The Punjab's new capital at Chandigarh..was built on a grid system which separated fast traffic from slow and divided the city into 25 rectangular sectors.

1958 Listener 29 Nov. 826/1 The town is laid out on a grid plan.

1958 Listener 29 Nov. 826/1 In spite of the imposed colonial grid, the landscaping tradition of the old country reasserts itself successfully.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. XIII. 703/2 Wherever land is approximately flat there has been a tendency to use the grid layout, by which a town is divided into ‘blocks’ of approximately equal size by streets at right-angles to each other.

1959 Listener 26 Mar. 542/2 He accepts, as indeed any architect today must accept, the rectangularities, the grid, the engineering forms, the big areas of glass that, for most people, are modern architecture.

1969 Listener 23 Jan. 98/1 Some of the factors blighting American cities (their ruthless grid-plan expansion, [etc.]).

e. Phonetics. ‘A diagrammatic representation of approximate tongue-positions of average English vowels compared with those of cardinal vowels’ (Daniel Jones).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > [noun] > instruments or diagrams

phthongometer1837

logograph1879

glossograph1883

palate-myograph1884

palatogram1902

tongue-curve1902

kymograph1918

voiceprint1918

vowel diagram1932

kymogram1934

speech stretcher1948

word-palatogram1948

recognizer1949

phonolaryngoscope1953

speech recognizer1953

grid1961

voiceprinter1966

1961 Amer. Speech 36 219 Daniel Jones's cardinal vowel grid is proposed as a more useful method of specifying vowel sounds in terms of auditory reference points.

1964 E. Palmer tr. A. Martinet Elements Gen. Linguistics iii. 66 We can..attempt to represent schematically the proportions of the system, by arranging in a ‘grid’ the sets of phonemes characterized by the same relevant feature.

7. A bicycle. slang.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > bicycle

bicycle1868

steed1877

bike1880

jigger1897

push-cycle1905

push bicycle1906

pushbike1910

grid1922

mangle1941

recumbent1968

MTB1988

1922 D. H. Lawrence England my England 111 Oh, well! I wheel the grid, do I?

1943 Coast to Coast 1942 71 ‘I'll walk and wheel the bike, and if my dad's home he can drive out in the car to meet me.’ ‘Gosh, no!’ you said. ‘Here, you go on, on my grid, an' I'll do the walking.’

a. A network of high-voltage transmission lines and connections that supply electricity from a number of generating stations to various distribution centres in a country or a region, so that no consumer is dependent on a single station.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun]

network1883

grid1926

national grid1930

1926 Public Opinion 3 Apr. 331/2 The electrical ‘grid’ is absolutely necessary in the future just as our railway network has been in the past.

1930 Times Financial Rev. 11 Feb. p. xxxiii/1 With transforming stations at the points most suitable for enabling the pool of electricity provided by the ‘Grid’ to be tapped for distribution throughout the area.

1955 Times 5 July p. ii/3 Water for the mill will be drawn from the Tarawera River at the rate of 10,000,000 gallons a day, while hydro-electric power will be supplied by the national grid.

1955 Oxf. Junior Encycl. VIII. 191 Engineers in charge of the grid system meet this problem of changing demand by running the most efficient power stations continuously and by switching in the less efficient smaller stations as the demand increases.

1971 Sci. Amer. Sept. 47/3 Electric power can be transmitted as needed over grids of continental size.

b. Used of any network that serves a similar purpose for other services.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > pipe > system or arrangement of

piping1729

pipework1849

pipeline1856

reticulation1859

ring main1868

plumbinga1929

grid1943

society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > pipe > system or arrangement of > for gas spec.

gas pipe1807

main1808

grid1943

1943 Times 8 Dec. 5/5 Should not our leading water engineers be called upon by the Ministry of Reconstruction to report and prepare comprehensive plans for a national grid?

1960 Economist 15 Oct. 271/3 Total gasification (linked with a national high-pressure grid supplying industry direct and local systems with lean gas for enrichment to town gas), rather than carbonisation, offers the main opportunity.

1970 Sci. Jrnl. Aug. 82/1 [In Holland] a little over 80 per cent of the 13 million inhabitants..are connected to the gasgrid.

9. A strong open framework of iron fixed to the back of a motor car to hold luggage.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > luggage rack

grid1928

roof-rack1929

ski carrier1965

ski rack1968

1928 Evening News 24 July 4/2 It can be carried on either luggage grid or running board.

1928 Daily Mail 25 July 1/5 All straps, loops, etc., which are necessary to fit to the grid of a car.

10. The field on which American football is played; hence loosely, American football. Also attributive. Cf. gridiron n. 3e.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun]

American football1879

football1881

gridiron1896

grid1928

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > scoring > field of play

gridiron1896

grid1928

1928 Chicago Tribune 13 Dec. 25/8 (headline) Law..to lead Irish on Grid in 1929.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 15 Jan. 17/4 It was a satisfying triumph for the aging Packers, who showed their grid obituaries had been written prematurely.

1970 New Yorker 3 Oct. 34/1 You grid fans are just going to have to buckle down... Anybody who can't straighten out a plain old two-league, six-division distribution..probably isn't in shape.

11. Television. In full grid receiver: see quots.

ΚΠ

1929 H. H. Sheldon & E. N. Grisewood Television 147 The operation of the large grid receiver is controlled by a 2500 wire distributor.

1929 H. H. Sheldon & E. N. Grisewood Television 148 This large grid, formed by a continuous neon tube bent back and forth, is the electro-optical element of the receiving equipment used by the Bell Laboratories for large audiences.

1930 Daily Express 30 July 6/2 By dividing the grid-vanes and providing separate plates for the upper and lower grid-vanes.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. (Usually in the sense control grid).

grid battery n.

ΚΠ

1924 Harmsworth's Wireless Encycl. II. 1053/2 The grid battery plays an important part in the operation of power-amplifying valves.

grid condenser n.

ΚΠ

1916 Electrician 76 800/1 The radio frequency beats are then rectified by the audion to charge the grid and the grid condenser, and this charge varies the electron current to produce an amplifying action on the current in the telephones.

1923 Glasgow Herald 29 Jan. 14 The occasional benefit to be derived from a change of gridleaks and grid condensers.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 390/1 Grid condenser, a condenser connected between the grid and the cathode of a thermionic valve.

grid potential n.

ΚΠ

1916 Electrician 76 801/1 A point will finally be reached where the grid potential is sufficiently reduced to allow the wing current to flow.

grid potentiometer n.

ΚΠ

1926 S. O. Pearson Dict. Wireless Terms Grid potentiometer, a potentiometer arranged to enable the grid potential or grid bias to be critically adjusted.

grid voltage n.

ΚΠ

1918 Wireless World June 142 Up to the saturation currents for the gas space within the bulb, the change in plate current is approximately proportional to the grid voltage.

C2.

grid bias n. a steady, usually negative, voltage applied to the control grid of a valve on which the signal voltage is superimposed; hence, the steady potential difference between the control gird and the cathode in the absence of a signal.

ΚΠ

1926 S. O. Pearson Dict. Wireless Terms Grid bias..is the number of volts by which the potential of the grid is above or below that of the negative end of the filament.

1928 Morning Post 26 Jan. 13/4 When there are two stages of low frequency amplification a grid bias of negative 1½ volts is ample.

1968 Listener 20 June 800/3 There was endless trouble with grid-biases, valves, condensers, speakers.

grid circuit n. the circuit connected between the grid and the cathode of a valve.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > electronic circuit > [noun] > valve circuits

grid circuit1916

reaction circuit1919

tank circuit1928

cascode1939

cathode follower1939

1916 Electrician 76 798/2 Oscillations in the grid circuit set up oscillations of similar character in the wing circuit of the audion.

1937 Discovery Feb. 54/1 A simple spherical electrode is connected with the grid circuit of a valve oscillator.

grid control n. control of the anode current, esp. the discharge in a gas discharge tube, by means of the grid voltage.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > thermionic valve > [noun] > grid > control by grid

grid control1921

1921 L. B. Turner Wireless Telegr. vi. 91 (heading) Grid control over anode circuit.

1952 W. G. Dow Fund. Engin. Electronics (ed. 2) xviii. 543 (heading) Grid control of current conduction in a thyratron.

grid-controlled adj.

ΚΠ

1939 H. J. Reich Theory & Applic. Electron Tubes xi. 394 The time required for complete breakdown of grid-controlled arc tubes is of the order of a few microseconds.

1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors viii. 188 These devices show promise as solid state ‘thyratrons’... They have the advantage over grid-controlled gas-tube rectifiers that they can be turned off more readily.

grid current n. the current flowing to the grid from outside the valve.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > thermionic valve > [noun] > grid > current of

grid current1919

screen current1933

1919 Radio Rev. Dec. 144 The circuit..will be called the grid circuit, and the current flowing in it the grid current.

1948 J. W. Gray in Valley & Wallman Vacuum Tube Amplifiers xi. 419 Positive grid current, caused by electrons flowing to the grid from the cathode, is much greater and much less erratic than the negative grid current.

1971 Physics Bull. Feb. 108/2 Conventional electrometer tubes have a minimum guaranteed grid current in the region of 10⁻¹⁵ A, somewhat large for a number of modern requirements.

grid-dip meter n. a calibrated valve oscillator used as a frequency meter, resonance of the tank circuit of the oscillator with the resonant circuit under test being indicated by a drop in the grid current of the valve.

ΚΠ

1959 K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. (ed. 5) xiv. 11 Grid-dip meters... The grid current of an oscillator will ‘dip’ slightly as the wavemeter is tuned through the operating frequency.

1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xiv. 355 It is possible to measure the input and output impedances [of the transistor] in such a case with the aid of a signal generator and a grid-dip meter.

grid-dip oscillator n. see grid-dip meter n.

grid leak n. (also grid leak resistance) a high resistance connected between the grid and the cathode of a valve by which any excess charge on the grid can escape.

ΚΠ

1919 Radio Rev. Nov. 82 R is a large resistance which acts as a grid leak, and should be chosen so as to keep the grids at a voltage found advantageous by trial.

1923 Glasgow Herald 29 Jan. 14 The occasional benefit to be derived from a change of gridleaks and grid condensers.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) II. 184/1 There is always a small grid current flowing through the grid-leak resistor when cathode or fixed bias is used.

grid modulation n. modulation in which the modulating signal is applied to the grid of a valve in which the carrier is present.

ΚΠ

1924 F. H. Haynes Amateur's Bk. Wireless Circuits (ed. 2) 21 In another system of grid modulation the microphone secondary is connected between the grid itself and the L.T. minus, with the grid condenser in the lead to the grid coil and this time not fitted with a leak.

1967 R. L. Shrader Electronic Communication (ed. 2) xvii. 348 Low audio power requirement is one of the advantages of grid modulation.

Derivatives

grid v. transitive to cook on a gridiron.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > grill or broil

broilc1386

carbonado1610

carbonate1629

carbonade1634

grill1668

grillade1727

grid1884

pan-broil1901

braai1959

charbroil1971

1884 J. Bull's Neighbour xii. 90 Where is the Frenchwoman..who can cook a chop, grid a steak, [etc.]?

grid-like adj.

ΚΠ

1950 Mind 59 302 The description..both suggests a kind of permanent grid-like world framework and denies it.

Draft additions June 2012

grid computing n. Computing the technique or practice of using numerous widely separated computers (esp. ones linked via the internet) to carry out large computational tasks by sharing processing power, typically for the purposes of scientific research.

ΚΠ

1998 Proc. 5th ACM Conf. Comp. & Comm. Security 84 This example illustrated many of the distinctive characteristics of the grid computing environment.

2000 N.Y. Times (Electronic ed.) 28 Sept. Grid computing..helped solve a 32-year-old mathematical challenge that was beyond the power of a single computer.

2011 ReadWriteWeb (Nexis) 21 Feb. He muses on the idea of using mobile phones for grid computing, a la SETI@home, to create massive distributed supercomputers for processing all of this data.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	grid
释义	gridn. Brit. /ɡrɪd/, U.S. /ɡrɪd/ Etymology: back-formation < gridiron n. 1. a. An arrangement of parallel bars with openings between them; a grating. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [noun] > grating or lattice latticea1382 trellisa1400 grate1412 trail1485 tresance1510 cradle1561 craticle1657 grillade1727 grating1739 treillage1836 grid1839 gridiron1854 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 585 [article Glass-making] A is the pot, resting upon the arched grid b a, built of fire-bricks, whose apertures are wide enough to let the flames rise freely, and strike the bottom and sides of the vessel. c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 34/1 Air is admitted through openings or grids in the floor. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 209/2 A circular enclosure formed by a grid of angular iron bars. 1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 27/1 An open earthen~ware channel, which conveys the drainage into a suitable grid placed outside the building. b. (See quot. 1892.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > storage battery > components of grid1884 lithanode1887 1884 F. Krohn tr. G. Glaser de Cew Magneto- & Dynamo-electr. Machines 122 The red lead paste becomes very firmly gripped by the surrounding grid-work. 1892 T. O'C. Sloane Standard Electr. Dict. (1893) 281 Grid, a lead plate perforated or ridged for use in a storage battery as the supporter of the active materials and in part as contributing thereto from its own substance. 1964 G. Smith Storage Batteries ii. 13 A grid consists of an outer frame with take-off lug and a central mesh or lattice of vertical and horizontal ribs. 1968 R. H. Bacon Car x. 136 If the battery is old, or subjected to repeated complete discharge and charge, the paste may fall away from the grid. Thesaurus » Categories » c. Mining. = griddle n. 3 (Funk's Stand. Dict.) 2. = gridiron n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > gridiron roasting-ironc1350 roast-iron1354 brandiron1381 gridiron1382 broiler1393 griddlea1425 branderc1450 grate-iron1577 chaplet1664 grill1685 grid1875 parrilla1964 parrillada1975 robata1975 charbroiler1982 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. [‘The Silver Grid’ appears as the name of several restaurants in London.] 3. Nautical. = gridiron n. 3b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > slip on which ships built or repaired > framework on which vessel rests stocks1422 trestle1612 cradle1627 boat cradle1829 gridiron1846 skid1856 grid1867 crib1883 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 1879 Engineering 7 Mar. 203/1 At high water the vessel is brought over the grid, and as soon as she is shored up the lifting commences. 4. Theatre. = gridiron n. 3c (Funk's Stand. Dict.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > stage > [noun] > parts above stage shadow1600 fly1805 rigging loft1851 gridiron-floor1881 gridiron1886 fly-gallery1888 grid1927 1927 Stage 27 Oct. 17/6 Ask him [sc. the young actor] questions about the grid, the apron,..and he will be at sea. 1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage iv. 43 Seventy feet above the stage-level is the grid from which the scenery is flown. 1959 A. S. Gillette Stage Scenery vii. 171 Hoisting cables run from the winches to dollies that may be shifted to any position on the grid. 5. Originally: a wire gauze or helix or a perforated plate between the filament and the anode of a thermionic valve, forming a third electrode to which a voltage can be applied to control or modulate the flow of electrons from the filament. Later extended to any electrode in a valve, gas discharge tube, or similar device, having one or more apertures for the passage of electrons or ions; control grid n. one that serves as a control electrode. Cf. screen grid n., suppressor grid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > thermionic valve > [noun] > grid grid1907 screen1914 screened grid1927 screen grid1927 suppressor grid1931 suppressor1932 1907 Electr. World 30 Nov. 1034/1 In his talk, Dr. De Forest stated that many types of receivers are suitable for wireless Telephone work... However, the Audion receiver, especially in its latest form in which the antenna is joined to an isolated grid interposed between a tantalum filament and a platinum wing, gives perfect ‘articulation’. 1919 R. Stanley Text-bk. Wireless Telegr. (new ed.) II. xi. 208 The output is controlled by the control grid, which is between the filament and the heavier grid anode beyond. 1923 E. W. Marchant Radio Telegr. iv. 52 When a grid is introduced into the valve, it may be used, not merely for rectifying signals.., but..for amplifying or increasing the strength of a signal. 1947 D. G. Fink Radar Engin. xi. 538 The potential on the control electrode (grid) controls the brightness of the spot. 1950 J. C. Slater Microwave Electronics xi. 279 For a relatively short accelerator, there may be few enough grids so that a considerable fraction of the ion beam penetrates all the grids. 1950 J. F. Rider & F. D. Uslan Encycl. Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopes v. 86/1 Surrounding the cathode [of the electron gun] is a cylinder G which has a baffle containing a tiny aperture at its center... The baffle with its aperture is the actual control grid. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. XIV. 241/1 The two control grids in a frequency changer are usually the first and third from the cathode, the other grids being screens, accelerators and suppressors. 6. a. A network of lines, esp. two series of regularly spaced lines crossing one another at right angles; spec. one provided on a map as a means of specifying the location of places and objects. Also grid finder, grid navigation, grid reference, grid sheet, grid system. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun] > line on map > grid map square1917 grid1918 1918 in Geogr. Jrnl. (1919) 53 33 Doubtless the German was amused at the conservative Briton, who at first preferred to use a ‘grid’ of squares 1000 yards a side. 1922 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 623/1 For the use of large scale maps in trench warfare..it must be possible to read off at sight the coördinates of any desired point from a ‘grid’ or network of lines printed on the map... For ease and accuracy of reference the ‘grid’ should be in squares. 1924 Times Trade & Engin. Suppl. 29 Nov. 241 Simplicity of reference is ensured by the use of a novel transparent grid sheet, ruled in squares and numbered to correspond with the grid numbers given in the Gazetteer. The use of this grid sheet enables the most obscure place to be found on the map in a moment. 1925 C. F. Close & H. St. J. L. Winterbotham Text Bk. Topogr. & Geogr. Surv. (ed. 3) 135 Some form of reference grid was found necessary by all combatants in the late war. 1925 C. F. Close & H. St. J. L. Winterbotham Text Bk. Topogr. & Geogr. Surv. (ed. 3) 136 To overprint his available maps with the appropriate grid. 1930 G. R. de Beer Embryol. & Evol. iv. 29 The comparison of one adult form with another can be made very instructive by inscribing the shape of one form on a grid-system of Cartesian co-ordinates. 1930 G. R. de Beer Embryol. & Evol. iv. 30 By a harmonious transformation of the grid, the skull of Hyracotherium can be distorted and made to resemble that of the horse. 1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Sept. 674/4 This grid, which has the appearance of a transparent chessboard, can be made to appear at the same height as any object in the stereoscope picture. 1932 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 36 518 This template, often known as the grid finder, is placed on the photograph so that the line representing the apparent horizon coincides with the apparent horizon on the photograph. 1944 Geogr. Rev. 34 436 (title) Grid Navigation by Samuel Herrick. 1944 Geogr. Rev. 34 436 The introduction of a rectangular grid system and what is hereafter described as ‘grid variation’ makes it possible to navigate a straight line on any conformal..chart. 1946 R. J. C. Atkinson Field Archaeol. ii. 46 The interrupted grid system..enables a much larger area to be searched in a given time. 1954 M. Beresford Lost Villages Eng. viii. 270 Grid-references to the 1-inch Ordnance maps. 1958 Listener 13 Nov. 779/1 The first [major development in polar navigation] is the substitution of a rectangular ‘grid’ for the conventional graticule of parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude which converge at the Poles. This simple technique, which has been extensively developed since the war, is generally called ‘grid navigation’. 1963 E. S. Wood Collins Field Guide Archaeol. iv. i. 306 A card index should be kept; one card for each find or site, showing details,..location, with grid reference. 1966 H. Williamson Methods Bk. Design (ed. 2) xiii. 211 The photographer places in the camera..a glass screen ruled with a rectangular grid of fine diagonal lines. 1971 D. Potter Brit. Elizabethan Stamps xiv. 148 This tissue is first exposed behind a fine grid of horizontal and vertical lines. b. Building. (See quot. 1935.) Also grid plan. ΚΠ 1935 Archit. Rev. 77 65 The plan of the building conforms to a grid composed of rectangles of this proportion, measuring 2 ft. by 2 ft. 10 ins. 1964 J. S. Scott Dict. Building 153 Grid plan, a plan in which setting-out lines called grid lines coincide with the most important walls and other building components. Prefabricated buildings are usually designed to fit a grid plan. c. Motor Racing. A pattern of lines painted on the track at the starting-point to indicate the position in which the cars are to line up (see also quot. 1971). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing with vehicles > motor racing > [noun] > course or track > starting grid starting grid1935 grid1951 1951 C. A. N. May Formula 3 x. 124 Imagine the feelings of young Jeremy Fry when..the engine stalled..and the white car was left on the grid. 1957 S. Moss In Track of Speed xiii. 161 On the first line of the starting grid were Fangio and myself on Mercedes and Ascari on a Lancia. 1966 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. 1964 xlii. 5 Grid, area behind the starting line, usually painted in checked pattern. 1970 Times 8 May 9/2 The controversial qualifying race..would be to decide who should fill the last six places on the grid. 1970 Times 8 May 9/2 The qualifying race will not take place and the grid will be decided on the fastest practice time. 1971 Observer 1 Aug. 19/3 The grid means the pattern of cars when stationary at the start—perhaps three cars on the first row of the grid, two on the second, and so on, the positions being allotted according to the best time you registered in the practice laps. d. Architecture. (See quots.) Also grid layout, grid plan, grid system. Cf. gridiron n. 3d. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > [noun] > town-planning or development > lay-out gridiron1883 layout1888 grid1954 1954 Ann. Reg. 1953 104 The Punjab's new capital at Chandigarh..was built on a grid system which separated fast traffic from slow and divided the city into 25 rectangular sectors. 1958 Listener 29 Nov. 826/1 The town is laid out on a grid plan. 1958 Listener 29 Nov. 826/1 In spite of the imposed colonial grid, the landscaping tradition of the old country reasserts itself successfully. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. XIII. 703/2 Wherever land is approximately flat there has been a tendency to use the grid layout, by which a town is divided into ‘blocks’ of approximately equal size by streets at right-angles to each other. 1959 Listener 26 Mar. 542/2 He accepts, as indeed any architect today must accept, the rectangularities, the grid, the engineering forms, the big areas of glass that, for most people, are modern architecture. 1969 Listener 23 Jan. 98/1 Some of the factors blighting American cities (their ruthless grid-plan expansion, [etc.]). e. Phonetics. ‘A diagrammatic representation of approximate tongue-positions of average English vowels compared with those of cardinal vowels’ (Daniel Jones). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > [noun] > instruments or diagrams phthongometer1837 logograph1879 glossograph1883 palate-myograph1884 palatogram1902 tongue-curve1902 kymograph1918 voiceprint1918 vowel diagram1932 kymogram1934 speech stretcher1948 word-palatogram1948 recognizer1949 phonolaryngoscope1953 speech recognizer1953 grid1961 voiceprinter1966 1961 Amer. Speech 36 219 Daniel Jones's cardinal vowel grid is proposed as a more useful method of specifying vowel sounds in terms of auditory reference points. 1964 E. Palmer tr. A. Martinet Elements Gen. Linguistics iii. 66 We can..attempt to represent schematically the proportions of the system, by arranging in a ‘grid’ the sets of phonemes characterized by the same relevant feature. 7. A bicycle. slang. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > bicycle bicycle1868 steed1877 bike1880 jigger1897 push-cycle1905 push bicycle1906 pushbike1910 grid1922 mangle1941 recumbent1968 MTB1988 1922 D. H. Lawrence England my England 111 Oh, well! I wheel the grid, do I? 1943 Coast to Coast 1942 71 ‘I'll walk and wheel the bike, and if my dad's home he can drive out in the car to meet me.’ ‘Gosh, no!’ you said. ‘Here, you go on, on my grid, an' I'll do the walking.’ 8. a. A network of high-voltage transmission lines and connections that supply electricity from a number of generating stations to various distribution centres in a country or a region, so that no consumer is dependent on a single station. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun] network1883 grid1926 national grid1930 1926 Public Opinion 3 Apr. 331/2 The electrical ‘grid’ is absolutely necessary in the future just as our railway network has been in the past. 1930 Times Financial Rev. 11 Feb. p. xxxiii/1 With transforming stations at the points most suitable for enabling the pool of electricity provided by the ‘Grid’ to be tapped for distribution throughout the area. 1955 Times 5 July p. ii/3 Water for the mill will be drawn from the Tarawera River at the rate of 10,000,000 gallons a day, while hydro-electric power will be supplied by the national grid. 1955 Oxf. Junior Encycl. VIII. 191 Engineers in charge of the grid system meet this problem of changing demand by running the most efficient power stations continuously and by switching in the less efficient smaller stations as the demand increases. 1971 Sci. Amer. Sept. 47/3 Electric power can be transmitted as needed over grids of continental size. b. Used of any network that serves a similar purpose for other services. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > pipe > system or arrangement of piping1729 pipework1849 pipeline1856 reticulation1859 ring main1868 plumbinga1929 grid1943 society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > pipe > system or arrangement of > for gas spec. gas pipe1807 main1808 grid1943 1943 Times 8 Dec. 5/5 Should not our leading water engineers be called upon by the Ministry of Reconstruction to report and prepare comprehensive plans for a national grid? 1960 Economist 15 Oct. 271/3 Total gasification (linked with a national high-pressure grid supplying industry direct and local systems with lean gas for enrichment to town gas), rather than carbonisation, offers the main opportunity. 1970 Sci. Jrnl. Aug. 82/1 [In Holland] a little over 80 per cent of the 13 million inhabitants..are connected to the gasgrid. 9. A strong open framework of iron fixed to the back of a motor car to hold luggage. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > luggage rack grid1928 roof-rack1929 ski carrier1965 ski rack1968 1928 Evening News 24 July 4/2 It can be carried on either luggage grid or running board. 1928 Daily Mail 25 July 1/5 All straps, loops, etc., which are necessary to fit to the grid of a car. 10. The field on which American football is played; hence loosely, American football. Also attributive. Cf. gridiron n. 3e. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] American football1879 football1881 gridiron1896 grid1928 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > scoring > field of play gridiron1896 grid1928 1928 Chicago Tribune 13 Dec. 25/8 (headline) Law..to lead Irish on Grid in 1929. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 15 Jan. 17/4 It was a satisfying triumph for the aging Packers, who showed their grid obituaries had been written prematurely. 1970 New Yorker 3 Oct. 34/1 You grid fans are just going to have to buckle down... Anybody who can't straighten out a plain old two-league, six-division distribution..probably isn't in shape. 11. Television. In full grid receiver: see quots. ΚΠ 1929 H. H. Sheldon & E. N. Grisewood Television 147 The operation of the large grid receiver is controlled by a 2500 wire distributor. 1929 H. H. Sheldon & E. N. Grisewood Television 148 This large grid, formed by a continuous neon tube bent back and forth, is the electro-optical element of the receiving equipment used by the Bell Laboratories for large audiences. 1930 Daily Express 30 July 6/2 By dividing the grid-vanes and providing separate plates for the upper and lower grid-vanes. Compounds C1. General attributive. (Usually in the sense control grid). grid battery n. ΚΠ 1924 Harmsworth's Wireless Encycl. II. 1053/2 The grid battery plays an important part in the operation of power-amplifying valves. grid condenser n. ΚΠ 1916 Electrician 76 800/1 The radio frequency beats are then rectified by the audion to charge the grid and the grid condenser, and this charge varies the electron current to produce an amplifying action on the current in the telephones. 1923 Glasgow Herald 29 Jan. 14 The occasional benefit to be derived from a change of gridleaks and grid condensers. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 390/1 Grid condenser, a condenser connected between the grid and the cathode of a thermionic valve. grid potential n. ΚΠ 1916 Electrician 76 801/1 A point will finally be reached where the grid potential is sufficiently reduced to allow the wing current to flow. grid potentiometer n. ΚΠ 1926 S. O. Pearson Dict. Wireless Terms Grid potentiometer, a potentiometer arranged to enable the grid potential or grid bias to be critically adjusted. grid voltage n. ΚΠ 1918 Wireless World June 142 Up to the saturation currents for the gas space within the bulb, the change in plate current is approximately proportional to the grid voltage. C2. grid bias n. a steady, usually negative, voltage applied to the control grid of a valve on which the signal voltage is superimposed; hence, the steady potential difference between the control gird and the cathode in the absence of a signal. ΚΠ 1926 S. O. Pearson Dict. Wireless Terms Grid bias..is the number of volts by which the potential of the grid is above or below that of the negative end of the filament. 1928 Morning Post 26 Jan. 13/4 When there are two stages of low frequency amplification a grid bias of negative 1½ volts is ample. 1968 Listener 20 June 800/3 There was endless trouble with grid-biases, valves, condensers, speakers. grid circuit n. the circuit connected between the grid and the cathode of a valve. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > electronic circuit > [noun] > valve circuits grid circuit1916 reaction circuit1919 tank circuit1928 cascode1939 cathode follower1939 1916 Electrician 76 798/2 Oscillations in the grid circuit set up oscillations of similar character in the wing circuit of the audion. 1937 Discovery Feb. 54/1 A simple spherical electrode is connected with the grid circuit of a valve oscillator. grid control n. control of the anode current, esp. the discharge in a gas discharge tube, by means of the grid voltage. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > thermionic valve > [noun] > grid > control by grid grid control1921 1921 L. B. Turner Wireless Telegr. vi. 91 (heading) Grid control over anode circuit. 1952 W. G. Dow Fund. Engin. Electronics (ed. 2) xviii. 543 (heading) Grid control of current conduction in a thyratron. grid-controlled adj. ΚΠ 1939 H. J. Reich Theory & Applic. Electron Tubes xi. 394 The time required for complete breakdown of grid-controlled arc tubes is of the order of a few microseconds. 1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors viii. 188 These devices show promise as solid state ‘thyratrons’... They have the advantage over grid-controlled gas-tube rectifiers that they can be turned off more readily. grid current n. the current flowing to the grid from outside the valve. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > thermionic valve > [noun] > grid > current of grid current1919 screen current1933 1919 Radio Rev. Dec. 144 The circuit..will be called the grid circuit, and the current flowing in it the grid current. 1948 J. W. Gray in Valley & Wallman Vacuum Tube Amplifiers xi. 419 Positive grid current, caused by electrons flowing to the grid from the cathode, is much greater and much less erratic than the negative grid current. 1971 Physics Bull. Feb. 108/2 Conventional electrometer tubes have a minimum guaranteed grid current in the region of 10⁻¹⁵ A, somewhat large for a number of modern requirements. grid-dip meter n. a calibrated valve oscillator used as a frequency meter, resonance of the tank circuit of the oscillator with the resonant circuit under test being indicated by a drop in the grid current of the valve. ΚΠ 1959 K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. (ed. 5) xiv. 11 Grid-dip meters... The grid current of an oscillator will ‘dip’ slightly as the wavemeter is tuned through the operating frequency. 1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xiv. 355 It is possible to measure the input and output impedances [of the transistor] in such a case with the aid of a signal generator and a grid-dip meter. grid-dip oscillator n. see grid-dip meter n. grid leak n. (also grid leak resistance) a high resistance connected between the grid and the cathode of a valve by which any excess charge on the grid can escape. ΚΠ 1919 Radio Rev. Nov. 82 R is a large resistance which acts as a grid leak, and should be chosen so as to keep the grids at a voltage found advantageous by trial. 1923 Glasgow Herald 29 Jan. 14 The occasional benefit to be derived from a change of gridleaks and grid condensers. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) II. 184/1 There is always a small grid current flowing through the grid-leak resistor when cathode or fixed bias is used. grid modulation n. modulation in which the modulating signal is applied to the grid of a valve in which the carrier is present. ΚΠ 1924 F. H. Haynes Amateur's Bk. Wireless Circuits (ed. 2) 21 In another system of grid modulation the microphone secondary is connected between the grid itself and the L.T. minus, with the grid condenser in the lead to the grid coil and this time not fitted with a leak. 1967 R. L. Shrader Electronic Communication (ed. 2) xvii. 348 Low audio power requirement is one of the advantages of grid modulation. Derivatives grid v. transitive to cook on a gridiron. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > grill or broil broilc1386 carbonado1610 carbonate1629 carbonade1634 grill1668 grillade1727 grid1884 pan-broil1901 braai1959 charbroil1971 1884 J. Bull's Neighbour xii. 90 Where is the Frenchwoman..who can cook a chop, grid a steak, [etc.]? grid-like adj. ΚΠ 1950 Mind 59 302 The description..both suggests a kind of permanent grid-like world framework and denies it. Draft additions June 2012 grid computing n. Computing the technique or practice of using numerous widely separated computers (esp. ones linked via the internet) to carry out large computational tasks by sharing processing power, typically for the purposes of scientific research. ΚΠ 1998 Proc. 5th ACM Conf. Comp. & Comm. Security 84 This example illustrated many of the distinctive characteristics of the grid computing environment. 2000 N.Y. Times (Electronic ed.) 28 Sept. Grid computing..helped solve a 32-year-old mathematical challenge that was beyond the power of a single computer. 2011 ReadWriteWeb (Nexis) 21 Feb. He muses on the idea of using mobile phones for grid computing, a la SETI@home, to create massive distributed supercomputers for processing all of this data. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1839
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